Document NeV3OY89EgOgdbgm6ObE37pEw

FILE NAME: Engineering (ENG) DATE: 1930 May DOC#: ENG016 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal Article - Mineral Dust in Factories KNlUNhKKIM;. 1<L\ 1030] ENGINEERING: Jin Jostratf Trrkli) Jimrnal. V O L . C X X 1 X -- F R O M J A N U A R Y T O J U N E , 1!):). May 2, 1930.] ENGINEERING. 577 le, can see none in prospect, and are confident course, the benefit of the evidence in full, and we MINERAL DUST IN FACTORIES. if they arise they will be settled before they do not know how it was led, or whether carrying The inconvenience of dust in industry varies greatly provoked dangerous national passions, they one or another part a little further, or a somewhat with the nature of the work th at is being carried on, quite entitled to regard these good and friendly different handling of witnesses, might or might not and of the material from which the dust is made, ions as the equivalent of a certain amount of have put a very different complexion on some of iAny form of dust, for instance, is pestilent in the -ctive military force. Now the outstanding fact the points. We are, however, well aware that manufacture of photographic plates, and any form glo-Frencb relations during the last ten years is such inquiries, conducted after the legal manner, of abrasive dust is bad for machinery. This much the vituperations of some part of the French have not infrequently in the past arrived at con knowledge is of old standing, but it is only in com against Great Britain, has not embittered the clusions which have greatly reduced the value of the paratively recent years that particular knowledge tions between the two Governments. From this investigation from the practical viewpoint. has begun to be acquired about the effect of a dusty safe to assume that if peaceful relations between One cannot help feeling th at the case has been atmosphere on those who work in it. For some two countries are ever endangered, the disturbing I put in the worst light possible. We have very time past it has been established that the inhalation ence will more probably be a question of high frequently referred to the excellent work of the of dust may cause not only diseases of the lungs and ics than an outburst of popular indignation (Manchester Steam Users' Association, whose former ' of the bronchial passages, but also local alterations some incident which excites the antagonism j chief engineer has made many valuable contribu 1of their tissues, the most important of which is the e two nations. In other words, the provocation tions to engineering knowledge. The accident in formation of fibrous tissue in the place of the air come from above rather than from below, question is the first, we understand, in the 75 years' cells, whereby often the patient becomes much proclaim urbi et orbi that the French building history of the Association, and it seems to us quite more susceptible to phthisis. In each of the indus ~mme " affected the requirements of our Iillogical for this reason to place so much blame tries in which such results of the inhalation of al security " would be a very serious matter. personally upon the shoulders of Dr. Telford Petrie, dust have been traced more particularly, the dust British Government, whatever its political who only took charge as chief engineer six months by which the injury was produced was some form .exion might be, would hesitate to announce or so before the event under discussion. This is of free crystalline silica, while some other forms France and Great Britain are naval rivals ; all the more so when we note that the Commissioners of industrial dust could not produce similar effects. French Government would be willing to believe that the corrosion started soon after the Of late, however, evidence has appeared th at the rider a policy which was provoking the erection of the boiler in 1905, and that for some dust formed in the treatment of asbestos produces Government to take so serious a step, time the boiler had been working in a dangerous effects which are generally similar to those arising robability is, therefore, that there will be state. j from the silica-laden dust. The fibrous formations 'ight readjustments in the French programme; I t is quite unlikely th at if corrosion had are not precisely the same, and they appear to British Government will be satisfied ; and thus been proceeding slowly for a long period, it develop more rapidly, though adding less to the "ritish public opinion will not be alarmed should have been latterly so accelerated as to patient's susceptibility to phthisis. After careful presence of a powerful French force on develop to a dangerous state only, or mainly', enquiries, in fact, asbestosis has been added to them side of the Channel, so long as the during Dr. Petrie's short term of office. Further, silicosis as an occupational disease arising from between the two countries continue on few large businesses nowadays expect a chief working in dusty surroundings, and in a report just esent footing. A deterioration in those to concern himself with details of every part of issued by the Home Office on Effects of Asbestos Dust is, in fact, more likely to put Article 21 his work. With the size to which organisations on the Lungs, and Dust Suppression in the Asbestos Treaty into operation than an increase in now extend, any such process 8 unworkable in most Industry (H.M. Stationery Office, price la. 3d. net), naval strength, which the British public industries, and we do not imagine that boiler Dr. E. R. A. Merewether, M.D., and Mr. C. W. Price, have expected, but to which they may inspection is any exception. In order that work respectively medical and engineering Inspectors of me accustomed. may proceed in any business, a certain amount of Factories, describe the results of an extensive in authority has to be delegated, and, for the chiefs vestigation carried out during the year 1928 and TRANMERE BAY BOILER EX PLOSION. port of the Commissioners appointed under Explosion Acts of 1882 and 1890, to te the cause of the boiler explosion which at the Tranmere Bay Works of Messrs. Laird and Company, Limited, on April 11, recently been published, and demands ice. to have time to give to the exercise of control and the direction of policy, it is essential that some balance be struck in these matters. While, there fore, we do not argue th at the Association is free from blame, the personal responsibility of a rela tively new chief engineer strikes us as in quite another light than that which has been put upon it in this report. With regard to general conditions, it is to be inferred from the report that though Messrs. 1929. While the effect of the report is not such as to cause panic, and in Dr. Merewether's opinion the outlook for preventive measures is such that in 10 years or so their energetic application should produce a great reduction in the incidence of the disease, the results recorded seem to leave no doubt that, as Sir Gerald Bellliouse observes in submitting the report, the disease itself is serious, and the necessity for suppressing the dust from briefly, the boiler which exploded was of Cammell Laird tested this boiler after re-tubing in which it arises has only recently been appreciated. `ng type, and the failure was obviously 1916, it was not so tested after the process had Its seriousness is the greater for the reason that he wastage of the plating of one of the been repeated in 192S. This point is not brought has prevented it from attracting notice till recently. ms. The end of this drum was enclosed out by the Commis-ioner. nor is any suggestion Although asbestos has been known and worked ork, which, owing to the condition* of TU'i'lo by them Mr ` rh" brb'Vm<t * mi/pt \ery si^vc th'* t ^1*1**" 0^ n.-ijonfa v^t it in ,. - C m , ! C ", ,, i il1 bc - ai 1 '1n t h b '' o'..... ' a Fi iti"F pub;,. p,m in o a ' 11 1K ,. l o r n - a b o o m b v d, -- -m pre' i m '> i( ,, v, mie! Kreie 'r < -a i , d<-\ -`i ti> m 1 < m - - , itbkrn ; t F* *' b u a u , .s. - F '*L ,; t b* b u m m '* F* t ; r ' a n b^t v - *n de 'e t ) t 'uni a 1'- f- Ulo a a y'V'1 11 y inr_- do ' m - - u t a n a d f >y -r,,; d -leU T'orol 0n i m ; tu ^ - <>!- p d:m _y, n> p ' i; u k e b ' o. p r i \T", ado ! 1)'s 'Am k d - Fr-- 7 i -fv ai , - t i\ \n t h t n m 0.." ' 'O il nove Led'a "b -, v m ^ i; n.iva! irei m g', a li l e 1' d 'C F u ` m l-a'da m d u d r n ono rm> n o t lume *> r - m rb b 'd t " Y t1'! U ' il( . ni,id i u - p e o ta a . a ' mil U como accusi o-meF. ' n.av proceed in ------ ;-___ -- i a i i t u u ii t y bea" t, ,,, have time to , ,i- ' :i m-d < -la'-' o r b '1 m . n n d , , u a ' dm F* Mu:. T.t.iY' l'\ ! '! a 1' ,f ppa t F not i xr. ptiuii. 'li . m o m m i < at boil e*' In e n n e hat v n a k LT,-gated, and. fur the chiefs give to the exercise y u control h ' 1 P '- - ? .nit m . 111'!1'' "O- ' i' L a m a " " -!*< P' iFtF \ ' ! ` ! 1 ' -, a , a -.U st - , F 'S lu ,1 1I O s d i ,, - ' ,i.v t . m r p d 2 n 1 djs'- 1st- 'T] A o k u 1 ii, a ,1-1v >ur 1o t. o. iinu-. on m c. T m ort ; mi 'v ;yo i .\ -d< H p n , O dr n- on F . - r i s of J-Md l m / m d 0,, /ile ! it.-t/n ' ef Feaf '.tj'f' esUe/i 'U/ Tt / mi" f F I'd 0 ' ai eue m Oda g !m ! ir L . K. A. ab u o: -k `T, M T>-, m m ~dr,, C resiiectr. < \ lid'd-eal akl eiigi'KN'vmg inF a c t o : m- , ue-oribi the rf-.'nit.t. F an xt ve>t luhtu m e a r n e d ont d u rin g t h e y e ar WV21. T H E T R A N M E R E B A Y B O I L E R E X a n d t h e d i r m i ' o n -.1 p o h - y , it is ossenf im t h a t som e WiiiF-* t h - fl-m >{ t h e re p o rt i- not t PLO SIO N . balance be s t r u c k ;r. t h e s e m a t t e r s , White. t h e r e c iu ? e pa ni' . r-ttd in Di. Merewtlb.er s <>j fore, we do n o t m'gue tliat tht' .V---" no , m . y e o u tlo o k f.r i m v en tiv e nu- riu\ > i*1 siu* T h e re p o rt of the Commis-on er- aij.:nu-.l unUcr fro m blam e, t h e tw rso n a l rcsponsib.Ui v oi a re la- 10 v a m i.r a i t h e i r {'iK-rgetic appui n11 tbc Boiler Explosion Acts of HS2 -l \ [ i ve] ni"v ,`h if f m utineer Rtrike-^ -m ki fi u *tlk prfNinoe . g r - at re d u ctio n m t h e ineidci investigate the eau-- of th e boiler -xplo-um -'hi.-.i a n o th e r light that, t h a t which tu-. n put upon d i ce:mf\ 'dan `t - i i l n o a n n i e d B-oeni to o e c a r r e d a t t h e T ran m ere Bay Y o r k s ..f M> "<r-. C a m m e ll L a i r d e n d Company. L im ite d , on A -il 11, it m tLm report. kVith regard to general conditions. H l- n derubi F ,,`1, m 'Ar (h r.dd Beblmime o b<- u b irattn au F' e report. the d o n e e itself ]cmc. has recently b n u published, a n t thane,r.ds uiferred from the report that th o u g h Messrs. , ma nmd Di.,i,e- ne ~' 11y fer* -impam-ro'-'in,d tin , -o ms- notice. Cam m ell L a n d m te d th is boiler a fte r re -tu h .n g nm v. h r h n a n - s ^ S*ated brief! v, the boiler --h i t b e xploded n e - of .w , rline tvT>e and the failuie w a - o b v m u s l y ! 19U>, it w.a.,s. .n..o t- -o u-s t-e d a f te r th.y M ' d g . d d ^ ^ [ 1 7 A A d r d b A o d s A recently . v!rim& m r , - m T f of t h e h,v n n .r,,.il t od m 1928. T his point is n o t brought c u e t o t h e rvasram of du pmy'-.g o. n. o. . n e , turn, i i 11 nor i- anv suggestion Uthn'i^li { ha-' Ff-f*n k n o w n a n d worked ewer drums. enidd of i h i ' d r u m a - nc-io-cci , oUUutl bUy\ t1uliet tv , m -, - -*...o...n...e...,. i m ^ i T_ -. ^, ___ | sinc-f t h e tium of n r ancient-, y et it is on ly m t h " O- brickw ork, wh h owing n tlm -on -h t-o n s of m a d e ' b y t h e m t h a t t he _brickwoiK m : g u t ^ \ e r v- site, ht low ground and between two docks, A bbad , m-necuon b d n . ' ' 'red a t t h a t 1 b` I ' n,m,s-ionei time for - relire- a complete he owners j last m, n -g rdly r ' ^ ' d A k A A t 'V n d T t M e s s t h a n to mi .pprf eu. h ex *nr. ,mu u y i j .......... liable to d a m p i i B a le r v - ' a : tb" it , n Till I P I 4 it v- a- insp<eted by M> - r uI ; 11 hi one .,'3V be U -hmcaliy h o t ,111e, under ! 3' f } o ' - ".11.''- t i t ur>m r t ; eir intimati ' t'TU T ' ` '1 - : j ,en a /mo- m d u ? tr v . ' jmell L aird i h e m se lv m but at t nut a n " i B th . te n : m- Ciineus m-, < \part f - m y .. < , ,iri -id' :.m 2' ami' v of wfonce r< ndibihtx under F-\ lo r y Act v. an-- knowledge oi tb. - -o.ai-mie that ,-xp. ~ d n 'A- ir .i ( .i ` 1 J ;n ao d .m l, of -verm b : --ex to tue 8-eam U - i: s.'.ptmi.r3 tha^ -i'e i iv r ^'ar- re A - y . f <n uu: ' 1 h v v A m u did n-'t a':er tlm v'.oik.A thru, ai1 ,1-!,..-, - i ' O ' - nia a p,; nd re -tu b in g might m -i, . 'in ned m a ,; 1;(I - u n " -v I m o i - '- v i i a u l i e a l h m 191 ti. and was acini, j e - t u b e d in h y d iau lic test ,p, c - t h a t the li'K k a t.r k . beino de,-- n- ;U1y A. ' ,1P` "M ' A) M dtp T tFxiiy imrV to i , ' , \ T i m 'l . i s i i I'rtihr Oo- wa- g oam en Deoem- hI iaivr ed i,een d aadmtp , - o IikeFe to <xte i:o r T - O ,p i y. -if n i ' o K - - ' tim e ef the ( x-ot 'ion Kc-ee; on an r r i o r . s curros-mt- T in . > no evidnlK^. m u n i , t h a t turn , -k 'ie '' e r o a n u a r .'- . m u l e a b o u t a b ir tu m h t beioir tb, b U.i u x c u rif'-i lo n p ; t. t o l-e ni.r.d t h a t , m c o n e o n o n w 't h nsr-Ct t< a h i r , ) lndm i bfir ow n m i. re-m i ?,a i e x 8.m u', vt1, or, Ai 0 ..-peg to r ;i m ay : o - a h e , . - o Lv: il a yj e s t 'Ft m . L 'iti . t b 1-, if t-uiobti n"' F,*' ( -arimi--i ner0 m m n rn tm to that ` y ; m.Lit m ' c . t ' 1r : nT i n : * ' e n t r a i of ' -.r;d t '*' l r a i-.a t ca jvji t u a l y y ) i r- -t u b i n e in li>*> - ae f,,r ih'Tl,, a-'d nf any - f xmuv b n b \ ' b v . a T ne Cumini n-r-' retr'vt rdvv mqua v .g ^ etnia r It -i-p s' MC'iP''t ,, 2.` t,tr m a F i " i'd F`r. *'' : i n f - ir .s a b o li, fi ' : - - a t a . - ' mi f o d i n e - h b* 'T d.tter \vy s he m e (' t'nuiii'-M '!,.*rs m t h e a ic e : s, u-tL T- - i e r r , a i , i i Mr. O^d-'*' e f h i - o f l d ' e . 'I Tn'nt-' v !' e a -' -a rb-ar i n ouuh nv them u-i'eie !( : y - `Un: F; - 1 ^ * 'i.i il a .F pri --an1 1d1atil nkm. --v!v]<fdn g 'v1,r rmv i<'no\'\no ' 'ih , AO t- d Cm.l Osf u, rauia > i '' - e\]o ( . o, hcr t ; t'ee c'v, r ' eT' "Ab' n ' 1 b ale: . mm! v<-~ M li. - im ' no i e .-I I!1K'nt o.\!- ipBCL r i ti ,.nd : Mu a .a :.' s iM a g '`rd " a-ntiy S >f a , -, ti> A-- iM-iptjL.p 1 iv' 'il,,i; i r< . ' limn for u Q - i 1, 0. - T- j i i1 s. r l .d " - *n ; d ' . , -fuT. -xT . , , >r, t , Lu . O" d. to 1 COTI t (,01'Hd'-r. A.< ( l, ' 1 < - Dm* - t oj >> _ _ ut tin- m u r o , r h d b - a.-tb Ye iT"i u r r pv. A' 'nonie in mind v d by a p me . - of a a LS H k c h no m in- eientru ai d.T ^ -nd r i m t nie non a - an - r- ' mi no (it t f"i i<-n t h a t m ' '0\e b e i n g peed t o lb< ' ^ - 4 ' P../,! ..Aonnrnv , t ' ' g ' ' li. g , ` , ' l I . " 1 K rn t b A , l u - -, g t - un. ,i mi ` fut th, ' -ho c l op ' U -1 , n r . 1 ' b,- -hods and plant d ,, O,, ;m n ''O,,' -a - --I s and ismtly so u. i l , y : ,, ! .l -ne* - t h, r e h o u s i n g od t', , m u r ' I. t u 1 ih- l a t o r e ol i pom i'.ne 11 n 'O' -\ tn `iiuomng u' oust arc in many respects similar to those found in other industries. The chief measure hitherto adopted is the applieation of efficient localised exhaust ventilation at dust-producing points. Though it is described as the most generally applicable, it has not been applied as yet to hand work, and only to some machines and appliances. In others the nature of the process and machinery presents special difficulties. The substitution of enclosed mechanical methods for hand conveyors and for dusty handwork generally is desirable wherever it can be applied, which at present does not seem to be as often as could be wished. The perhaps tie a matter of some difficulty. It seems, however, to deserve consideration, if, indeed, it has not already received it. NOTES. Memorial to Matthew Murray. The labour of love, which was undertaken to provide a fitting memorial to Matthew Murray, who has been justly called " The Father of Leeds Engineering," has now been successfully completed. The efforts of those responsible have resulted in the distribution of over 2,700 copies of the Institution, who spoke of its members Emph building abroad. With Sir Ernest Moir prosi<iin Mr. F. Palmer, Sir Brodie Henderson and Sir H. I Lyons present as guests, the reflection of the Instit tion upon work abroad is evident. In fact, mai of the elders present felt that by their attendan they were benefitting themselves as much as joying hospitality as guests, living over again son, of the incidents of their earlier work and imbibaTM during the evening some of the spirit which keepjl the Institution and its members young in spite, advancing vears. ' effective enclosure of dust-producing machines and Matthew Murray book, which was reviewed in L aminated Argh D ams with F orked Ab i __ plant, and the substitution of wet methods for dry, E ngineering on February 22, 1929, to the libraries In a paper published under the above title are also measures which it is considered might be of Leeds and of the principal cities of Great Britain, the Proceedings of the American Society of adopted to a greater extent than they are. Apart as well as to most of the leading engineering Engineers, Dr. F. A. Noetzli suggests a new from the elimination or modification of certain institutions. A special gift by Lord Brotherton also of arched dam, the main distinguishing feature c machines, which at present produce much uncon enabled 900 copies of this book to be presented which is th a t the arch is built up of separate ri trollable dust, the utmost possible abandonment of to scholars of the higher forms of the secondary somewhat in the same way as were the brick oi settling chambers in manufacturing processes, the schools in Leeds, who were invited to write essays bridges of Brunei, though the successive rings , separation of dust-producing processes from others, on the pioneer, with which it dealt, and prizes much thicker and are of concrete instead of bii so as to limit the number of workers exposed to were awarded for the result. In addition, many Thus constructed the dam is much less stiff them, and the wide spacing of dust-producing copies have been purchased by engineering firms, the vertical plane than a monolithic dam of eqi machines so as to reduce the concentration of dust and a satisfactory number have been sold through total thickness. By this artifice the serious bendj in the air of the workroom as a whole, are among the booksellers. Further, a bronze plaque, which was stresses in the vertical plane are much diminish other measures recommended. Many of these pre described in E ngineering of May 17, 1929, has as also the stresses due to temperature changes a cautions are linked up with the efficiency of the been erected on the site of the works of Messrs. to shrinkage. In the central plane the arch prol general exhaust ventilation, and some of them, such Fenton, Murray and Wood, in Water-lane, Holbeck, leans downstream, so th at a plumb line dropjwTM as damping floors and benches, cannot yield their large framed photographs of which plaque have from the downstream face of the crest would fall? full benefit unless they are supplemented bv efficient been presented to the Institutions of Civil and clear of the bottom by several feet. In this wayIT cleaning of the workshop. " j Mechanical Engineers, the National Union of the maximum radius of the arch is materiallyL Though the problems that are intended to be solved by measures such as these are not new, but occur repeatedly in a great variety of industries, they present themselves even in the asbestos indus try in many different circumstances. This may have something to do with the fact that general exhaust ventilation does not seem to be as effective as might have been expected. The intervention of the Factory Department of the Home Office along the lines on which its work seems usually to be con ducted ought to be of considerable assistance to the efforts of the industry to put its factories in order in this important respect. The report gives many examples of energetic measures taken bv individual firms, experimentally and otherwise, to obtain a satisfactory soltion, and in this, as in other indus tries, the Department appears to be working on the assumption that manufacturers are themselves no less anxious to have their works as healthy and as safe as they can be made than the Department is to see that they are so. This assumption is un doubtedly correct in regard to the great majority of the most enlightened and successful firms, and it seems likely th at co-operation between the Depart ment and such firms would yield results not to be I Railwaymen, the Engineering Department of Leeds University, the Leeds Technical College, and to | several museums abroad. " Matthew Murray " prizes to the amount of ol. are being awarded" at the end of this session to day and evening students in mechanical engineering at the Leeds Technical College and at the J unior Technical School. Holbeck. and will be continued from year to year, as funds allow. Arrangements are being made for replicas of the models of the Murray locomotive, and the Blenkinsop rack rail now in the Science Museum. London, to be made for the Museum of Peaceful Arts, New York, and probably also for the Leeds Museum, while replicas of the rail have already been supplied to four other museums. That so much has been done in a manner, which Murray himself would have approved, is largelv owing to the energy of the chairman and general honorary secretary of the Fund, Sir. E. Kilbum Scott, to whom the thanks of all those, who desire that the memory of pioneers in engineering should be fittingly honoured, are due. The J unior I nstitution of E ngineers. The typical " Ju n io r" atmosphere pervaded the dinner presided over by Sir Ernest Moir on Friday lessened. The abutments constitute another special 5 feature of the new dam. They are forked in plan, k j and made sufficiently long to reduce very consider* o ably the maximum span of the arch at crest lerelTw | In the concluding section of his paper Dr. NoetsfrS | describes a remarkable dam now under construction"^ ; in France, on the Dordogne River at Marege. In is !this ease, in order to avoid the heavy secondary-5? stresses associated with a thick arch, there is a 'k succession of five arch dams, some 60 ft. to 70 ft. ' apart. Of these the crest of the highest is 229-6 ft. above bed level. It has a uniform thickness of 3-94 ft. About 60 ft. downstream of this arch dam is another, 183-7 ft. high and 4-43 ft. thick. - The space between the two is kept filledwith water, so that the effective head on the upper dam is only 45-9 ft. Below the second dam is a third, 137-8ft. high and 4-32 ft. thick. This is followed by fourth. 91-8 ft. high and 4-43 ft. The last oi * the series is 45-93 ft. and 3-94 ft. thick. Auto'" 1 matic arrangements are provided to ensure that the interspaces between each successive pair ti Sdams is kept full of water. Before the plans far u. this dam were finally passed tests were made on a J; model, to a scale of TJ5, which was loaded with mercury. T heir to Tfc-c Phi erp thic nm< nier fore long mec sqm set, a yi inch ovei Twc for TH T of tl un 1 the in 1 anm His of t atta busi I In Mr. Ids i pa i ) t Thui disci Th cussi had i oond Tt w meet and priva case agree parti to >JC any < had accs en g in eer in g . [M a y 2, 1930. 578 obtained from inspectors who present themselves, last. At these functions, as is known, it is not the The suppression of dust has already been recog like policemen and tax gatherers, for the purpose custom to adhere quite so rigidly to the formalite nised as the indispensable means of solving problems of forcing manufacturers to do what they do not which is supposed generally to add dignity to of health and sometimes of efficiency in many inc[us' think is necessary or desirable. I t seems reasonable occasions of the kind, though, on the other hand, tries. In the manufacture of asbestos it is attended to hope that the improvement which this co-opera the body has customs of its own by which it sets with" a peculiar difficulty, arising from the nature ol tion should effect would in itself go a long way to great store. The toast of the evening was " The the material. Asbestos is a term applied to a variety induce the example of the firms who took part in Great Adventurers of Engineering," proposed by of minerals, which mostly differ from each other m it to be followed by others, and would reduce the Mr. B. E. Dunbar Kilbum, and replied to by the their physical properties to such an extent th at for probably small number of instances in which it might President. Mr. Dunbar Kilbum recalled how many some purposes it is necessary that they should be be considered necessary to apply the much less satis of the early adventurers in engineering had worked blended. Not only for this reason, but also because factory method of compulsion. By its constitution out their ideas without public encouragement. He the fibres of which all kinds of asbestos minerals are and functions the Factory Department of the Home thought that in their President they had a worthy composed owe some part of their technical value to Office is in an exceptionally good position to be successor to the long list who had held office before their fineness and flexibility. These fibres have to be of use in such co-operation. Each industry knows Sir Ernest Moir. Sir Ernest had had to act as a separated out before manufacture, and their struc its own difficulties, and probably knows them better pioneer in many directions during his career, as ture is such that they seem able to divide longi- than they are known to factory inspectors. Of the had now been to some extent put on record in the tburdoikneanllvto toproadnucineddefuisntiteofeexxtetrnato, rdainndaryth' ufsinewnhesesn. ditiffhiacusltfiaers loefssopthreecrisiendkunsotrwielse,dgoen, athned octohnecreibvaanbdly, athidoaddnr.ehsasSdihrteoEgpranlvaeevststohMmeoeiprta,irmrteepolfyagianodgv,be-eanfdtoumrreeitrtt.hede HItnhesathtiathudi.- Tinhsetanocbes,ertvhaatitonas minacjlourdietyd oinf tphaertircelpesortofshaoswbe,stfoosr tcheenteraxlpiseeridenicnethoef pFraaccttoicrayllDy eaplal ritnmdeunsttrimesigwhthibceh oisf he said, also boen driven to do things himself which, dust floating in the air are not larger than a fave- value in applying the methods that have been found if he had been only a little bolder, he would have hundredth of a millimeter, and many are as small successful in one industry to an unsolved difficulty deputed to others. He was fortunate in having as a two-thousandth. I t is said, therefore, tha of another. In the present report, for example, it been able to combine his adventures with not a respirators, apart from their discomfort and the difficulty in inducing workers to wear them for any appears that little or no use has been made of vacuum little profit. The engineer was greatly indebted to other sciences, and the medical work which length of time, are unable to arrest the finest cleaning methods for the cleaning of works, machinery and sacks. I t is pointed out, however, had rendered many of their schemes possible was psaertcicolneds olifndeuosft,daenfednacte.besRt eclainanocnelyhabse arcecgoarrddiendgalys tehleacttriinc octahbelre cflaascstoesrieosf,wpoorrkt,absulechv, afcouruemxamseptlse,aares awfisnaasmncauec,gharnepdaitoanlaledenvreieenndgteudarestro.agnoTythfhoeirrnwega.wrdeLtroeogrepdtihoCenore.ewrdsTrahiyne tdousbteapt laacgerdeaotneradrriastnagnecme efnrotsmfothr edweaolirnkger,wainthd tthhee ccoolnlestcatinvtelyexupseerdienwciethmgigrehat tbeadmvoabnitlaisgeed. onHoocwcasthioins toast of " The Institution " was proposed by Major recommendations with which the report concludes show that the processes both of the direct treatment for use when it was required without overburdening A M. Kerr, of the Imperial War Museum, and re plied to by Mr. Stanley Dunlop, Chairman of the of the material and of the use of ventilation for factory inspectors by invoking it needlessly, might perhaps be a matter of some difficulty. I t seems, Institution, who spoke of its members Empire controlling the dust are in many respects similar to however, to deserve consideration, if, indeed, it has building abroad. With Sir Ernest Moir presidmg, Mr. F. Palmer, Sir Brodie Henderson and Sir H.-G. thhiothseerftoounaddoinptoetdherisintdhuestraiepsp.licTathioenchoieff mefefaicsiuernet not already received it. Lyons present as guests, the reflection of th e In stitu localised exhaust ventilation at dust-producing points. Though it is described as the most generally NOTES. tion upon work abroad is evident. In fact, many of the elders present felt th a t by their attendance applicable, it has not been applied as yet to hand Memorial to Matthew Murray. they were benefitting themselves as much as en work, and only to some machines and appliances. The labour of love, which was undertaken to joying hospitality as guests, living over again some In others the nature of the process and machinery provide a fitting memorial to Matthew Murray, of the incidents of their earlier work and imbibing presents special difficulties. The substitution of who has been justly called " The Father of Leeds during the evening some of the spirit which keep enclosed mechanical methods for hand conveyors Engineering," has now been successfully completed. the Institution and its members young in spite o and for dusty handwork generally is desirable The efforts of those responsible have resulted advancing years. wherever it can be applied, which a t present does in the distribution of over 2,700 copies of the L aminated Arch D ams w ith F orked Abutments. not seem to be as often as could be wished. The effective enclosure of dust-producing machines and plant, and the substitution of wet methods for dry, are also measures which it is considered might be adopted to a greater extent than they' are. Apart from the elimination or modification of certain machines, which at present produce much uncon trollable dust, the utmost possible abandonment of settling chambers in manufacturing processes, the separation of dust-producing processes from others, ' U,-Gy r.nmlir? * wnr^'T-i rXX'OSC?*! t-O Matthew Murray book, which was reviewed in E ngineering on February 22, 1929, to the libraries of Leeds and of the principal cities of Great Britain, as well as to most of the leading engineering institutions. A special gift by Lord Brotherton also enabled 900 copies of this book to be presented to scholars of the higher forms of the secondary schools in Leeds, who were invited to write essays on the pioneer, with which it dealt, and prizes wore awarded for the result. In addition, many In a paper published under the above title m the Proceedings of the American Society of Civ Engineers, Dr. F. A. Noetzli suggests a new type of arched dam, the main distinguishing feature o which is that the arch is built up of separate ring somewhat in the same wav as were the brick over bridges of Brunei, though the successive rings are much thicker and are of concrete instead of brie v. Thus constructed the dam is much less stilt Itbe vertical plane than a monolithic dam of 1Ma y in a seri Physi letts I ivgaard aimenl th faci Ilprcular wl |3bends are ' th or lent bean f|one end c -th followi here y is end, me; the en nentarj denote; flection he sectioi gway. The Uv.. lormui... . fitadin si quare ine the h yield pu `inc`h. Ih ; overstrain jTwo altea |for calcua fT H E IK T he la : of the Insi son Friday