Document NNmExkzJ6Y33V8d7NomnoGQoR

440 CHAPTER 31 1959*Guide Table 6 . ... ripe Firings 90, 60, 45 & 22H* Standard 90 A 45* Street 90 A 45* Male union 90 & 45* Female union 90 A 45" Butt-welding 90 A 45* Socket-welding 90 A 45* Flanged 90* Side outlet 90* Railing 90* Side outlet railing Base Drop Tees Standard Flanged Female union Flanged base Railing Service Flanged side outlet Female union outlet Butt-welding Side outlet railing Four-way Male union Flanged reducing Socket-welding Drop Coupu NOS Wrought Cast Socket-welding Cbossbs Screwed Y-Bends 45* Screwed Return Bends Butt-welding Flanged 45* Flanged Back outlet Butt-welding 45 Double screwed True flanged Screwed Union end Reducers Standard Eccentric soeketwelding Flanged paper Flanged ecbut-welding centric Bushings Outside hexagon Eccentric. Face Caps Standard Socket-welding Butt-welding Plugs Countersunk Square-head Bar Nipples Close Unions Female Bushings Outside Long Male A female Flange Eccentric Tank Tongue A groove flange- Face Caps Standard Socket-welding Butt-welding Plugs Counter sunk Nipples Close Square head Long Bar Taok Unions Female Male A female Flange Tongue A groove flange Flanges Blind Floor Screwed Slip-on Welding neck Reducing Allowable pressures for solder-type fittings are given in Table 7. Allowable pressures for ferrous screwed, flanged, and welding fittings according to ASA specifications are given in Table 8. Steel welding (butt or socket type) fittings may be used for the same pressure as the pipe, providing wall thickness (or schedule number), and also the material, are the same as the pipe on which they are used. Screwed fittings include: couplings, elbows (45* or 90*), return bends (close and open), tees, crosses, laterals (Ybranches), plugs, caps, lock nuts, flanges, bushings, and re ducing fittings (elbows, tees, and couplings). Reducing fittings and bushings may be eccentrically tapped to permit drainage of condensate. Sometimes nipples are erroneously called fittings. Actually a nipple is a piece of pipe less than 12 in. long that has been threaded on both ends. Pipe 12 in. or longer is regarded as cut pipe. Nipples are classified as dose or full thread, shoulder, short, and long. A close nipple is about twice the length of Table 7 .... Service Presswie Ratings for Wrought-Copper or Bronze Solder Joint Fittings* Type of Solder ( 50-50 Tin-lead (ASTM) B32 Alloy Grade 50A) | ( Serrac* UmfK f 100 150 200 250 Maximum Strrici Preawre, Pag Woter 1 In.* 200 150 100 85 to 2 In* 2ln> 175* 150s 125* 100s 90* 754 75* 60s 1a5T _ -- 15* 95-5 Tin-antimony or 95-5 Lead-tin (ASTM B32 Alloy Grade 5A) 100 150 200 250 500 400 400 350 300 250 200 175 300 275 200 150 15 Solders with melting point 1100 F or above 350 270 190 155 120 Note: Ratioc other than specified here may be axed upon the recomraeadxUon of the manufacturer aa to the proper adder* that ehould be used. `Extracted from .American Standard for WrougU Copper end Brora* Solder Joins Fitting*, B16.J3-J9S1. b Standard water tabs cues except 1-8 in., which ia M in. OD nriamlni copper tubing for refrigerator Bet-rice, etc. (ASTM B03)* These pressure# may be used for enst-braaa fitting* (ASA Blfl.lS-1850) for be* J in. and smaller. d These pressures may be used for east-brass fittings (ASA B16.16-1850) for sixes 2H in. and above. Also allowable for cast-braes fittings (ASA B16.16-18S0). the pipe thread since the threads actually meet. A shoulder nipple has a shoulder between , the threads and is further classified as short or long. All shoulder nipples are cut to specific lengths and sold in that manner. As a general rule, flanged joints are used when it is ex pected that the line will be disassembled quite often. There are three types of joints for attaching the flange to the pipe; screwed, welded, or lapped. Types of contact surface will be discussed in the next section. Tables 9 to 15 give data on various types of ferrous fittings. Fittings for copper tubing are available in soldered, flared, or compression types (see Figure 2). Fittings for copper pipe of IPS dimensions are available in screwed or soldered types. Table 16 gives size data for screwed fittings and Tables 17 and 18 give data for solder-type fittings for copper tube and pipe. 4x4x2 TEE 40x2 TEE 4x4>2 T-BRANCH 4X4x2 Y-BRANCH 4>4 CROSS 4X4X312 CROSS 4i3x2s|| CROSS Fig. 1.... Description of Tees and laterals (ASA B16.3--19511 Pipe, Fittings, Welding 441 Table 8____ASA Specifications and Pressures for .. Ferrous Screwed, Flanged, and Welded, Fittings . . -' Type of Fitting Saharafed, Spedfkolioo Steom Preoxrre Prig* Table'.9-;... Dimensions of Screwed Coit-lrcn 90* .and 45-Deg Elbows, Tees; and Crosses (Gass 125) (Straight Six**) ra- TtrSi rfsi B16.1 B16b Cast Iron--Flanged (refrigeration)... B16.16 B16.4 B16.3 `250 - 300' 150 B16.5 2500 * Preeeure may reduce with increaaing axes. This pressure a the maximum allowed in this specification for s&turatedsteam. Higher prexturesmay be allowed with lower temperature*. The compression-type fitting is generally limited to small sizes of tube, while the flared and soldered types are used in both large and small sizes. An American Standard, ASA A40.2 (1936), has been prepared to standardize dimensions of brass fittings for flared copper tube. Flared tube fittings are widely used in refrigeration work where SAE dimensions and a 45-deg flare render most fittings interchangeable, al though for refrigeration use, thread fits and tolerances on thread gages must be maintained within close limits. Brass, fittings with SAE dimensions are not interchangeable with the American Standard fittings for water tube. -- FLANGE FACINGS AND GASKETS There are many types of flange facings. The simplest, and the one most commonly used, is the plain face. This type of face is used with fittings shown in Table 10. Other facings,` with varying complexity/are used for higher pressures. They include: male and female face (an insert type face), tongue- and-groove (an adaptation of the male and female type), lapped pipe to flange, lapped pipe to pipe, and ring and groove using neck flanges., . As it is too expensive to machine flange faces sufficiently to provide watertight joints, a gasket is usually inserted be- -* i.e- T e* 0*4 EL* Nom- Pipe - Sire. fo End, Show*, Tees, Center to End, 45Deg Show* length of Thread, Min fluid* 0 iometer Width . off Hing . of Bend, Mb F Metal Thick- Outride Diameter ef Band, Min A C E Max Min G H. H 0.81 H 0-95 0.73 0.32 i 0.38 0.584 0.540 0.J1C 0.93 0.80 0.36 .0:44. 0.718 0.675 0.12C 1.12 H 1.12- 0.88 0.43 0.50 0.897 0.840 0.130 -1.34 H 1.31 l 1.50 1W 1.75 iH- 1.94 0.98 1.12 1.29 1.43 0.50 0-58 0.67 0.70 0-56 0.62 0.69 0.75 1.107 1.385 1.73C 1.970 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 0.155 0.17C 0.185 0.200 1.63 1.95 2.39 2.68 2 2.25 2K 2.70 3 3.08 3VS 3.42 1.68 1.95 2.17 2.39 0.75 0.92 0.98 1.03 0.84 0.94 1.00 1.06 2.445 2.375 0-220 2.975 2.875 0.240 3.600 3.500 0.260 4.100 4.000 0.280 3.28 3.86 4.62 5.20 4 3.79 . 2.61 1.08 1.12 4.600 4.500 0.310 5.79 5 4.50 3.05 1.18 1.18 5.663 5.563 0 380 7.05 6. 5.13 3.46 1.28 1.28 6.725 6.625 0.430 8.28 8 6.56 4.28 1.47 1.47 8.725 8.625 0.550 10.63 10 8.08* 5.16 1.68 1.68 10.850 10.750 0.690 13.12 12 9.50* 5.97 1.88 1.88 12.850 12.750 0.800 15.47 From American Standard Dimension* of Cati-lron Screwed Fitting*. Clue 185. A AS Bit-4*1949. All dimeuatona tinea in inches. * This applies to elbowi and teea only. tween the contact faces of the flanges. The flange bolts then draw the faces up so tight that the gasket deforms into the face imperfections and thereby provides a tight joint. Gaskets are made of numerous materials, such as cork, paper, fiber, asbestos, metal (iron, steel, copper, etc.), and combinations of metal and some soft material. The proper gasket material to use depends upon the service of the pipe. The material should not be detrimentally affected by the chemical and thermal conditions of the fluid being carried. Mf CORWLSUJW TUBMG HUMUS HMSMUBftS RTTMGS Fig. 2------Copper or 8rcns Tube Fittings VALVES Valves are made with the same end connections as fittings. A brief description of each type follows. rl. Flanged Ends: Made in sizes from Vi in. up. Used when ever line fittings are flanged and if frequent removal is cpntemplated. Flanged valves facilitate installation when large sizes are used. y 2. Screwed Ends: Most common-type end. Can be used for all pressures. Usually confined to smaller size because of diffi culty in inairing large screwed joints. 3. Welding Ends: Available in steel only. Generally employed for high-tempera.ture, high-pressure work. Difficult to disassem ble in a welded line. This type includes butt-welding or socket welding. See Tables 11 and 14 for size of fittings available in each class. The valves are made in the same range. 4. Brazing Ends: These ends are' available on'brass valves. The ends have a special shape to facilitate use of brazing alloys. These valves are used for higher temperatures than solder end valves.