Document Ne1aXXVxYZ4jG2E5V0wDg60ng

t he du pom mncnzmE APRIL 1938 vDette/i, J/u/KLi fal' C&ette/i Aivini/. iJl/lOLlLj/l CJw/rid'uj ORGANIC RESEARCH...See Page 10 THIS PAINT STAYS WHITER J'm an old hand at this painting business. And I'm glad you folks agreed with me when 1 recommended Du Pont House Paint. "This paint is the finest house paint I know of. It's got the whitest pigments in it known to chemistry; just, see how much whiter it is than l hat house next door. "Another thing. Du Pont House Paint stays white, even in this factory city, where there's smoke and soot all over the place. This paint is what we call fself-cleaning'. It's made so that rain washes dirt right off, leaving your house as white as it is right now. Dirt just can't stick to it! "Yes sir. you're saving money by having your house painted with Du Pont House Paint. It stays whiter than other paints . . . and it needs fewer repaintings." HOUSE PAINT STARTS WHITER STAYS WHITER - SAVES MONEY r* I VOLUME XXXI! NO, 4 APRIL 1938 New Frontiers By Dr , Ch a r l e s M. A. St in e Vice-Ptesid&td, W* l, tfe Pont efc Ne-moiirs Company The text ofan address broadcast over the Columbia NehwrM, Without indulging m long-distance prediction, here February 19, as a pari of ike /. S. Department of Com merce Radio Series, "Stories of American ^Industry.** are a few "next things" that I believe will materialize within our generation. Despite the years of development ' in .the field of synthetic' textile fibers," rayon' accounts for ULES Ve r n e amazed and delighted the world of fifty little more than 7 per cent of the consumption of textile J years ago by his stories of scientific romance. Could fibers of all kinds. I foresee a vastly greater use of the' incomparable Verne be resurrected today, it synthetic textile fibers, would be Ms turn to be amazed. He would find many of : Let's look at another problem--the housing prob- ''the'creations' prills'imagination'fully"realized,........ ;....... ' "lem."Miueh' Imsheeir saftTabout'it and, so far,"little done. Curiously enough, the pioneer inventors of our But, compared with other problems that, have been machine age were taken no more seriously than was solved with the aid of science, it should be easy to Jules ...Verne*.-Benj.amiii.Franklipk.... early.. experiments.. achieve not only truly low-cost housing but, at the with electricity were ridiculed. Even the learned British same time, housing ihat is vastly better. Improved itoyal; Society was unmoved by his carefully prepared methods of construction as well as improved materials reports, Edison's first demonstration ofthe incandescent are necessary if these objectives are to be achieved. The electric lamp caused Henry Morton, president of the engineer is making much progress toward improved Stevens. Institute of Technology, to say, "Everyone methods. His ally, the chemist, is busily engaged with ".acquainted with' .as. .a voiir '"'the "development "of' better'"materials.' 'Thus, wood' can spicuous failure," Commoddre VanderbilR a leading ....be-treated ..so ..that.it ...will., .resist....fire, decay, insects .and railroad man of his time, dismissed George Westinghouse, fungi as well as the ravages of weather. Newer materials the inventor of the airbrake, with the remark that he such as plastics, coated fabrics and metals, and fireproof hadno time to waste with fools. The privately organized insulation are destined to he increasingly important. ;''telegraph;;cp|panieB declined;Ateimder; GrihamiBeiri.^ ......... What-ftbout agriculture?- Agriculture is a chemical ..offer. Io.: sell..his., telephone.for .$100,000....The..astute business, Nature, the great chemist, combines air, water,. Ohauncey Depew confessed that he warned his nephew sunshine, and a few mineral salts into countless com not to invest $5,000 in Henry Ford's company because plex products--starches, sugars, proteins, fats, oik, "nothing has come along to beat the horse and buggy." gums, resin*?, cellulose. Science will find a way to ...... In the light of modern industry, it seems incredible aid and hasten these natural processes. For instance, that these epochal discoveries 'fand inventions were there is talk of large-scale "tray" agriculture--farming derided, ridiculed and scorned. Vet neither hostile on a factory plan. public opinion, restrictive, legislation nor threat of We are learning more about plant hormones, those physical''violence'has ever' long retarded.' the efforts of obscure substances which in minute quantity can and ,,ficientific..pioiieors....Happily?...prolound...ehanges-havo.oc. do..exerdso.'.a..remarkable.influence on .plant..growth.. eurrecL in the public attitude toward scientific men and Many of the complex substances which have such a their work. Science has "arrived"; the public is eager to be informed about the latest developments; and sci0Mtists themselves are georally regarded as'an'essen-''' tiat. and. normal part of...^dety,..-Perhaps, the reason.is that virtually everyone has become more or less tech vital bearing on the normal growth, development, and possibly upon freedom from disease, in the human body, also belong to the etas of hormones. The increasingly close alliance between experimental medicine and syn thetic organic chemistry has led to the exploration of nician and amateur scientist. At 16 years our children these important organic compounds and in some cases drive the family car, and at less than that age some of them are familiar with the internal medianism* The elements of>: aviation,'radio and air conditioning' are known to millions of people. Although we may have ceased to wonder at science, we still ask, "What's nextl" to the qualitative and quantitative determination of their constitution. ............................................... . ..... The first step in the laboratory synthesis of a 'cbmpbuhd'"Is' "always'' a" complete' understanding "of the' nature and function of the various parts of the molecule. Bij Fl o r k n c r M. Sc h u l t e af o mo o n is said to have remarked, probably at is attractively finished in blond maple with a claret N the close of a hard fought battle: "What a striping. The color combinations of du Pont finishes delightful thing rest is! The* bed has become a oil this and other metal suites manufactured by the place of luxury to me, and f would not exchange it foSrimmons Company harmonize pleasantly with the deco all the thrones in the world!'1 rative schemes of bedrooms. Designs range from the Not only did the "Little Corporal" express his per classic simplicity of smaller-sized units to the smartness sonal views, ho also summed up the opinion of most of and sophistication of larger and more elaborate pieces. us. Just m the bed has become "a place of luxury," so Although metal furniture now holds an undisputed too has the bedroom taken on a new meaning in nearly position in the style world, when it first appeared a every home. Once it was not discussed socially or con sharp division of opinion arose concerning its possibili sidered a part of the house to be seen by company, but ties. Some people sold it would never win public approval; now it is thought of as a rootn that should he decorative others contended that it would mon replace wood. and really attractive. Kvery effort is made to make it Now, however, the controversy has subsided and comfortable for the owner and inviting to guests. metal has found its own particular place--not as an As in any interior setting, the artistic value of bed interloper supplanting wood furniture, but as a graceful rooms is largely dependent upon the furniture and companion. accessories selected. With the modern metal suite shown in addition to its style and beauty, the Simmons here, it is easy to achieve a note of beauty and charm. furniture offers something more. It m practical for use This group is made by the Simmons Company, nation in any climate, and the lustrous du Pont finish is as ally-known manufacturers of sleeping equipment, and easy to keep clean and sparkling as it is long-lasting. w Keep COOL, Men! Aipinaire suits, of "Acele" acetate rayon yarn, bring you hot-weather comfort Hu 1L L BmvCN Of W- Men who wear Alpinaira rtimt-er cfotbesfind dining iimi dancing cool atnmner ptcusatren. If your temper rises with the temperature . . . If you become liter ally "hot under the collar," here's news as soothing as a mountain breeze and us welcome as a pay cheek. A new summer fabric, woven of "Acctle" in com hi nation with spun rayon, has made its appearance on the textile horizon. "So what?" you ask, Weil, this fa!.>rie is used in Aipinaire suits to give greater protection from heat and humidity. The explanation is simple. Textile fibers absorb varying amounts of moisture from the at mosphere, the approximate content of the principal ones being six and one-half per cent for acetate rayon, eight and one-half for cotton, eleven for silk, twelve for liner and seven teen for wool. Since acetate rayon absorbs relatively little moisture, clothing made wholly or in part of "Acele" will not become damp and cling to the body, hut will resist wrinkling and rcumin crisp and freshIooking even on high-humidity days. Threads of "Acele" are twisted with threads of spun rayon short lengths of rayon fiber spun like cotton to form the fabric, which is then dyed, finished and cut up for Aipinaire suits. TheGaynesClothingCorporation, of 275 Seventh Avenue, Mew York City, who make a range of men's garments fur business, sports and evening wear, now come upon the scene. They are making up these attractive new suits In a wide va riety of colors, including browns. Ihmhu's.s- mat who kerfi cppohifmcnta a, writs of thin new summer fabric cm? disregard the climbing thermometer. blues and grays, as well as the light shades always popular in summer suitings. Dinner coats are in black or white. Their entire line features superior construction, custom-made appearance and high style. With these all-important factors thus neatly handled by the garment maker, and with cool comfort con tributed by Du Font: "Acele," men are at last getting a break! :s Concluding the stiff of "Cellophane" cellulose film h e p r o c e s s for the manufacture Tof this transparent cellulose film was discovered thirty years ago. The story of its development, its intro duction ia this country and its wide spread use have been discussed recently hi this magazine. So much for the past and present of `'Cello phane.5' What of its future? Where this extremely interesting chemical product- will next find new7 applica tions is merely suggested by some of its present ones. The horizons of its use are con stantly broadening. "Cellophane" cellulose? lihii has successfully passed through onestage when it'was viewed largely as a merchandising novelty, and through a secondary period when, stimulated by a notable suc cession of price reductions made possible through increasing volume and greater manufacturing effi ciency, it rose on the crested waive of an amazing popularity. Nothing like it had happened since the ad vent of the "flivver/5 Cartoonists drew pictures of "Cellophane" wrappings on new-born babies and Presidential aspirants; vaudeville comedians cracked jokes about it. Parlor magicians onterrained guests with unusual performances, such as tying a knot- in a cigarette wrapped in the film, stepping on the* cigar ette or doubling it over, then, after undoing the knot removing the cigarette and smoking it- all with out breaking the tissue-paper roll. Others crumpled "Cellophane" wrappers, placed them in a glass of water to simulate cracked ice. Since then "Cellophane" has settled down to perform a more serious service of protection, and to demonstrate its usefulness in the marts of trade. Its greatest value is, and will prob ably continue to be, in the packaging field, where it meets three vitally im portant requirements. One is com plete transparency. When merchan dise is wrapped in "Cellophane," the consumer is not only assured of its freshness and cleanliness, but she can also see exactly and to advan tage what she is buying. Trol.i?ciioii from dirt and soilage is another service the film accom plishes. Delicate; silk hosiery, lingerie and writing paper are protected and kept spotlessly clean when wrapped in "Cellophaue.5' Moreover, be cause the film is absolutely germproof it has won the approval of health authorities who are con cerned with establishing higher standards of public sanitation. In addition, when moistureproof film is employed, cakes, cigars and cigarettes remain fresh and keep their original taste or favor much longer than was possible before. Conversely,mokiurt;j)roof "Cellophane" prevents crackers from becoming soggy, and keeps hard candies from absorbing moisture and sticking together. Aside from these functions, "Cel lophane" has found its way into many other fields. As a decorative medium, for instance, it has great potentialities. A Parisian milliner, experimenting, found that st rips of the dim could be woven and braided with novel effects. This started a vogue that is still continuing. Textile manufacturers, drawn by the beauty and luster of "Cello phane." opened another avenue of expansion. Narrow ribbons of the film have been "woven into cloth, providing brilliant high-lighting ac cents for dress fabrics and drapery materials. Lamination of "Cello phane" to other products is another recen fly-developed use-..one that is somewhat paradoxical inasmuch as Dr. Brundenberger's early experi mental work was an attempt in that direction. By this means textile goods are given a sheen, and finemesh fabric may be converted into a practical material for shoe-bags, dress covers and other protective articles. "Cellophane" is employed in the manufacture of wall covering, rugs, curtains, shoes and handbags. It- is used extensively for homo craft, table appointments, party decora tions and other kinds of beauty touches for the house. At Christmas time, an ever-increasing number of people are "wrapping their gifts with this colorful and attractive film. m Cr/forfit.? "f 'rlhiphunS' curtain? vm ready to han-g mid arc cthty to dram The theatrical world soon learned of the adaptability of Ihk product for coiftumes and stage properties. Radio technicians are using ii to obtain certain sound effects, such as the crackling of a forest tire. Gar deners cover growing plants with it to offset sudden changes hi the weather and to safeguard against the ravages of insects. The elect rival industry has ckveloped a wide range of uses, chiefly in connection with the winding of motor armatures, magneto wires and condensers. Narrow, colored ribbons of t he film are placed later ally under the outer covering of insulated wires, to identify them when they are "bunched" in cables. Drinking straws, sanitary hoods for milk bottles, raendhig tape and hundreds of oilier products are now manufactured from "Cellophane." A list of articles wrapped in the transparent film might begin with the original document of the Decla ration of Independence and include a miscellany of mops, candles, pick les, baby carriages, shoe laces, spark plugs, golf balls, violin strings, hot water bottles, nipples, plated silver, suspenders, rose bushes, oil paint ings, clocks, statuary, a cle luxe edition of the New York Herald d .. Hum t- t "Before i After" Houses .... i i 1* 1 A demonstration of the j effectiveness of Du Pont Prepared Paint *5 r... .. sir'-.-.-asr ...... 1 `f..... . -t -t J mi i i n!iip ms1f *ui1111jiiii!11i 111!i 11h itNii!11M111 . .*. * 1 I - _ j * # I If Y ,?-r ... i S I t If >4 *'O'1 BEFORE-Afl* HOUSE iiM CpsfUf^sw-M H : -vi S'it- I T I if- U it { S. If ;v.'r/ )ii. 'll ' ,-U O'- St !!, ii'hto inlifl'tuhi-- l< H-no'rd i il ill ti '/ ;i lit 'I i . A I) </ |" l` h'r <" '< ytiiii' trUrr if fHI. 7 /)( PrO, ' fi.i'fi'H ./,?< .// jriiii III 'i'l I'lir'-i'iljhl tirul }`!`i-I: n t/ii'ii'ff >' " <>J ! !' roii:-- ,Vi ,`ir i ntf .ir'iC;--!. t; . 1 Ihj G. S. Oa r s t in - k Y. S. Highway -10, between Columbus and hold their gloss and assure more years o! brightness, O Springfield, Ohio, there is a most curious sight. newness and that freshly-painted appearance that is h o One-half of each side of an old farmhouse has desirable. But the outstanding advantage is that they been painted a brilliant white with a green trim. Thheold their color far longer than ordinary trim colors, other half has been left unpointed. The startling con and are less likely to become dark because of mildew. trast between these sections is dramatic testimony of This color-retention value has been proved many times what painting can do for a house. That's one purpose by long-service tests wherever Du Pont Trim & Trellis of this unique demonstration. Another is to visualize in finishes have been used, and eventually it will he demon an eye-arresting way the technical advances made in strated on the "Before & After" House. formulating white and green house paints. The protective and preservative powers of du Pont Only a glance at this so-called "Before & After" paints are revealed by striking contrasts. On the im- House is necessary to see how thill, drab, unattractive painted side will be seen old, dry hoards where rain, houses can he restored to now beauty by painting with snow, sleet, driving wind and parching sun have worn du Pont paints. People who have seen the house say, to roughness what once was a smooth, even surface, "That's the whitest white I have ever Been.5' There is a the pride of the builder. When rains come, water will reason hack of this whiteness. It is the result of skillful soak into 1 hose porous boards, will lodge in 1:1k ? tiny blending of oils and pigments by du Pont chemists and cracks and crevices, and cause further deterioration. the use of a new type of pigment...titanium oxide Close inspection of the film of du Pont paint, reveals which has produced a revolution in the paint industry that tin? wood Is truly protected from these agencies, because it combines whiteness, hiding power and it shows how the paint film stands guard against the* chemical stability. ruinous effects of the weather. And the most interesting thing about: this whiteness The next time you drive through Ohio on lb S. is that it is more nearly permanent than has been possible Route 40, keep on the lookout for the "Before & After" heretofore. 1 n the past, white paints soiled quickly ami House. Or, if you are in the vicinity of Bethlehem or became dingy, because dirt and dust from the atmos Allentown, In eastern Pennsylvania, drive out the phere settled on the. surface, became imbedded in the Suhueiiersville Pike to view another house similarly paint film and usually stayed there until the house was painted. Stop and inspect the paint film and note what it repainted. Houses painted with Du Pont Outside White does. In a few minutes you'll be convinced that painting maintain a cleaner appearance because certain chemical both for protection and appearance is wortit while. characteristics help this paint to clean itself. The composition of the paint is such that a fine white powder forms on the surface fairly early in the life of a paint film. As this powder is washed away by rainstorms, it carries off the accumulation of dirt and dust, and as a result the house retains its beautiful whiteness throughout the life of the film. And this self cleaning advantage has been achieved without affecting durability or protection the properties that have made Du Pont Prepared Paint a leader in the house paint- market through the years. A contrasting color note for the "Before & After" House is provided by Du Pont- Trim Sc Trellis, Dark Green, which is used for all exterior shutters and trim. PA!* T i 'Prim An Trellis Finishes, too, have some notable prop erties. They are of the MDou>x" type and dry matethan ordinary trim paints, thus minimizing the hazard of spoilage due to sudden rainstorms. Moreover, they diAXu-bl :Ttb w, HauBe-m-SGkmmtmUle Pike mar Allentown. Pa. As you dme awayjrom the hrntm in either direction, other road signs such as the one shown, hem announce the outstanding qualities of du Pont paints This Seal means Fast Color A new symbol of color fastness protects the consumer P TUB t h r e e essentials....food, shelter and clothing --it's probably true that mankind knows least about the last. If his food is unsuitable, nature very quickly makes that fact clear. If shelter ts unsuit able, he hurtw that quickly too, and that is true of clothing, considered merely ns a means of protection. But the fact is that clothing m not worn for pro tection alone. It has an emotional appeal and much of its value in this respect is achieved through the use of color. Whether garments will fade is not usually deter mined until after a considerable lapse of time. It is one of the strange paradoxes of life that Textiles of ail kinds, which have been utilized for clothing all through the years, usually have been accepted, not on knowledge bid on faith, in so far as color permanence is concerned. Most of us are sensitive to the appeal of color. Most of us have definite ideas as to what we expect of the colors in the things we buy. Tf the client is pleasing, we warn it to be permanently m, yet who has not had some sad experience with color failure? Who has not seen some favorite article lose its appeal and service ability, as the colors faded or streaked after a compara tively short period of use? How many of us have returned merchandise to stores and demanded adjustment? Reputable merchants usually make replacements or credit the customer's account with the value of the goods. They want their customers to be satisfied. However, in many cases at least, the merchant him self does not know whether the colors in the goods he sells are dependably fast or not. He, too, accepts them on faith from the converter or manufacturer. Color fastness cannot be seen. Fabrics pass through many hands between the spinning mill and the retail store. Materials are often labeled "Color Fast," "Wash Fast," "Tub Fast" or "Sun Fast" to reassure the purchaser, and these labels are usually applied by the garment maker or by the manufacturer, who may or may not know the fastness properties of the dyestuffs used, or whether they were properly applied. It is not to be expected that each merchant can possibly test each and every article that he sells. Consequently, the question of color fastness is often left to chance, or the merchandise is not sold under a guarantee. There is under way a movement, sponsored by responsible operators in the textile industry, to disclose all the facts ubou~ the fabrics and garments which are sold over the? counter. Retailers have sincerely tried to find out the fast ness properties of the merchandise they sc11. They sought to fix definite terms with definite meanings. They analyzed the causes of color failure reported by customers, and from this data learned the degree of fastness that the consumer has a right to expect, as applied to a long list of textile articles. Then they determined the degree of color fastness the dyer could produce on these articles. From this has come a new set of fastness specifications, and those materials that measure up to these standards am now being identified by the "Color-Tested" seal illustrated on the opposite page, Du Pont chemists and practical technicians collab orated in developing the specifications of color fastness for the materials. Fabrics will he tested at the Official Laboratory of the National Retail Dry Goods Associa tion, the Better Fabrics Testing Bureau, and only those fabrics that conform to the requirements of consumer service will be permitted to carry the official seal. A few examples will suffice to show bow the "ColorTested" seal will protect the consumer: Draperies may carry the seal only after they pass the laboratory tests for color fastness to prolonged ex posure to light, tu water spotting, and to dry cleaning or washing, in each of the last two cases depending upon the nature of the fabric. Upholstery fabrics wall be tested for moderate fast ness to light, to nibbing, to perspiration, and to washing or dry cleaning. Wearing apparel will he tested for moderate fastness to light, to washing or dry cleaning, rubbing and per spiration. While it is not possible to certify by this means that every fabric is absolutely color fast, or that it will not fade under severe conditions of abuse or misuse, the seal will, nevertheless, give assurance that satisfactory colors have been specified and correctly applied for the use to which the fabrics will he put. Customers who buy "Color-Tested" fabrics will know that if they treat them with reasonable care, there is little possibility of color failure during the nor mal service life of the materials. The "Color-Tested" seal and the plans for its use were announced at the annual convention of the National Retail Dry Goods Association at Now York City in February. Very little merchandise bearing this seal has yet found its way to market. However, the movement for its broad adoption by the trade is fast gaining momentum and it is expected that many fab rics bearing the seal will soon he available. The Du Pont Dyestuffs Division is fully in accord with the objectives of the "Color-Tested" program and assistance will be rendered to manufacturers and re tailers in identifying and advertising "Color-Tested" fabrics to the public. The use of this seal by manufac turers in no way depends upon the typo or make of the dyestuffs used. The Company's interest in the program is solely that of helping the industry develop and use a mark of color quality that may be relied upon as a dependable guide for the consumer. (9] ........................... The hot-iron test is important to consumers. Lahouflorij M far fust mr s In perspiration. normal destructiveness, one finds hi> land ruined for farm use, Or.ee gullies take definite form, the water coursing through their, gnaws away their flunks with aston PUBLISHED AND COPYRIGHT 1938 BY E i-DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO incorj?ti>ratti WILMINGTON DEL AWARF -11- S- A- ishing rapidity. Thousands of farms all over the country have been cutthrough with gullies, which have increased in size from small ditches to gorges many feet wide, and from jubs::rir:1io;i 'I- I .'JO r.c year E-R-MANCHESTER- EDITOR ten to thirty feet- deep. If left un checked. these guides will widen 'pay wlK all artkiss ond lia^naiirjrc i:!<c.(.-n ll o'.r- c.;rv,ma sp`;r-jl copy? -?hi. rapidly until whole farms are de stroyed, either by the encroach ments of the gully itself, or by the VOL XXXII April 1938 NO * 4 irreplaceable top noil which it will sluice away every time it rains. The building of cheek dams \s essential to retard the action, hut once a formidable gully has taken CHARGES RETRACTED shape, the all-important factor in its control is the soil-binding effect F KIWl^A NT* UHNOBERC, author, and the Vanguard Press, pub of vegetation planted in its bottom and along its lower sides. This lisher, of the hook America*a (tt) means, of course, that a suitable Fmtdlh'x, have publicly retracted, soil must he provided in order to the sialenierds in that hook charg sustain plant, life. The problem, ing fraud against K. 1. du Pont de therefore, is one of finding some eco Nwnours & Company with respect nomical way to east fertile top roil to contracts which the Company down into the bottom and to change had with the United States Govern the slope of the hanks enough so ment during the World War. They that small trees and plants will he? have acknowledged that- these state encouraged to grow. ments were unfounded, have agreed to expunge from future editions of The use of machine tools is usu ally out of the question, and hand the hook the mutter complained of, and the Company's suit, for libel work, with pick and shovel, entails a prohibitive labor cost. That is why against the author and publisher many land owners do nothing and has been dismissed. let nature take its course. The du Pont Company felt ob Agricultural engineers and ero liged in this instance to call to ac sion-control experts know how to count those who made accusations stop the growth of a large gully by so grossly false that they could no! blasting down its precipitous upper he overlooked. The libel suit was sides and scattering part of the top based on only a few of them. In soil across the gully bottom. They dismissing its suit the du Pont say, moreover, that blasting im Company does nut. admit the cor proves the condition of the soil; that rectness of other sUtiemtmls pub trees and grass grow better and lished about it in the book. more quickly as u result of the? pul verizing action. Usually from eighty to ninety per cent of the tree seed GULLY EROSION CONTROL A FIK1JD once robbed of its top soil is forever deprived of that fertility. Each year billions of tons of soil are wished away by the uncontrolled forces of water. lings planted on blasted areas sur vive mid Nourish. Certain low-cost, slow-acting dynamites have been developed ex pressly for gully-hank shooting. County agents, extension workers connected with agricultural colleges Give a little gully enough lime to and makers of industrial explosives extend its width and depth un will be glad to show any land owner checked, and if condit ions are favor- how explosives may best be em able for nature to operate with ployed Lo help control soil erosion. MODERN CRYSTAL GAZING Pic t u r ed on the cover page is a universal goniometer one of the few in this country. Paradox ically, too, it was originally designed for the study of small inorganic crystals by mineralogists. Du Pont research chemists employ ix for the analysis of new synthetic organic compounds in an extremely broad and promising field. Analysis aceorrpanics synthesis; moreover, these products when re ceived are often extremely complex. But with precision instruments, of which the goniometer is one, exact quantitative measurements of the physical properties of such mixtures can be made. Research has pointed the way to many new materials of commercial value. Eighty-ode products of syn thesis have been developed by the Ammonia Department basically from air, water and coal, and `'Lueite" methyl methacrylate resin, a crystal-clear plastic, is one of them. Du Tout- is producing "Bet ter Things for Better Living . . . through Chemistry," in pari because its research workers haveexceptional laboratory facilities for study and creative work. WHAT'S NEW Mk e e are the first thermometer cases produced by the injection molding process and they are made of Du Pont `Tlastacele" cellulose acetate molding powder. The eases are molded by Salz Brothers, Inc,, New York City, for the Taylor In strument Company. And, by the way. it is said that one can read the now Taylor Binoc thermometer pictured here three times faster than previous types. i 10 ! Pesky Pests Industry is waging war on them on many fronts and with an effective du Pont chemical that works well in a lethal chamber . . . M`an is not the only creature that aspires to a higher standard of living. Insects and rodents are also strongly in clined to share the same benefits-- and they do so wherever there is a chance to obtain food, water, heat and shelter. Under such conditions they multiply rapidly and become exceediiigly des1 rucitve. Although the pest menace started ages ago when man first, began stor ing food for future use, the ravages of these creatures have become more and more apparent in recent gen erations because of industrial devel opments and the great growth of urban communities. Transport agencies have helped to carry pests to locations where, secure from natural euem'es, they have become a definite menace to human life and property. According :o estimates, each rat in this country costs the people of the United States a dollar a year: and there is at least one rat to every resident. But the rat is only one of some *70,000 species of insect: and rodent pests that injure foodstuffs, animals, man himself and his prod ucts. Larder beetles, grain worms and weevils alone account for prop erty losses naming into millions of dollars annually. The toll taken by 11 insects and rodents in food-process ing plants, storage centers, ware houses, office buildings, ships, public institutions and private homes can not he estimated with even a fair degree? of accuracy. Fortunately, chemistry has pro vided effective means for combating these pests. Hats, mice, cockroaches, bedbugs and Ileus in home* and ships; insects that infest flour, cemiln, meats and other food eommoriitiesiii industrial establishments and frequently in households us well in'ti'1 vt: f.'/T ! a !ii \ <!.<. ; n nr/'; /'.. j' ,!) . e>: r -ii, t.rn rb-'fi- >< ) <u /i f'tij!.1: i! :i !ii Vs lyy .'. '.n r>i/i d _ min "l 't'uf'fiiJt" !'<,!i >' l!r`i ''?> ( !( rrii!. T'.L tjn: !.' tli'(fi)'/1 lu !hr cVK "tii.il rfm ))< !!>/ !<: fH\ itnn, .V.ii'A imUt-.:'- `i, >n 0-!, { <> > "f ``jar `Hi " - can be controlled by fumigation. The equipment and materials are row in common use for the control ol inserts in raw materials and fin ished products of many kinds. Fumigation involves the release of a gas or vapor, preferably one that will kill pests in all life stages from egg to adult. Buildings may he treat ed as a whole or only in infested portions, if the structure permits. A vault for fumigation is advan tageous where there is a hazard of insect infestation in goods brought into a plant, and likewise when the products leave si plant, to go into storage. Such goods, on arrival, can he fumigated thoroughly in the vault without interfering with other plant operations. The degree of care to ho exercised depends of course upon the nature of 1 he product and i is use. Control of pests in commodities, such as imported cotton, where fumigation is required by Jaw to prevent the spread of insects into uninfested regions, is also accom plished in the same way. Likewise, tobacco in bales, causes and hogs heads is fumigated by the vacuum method which can he successfully applied to packaged goods so that the fumigant will reach the inner most paits of the material to be treated. This is accomplished by means of a specially constructed air-tight chamber in which the bales, boxes or bags are shut in and sealed. A vacuum pump exhausts the air within the chamber, whereupon the fumigant is admitted, and it pene- i ff v The Poison Dam A few notes about one of the world's largest water storage projects primarily for the development of hydroelectric power in a deep gorge below Montana's largest natural lake Luokfng fawn from ihc heigh!x, lottowing a rook hhis! -in the v,in:!,in( ntto-rc *u t c mnjoAs were made for the dam. Through the smoke gon. ralrh a glimpse, of tfu riper. By J. H. Mc Gr a t h l a n c e at. a map of Montana, and in the northTM G_ western corner you will readily locate Glacier National Park, with its western boundary the Flathead River flowing southward from the Canadian Hockics. Follow its course? and you will note that it leads into Flathead Lake., which is thirty miles long and fifteen miles wide the largest natural water body in the State. The drainage area above it embraces about GOOD square miles, and the annual river flow averages about 7,000,000 acre feet. At the south end of the lake, below Tolson. the river sweeps through a rocky canyon, dropping about 185 feet in four miles, and then Hows down to join Clark Fork and on through the Columbia River basin to the sea. Nearly thirty years ago the IT. S. Bureau of Recla mation recognized the power-development possibilities of ihc? gorge site and started a small project to pump irrigation water on adjacent lands of the Flathead Reser vation. But it was not until 1950 when the Rocky Mountain Power Company, a subsidiary of the Mon tuna Power Company, began to construct a diversion tunnel 1,800 feet long and twenty-three feet in diameter that any major effort was made to harness the river and put it to work. The operations were suspended the following year, due to the depression, and not resumed until August of last year. Increased mining activity in Montana and the need for more electric power in con nection with the construction of Fort Peck Dam are largely responsible for efforts to complete the present work program this summer. WHAT IS BEING DUNG The project involves the building of a concrete arch dam 200 feet high to control the storage of 1,100,000 acre feet of water in Flathead Lake, including 50,000 acre feet of storage for irrigation needs on the lands of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of the Flnthush Reservation; the construction of a penstock twenty-live feet in diameter leading to the power house Where the river takes a right-angle turn, presenting an Unusually advantageous site for that structure. The first unit, now under construction, will produce 5(1,000 kw., hut the ultimate capacity will be 112,000 kw., when a 'second turbine is installed and another penstock is completed. -. THE DAM As pictured on the facing page the dam consists of an arch section with concrete thrust blocks at both ends. The arch is forty-live feet thick at the base, twenty-five feet at the top and, including the material in the thrust blocks and apron, culls for the placementof 77,000 cubic yards of concrete. Control of the water over the spillway will be achieved by means of fourteen vertical roller-type gates placed along the entire crest of the dam. The work on the site of the dam has involved the excavation of 120,000 cubic yards of rock, a very hard gray quartzite, and 60,non cubic yards at the power house location. One of the difficult tasks was the scaling of weathered rock from the 500-foot cliff over the power house. Following the bench method, jackhammers were used to drill holes six feet deep on four-foot centers. They were loaded with Du Font 40 per cent Special Gelalin and fired with i)u Pont Electric Blasting Caps. By this means the desired hack-slope was held and ex cessive overhreak in the seamy formation was avoided. Construction work at the dam site also presented a special problem, because it was necessary to safeguard against a possible movement of the west abutment, due to ix 27" dip of the rock and its cleavage, planes. To stabilize this material, three-inch diamond-drill holes were made In it to a depth of forty feet and about 450 steel dowels were inserted and securely anchored to the tight underlying quartzite. This is one of the unusual construction features. Another is the fact that the mate rials for dam building wore handled by gravity from the side of the cliff. TVNNEf.ING The 1,800-foot diversion tunnel, previously men tioned, was completed in 1926, One of the two pressure tunnels or penstocks is now under construction; the second will be undertaken later. Both are to be of horseshoe shape, twenty-five feet in diameter. 790 feet long and lined with concrete, supplemented by 110 feet of steel pipe connecting directly with the turbines. The center heading and ring-shooting method was used in driving the first 100 feet of the tunnel, and the bench and heading method thereafter. H. B. Cochrane, chief engineer of the Montana Power Company, is in charge of this project. The work is being done tinder contract- by the Phoenix Engineering Corporation of New York City, with C. II. TornquiHt, general superintendent; R. W. Sponsor, resident engineer, and James Tray nor, construction superintendent. r i-> i The Old Used Cars ...they "ain't" what they used to be! Iii un overcrowded market, modern methods of reconditioning and refmishing further the sale of used ears and offer prospective car-owners values unheard of a few years ago Hit Ro b e r t P. Mil l e r k x k any automobile manufacturer or motor car /\ dealer what the highest problem of the industry JL Hl . is. Invariably he will answer: "Used curs!" And there's a real reason for this reply. Since when new car models were first announced in the early full iinstead of in January, dealers' stocks of '`trade-ins" have grown larger with each season. From the beginning, it was noted that a fall sales peak piled up burdensome stocks of used earn in dealers' lots. Many of these ears could not be sold until early spring. So slow was ihe turnover that some dealers were carrying as much as thirty-five per cent above normal stocks. And with spring, still more used cars were turned in for new ones. Inventories grew' even larger. Kadi year the? condition has become worse. Recent surveys show that dealers have a stock of more than 700,000 second-hand automobiles. This moans that for every new ear a dealer sells he must sell two old ones to cut down Ids inventory. Obviously, the sale of new cars depends largely upon the removal of old ones from the* showrooms and lots. Because of this situation, automobile manufac turers have joined forces with the dealers to "dignify" used ears. They have conducted "clink?*" throughout the country. Dealers everywhere have received expert courses of instruction in reconditioning used cars in both mechanism and appearance. Most of them now* have facilities to increase the value of these "step-children" to prospective buyers. Reconditioning may once have meant a hasty washing, tuning up of the? motor and perhaps a replace ment of a spark plug or two. But today most used cars go through a much different treatment. Worn or dam aged mechanical parts are either repaired or replaced; tires are conditioned for safe driving; new glass is put in where needed; new floor mats are substituted for old ones; upholstery and all interior surfaces are cleaned and torn places are mended. Iri short, mast used cars are now thoroughly checked and reconditioned from radiator to tail-light before? they are placed on sale. And dealers make sure that their curs look right, for appearance? is the most Important single influence in the sale of a used automobile, 1 )ezits or bumps in tenders and bodies are skillfully removed; tires, tops and run ning-hoards are cleaned and painted to present u fresher, newer look; motors are given a coal of enamel. Scratch*?* or broken places in the finish an* carefully retouched in a matching color. If .the finish has become battered or shabby from hard use and exposure, the entire car is completely refinished. As shown by the illustrations here, the used car is made to look like new again. In "appearance" reconditioning, du Pont refmishing materials have long been favorites. "Duoo" lacquer and "Dulux." enamel ..the same finishes used by many automobile manufacturers--have brought new beauty to thousands of used cars in operation today. With automobile rehnishing now* Of so much im portance to used car dealers, the recent development of a new* du Pont automotive finish came at the right time. This new material, known as Automotive "Pyralux." combines certain desirable features of "Puco" and "Dulux." It has a high initial luster that virtually eliminates rubbing and polishing. It dries very quickly. In addition, it is so formulated that it is an excellent finish for retouching "Dulux" and baked synthetic finishes because repair spots will not show up badly after exposure. Thus, with "Pyralux," used cars are economically given a glossy new appearance with less labor than is required with other finishes. And, because "Pyralux" dries so quickly, used cars are not tied up for more than a few hours. Current newspapers carry listings of thousands of good "buys." Smart-looking cars with plenty of service are being offered at extremely reasonable prices in show rooms or on used ear lots. IM i e lustrous Jinwh mmntled by Ehi Pont liDuco,'> Dk Ik i," or "Pyrahv." Fishes Beware! There's something new under the water lights that do not emanate from deep sea fish, hut that are made to attract them. The SumCatch Lure Company of Irvington, JMewJersey, goes a step beyond lures that wiggle, dart, jump and wabble, and are producing a new kind that contains an electric light. Tests off the Florida coast; have shown that a little wattage in the waters brings in saiiiish, amberjack, kingfish and marlin with unusual success. The illuminated lure, called Lur-o-lite, has been given trial runs and hearty approval by volaran fishermen of southern waters. It was commer cially introduced at the Sportsmen's Show in New York. To construct an illuminated fish lure it was necessary to have a ma terial that was translucent or trans parent, water-resistant, capable of threading or grooving, and of suflident strength to resist the slashing attack of hundreds of pounds of fighting fish. The assignment was met by Du Tout "Plastaeele" cellu lose acetate molding powder which Is prepared by the Boon ton Molding Company for the Sure-Cateh Lure Company. In a machine tension test, the lure withstood a pull of 480 pounds. In actual service mats the line has broken, hut never the lure. Things are looking too bright for the poor fish to resist. That is un derstandable, considering how even human livings respond to the lure of the bright lights in every city. New Frontiers (f'ntillmy-i frinH f'arje Ihir) When we are able to synthesize all of the various hormones so impor tant to the human body, it will place at our disposal these products, to be prescribed by physicians in carefully measured doses, not only for the control of the body's normal growth and development, but prob ably for the prevention of many diseases. In many instances, disease is caused by the breakdown of the normal operation of the human machine, and this is coupled with the development of abnormal chem ical compounds and chemical reac tions of the human body which we call sickness or ill health. Therefore, a more complete knowledge of the hormones and their laboratory syn thesis will be a forward stop of groat importance to the human race. An increasingly close alliance be tween experimental medicine and the fields of synthetic organic chem istry and that of physical research is much to be desired, and, as in other fields in which scientific re search has been applied, will result in better living and greater happi ness for millions of people. What Next! (OYiitihM.d ft'-m }`agv. Fw:} Tribune, and ever a three-story bouse as an advertising promotion. "Cellophane" cellulose film has taken its place in the commercial complexity of the modern world. It has become so definitely a factor in present-day, aggressive merchan dising that its future is assured in the fields where it is already known and used. The future of "Cellophane"? Who can say where it will be found useful next? The ingenuity of man is the only measure. Reviewing the phe nomenal growth and tremendous success of the product since Its modest beginning on this continent, we must salute, once more, the man who is most responsible for its invention and early development Dr. J. E. Brandenberger. No t h : This concludes ike series of three articles on "Cclhpha'ne..7' .4 booklet eonf<lining 'he entire series will she,Hip he prepared* and copies may be obtained by writing io the ^Cellophane" Division, du Pent Compuny, WHminglon.Delaware. Pesky Pests trales the material all the way through, killing any insect that may be in it. One. of the most effective fumi gants thus far developed for enclosed structures is hydrocyanic acid gas, HON. It was first used successfully by California fruit growers in 1886 to destroy cochineal insects infesting lemon trees. Since then the product has rapidly come into use in mills, factories, ships and dwellings, both in this country and in South Amer ica. One of the best-known means of generating this gas involves the use of du Pont sodium cyanide, trade marked "Cyanegg." The term is suggestive, for the product is pressed into the shape of eggs, each contain ing one ounce of the material. Fumigating a warehouse with TJCN gas generated from iiCyanytjgf' by the barrelgenerator method. Note the gm and vapor rising from the barrel. Insect control by means of fumi gation has developed into a wellestablished field of service for carefully-trained men who know the habits of insects and pests and who can administer the highly toxic HCN gas in a safe but effective manner. "Cyanegg" is manufactured by the R. & H. Chemicals Department. It should he used only by professional pest control operators or by respon sible and experienced men. The R. & H. technical staff may he called upon to assist In arranging details for all types of "Cyanegg" fumiga tions whether they involve the use of special vacuum chambers, atmos pheric vaults, localized areas or entire buildings. ...................... [ 16 j .................... j ...to see who would sleep and who would shiver REG.U. S.PAT.OFF- NEOPRENE E. I. DU PONT D E NEMOURS & CO., INC. RUBBER CHEMICALS DIVISION WILMINGTON, DELAWARE ma g in e wind so fierce that men had I to crawl on hands and knees against it. Imagine cold so intense that faces had to be muffled in woolen masks. Put these two together. Add black nightfall on a snowy plateau high in BritishColumbia's little-explored coastal range. And you have a fair picture of the Mt. Waddington Expedition's final camp-site before they scaled the peak. There were four tents . . . two made of fabric impregnated with neoprene. These two neoprene tents had shown that they wouldn't crack in intense cold and high-altitude sunlight. They alone were intact . . kept the bitter wind out and the warmth in. So the party drew lots to see who were the lucky sleepers that night. It's u nlikely that you either make tents or climb mountains. We mention this little story just to illustrate another of the widespread uses of neoprene, du Pout's remarkable chloroprene rubber. It is likely, however, that right in your plant neoprene can serve many uses where rubber or other materials fail. Write for your copy of our inter esting, illustrated, 24-page handbook describing the remarkable properties of neoprene. PRINTED IN U. S. A.