Document Nb2O3mmgDm98aok79Z2LB6kR

INCORPORATED >901 ESTABLISH CO ANO MAINTAINED BY THE JfaUunaliioaiCofSuv Qn^nprttns ro sekvicc* not profit 207 EAST OHIO STREET. CHICAGO illaoollr.noous Hazard Ho. 2498 Applioatlon Ho. 32C1907 Fotoruiry 3, 1934. REPORT on HJBRICAHT Swann Chomloal Co., How York, H.Y. </> J*. MQNS 060198 Q' i ;, TABLE OF CONTENTS ------------------1----------------- ' p*-13O*, DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................... 1 CLAIMS MADE FOR THE PRODUCT.................................................... 2 PLAN OF INVESTIGATION.................................................................. 2 EXAMINATION AND TEST RECORD.................................................... 3 RECORD IN SERVICE................................................................................. 17 THE SUBMITTOR...........................................................................................17 CONCLUSIONS..................................... 18 RECOMMENDATION o- MCNS 060199 PMrUinUtOtJi i* 0.8. AM.-M" A. *. SMALL. rwCtlOCNT C. R. WKL.AONN. SKCMCTAMV h. . MKAOCN. TAKAWNN WNtrco ar*rcs amo cana&a CHICAGO. 20? (. OHIO ST. new vonk. iti Sixth avc. SAN rRANCISCO. SIS COHMtACIAU ST. r ^ INCORPORATED 1001 ESTABLISHED AND MAINTAINED BY THE BrtiunalBomiloFSitieQna^npntfis roa SEfwicc-NOTpnorir 207 EAST OHIO STREET. CHICAGO ^ Miscellaneous Hazard No. 2498 Application No. 32C1907 February 3, 1934 REPORT on HJBRICANT I Swann Chemical Co., . New York, N.Y. i DESCRIP T I 0 N 0SN3RAI, CHARACTER AND USE: Tho product.which ia the subject of this report,is a synthotio oil consisting of a mixture of chlorinated hydrooarbdns. It is made in several grades having different viscosities. The color of the three grades submitted varies from light yellow1to deep golden yellow. It is intended for use as a general lubricant and particularly for the lubrication of steam turbines operating with high temperature steam. MARKING: . "Swanoo", 80 to 150, stenciled on con tainers* MOMS 06C20C HH.2498 CLAIMS MADE FOR T II 3 PRODUCT The manufacturer claims that the product is a distlnot improvement in lubricating oils' in respect to fire hazard. It has no fire point and is relatively nonflammable. PLAN OF INVESTIGATION The object of this investigation was to de termine the nature of tho recommendation to bo made rolativo to tho fire and toxio hazard of tho product. In planning tho investigation consideration was givon to tho Gonoral Haturo of the product, its Firo and Toxio Hazard, Stability, and Uniformity. Tho manner of investigation of oaoh of thoso phases is givon bolow. 1 GENERAL NATURE; ' Information as to tho gonoral nature of tho product was obtainod by moans of Idontifioation Tosts. FIRE AND TOXIC HAZARD: Tho firo hazard of tho product was invostigated in rospoot to flammability, ignition temporaturo, oxplosibillty, and decomposition temporaturo,- Tho produots of decomposition wero investigated in rospoot to flammability and oxplosibillty. Considoratlon was also givon to the toxicity of tho fumos produced on contact with flnmo or by dooomposition of tho product. Thoso foatores wars oovsrad by Flash Point Tests, Fire Point Tests, Vapor Pressure Determinations, Ignition Temperature Tests, Explosibility of Vapors Test in ' specially designed apparatus, 3xplosive Range Tosts, and Analytical Tosts of Produots of Decomposition. STABILIg: Information on this phase of the investi gation was obtainod from tho Dooomposition Tosts and from oonsidoiration of tho ahomloal nature of tho produo t. 1 ' I HONS 060201 MH2498 -3 - uniformity: As the methods of manufacture are subject to reasonably definite control, a detailed investi gation of this feature was not required. EXAMINATION AND TEST RECORD , DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES The manufacturer supplied for testing the following samples: 1 can (12 lb.) "Swanco 80" 2 oans(24 lb.) "Swanco 100" 1 oan (12 lb.) "Swanco 150" , < " The first and last samples were furnished as representative respectively of the minimum and maximum chlorine content, corresponding to the minimum and maximum viscosity of the product suitable for lubrication of modern steam turbines. The second sample was supplied as one between the other two in chlorine oontent and viscosity. For use in comparative tosts two samples of ordinary oommorclal turbine oil wero obtained by Underwriters1 Laboratories. Thoso samples are des ignated as Samplo "A" and Samplo "B". --ID--ENTIFICA--TI--ON--TE--STS: 1 ; METHODS Spoelflo gravity - Tho specific gravity at 15.S C(60 S') with rospootto wator at tho saijio tomporaturo was detorminod by moans of a pyonomotor. Flash Point - The flash point tost was made with tho Ponsky-Martons closod cup tostor, using tho standard A.S.T.M. mothod for this instrument. Fire Point - The firo point tost was mado with tho Clovoiand dp on dup tostor, using tho standard A.S.T.M. mothod for this instrument. MONS 060202 132498 4 Viscosity - Tho viscosity at 123 F was de termined by moans of the SaybolV Univorsal Viscosimetor according to. tho standard A.S.T.it. method for this instrument. Acidity - Tho acidity of tho oil vas de termined by hoating a 20-g. sample with alcohol and titrating with standard fiftieth normal base, using phcnolphthalcin as an indicator. Tho acidity was oaloulatod in torms of por oont HC1 by weight. Q.nal.1 tatlvo Tost for Chlorlno - A anall samplo (No. 100) was tested vdth motallio sodium by hoating in a tost tube. The test tube was brokon in wator, and tho solution filterod. Tho filtrato was aoidifiod with nitrio acid and silvor nitrato solution addod. Tho prosonoc of chlorine is shown by a white preoipitato. cj Distillation - The distillation was conducted employing the A.Si.i'.i;. Hethod for Distillation of G Oils (D 158} exoopt that temperature and volumo roa ings v;oro more froquontly taken. Determination of Chlorlno.- Tho poroontago chlorine was determined by tho Carius mothod. HONS 060203 ( MH2498 -5B2SULTS The results are tabulated below: Determination "Swanoo 80" Specific Gravity at 60 F 53T 1.461 ' Flash point,deg.F Penalty-Martens 395* '=r> Fire point,deg.F Cleveland open oup None** Viscosity Saybolt Universal at 122 F_. , (no test) Acidity, per cent HC1 by weight (no test) Qualitative test for chlorine (no test) "Swanco 100" "Swanco 150" A 3 1.479 1.485= 0 ;834 0.889 405* None** 395* None** 370 450 390 460 121 (no test)(no test)(no test) 0.0012 (no test)(no test)(no test) present (no test)(no test)(no test) * In view of the negative results obtained in the Fire Tests, it is olear that the flash point test cannot be depended upon to give a true measure of the fire hazard M of this product. It was therefore necessary to oonduot tests of* the explosibility of the vapors of the product in specially designed apparatus - see page 9 et seq. (Sea "Underwriters' laboratories' Method for the Classification of the Hazards of liquids", page 4 ot scq.) ** Intermittent flashos were obtained but the product did not oontinue to burn. The samplo was hosted to boiling point; tho tost was then discontinued. HOMS 060204 MH249S . 6- Do termination ; Distillation,ySamplo No. 100. Tomporaturo 1p c : 647.0 . 650.0 1 655.0 1 660.0 665.0 67Cj.O ' 675.0 680.0 685.0 690.0 341.4 343.3 346,1 348.9 351.7 354.5 357.2 360.0 363.0 366.0 Volume Cubic Centimeters 1st drop 46 57 , 33 21 1 16 8 6 4 4 Per Cent by Volume 0.0 23.0 28.5 16.5 10.5 8.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 Volume distilled Initial boiling point Maximumi tomporaturo Rooovnrod Ro siduo and loss 200 oo. 647 Ft341.4 C) 690 J(366.0 C) 97.5 per cont 2.5 per cont Determination of ohlorino - Tho per cent ohlorino was found to bo In aooord with manufacturer' s statomont. VAPOR PRESSURE PBTEIMINATIONS: SAMPLE "Swanoo 100" was used in these tests, METHOD The Hoffmann apparatus and method were employed in these determinations. The apparatus consists essen tially of a graduated barometer tube filled with meroury and surrounded by a glass jacket. The glass Jacket is provided with an inlet for heated vapors and an outlet for the heated vapors and oondensate. A thermometer is suspended in the vapor space between tho barometer tube and glass Jackot, HONS 060205 MH2498 -7 - In aonclucting the test, the height of tho mercury in tho barometer tube was moasurod, and tho sample was then introduced into the tube, and allowed to remain at room temperature ovor night. In tho morning tho height of tho mercury in tho tube was again measured. Tho temperature of barometer tube and samplo was next raised, furfural vapor, introduced at tho top of tho jacket, being used as a heating medium. After tho tomporaturo became constant, tho hoight of tho mercury in the tubo was moasurod and the barometric prossuro noted. From those data tho vapor pressure at tho boiling point of furfural was oaloulatod applying correction for tomporaturo and tho vapor prossuro of tho moroury, Tho tost was ropeatod. using napthalono vapor and oonzoio aoid vapor as heating mediums. RESULTS Tho results of tho tosts are tabulated below: Bolling Substance furfural) naphthalono bonzoio a,oid Tomporaturo ______ C 159.0 217.5 250,0 Vapor Prossuro HU. of Hg. 4 23 53 IONITIOH TEMPERATURE TESTS: METHOD In tho first sorios of tosts, tho apparatus employed oonsistod osscntially of a conioal quartz or glass flask, which was submerged to a dopth equal to two-thirds Of its hoight in a molten solder bath heated by throe blast burners,, and equipped with a thcmooouplo for tomporaturo mcasuriponts. Tho flask was 1-1/8 in. .in diameter at the top,'2-3/8 in. in diameter at the base, land 4-1/4 in. high, with a oapaoity of about 160 oo. ' Tests were also oonduoted using an iron flask of the same size and 3hape. HONS 060206 IIHii'i'JO -0 - Tho teat consisted in dropping a few drops of the lubrioant into tho flask at each ^nterval of 5 C(9 F) and observing whothcr or not ignition \va3 obtained. In some of tho trials a littlo addi tional air was introduced into tho flask by moans of a rubber bulb and boat delivery tube. .Ifter, each trial tho gasos and vapors wore oomplctcly displaced by tho aid of a.-slow stream of air. Tho lowost tomporaturo at whioh ignition (without application of flame) oould bo obtainod was takon as tho ignition tomporaturo. In tho sooond sorics of tost3 the apparatus U30d oonsistod ossontially of an iron plats 10 in. square by l/4 in. thick, heated by means of gas burners. A shoot iron shield was provided around tho plato to dofloot the hot burner gases. Tho shield consisted of a strip of sheot iron about 10 in. wide whioh vras boltod around tho odgo of tho plato at an asbostos gasketed Joint. Bis plato assembly was sot upon a fire brick structure de signed to conserve tho hoat of tho burners. A cali brated 14 B.&S. gauge ohroraol-aluncl thermocouple, brazod at tho oentor of tho upper surfaoo of tho plato and oonnoctod with a potentiometer, was. usod to measure tho tomporaturo of tho plato. In oonduoting tests tho plato was hcatod and raoasurod quantities of lubrioant (up to 10 oo. ) were applied to tho oontor of tho plato. In some tests a slow streum of oompressod air was applied to tho vaporizing oil. Tho lowost tomporaturo at whioh ignition ooourrod was rcoordod as tho ignition tomporaturo. ' As a ohook on thermocouple temperature readings, roadings of plato tomporaturo woro made by moans of a disappearing filanlont optical pyromotor. MGNS 060101 l I f i. ! > i .7 ./ . . r 1' i I The results are given in the table below: Sample Ignition Temperature* Apparatus with Flask of Olasa Quartz Iron Heated ?late CF Ho. 80 no test 672 C(1243 W) no test I 770 Ho.100 " " 661 0(1222 F)648 0(1188 7) 770 Ho.ISO " " no test no test ' 770 A 256 0(493?) " " "" 417 B 261 C(50Z?) " " "" 417 1418 1418 1418 783 783 *V/ithln experimental error the optioal pyrometer and the thermocouple gave the same readings | for plate temperature. ^EXPLOSIBIIITY OF VAPORS !E3T: ! 3 AMP 13 "Swanoo 100" was used in this tapt MSfflOID The apparatus used for this test was a i specially designed steel cylinder, about 26 In. in length and 6 in.' in diameter, provided with an inlet for the introduction of air and an outlet discharging to the atmosphere. A small mloa observation window was provided in the wall of the cylinder. \ 1/4-ln. spark gap was placed at ite goomatrio oenter. She oyllnder was heated externally by gas burners. An iron-oonstantan thermooouplo oenneotod with dpotontlomotor was used for moasuring tho rolojAvo. tomporaturo of the intorior of tho oyUnder. In conducting a toet tho cylinder was hoatod to tho prodotermined tomporaturo, and n quantity of oil (from 3 to 20 oo.) was introduood into It through a throadod hole 7 in. from ono ond. Tho holo was loosoly olosod, and sparks wore passod aoross tho MONS 060208 MH249B - 10 spark gap at half-minute intervals for a period of 15 min., or until ignition occurred. In case of negative results for 15 min., a little additional air was then added to the vapors, and sparks wore again passed. The cylinder was then thoroughly purged with air in preparation for the next test. RESULTS The lowest temperature at which a flume nrooagation ooourred was 166 C(331 F). This wa3 obtained with 19 oe. of the product upon intro duction of a little additional air immediately after the end of the 15-min. period. The flame propagated j slowly through the mixture in the pipe, and there were no obvious pressure effects. No propagation of flame was obtained in six tests conducted at ' temperatures ranging from 153 to 159 c(307 to 310 F), employing various quantities ranging from 3 to 20 oo, \ of* the produot. j The explosions gradually increased in force with increasing tenparaturo until at 250 C(482 F) j modorato pressure offsets were obtained as indioated i by blowing asbestos plugs from openings in pipe. ] EXPLOSIVE RANSE TESTS: SIMPLES "Swanoo 80" and "Swanoo 100" wore used in these tosts. METHOD The apparatus consisted essentially of a glass chamber equipped with a spark gap and a stirrer. o The chamber la oylindrioal with tho lower end hemi spherical, and is approximately 3 in. in diamotor by 8 in. in height; it has a volumo of 1000 co. Tho apparatus is provided with a glass lid supporting the stirrer and the leads to the spark gap near the bottom of the ohnmber. An opening in the lid is provided for introduction of the sample. The glass chamber is immersed In a molten solder bath to a depth of 6 in. HONS 060209 / I.IH2498 - 11 - In conducting toots the soldor bnth ras ad justed to c. temporature of 400 0(752 F), a measured quantity Of the liquid to bo tested was placed in tho apparatus, and the vapors stirred. Sparks wore thon passed at the spark gap while observations were made for flamo travel and pressure offoots. Following the tost tho vapors wore displaced by a slow stream of com pressed air in preparation for tho noxt test, RESULTS The explosive range of the produot ("Swanco 100" in air at 400 C was found to be from -0.045 ec. (1.2 per cent by volume) to 0.115 oo. (3.2 per cent by volume). The percentages by volume are calculated on the basis of a molecular weight of 299.3. Cheoic tests with "Swanco 80" indicated a range slightly wider than that obtained with "Swanoo 100". ANALYTICAL 3ESTS- OF PRODUCTS OF DECOMPOSITIOK: This series of tests was conducted to de termine the chief constituents of the products of decomposition obtained in the presenoe of hot-iron surfaces and also in the presenoe of gas flames. SAMPLE) "Swanoo 100" was used in these tests. METHODS The -specially designed steel cylinder pre-- viously described under "Explosibility of Vapors Test" was also used in these tests. Connections for withdrawing samples of the decomposition produots for analysis were inserted in the outlet pipe. An evaporating dish for the sample, a anall gas burner, and a spark gap to ignite the gas at the burner 'were plaoed inside tha cylinder at the small mica obser vation window. HONS 060210 MH2496 - 12 Free chlorine, hydroohlorio aoid, phosgene, oarbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygon wore de termined, Employing tho following methods. Frco ohlorino was dotorminod by aspirating a measured samplo through potassium iodido solution and titrating the liberated iodino with fiftieth .normal sodium thiosulphate. Hydrochloric acid was determined by as pirating a measured simple of the gas through vntor in contact with a small* amount of mercury, and pre cipitating tho hydroohloric acid in the aqueous solution as silver ohlorido. The per cent by volume hydroohlorio acid in tho samplo was calculated from tho weight of silvor chloride and tho voluno of tho original sample. Phosgene was dotorminod by aspirating a measured quantity of sample through a U-tubo filled with crushod antimony (to remove free ohlorino) and then through a saturatod solution of aniline- in water. Tho precipitated diphonyluroa (if any) ves driod and weighed and tho per oont phosgene calcu lated, one molecule of diphenyluroa being equivalent to one molecule of phosgene. Carbon dioxide, oarbon monoxide, oxygon, and nothano woro determined by means of an Orsat apparatus with a soparato hot wiro combustion pipette. Tost 1 - In this tost the cylinder was h.ntcd to a temperature of about 459 C(858 F) and a sample of 50 oo. of tho produot was introduced into the cylindar. Tho aspirators were then started, and samples for chlorine, hydroohlorio acid, and phosgene were drawn during evolution of any considerable quantity of vapor from the outlet pipe. Two gas samples for the ' determination of oarbon dioxide,' oarbon monoxide, oxygon, and methane, were taken, one at 4, and one at 24 min. after insertion of the sample of the produot into the cylinder. At the end of 33 min; after introduction of the sample the fumes decreased, and aspirators woro stopped. MCNS 060211 HH2498 - 13 Tost 2 - .1 75-cc, sample of the product was placed in the cylinder, and the email jps burner was lighted by means of a spark and was kept burning during tho tost by lighting again whonover extin guished. The pipo was hoated to a temperature of 340 C(644 F) and,when flamos bogan to flash from ' tho small tumor ovor tho surface of tho lubricant, tho aspirators wore started and samples drawn for a ncriod of 23 min., at which time vapors coasod to oomo from tho outlot pipe in material quantities. Samples woro also taken at 6 and at 19 min. for general gas analyses. . RS SUITS Tho results of tho tests are given in Tablo I. It will bo observed that tho gases produced by dccomposi tion of tho product inoludod 0.6 per cent carbon monoxide, 0.99 per oont hydrochlorio acid gas, and 2.1 per oont combustible gas calculated as methane. DSCOKPOSITIOHi TEMPERATURE TESTS: SAHPIE "Swanao 100" was used in these tests. The- apparatus and method described in Ignition Temperature Tosto using a flask vxirc employed in those toots, exoopt that observations wore made for decom position rather than for ignition. Hoist litmus papor was hold in tho vapors evolved from oil droppod into tho quartz flask, and tho lowest tomperaturo at which .appreciable roddoning or tho papor took place in a short (time (about 3 min.) was taken as tho decom position tomporaturo. KSSUITS Decomposition of tho product v.ns not appre ciable at tcraporaturos below 400 C(752 F), but became increasingly apparent at higher temperatures. MONS 060212 MH2498 14 TABLE I GASEOUS EHODUCTS OF DECOHPOS ITION OF THE LUBRICANT --------------------------------------------r ,----------------------------- Analysis of Products of Decomposition Test 1 1 Test 2 Time 3amplo was taken,' min. after start of tost (a) Per bent COg 4 1.7 24 0.4 6\ 5.4 " " 2 " " CO 18.3 0.4 19.5 0.3 ' 13.2 0.6 " " CH (b) % 2.i - o.o ; 0.7 The figures given below aro based on samples drawn con- tinuously during tho test. 19 2.4 17.4 0.5 0.0 Per oont HC1 Tost 1 0.28 Test 2 0.99 " " coci3 " < C1 2 none 0.003 .inonc 0.001 (a) The start of tho "tost is taken as tho time when fumes booomo plentiful, an! when aspirators wore started. (b) While oalculatod as methane this figuro includes other gaseous hydrocarbons also. / HONS 060213 1212498 15 DECOMPOSITION TEST AT ELEVATED TEMP 33ATU RE AND PH2SSUHE: SAMPLE "Swanco 100" was used in theso tosts. METHOD Bio apparatus used in those tosts wa3 a oloood syatom of piping, having a total.volume of 750 co. It consisted of a 36-in. section of 1-in. pipe connected at right angles to a 6-in. section of 2-in. pipe. The system was provided with a gauge for measurement of the internal pressuro and with an inlet for intro duction of comprossod air. The section of pipe 1 in. in diameter was mountod in an olcctrically heated test furnnoo 12 in. in longth. A thermocouple connected with a potentiometer was used to measure the temperature of tho pipe. A sample (290 co.) of tho product'was intro- duood into tho system, and compressed air v.r.a introduced to an internal prossuro of 210 lb. per sq. in. After maintaining tho system at a temperature pf 260 C(500 F) for a period of 4 hr., it was allowed to cool. Tho gnsos wro thon removed and analyzed by methods de scribed under "Analytical Tost3 of Products of Decom position". No test for phosgono was mado. Thoi sample of tho lubricant was removed, and its acidity and * ) flash point dotormined according to tho methods given under "Idontifioation and Analytical Tosts". , MONS 060214 MH2498 - 16 RESULTS below: The results are given in detail in Table II TABLE II Tost Temperature 260 C(500 F) Time, hr., to reach tost temp. 0.9 Initial air pressure, lb. per sq> in. 210 Air pressure 4 hr.after its introduc tion (or at the time fumaoe was turned off), lb. per sq. in. ' 210 Air pressure, furnace cool, lb. per sq.in. ^ 195 Temporaturc variation during 4 hr. of tost - 3 C(5 F) Properties of oil removed from system aftor test. . Appearanoe Flash point Slightly darker, frothod on removal 202 0(395 F) Acidity (per oont by weight HC1) 0.0075 Gas analysis Per oont C0,, 0.0 20.2 CO 0.0 CH4 HC1 0.2 none Cl,, none HONS 060215 ( MH2498 - 17 RECORD IN SERVICE Tho produot Is in prooess of dovolopmant and has not been in general use. Accordingly, data as to its record in aorvioo are not available. THE SUBMITTOR Tho manufacturer, the Swann Chemical Company of How York, is a division of tho Swann Corporation, and is submitting first produot to -us. This concern is woll known in the chemical industry. SU5SRVISI0H OF PRODUCT BY THE LABORATORIES; Tho produot will bo placed undor Reexamination Sorvloo. HONS 06C216 i o KK2498 - 18 CONCLUSIONS EICRAL NATURE: This product is a mixture of chlorinated hydrooarbons, made in varying degrees of viscosity. In Identification Tests it was found to ex hibit the characteristics of hydrocarbons and to contain chloj-ine in the amounts statod by the manufacturer. FIRE AND TOXIC HAZARD: . The produot is practically nonflammablo at ordinary temperatures.' It is capable of forming moderately corabustiblo and explosive mixtures with air under laboratory tost conditions at higher tem peratures, beginning at a temperature level somewhere within the range 318 to 331 F, but under praotioal con ditions formation of oombustible or explosive mixtures at temperatures as low as 331 F is regarded as extremely unlikely. The fire hazard is very small, being in a class only slightly greater than that of chloroform. - The gases or fumos produced by burning or decomposition of the produot by heat inoludo hydro chloric acid, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of free chlorine. This will ordinarily constitute a toxic hazard only whoro the conditions aro such as to cause HONS 06021? MH2498 - 19 - ' oonfinement of the fumes, as in a closed room in which combustion or decomposition of the product is maintained by firo or highly heated surface. It is to bo no tod in thi3 connection that oils in common uso at present for the lubrication of steam turbines arc readily combus tible and,whon burning under conditions of restricted air supply,form oarbon monoxide in dangorous concen trations. By reference to the results of Identification Tests, it will be noted that the flash point of the product is comparatively high, 201.5 C(395 F), and that a so-called "fire point" was not obtained. 'Viiile intermittent flashes occurred in this test, the product did not continue to burn. The flash point and so-called "fire point" testa, particularly the latter, in the case of chlorinated hydrocarbons are of limited value as a measure of fire hazard but are useful for purposes of identification. The practical significance of the above tests in theoase of the product in question is that its fire hazard i3 of a low order. } By reference to Exploslbility of Vapors Test and Explosive Range Tests, it will be noted that vapors of the product failed to ignite or explode in tests at 159 C(318 F) but weak oombustlon occurred in tests at 166 C(331 F). In tosts at still higher teraporature3 modorato explosions wore obtalnod. At a temperature of 400 0(752 F), tho explosive range of the vapor with air was found to be frbm about 1.2 to about 3.2 per oont by volume of vapo^ in air. It will be noted that i this |L3 a comparetivoly narrow explosive range. As shown under "Ignition Temperature Tests", the igiition temperature of the product was found to be 642 0(1188 F) in an iron flask heated by a solder bath and 770 0(1418 F) when dropped upon a hoatod iron plate. MONS 060218 ID12498 - 20 Hydroohlorio acid, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of chlorine wore found in tho gases pro duced by decomposition or oombustion of tho product, as shovm under "Hosults of Analytical Tests of Products of Decomposition", An all-sorvioo gas mask offers pro tection from thoso gaso3 if formed in toxic concentra tions in a oonfinod space due to unusual oonditions. It will bo noted that combustion and decom position of tho product was maintained by heated surfcooa t459 C, 858 F) or by a gas flamo in carrying out tho Analytical Tests of Decomposition Produots (see Tests 1 and 2), Aa shown by tho results of tho Decomposition Temperature Tosts, appreciable decomposition did not oocur at tompera taros below 400 0(752 F). stabiiitt: Bie product is reasonably stable and in uso /is xmlikoly to undergo deoomposition resulting in an lncrcaso in fire hazard. In the Deoomposition Temperature Tests tho product did not undergo appreciable decomposition at temperatures below 400 C(752 F). In tho Decomposition Test at pile voted Temperature and Pressure (500 F, 200 lb, por sq, in.), tho amount of decomposition wag ex tremely small. Considerations of tho chemical structure ana properties of tho produot also lndicato that it is reasonably stablo, ' imiFOHMirr: - It is Judged that the uniformity of tho product can bo controlled within tho limits covered by this investigation. \ A consideration of tho composition of tho produot and tho gonaral proooss of manufacture indicates that it would bo praotioablo to produoo tho produot in accordance with tho standard . established by tho samples submitted, * MCMS 060219 RHCOKHEHBATION TO THE FIBS COUNCIL OF UNLER'.JRIKRS' LABORATORIES: We recommend promulgation of the following notice to subscribers and the action indicated thereby: Guido No. 540 112 February 3, 1934 - Laboratories' File iIH2490 Swann Chemical Co.,- Mfr. , 1239 Graybar Bldg,, New York, N. Y. Lubricant A synthetio oil Intended for use as a general lubricant and particularly for the lubrication of steair. turbines Harking: "Swanco", 80 to 150, stenciled on containers. Listed by Heport - An investigation of this proiuct has been made by Underwriters' Laboratories, the results' of which are contained in a report dated February 3, 1934, copy of which may be obtained either from the manufacturer or from the Laboratories. Listed - Reexamination Service. Soe description of Reexamination Service on guide card. Tests by: A. F. Matson C. C. Clogston Report by: Revlowed by: SUBMITTED Chemical Engineer. The foregoing Recommendation has been accepted CCC:BIS (HGATD) D. B. AKESS33JJ Secretary HONS 060220