Document NNeaga6LNo4gaB91vrYyxQXyy
562
CHAPTER 38
1960 Guide
Sat. Temp. F
Aits. Frets. la p*r
0 23.87 2 24.89 4 25.96 5 26.51 6 27.05
Toble 1..... Properties of Dichlorodifiuoromethane (COjFJ*
Yehfme
Liquid
Vapor
Enthalpy
liquid
Vapor
Enthalpy and Entropy Token From ---40 f
Entropy
25 F Superheat
Liquid
Vapor Enthalpy Entropy
0.0110 0.0110 0.0111 0.0111 0.0111
1.637 1.574 1.514 1.485 1.457
8.25 8.67 9.10 9.32 9.53
78.21 78.44 78.67 78.79 78.90
0.01869 0.01961 0.02052 0.02097 0.02143
0.17091 0.17075 0.17060 0.17052 0.17045
81.71 81.94 82.17 82.29 82.41
0.17829 0.17812 0.17795 0.17786 0.17778
SO F Superheat
Enthalpy
Entropy
85.26 85.51 85.76 85.89 86.01
0.18547 0.18529 0.18511 0.18502 0.18494
8
28.18
0.0111
1.403
9.96
79.13 0.02235 0.17030
82.66 0.17763
86.26 0.18477
10
29.35
0.0112
1.351
10.39
79.36 0.02328 0.17015 82.90 0.17747
86.51 0.18460
12
30.56
0.0112
1.301
10.82
79.59 0.02419 0.17001
83.14 0.17733
86.76 0.18444
14
31.80
0.0112
1.253
11.26
79.82 0.02510 0.16987
83.38 0.17720
87.01 0.18429
16
33.08
0.0112
1.207
11.70
80.05 0.02601 0.16974
83.61 0.17706
87.26 0.18413
18
34.40
0.0113
1.163
12.12
80.2? 0.02692 0.16961
83.85 0.17693
87.51 0.18397
20
35.75
0.0113
1.121
12.55
80.49 0.02783 0.16949 84.09 0.17679
87.76 0.18382
22
37.15
0.0113
1.081
13.00
80.72
0.02873 0.16938
84.32
0.17666
88.00 0.18369
24
38.58
0.0113
1.043
13.44
80.95 0.02963 0.16926 '84.55 0.17652
88.24 0.18355
26
40.07
0.0114
1.007 . 13.88
81.17
0.03053 0.16913
84.79 0.17639
88.49 0.18342
28
41.59
0.0114
0.973
14.32
81.39
0.03143 0.16900
85.02
0.17625
88.73 0.18328
80
43.16
0.0115
0.939
14.76
81.61
0.03233 0.16887
85.25 0.17612
88.97 0.1S315
32
44.77
0.0115
0.908
15.21
81.83 0.03323 0.16876
85.48 0.17600
89.21 0.18303
34
46.42
0-0115
0.877
15.65
82.05
0.03413 0.16865
85.71
0.17589
89.45 0.18291
36
48.13
0.0116
0.848
16.10
82.27 0.03502 0.16854
85.95 0.17577
89.68 0:18280
38
49.88
0.0116
0.819
16.55
82.49
0.03591 0.16843
86.18
0.17566
89.92 0.18268
39
50.78
0-0116
0.806
16.77
82.60
0.03635 0.16838
86.29
0.17560
90.04 0.18262
40
51.68
0.0116
0.792
17.00
82.71
0.03680 0.16833
86.41
0.17554
90.16 0-18256
41
52.70
0.0116
0.779
17.23
82.82
0.03725 0.16828
86.52
0.17549
90.28 0.18251
42
53.51
0.0116
0.767
17,46
82.93
0.03770 0.16823
86.64
0.17544
90.40 0.18245
44
55.40
0.0117
0.742
17.91
83.15
0.03859 0.16813
86.86 0.17534
90.65 0.18235
46
57.35
0.0117
0.718
18.36
83.36
0.0394S 0.16803
87.09
0.17525
90.89 0.18224
48
59.35
0.0117
0.695
18.82
83.57
0.04037 0.16794
87.31
0.17515
91.14 0.18214
50
61.39
0.0118
0.673
19.27
83.78
0.04126 0.16785
87.54
0.17505
91.38 0.18203
52
63.49
0.0118
0.652
19.72
83.99
0.04215 0.16776
87.76
0.17496
91.61 0.18193
54
65.63
0.0118
0.632
20.18
84.20 0.04304 0.16767
87.98 0.17486
91.83 0.18184
56
67.84
0.0119
0.612
20.64
84.41
0.04392 0-16758
88.20 0.17477
92.06 0.18174
58
70.10
0.0119
0.593
21.11
84.62
0.04480 0.16749
88.42
0.17467
92.28 0.18165
60
72.41
0.0119
0.575
21.57
84.82 0.04568 0.16741
88.64 0.17458
92.51 0.18155
62
74.77
0.0120
0.557
22.03
85.02 0.01657 0.16733
88.86 0.17450
92.74 0.18147
64
77.20
0.0120
0.540
22.49
85.22
0.04745 0.16725
89.07
0.17442
92.97 0.18139
66
79.67
0.0120
0.524
22.95
85.42 0.04833 0.16717
89.29 0.17433
93.20 0.18130
68
82.24
0.0121
0.508
23.42
85.62
0.04921 0.16709
89.50
0.17425
93.43 0.18122
70
84.82
0.0121
0.493
23.90
85.82
0.05009 0.16701
89.72 0.174L7
93.66 0.18114
72
87.50
0.0121
0.479
24.37
86.02
0.05097 0.16693
89.93
0.17409
93.99 0.18106
74
90.20
0.0122
0.464
24.84
86.22
0.05185 0.16685
90.14
0.17402
94.12 0.18098
76
93.00
0.0122
0.451
20.32
86.42 0.05272 0.16677
90.36
0.17394
94.34 0.18091
78
95.85
0.0123
0.438
25.80
86.61
0.05359 0.16669
90.57
0.17387
94.57 0.18083
80
98.76
0.0123
0.425
26.28
86.80 0.05446 0.16662
90.78 0.17379
94.80 0.18075
82
101.70
0.0123
0.413
26.76
86.99
0.05534 0.16655
90.98
0.17372
95.01 0.18068
84
104.8
0.0124
0.401
27.24
87.18 0.05621 0.16648
91.18
0.17365
95.22 0.18061
68
107.9
0.0124
0.389
27.72
87.37
0.05708 0.16640
91.37
0.17368
95.44 0.18054
88
111.1
0.0124
0.378
28.21
87.56 0.05795 0.16632
91.57
0.17351
95.65 0.18047
90
114.3
0.0125
0.368
28.70
87.74 0.05882 0.16624
91.77
0.17344
95.86 0.18040
92
117.7
0.0125
0.357
29.19
87.92
0.05969 0.16616
91.97
0.17337
96.07 0.18033
Refrigeration
563
Sot. Temp. F
Ab*. Piet*. lb per Sq fa
94 121.0 96 124.5 98 128.0 100 131.6 102 135.3
Table 1 .... Properties of Dichlorodifiuoromethane (CG,F*}" (Concluded)
Vohete
liquid
Vapor
Enthalpy
liquid
Vapor
Enthalpy and Entropy Token From --40 F
Entropy
25 F Superheat
liquid
Vapor Enthalpy Entropy
0.0126 0.0128 0.0126 0.0127 0.0127
0.347 0.338 0.328 0.319 0.310
29.68 30.18 30.67 31.16 31.65
88.10 88.28 88.45 88.62 88.79
0.06056 0.06143 0.06230 0.06316 0.06403
0.10608 0.16600 0.16592 0.16584 0.16576
92.16 92.36 92.55 92.75 92.93
0.17330 0.17322 0.17315 0.17308 0.17301
104
139.0
0.0128
0.302
32.15
88.95 0.06490 0.16568
93.11
0.17294
106
142.8
0.0128
0.293
32.65
89.11
0.06577 0.16560
93.30 0.17288
108
146.8
0.0129
0.285
33.15
89.27 0.06663 0.16551
93.48 0.17281
110
150.7
0.0129 .0.277
33.65
89.43 0.06749 0.16542 93.66 0.17274
112
154.8
0.0130
0.269
34.15
89.58
0.06836 0.16533
83.82
0.17266
114
158.9
0.0130
0.262
34.65
89.73
0.06922 0.16524
93.98
0.17258
116
163.1
0.0131
0.254
35.15
89.87
0.07008 0.16515
94.15
0.17249
118
167.4
0.0131
0.247
35.65
90.01
0.07094 0.16505
94.31
0.17241
120
171.8
0.0132
0.240
36.16
90.15
0.07180 0.16495
94.47
0.17233
122
176.2
0.0132
0.233
36.66
90.28
0.07266 0.16484
94.63 O.17224
124
180.8
0.0133
0.227
37.16
90.40 0.07352 0.18473
94.78
0.17215
126
185.4
0.0133
0.220
37.67
90.52
0.07437 0.16462
94.94
0.17206
128
190. i
0.0134
0.214
38.18
90.64
0.07522 0.16450
95.09 0.17196
130
194.9
0.0134
0.208
38.69
90.76
0.07007 0.16438
95.25
0.17186
132
199.8
0.0135
0.202
39.19
90.86 0-07691 0.16425
95.41
0.17176
134
204.8
0.0135
136
209.9
0.0136
138
215.0
0.0137
140
220.2
0.0138
* ASHRAE dcajpatarm RafruBPmat IS.
0.196 0.191 0.185 0.180
39.70 40.21 40.72 41.24
90.96 91.06 91.15 91.24
0.07775 0.07858 0.07941 0.08024
0.16411 0.16396 0.16380 0.16363
95.56 95.72 95.87 96.03
0.17166 0.17156 0.17145 0.17134
SO F Superheat
Enthalpy
Entropy
96.28 96.50 96.71 96.92 97.12
0.18028 0.18018 0.18011 0.18004 0.17998
97.32 97.53 97.73 97.93 98.11
0.17993 0.17987 0.17982 0.17976 0.17969
98.29 98.48 98.66 98.84 99.01
0.17961 0.17954 0.17946 0.17939 0.17931
99.18 .99.35 99.53 99.70 99.87
0.17922 0.17914 0.17906 0.17897 0.178S9
100.04 100.22 100.39 100.56
0.17881 0.17873 0.17864 0.17856
to restore the refrigerant to a condition in which it will pos sess the ability to extract heat from the space to be cooled. For all compression-type systems the cycle consists of four processes: heat gain in the evaporator; pressure rise in the compressor; heat loss in the condenser; pressure loss in the expansion valve. The compression process is accomplished at the expense of energy added to the compressor in the form of shaft work, and the expansion" process could be carried out, if the economics of the system would permit, in an expand ing engine with consequent release of energy as shaft work. In ordinary systems, however, the additional first cost and maintenance cost of an expanding engine so greatly exceed the advantage resulting from the work realised, that such engines are not used, and instead, the pressure reduction is allowed to occur irreversibly in an expansion valve. Basically, then, a refrigeration cycle consists of two heat-transfer proc esses and two pressure-change processes, no work entering into the heat-transfer processes and--in the simple cycle-- do heat transfer occurring during the pressure-change proc esses.
The most common and least complicated type of refrigera tion cycle is called the simple saturation cycle, and is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3 and plotted upon pressure-en thalpy coordinates in Fig. 4. For this system, saturated va por flows without gain or loss of heat from the evaporator to the suction of the compressor. During passage through the
compressor the energy added as shaft work goes entirely to increase the enthalpy of the refrigerant, and the compression
process, which is assumed to occur reversibly and without external heat transfer, is characterized by constant entropy. Thus, the state of the superheated vapor leaving the com pressor can be determined from the tables of thermody namic properties by noting the discharge pressure and fixing, also, the entropy of the saturated vapor at entrance to the compressor.
Superheated vapor from the compressor flows to the con denser where de-superheating and condensation take place. From the condenser the refrigerant flows to the expansion valve, undergoes a constant-enthalpy pressure reduction, and returns to the evaporator where it again removes a quantity of undesired heat. WheD the evaporator is arranged to permit direct cooling of room air by the refrigerant, the system is said to be of the direct-expansion type, while a system in which the evaporating refrigerant cools water or brine, which in turn cools the air, is said to be indirect. Although many differences exist between most actual systems and that of the simple saturation cycle, this latter is, nonetheless, of great value in that it provides an extremely simple method of rap idly achieving an approximate analysis of probable power requirements, compressor size, etc. Further, the equations used in analysis of a simple saturation cycle form the basis of the more complex treatments required for compound re frigeration cycles. For these reasons a typical simple satura tion problem will be worked in detail.
Example l: A. simple saturation cycle carries a 7-ton load when operating between suction and discharge pressure of
s'