Document NQOJNEymnG0qjo1rBwq5moQV

Volume 3 SEPTEMBER, 1933 Number 5 LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION I ft ' l ? ] f an' Lead Flashing 236 Years Old on College Building dition after 236 years that it was left in place by the restoration architects. The building was originally designed by Sir Chris topher Wren, England's most noted architect. Dur ing a long existence it has been damaged by three fires, but is now restored to its early appearance and regularly used for college purposes. Much research and examination of the structure and of written evi dence was necessary to accomplish restoration to the building's original condition. The walls have been strengthened by insertion of a concealed steel frame. Sir Christopher Wren was responsible tor many of England's most notable buildings, including great St. Paul's Cathedral in London, and he used lead lavishly in all his work for roofing and flashing. In COURTESY WILLTAMSBCRC HOLDING CORP. Wren Building, College of William and Mary. I he belt course is Hashed zeitb lead 116 years old 1708 he wrote of rooting, "Lead is certainly the best and lightest covering, and being of our own growth and manufacture, and lasting, if properly laid, for many hundred years, is without question the most REN Building at the College of William and preferable." His wisdom has been admirably proven W Mary in Williamsburg, Ya.. is the oldest by the many examples of his lead work that remain academic building in America and still has much otfoday. These demonstrate that the selection of lead the identical lead flashing installed when the build for roofing and flashing, while the first cost may be ing was erected in 1695. Restoration of this building was undertaken in 1931 as a part of a general pro gram to restore Colonial Williamsburg. At that time a little higher, in the end means a great economy, for once installed no expensive maintenance or re pairs are necessary. Leaks which cause expensive examination showed that lead Hashing was used on top of the belt course on the east, north and south damage to interiors are avoided, and no unsightly stains from metal develop on paint or masonry. The t'aqades of the main part of the building, partly im color of lead is in itself attractive, harmonizing with bedded in the brick work itself, and dating from the all building materials, and acquiring a natural patina original structure. Most of it was in such good con with age that enhances its appearance. New Jersey Journeymen Want More Lead in Plumbing ASTER and journeymen plumbers throughout Steamfitters at their quarterly meeting at Atlantic M the country are making great headway in an City, July 23, also adopted a similar resolution call endeavor to bring the plumbing business up to theing for the use of more lead in the plumbing trade standards that are essential for the trade to main to insure protection and to safeguard health against tain if the health and property of the public is to cheap and defective material that is being used in be adequately protected. This is well exemplified by some localities which, if allowed to continue, will the action recently taken by both the Master and gradually make inroads into the plumbing industry journeymen Plumbers of the state of New Jersey, and take work away from members of the United who are working harmoniously together towards Association. this end. A resolution passed by the New' Jersey Cities, towns and villages when compiling their State Association of Master Plumbers at their annual plumbing codes should have representatives of the meeting in Mav was printed in its entirety in Lead .Masters and Journeymen on the Code Committee, in the July issue, which will be sent upon request. for who understands better than the local master or The New Jersey State Association of Plumbers and journeyman the necessary requirements or revisions [2] II A25241 \ that should be made from time to time? Then again, practical examinations are necessary for all those wishing to participate in the plumbing business and applicants should have to qualify by passing not only a written but a practical examination com posed, in part, of joint wiping and lead pipe bend ing, thus assuring the public of skilled mechanics at all times. Two of the principal factors to be taken into con sideration for the approval of simplified installa tions of pipe or fittings for plumbing are whether the health of the community and the pocketbook of the home-owner will be protected by simplification and whether anyone but a registered licensed plumb er, capable of good workmanship, can make installa tions. Lead Handles Corrosive Solutions Used in Photography h o t o g r a p h y requires P the use of several corrosive chemical solutions such as "hypo" (fixer) and developers. Photographers must make sure that the equipment in which they keep and transport these solutions is made of material that will resist corrosive action and thus avoid expensive re pairs as well as poor results in making negatives and prints, because the products of corro sion of certain common non- ferrous metals will cause the developing solutions to fog the photographs. Illustrations show some piping made from an unsatisfactory metal which has corroded through and was ROTOFOTOS, INC. entirely useless after less than six months. It was used to handle "hypo," sodium thiosulphate. They also depict the lead pipe with wiped joints that was used to replace the faulty piping. Eastman Kodak Company's research workers have developed much information on this subject. Their findings have been quite widely published in the technical and photographic trade press from time to time. They have found that lead is satisfactory to use as a lining of wood tanks for the storage of developer and for storage tanks for "hypo" not containing silver. They have also found lead suit able for pipe lines and coils in contact with "hypo" not containing silver and for coils in contact with developer. Joints in lead should be "burned" or wiped. Lead pipe for handling photo graphic solutions in a New York studio. Pipe corroded by photographic solutions removed and replaced with lead pipe. This is but another field wherein lead is used to resist corrosive chemicals. Engineers before select ing materials for chemical construction should give lead careful consideration especially from the stand point of first cost, availability everywhere in all commercial shapes, ease of repair and replacement with consequent reduction of idle workmen and equipment, high scrap value, and. of course, corro sion resistance. The Lead Industries Association, or manufacturers of lead products, are always ready to assist with information as to lead's resistance to at tack by any particular corrosive chemical. Lead is used to handle perhaps a wider variety of corrosives than any other metal, including such com mon substances as sulphuric, hydrofluoric and phos phoric acids, and sodium and zinc chloride solutions. [3] LIA25242 White Lead Outlasts Different Neighboring Paint 2 to 1 N November, 1927, the house pictured here, which I is located in East Orange, N. J., was painted with pure white lead paint. It was not repainted until the spring of 1933, a life of 5yi. years for the paint. Consequently the same contractor was asked to do the repainting and he naturally again used white Pure white lead paint on this house outlasted a neigh boring job with another paint by more than 2$4 years. lead paint. This is not an exceptional experience where white lead is used by craftsmen who under stand their business. As a contrast, the house next door was painted about the same time, in 1927, with a paint con taining 50 per cent of pigments other than white lead. Since then, it has been painted twice with the same type of paint while its neighbor has had one repainting with white lead. Surprisingly enough, a white lead job would actually have cost the homeowner less in this instance than the job with the other paint because white lead paint would have cost the contractor who did the job 15c to 20c a gallon less and a smaller amount of white lead paint would have been required to do the job. Both con tractor and owner would have profited from a white lead job. Likewise, with an average life only half that of white lead the cost of painting is obviously at least doubled for the owner using the other paint. The inference the home owner may draw from this is obvious, but how the painting contractor bene fits may not be quite so clear. Neighbors seeing these two houses will naturally turn to the con tractor who did the job that lasted the longer, when their houses need painting. Thus, although repaint ing of any one house occurs less frequently to this contractor, once he does a job that customer is always a customer, and in addition is a customer who brings new business to the painter. No advertising or sales manship is so valuable as a satisfied customer, and conversely no advertising or salesmanship can sell unsatisfactory results over any protracted period of time. The combination of good workmanship and white lead paint is about as good a business devel oper as there is. White Lead-Varnish a Practical and Little Known Cement IXTURES of white lead and varnish make an for a great many years, this adhesive is not generally M admirable cement extensively used in setting known because in marble work, for example, the for marble and applying metal letters to glass. Servicemula has been handed down from generation to in the joints of marble work is very exacting. Monu generation like the art of polishing marble. Each ments, monumental buildings and other marble marble worker may think it his own exclusive meth structures are usually expected to last for genera od but inquiry will reveal the fact that the next tions. The material must not only make firm joints man is probably following almost identical proce but must not crack nor cause the stone to crack. dure. This mixture will doubtless find many more White lead and varnish cement seems to meet the applications where badly needed, now that knowl requirements of marble setters admirably and it edge of it is more general. can be applied in very thin lavers. which is par Proportions vary to suit the individual using the ticularly advantageous when seams are to be made mixture and depend, also, upon the kind of varnish. as invisible as possible. Although successfully used Enough varnish is added to white lead to make a [4] LI A25243 thick, workable paste. It generally requires from 1J4 to 1 y2 gal. of good varnish to 100 lb. of heavy paste white lead. This adhesive not only adheres tenaciously and is strong in itself, but it absolutely excludes air from the joint, thus adding the force of atmospheric pres sure in making the joint secure. As it need be used only in thin layers, expansion or contraction upon setting is negligible. For marble work the thickness of the cement film need not exceed about TV in. In fastening enameled metal letters to windows and similar work only enough need be used to fill the hollow portion and thus exclude air. White lead and boiled linseed oil may also be used for this purpose. Adhesive strips are used to fasten letters in place until the mixture has set. If any reader believes that this adhesive or its companion product, litharge-glycerin cement, might solve some of his problems, the Lead Industries Asso ciation will be glad to cooperate with him in deter mining the suitability of these mixtures for his particular conditions. s-*ggf' Lead Signs With Tinned Letters are New and Useful HE attractive cast lead sign with raised tinned T letters which appears on the office building of Hope's Windows, Inc., at Jamestown, N. Y., is a new development in signs and other exterior or inte rior lettering that should interest architects. Orig inally the company name was incised in the stone fascia, so that, when the company name was changed recently it would have been difficult to alter the lettering. To avoid this the cast lead sign was de signed and fastened over the lettering. This device offers something new and distinctive for architects, although the practice of tinning parts of cast lead ornaments has been followed for many years--even centuries, many medieval lead leaderheads having been executed in that fashion. Aside from offering the architect a new, yet tried, medium of expression, tinned lead signs have further ad vantages. In cost they are much lower than similar work in bronze, it being estimated that the saving runs somewhere between 30 and 50 per cent. Bright tin offers a pleasant and legible contrast to the dull, soft gray of the lead background, and both of these metals, as stated elsewhere, harmonize with all other building materials. No cleaning or polishing is necessary, which means an additional saving as well as assurance that signs in inaccessible places will always be legible and useful. These metals will not cause unsightly discoloration or staining of masonry or paint around them. Metal signs add a sense of Cast lead sign with tinned letters is an attractive addition to this building front. permanence and dignity not possessed by wooden signs, and the rustless metals like lead and tin are free from the expense of constant repainting. Cast lead signs with tinned letters are attractive, economical and practical, and will be welcomed bv architects as a new example of useful service ren dered them by an old friend, lead. HOHE'S-WIND&WS - INC Detail of the cast lead sign with tinned letters pictured above. [5] LIA2524* Much Lead Work on This Prize Winning Home HE residence of Mr. Frank Erickson at Forest T Hills, Long Island, N. Y., which boasts consid erable interesting and beautiful lead work, received the first prize from the Borough of Queens Chamber of Commerce for excellence in design and civic value of residence in 1931. Mr. W. E. Haugaard was architect for this attractive home. Over bay window and doorway are small, stand ing seam lead roofs. Over the doorway a scalloped ornamental edge has been cut in the lead. The bay window, in addition to being roofed with lead, is entirelv sheathed in lead with raised ornamentation. On the wall of the chimney is a lead sun-dial. Leaderheads, gutters and leaders are also lead. Each of these applications of lead, taken indi vidually, is a small architectural gem in itself, yet such is the character of lead that they harmonize with the entire design and with the other materials employed. They provide no distracting elements in the building as a whole. Aside from the great natu ral durability of lead--it will last for many centu ries--this metal has a soft gray color both attractive in itself and harmonizing with any other building material. With age it acquires a natural patina that renders it even more attractive. Lead, too, does not cause stains on adjacent materials. Ornamentation is easily accomplished with lead because of the ease with which it may be stamped, cast, or hand wrought. WURTS BROS. Frank Erickson residence. Forest Hills. The chimney sun-diai is cast lead. In this residence the beauty of lead has not been confined to the exterior. Just inside the entrance stands a beautiful ornamented lead cistern. Though it is not used here for the original purpose of lead cisterns, it makes a most attractive cane or um brella rack or even just an ornament. The color of lead is extremely pleasing when it glows softly in the rays of subdued or artificial light. Recently these interior uses of ornamental lead have expanded so rapidly that lead flower bowls, book ends, ash tras s, candlesticks and many other objects are now widely sold in department and gift stores as well as being made on order by skilled craftsmen. LEFT Lead cistern just inside the main entrance. RIGHT Lead roof over one en trance. Note lead gut ters, leaders and leader- heads. [6] LIAZ5245 WURTS BROS. electrolysis is known to exist. All lead pipe used in such connections shall be of the following standards: As" Yt" 1" 1J4" \/" lead pipe per foot..................3 lb. " " " " .................. 3 1b. ...................... ................ 4 1b. ...................... ................ 6 lb. ...................... ................ 81b. 0 oz. 8 oz. 12 oz. Ooz. Ooz. The above instructions are given for the benefit and protection of both the plumbers and the prop erty owners, and this department will be pleased to cooperate with you regarding the above. Yours truly, i Signed) W. S. Ly n es s Chief Inspector Sewer dr Water House Connections White L ea d Interior in a Painting Contractor's Shop Wl/RTS BROS. This detail of the handsome lead C.stern in the Erickson >-. residence should be of interest to architects and designers. R. NEVILLE RLSSELL. painting contractor, M of East Orange. N. J., practises what he preaches by having his entire shop interior painted Minneapolis Finds Lead with pure white lead paint. This is in keeping with his policy of using white lead on the jobs for which Water Services he contracts. His shop interior was painted last 5J4 years ago, and the photograph shows its excel lent condition now. The walls are concrete block and 4 Resist Electrolysis the ceiling wood, all painted with two coats. White lead paint is particularly suitable for shop WATER departments and plumbers everywhere and other interiors because it can be washed fre should be interested in a letter of instructions quently without injuring the paint and because it issued last year by the Engineer's Department. Citywashes clean. Cheap paint on interiors comes off of Minneapolis. Minn., to plumbers in that city. It when washed and dirt becomes so imbedded in it is reprinted below: that it can not be thoroughly cleaned. Clean paint Cit y o f Min n e a p o l is Engineer's Department Dear Sir : I am writing you regarding certain tests and ex periments which we have made with different kinds of water service pipes, with reference to the electroly is essential to give maximum lighting efficiency, which, in industrial interiors, directly affects the efficiency of workers. Just as in outside painting, white lead is a real economy when used inside be cause of its durability, washability, and good ap pearance. sis in the ground which decomposes such pipes. We have found that lead will last many times longer A than other metal pipes underground where electroly- y sis exists, especially where there are car tracks. Therefore on and after June 1st. 1932, we shall insist that lead pipe be used on all water service connections underground where there are street car tracks on the surface of any street or public thor oughfare on which such service connections shall be laid. We would also suggest that this lead pipe be wrapped with rubber and friction tape and painted with a covering of asphalt in certain places where Spic and span interior of Seville Russell's paint shop, entirely painted with white lead i'/z years ago. [7] LI A25 2 46 Lead Foil Makes an Inexpen sive, Effective Coffee Bag OFFEE is not an easy commodity to package. C economically because its natural oils must be preserved and, for the sake of appearance, they must not be allowed to penetrate to the outside wrapper. Light and changes of moisture in the atmosphere also have a bad effect. Freshness must be preserved and it generally requires an expensive package to do this. However, by using a lead alloy foil liner, Thomas M. Royal & Co. of Philadelphia are able to produce an economical and attrac tive coffee package that adequately preserves the freshness of the prod uct. That these bags have found especial favor in the South is a trib ute to their ability to preserve coffee in its best condition because South erners are extremely particular about the flavor of their coffee and will not consume it unless the flavor is just right. The time and trouble they take in making coffee, generally by the drip method, and the number of spe cial blends made up for individuals, is evidence of this. These bags are three-ply, consist ing of a lining of lead alloy foil backed either with waxed paper, amber glassine paper or greaseproof paper on the inside, and a printed paper bag on the outside. One of the bags pictured has a transparent paper outer bag, and the silvery The lead alloy foil liner shines at tractively through the transparent paper outer wrapper of this bag. Paper coffee bags with lead alloy foil liners. sheen of the foil shining through gives a most pleasing effect. The foil pre vents the escape of oil from the coffee and protects the outer wrapper from being disfigured. Destructive light rays and moisturearealsoexcluded by the foil, as well as any other deleteri ous effects from without the package. These bags are also extensively used for packaging tea, and in fact foil wrappings of many kinds are ideally suited and widely employed on all kinds of delicate products, in cluding tobacco. Uses for lead or lead alloy foil other than packaging include electri cal condensers, metallic packing, tin sel for Christmas tree decoration, diathermic treatment, X-ray work, burglar alarm systems, flexible let tering for windows, caps for bottle tops, principally wine bottles, and for wrapping champagne bottle necks. Lead-Asbestos Mats Prevent Vibration in Cincinnati Terminal LEAD-ASBESTOS anti-vibration mats were used exten sively to isolate vibration in the new Cincinnati Union Terminal. Under the building is a complicated system of ramps and roadways for street cars, buses, taxicabs and private motor cars. Without preventative measures much vibration from these sources would have reached the terminal proper. By using separate columns to support that part of the structure subjected to moving loads and isolating these columns by means of lead-asbestos pads in the foundations, vibration is kept from reaching the re mainder of the building. These pads are the same type as those used by the same architects, Fellheimer and Wag ner, in the construction of the New York Central Railroad's new Buffalo Terminal, reported in Lead , July, 1931, and in other terminal developments of the New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroads. gy " - : - -- - - = L - -!=-- THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION INVITES INQUIRIES ON ANY SUBJECT RELATING TO LEAD AND WILL BE GLAD TO COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS r --.-------ia---------------- LI425247 1ADISON SQUARE NEW YORE