Document NNGEN9vkjyma5LL73b9prvMYb

FILE NAME: CERAMICS (CER) DATE: 1951 DOC#: CER044 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Journal Article Abstracts - Respiratory Diseases: An Industrial Hazard & Review of Literature on Dusts CERAMIC ABSTRACTS 1951 C harles S. P ea r c e, Editor M ary J, G ibb, Assistant Editor T helma J. C ecil, Editorial Assistant Committee on Publications: K kkl Schw artzw alder. Chairman: Hi. BrRC H, J, J. C \NFIC LD, AND C. H. H AH.VER Technical Advisers: L. G. F arber. R alph R ose, <.vd B etty T, O wen Compiled by The American Ceramic Society 2525 North High Street Columbus 2, Ohio 42 Ceramic Abstracts Februar-, Organizing a research department for results. F. L. Mat properties, and application of binding materials and gives i <V thews, Chem. inds.. 67 Mi 402 -404. 4.32. 434 U 'JSm .--M. dis scription of the mast important types of shapes made from b in 1 cusses the objectives of a research department under product de ing materials B Z K. velopment. process development, application research, and prod Index of Homograms. P oi.t.las Pj Advms Tevhnolot uct improvement, and its organization under groups, group Press. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Oainbrdc.- leader, and service functions. E.D.M. John Wiley It Sous. Inc.. Nwv York. l",y>. 174 pp Pr o Production of fused silica. B. A. Rogers. W. J. Kroll, and 54.00. Reviewed in Chem. Inds.. 67 il] 114 1 1`.)-30>--N'oiro H. P. HOLMES. Trans. Eleetrocheui. Sue.. 92, 113-20 (1047).-- _ grams are indexed hy key words and tabulated under d i v i s i o n , The present manufacture of silica products is reviewed, and such as physics, chemistry, etc. EDM production methods are outlined. The reactions between hot Kent's Mechanical Engineer's Handbook: VoL II, Design tac silica and hot carbon in electric furnaces are analyzed briedy. Production. I2 th cd . Coh n Carmichael, editor. John Wile-. Under experimental work, the production of silica ingots weigh- . 5c Sons, Inc., New York 10. 1950. 1060 pp. Price 53 50 --Th. ing up to 40 lb. ( 13.1 kg.) in both graphite-resistor and electric- 0 book contains sections on glass, refractories, electrical porcelains arc furnaces is described. Data presented are sufficient for a brick and tile, and abrasives. Other subjects of interest to err rough estimate of the cost of production. 32 references, 3 figures. amists, such as temperature-measuring instruments, are ill, F.G.H. _ cussed. The d ata given on ceramic products is of a genera / Respiratory disease--an industrial hazard. A. T. Dote. nature and consists chiefly of physical and chemical properties * Glastcrx Med. 30 [July] 233 (1949); abstracted in Arch. Ind. applications, etc. They are of interest chiefly to mechanical > Hyf. and Occupational Med., 1 [3] 300 ( 1 9 3 0 The present design engineers and not particularly to ceramists. R R status of knowledge of the disorders caused by industrial dusts Occupational Specialties in Engineering: Vol. II, Definitions is reviewed. Silicosis is included. D.G.P. Prepared for the Office of Naval Research by the America: Role of fluorosis in industrial and alimentary hygiene. R. Society of Mechanical Engineers for the Engineers Joint Council Truhaut. Semainc d'ltip. (Paris). 25 [Oct. 10] 30S6 (1949); New York 13, 1950. 112 pp.-- Definitions for ten activities a-,r abstracted in Arch. Ind. Wyj. and Occupational Med.. 1 [3] 367 _ for 19 engineering fields of specialization are given. The booLlr (1950).--Fluorosis due to fluorine compounds used in the manu was prepared to define and delineate the terms used for field i o. facture of glass, enamel, and cement is included. D.G.P. specialization in the Survey of Selected Engineering Personnel Safety program in a glasshouse refractories p la n t R. R. Patent Tactic* and Law. 3rd ed. Roger Sherman Hoa* Smith. C lan Ind., 31 [5] 255-56, 272 (1950).--The safety pro- j Ronald Press, New York. 1950. 352 pp. Price 57 00 Rc gram of the Corning Glass Works is outlined and discussed in viewed in Chem. In d s. 66 [6] 916 (1950). --H attempts to a. three main divisions: educational, medical, and technical. quaint business executives, engineers, and inventors with enou*-. Posters, a monthly plant magazine, and a suggestion system with of the fundamentals of patent law and procedure to enable :hem monetary awards constitute the educational phase' of the pro- _ to understand and cooperate with their attorneys in pater.: gram. An 6-room hospital, with personnel of 3. handles the matters. E DM medical requirements. The technical program is based on a / Review of Literature on Dusts. J. J. Forbes, Sara J D u t monthly inspection and report system designed to eliminate \ ' port, and G enevieve G. Morgis. C. S. Bur. Mines flu,. . hazards. Plant problems fall into 6 categories: dust, heat, ( No. 478, 333 pp. (1950). Price 65e from Supt. of Document!. heavy lifting, moving machinery, acid handling, and fire. De Govt. Printing Office, Washington 25. D. C.--The book contains tailed methods of dealing with each type of hazard are given. a resume of the physiological effects of breathing dust, types of As a result of this program, the average accident frequency for injurious dusts, silicosis, methods of preventing dust diseases, the last five years has been 11 disabling accidents per million _ methods of determining dusts io air. economic and legal aspects man-hours worked. The 1948 frequency for the clay-products of dust diseases, and costs of compensation for silicosis industry as a whole was 19.53. W.W.C. Some ceramic ideas from Portland cement. V. D. Frchettb. L M.M. J. Can. Ceram. Soc., 19, 68-72 (1950).--A high degree of develop- j ment in research and control methods has been reached in the PATENTS Portland cement industry. Developments indicate lines of Assembling slabs and kiln furniture in ceramic kilns. R t v t attack in research in other branches of ceramics. Examples Axand 8c Cie . Fr. 952,662, M ay 2, 1949 (Sept. 3, 1947).--A slap include the quantitative use of phase diagrams in plant control, _ assemblage of high resistance to flexural stresses between the posts quantitative determination of glass content by beat of solution, is obtained by using a mortise and tenon joint between the slabs and phase identification by polish-etch microscopy. G.M.H. and the posts. S F.C Technical education for the elaywor' . M. S Whitlhouss. Producing t ceramic body haring longitudinal passages. Sp-o- Ceramics, 2 [15] 138-40 (1950).--W. gives a brief outline of the g le c Pro C hemicxou a H utnI Vyrobu. Narodni P odnik institutions where technical education in ceramics can be ob Brit. 631,819, Nov. 23, 1949 (June 23, 1945).--A ceramic heat tained. A.B.S. exchanger is described. The body is hard porcelain or cordierite Universities and ceramic education. A. L. Roberts. Ce to which mineralizers or plasticizers may be added; TiO; may ramics, 2 [15] 142-44 (1950).--In Great Britain the universities _ also be added. B.C.R.A. train technologists by (1) sound preliminary training in pure science and engineering and (2) systematic instruction in apply ing that science to specific industries. The University of Leeds Additional abstracts may be the first in Great Britain to have a course leading to A Sect. V m : Slip casting. Sect. X: Measurement of the plastic B.Sc. with honars in Ceramics. A.B.S. working properties of clays. SEPARATE PUBLICATIONS Elements of Patent Law. Fred H. Rhodes. Cornell Univer sity Press. Ithaca. N*. Y., 1949. 190 pp. Price 32.75. Reviewed in Chem. Inds., 66 [8] 916 (1950). E .D .M . Employment Outlook for Engineers. Prepared by Harold i Goldstein, Robert W. Cain, Cora E. T avlor. Chester F. Sckimmel, ET al. C . S . Dept. Labor Bur. Labor Statistics Butt., No. 988, 119 pp. (1950). Price 506 from Supt. of Documents, Govt. Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. -- General Treatise of the Technology of Silicates (Obshchil kurs tekhnologii silikatov): I and IL Yu. M. B utt and M . A. Matveev. Published hy Promstrolizdat, Moscow, U.S.S.R.. 1948. 352 pp. Price 12.80 rubles.--Part I covers the com- j position, characteristics, methods of benefieiaiion, and extrac tion of silica (anhydrous and aqueous silicas), alumina, carbon ate, sulfate, feldspar, and synthetic raw materials of silicates. Part II rovers technological processes of production, composition, CORRECTION On the title page for Ceramic Abstracts published in the December 1950 'issue, the Committee on Publications is listed incorrectly. The present Committee is as follows: Karl Schwartzvralder. Chairman; R- E. Birch, J. J. C an field. and C. H. Hahner. Reprints of the corrected title page have been maiit. and members who bind Ceramic Abstracts may obtain a new title page by writing to the American Ceramic Society, 2525 North High Street, Onlum hus 2. Ohio. iert KsnajC jig . R obbo TTlIW I 13-5 0]1 6 5 J ensive j>to 1 .pplical ical na X I V , General and Historical 77 the surface-active organic additions is described, and flotation is Specially discussed in regard to difficulties observed in practice, starting from experience in the field of ore separation by flotation methods, the particular conditions for the flotation of carbonate ,itd silicate minerals are described in detail, including calcite and becement raw materials, gypsum, barite, phosphorite, and baux- In the chapter on the flotation of silicates, quartz-feldspar separation is emphasized, and the nature of the micas, vermicu- ijtCl and clay minerals is explained. The last group comprises ,be aluminum silicates, sillimanite, andalusite, and kyanite. with irhich extensive experience was not available in Europe before 1941. and other minerals such as spodumene, beryl, etc. Addi tional suggestions are given for mineral pigments (ochers, hema- ulc etc ) W.E. fluxes for automatic welding. A. P elucAn. Sktdfski Rock- j,,fv, 26 [2-3136-38 (1950).--A part of the glass factory in An- toninuv Dul was converted for the manufacture of welding fluxes toaitlautomatic welding processes similar to those used in making Liberty ships in the U. S. The fluxes (alkaline-earth silicates) contain 10 to 45% manganese and must be controlled to viscosi ties of 2 to 8 poises a t 1500*C., expansions of 65 to 86 X 1 0 'T. and softening points of 600* to 680*C. N'.J.K. Measuring relative humidity--experiments with sintered ceramic blocks. A. G. T homson. Elec. Review (London). 147 [38051 640-41 (1950).--Sintered ceramic blocks 4 x 3 x 2 mm. are being investigated by the British Scientific Instrument Research Assoc, as hygrometers. The electrical resistance may well change from 1000 Mil to 1 Mil when the relative humidity changes from 10 to 95%, and the response is rapid. Development work is in progress. W.A. Milestone in research. Anon. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull.. 30 |t| 1-4 (1951). 7 photos. Patent law revision. Harry Goldsmith. Chem. Inds., 67 6) SS4-85, 928 (1950).--The first general revision and codifica tion of the patent laws since 1870. H. R. 9133, is discussed. The proposed legislation would consolidate existing legislation and provide for certain changes, such as provision for use" patents in a limited sense, write into statutory law the doctrine of con tributory infringement, set up an objective test or standard for determining invention, permit publication of pending applica tions, allow changes by inventors under certain conditions, pro vide for so-called patents of addition, and protect intervening rights where patents are reissued. E.D.M. Progress in the technology of ceramics. Folke Sandford. Chem.-Ing. Tech., 22, 165-08(1950); abstracted in Chem. Zentr., 121 II (81929 (19-50).--The following topics are discussed: cor rect furnace operation; relation between color and admixture in brick masses (formation of the system Al:Oi-Fe:Oj); additions to improve the plasticity of lean clays and kaolins, e.g.. by the mixture CaO-Al: (SOli; preparation of set gypsum by treatm ent with salt solutions; acceleration of the melting of glazes by addi tions of salts, the mineral petalite being the best; and influence of the humidity of the air on sifting (optimum 40 to 60%). M.Ha. Report of the third International Conference of Experts on Pneumoconiosis. Anon. Bull. Inst. Mining Met.. 1950, Xo. 524, pp. 19-27.--Xone of the current concepts of the ways in which dust acts on the lungs is fully acceptable to the committee. In general the larger sizes of fibrous dusts such as asbestos appear to be more harmful, whereas in many other mineral dusts the smaller sizes are more injurious. There is no conclusive evidence on the effectiveness or otherwise of A1 powder inhalation in sili cosis. An appendix outlines suggestions for an international scheme for the classification of radiographs in some of the pneu moconioses. W.A. Statistical consideration on the mixing of powdery materials. Ssucichi Mcyaci. J. Ceram. Assoc. Japan, 58 [65! I 417-20 (1950).--Mixtures of calcium carbonate and silica were analyzed, sad from the analytical data the completeness of mixing is dis missed. K.Y. Stream pollution: Its prevention and control. M elvin Xord. Chem. Inds., 67 [6] 893-96,904 (1950).--Stream pollution, stream *anitation, and the dispersion of waste effluents are d iscussed. The treatment of wastes is considered under the headings of mechanical separation, hydraulic separation, chemical coagula tion, chemical and physical reactions, disinfection, and biological "ds. What the law says. Ibid., pp. 897-98. X. discusses.the **ial liabilities. E.D .M . Synthesis of sapphire: a new British industry. 1C. AY. Brown. Instrument Practice. 5 [21 88-94 (1950).--The furnace used and the properties and uses of synthetic sapphire are briefly described. Its melting point of 2050* makes it ideal for refractory supports a t high temperatures, especially as its tensile properties remain unchanged. It has also been used for furnace inspection win dows, burner nozzles, atomizer orifices, and extrusion dies for work at very high temperature. 3 diagrams, 8 photos. W.A. SEFARATE REPLICATIONS Clayworker's Handbook. 5th ed. Alfred B. Searle. Chas. Griffin 8c Co.. Ltd., London. 1949. 392 pp.. 41 illustra tions. Price S6.95 from Mapleton House, Brooklyn. X. Y.--The materials, operations, and machinery for clay working in general are treated in a popular manner with many interesting and in structive examples. References to current literature are in cluded. All operations in the use of clay, mining, preparation, mixing, forming, transportation, firing, packing, and testing, are noted. One of the most detailed chapters covers the causes and cure of about 90 defects found in finished clay products. The chapter on tests, analysis, and control gives details of instruments needed for control. The appendix contains references to 338 books published before 1928 and a list of 30 current journals. H.K.R. Engineering Method. J ohn Charles Lounsbury Fish. Stan ford University Press. Stanford. Calif., 1950. 186 pp.. 27 figures. Price 83.00.--`.`The Engineering Method," organized in this special volume from material presented originally in "The Engi neering Profession." formulates for students the system of logic and reasoning that is the mark of the practicing engineer. Xon- technical problems are solved by way of illustration, and the steps of the method are enlarged. F. then discusses practical condi tions that control the use of the engineering method and solves four problems. Inescapable uncertainties in engineering work are studied in the final section, together with ways of coping with them. General Survey of Work by Dr. Ryschkewitsch Largely in Field of Ceramics. Prepared by Captured Personnel and M aterial Branch, Military Intelligence Dtv.. L. S. War Department. B.I.O.S. Mite. Rept.. Xo. 107, 110 pp. H. M. Stationery Office. London. Price 9i. PB 97,646, Office of Tech , nical Services, Washington 05, D. C., price 52. ,5.--The paper is subdivided into five parts: (I) In a general survey, the exten sive work in electrochemistry and ceramics done by Rysch kewitsch is outlined. Of particular interest are the fundamental studies in the field of oxide ceramics, hich are described in his book (Ceram. Abstracts. 1949, Oct., p. 233g). and the successful evolution of a modem type of high-temperature gas- or liquid fuel-fired furnace. The production of sintered (shrunk) alumina, which was first started by Siemens (Werk Spandau) for heavy- duty spark plugs, was, under the auspices of R.. developed to full industrial size by Degussa. The high importance of shrunk alumina was also practically applied to hard tools, and jny contributions in this field were advanced by R. His further orl on high-refractive oxides included ZrO:. BeO, MgO, etc. Meth ods and numerical data on the physical properties of the shrunk oxides were systematically developed. The interesting problem of the "fuel element" with the highest possible thermodynamic efficiency was one of the first objectives of these studies of high resistance oxides. The rich field of hard alloys, especially of car bides and elementary boron, and the problem of mixed ceramics, particularly for gas-turbine blades, were extensively studied. (II) The yield strength of SiC with a ceramic binder for use as an abrasive is dealt with. The body, on a clay-feldspar-quartz basis, had the Seger formula 0.1 alkali, 0.2 Al-O*; 1.0 SiO;. The samples were pressed in steel molds, sintered, and examined by ceramic methods. The maximum strength of the mixtures was attained a t sintering temperatures increasing with the addition of SiC, as a consequence of the defective molecular contact of SiC with the ceramic bond. The coated grains support the silicate body with slight temporary deformation as long as their amount is not too large. ( I l l ; This part, published in Bcr. deut. kcram. Ces,, 1942, 1944. and 1945, concerns the bending strengths of pure shrunk oxide ceramics. These data and those in the follow ing p art (IV) belong to the fundamental facts of modem oxide ceramics and deserve a particularly careful study (for details see R ,'s book). (V) The chemical resistance of sintered oxides is discussed, especially of crucibles for laboratory use made of AljO>, BeO. Z rO i TtaO;. and spinel. The results are expressed in curves of "integral corrosion," at constant temperatures with molten soda and XaOH. Under special conditions, the chemical resistance of BeO can be considerably improved. W E.