Document NNE1VD20NNdvaQMr1oOOy5aJQ

FILE NAME: Lone Star Industries (LS) DATE: 19: DOC#: LS OCUMENT DESCRIPTION:D>ZZZ D *s 5 " i AGENDA BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING January 17, 1968 1Report of President Xa) Capital Expenditure: Property Purchase - France - $1,000,000 (b) Techite Pipe Manufacturing License (c) Major Capital Expenditures 2 Changes in Selling Prices - ^ Forecast of Earnings, 1968 4 Treasurer's Report (For information of of Cash and Securities - Board! ' -- ' Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting - 1 ' 6 Approval of Minutes Regular Board meeting of December 20, 1967 7 8 9 10 11 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000001 A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF JOHNSMANVILLE CORPORATION was held in the offices of the Corporation on the 11th floor at No, 22 East 40th Street, New York City, on Wednesday, the 17th day of January, 1968, at 9:00 in the fore noon. The following Directors were present, constituting the entire Board of Directors: Henry C. Alexander C. B. Burnett Edgar G. Burton F. E. Dutcher A. R. Fisher Joseph A. Grazier K. V. Lindell George P. MacNichol, F. H. May, Jr. William F. May John P. Schroeder A. C, Smith William C. Stolk Thomas E. Sunderland Jr. C. B. Burnett, President of the Corporation, acted as Chairman of the meeting and presided thereat and Herbert Morton Ball, Secretary of the Corporation, acted as Secretary of the meeting and kept the minutes thereof. , A notice of the meeting and affidavit of mailing the same to. all the Directors of the Corporation were presented to the meeting and, on motion, duly made, seconded, and unanimously carried, were ordered filed with the minutes of the meeting. The members of the Board of Directors had been furnished in advance of the meeting with most of the material which would be of value in aiding their consideration of the matters appearing in the agenda book. In his Monthly Report, the President reminded the Board that at the February 1967 meeting it had been informed that it was desirable to establish a headquarters location only for the French subsidiary operations. The Board had approved an expendi ture of $630,000 for the purchase of a property but this was not consummated as the property was bought by others. A more suitable purchase could now be made at a cost of $1,000,000. The present staff of J-M de France and certain administrative and managerial personnel of the International Division were temporarily housed in two separate and entirely inadequate locations in the Colombes area of Paris. For more than a year, a search had been made for a suitable location which would include not only sufficient office ) space, but also afford modest warehouse and parking facilities. H5 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000002 The Clipper Division of the Norton Company had made a tentative offer to sell their building in the St. Cloud area, since they were consolidating two operations in a larger building in another suburb of Paris. The report contained a complete description of the location, land, building and cost of the property. The Banque Europeenne de Credit a Moyen Terme had offered to lend a J-M com pany up to $1 million for ten years at 7.5% interest, with a guar antee by Johns-Manville Corporation. It was proposed to purchase the property at once. The Norton Company would require partial use of the building until mid 1969, and J-M would make a lease arrangement to them for the first floor area. The second floor would be used immediately by J-M. After discussion, and on motion, duly made and seconded, the proposal as presented to the meeting was unanimously approved. The President, in his report, also reminded the Board that a new pipe, TECHITE, had been brought to its attention at the December meeting. TECHITE Pipe was a new material developed by the United Technology Corp.y a subsidiary of United Aircraft Corporation, for fluid transmission. The composite structure of the product was polyester resin, filled with graded silica and reinforced with fiber glass rovings. The product in its present state of development was designed for use in both corro sive and non-corrosive environments and was competitive with clay for sewage lines 18" through 48" and for lower pressure water lines (water transmission, irrigation and drainage), with TRANSITE, 24" through 48", and with concrete with steel cylinder 24M-48" for both sewage and water transmission. TECHITE would also be competitive with pipe for transmission of industrial wastes, especially those of a corrosive nature. There was a strong likelihood that with the possible improvement of pipemaking technology, and lower cost resins, TECHITE would become competitive in the field for high pressure water lines especially in diameter 18" and above, and with diameters above 48" for sewer and lower pressure water transmission. . TECHITE Pipe, the Board was informed, should be superior in various qualities to vitrified clay, asbestos cement, cast iron, and concrete. The meeting was advised as to the advantages of TECHITE for these various competitive products. The Pipe Division recognized the need to enter the piping industry with a plastic reinforced product to hold certain of its markets as well as to improve its position in the industry. TECHITE offered an opportunity to do so. The Pipe Division had negoti ated with United Technology Corp. an agreement which would pro vide J-M with an exclusive license, know-how, and engineering designs to manufacture TECHITE Pipe in the United States and Canada. The exclusive license would be for a period of five years. The license would provide that if J-M should erect a plant west of the Mississippi River, other than at the J-M plant at Denison, Texas, during the five-year period, a payment of $1 -^Y5" j_ i % CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000003 million would be required in addition to payments aggregating $2 million, plus 2,% royalty on net sales for 17 years starting March 31, 1969, and a right to sub-license with 75% of fee and royalty received being paid to the United Technology Corp. The said corporation would furnish continuing know-how and reciprocally J-M would furnish United with its improvements in know-how. The meeting was informed that it was proposed to con struct a facility at the Denison plant with the capacity of $4 to $5 million annually at a cost of $1,500,000 and at later dates at a minimum of four other locations. Mr. Burnett, by means of charts, presented comparative costs on various types of pipe, and gave a comparative market growth forecast which provided for a 10% to 11% growth each year. He noted that the manufacturing labor cost was lower than the general J-M line of products. United had estimated the return at 16% but that a conservative figure of 12% had been arrived at by J-M. He explained to the meeting that failure to enter into such a license might mean the loss of 5,000-10,000 tons per year of TRANSITE business. TRANSITE was lower in cost on sizes 14" and under, but TECHITE had lower costs above 14". After an extended discussion, and on motion, duly made and seconded, the proposal as presented to the meeting was unani mously approved. The report also contained, for the information of the Board, a brief summary of the following major capital expenditures (over $500,000 each) that would be presented to the Board for con sideration in 1968: Expansion of Milling Facilities at Jeffrey Mine - $7,500,000; Facilities to Increase Capacity of Fiber Glass Textiles at Waterville Plant - $2,250,000; Facilities for the Production of Fiber Glass Insulation Produced by the Rotary Process at Penbryn Plant - $4,000,000; Increase Production of Filter Aids at Wissembourg, France - $750,000; $1,700,000. Environmental Control - Included in the President's Report were a summary on the status of appropriations expenditures, January 1, 1968, for plants and properties in the United States and Canada; status of expendi tures, January 1, 1968, for investments in other companies showing the amounts approved, the amounts advanced by J-M and the amounts expended locally; and the January 1 report of projects completed in November 1967. Under the heading of "Other Matters", the President's Report noted that securements in the month of December were lower than in November but were substantially higher than in December of last year. Building Products, Dutch Brand, and Industrial Insulations Divisions all established new records for annual sales. New monthly production records were established for mineral wool dVs" '-/y-n.'i CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000004 board at Alexandria, for fiber glass at Defiance G-26, G-28 and 11 G-30, and for THERMOBESTOS at Manville. The report also noted that at Reeves Mine agreement was reached on a three-year contract providing for a wage increase of 3-1/2% retroactive to September 11, 1967, and wage increases of 3-1/2%* in September 1968 and 4% in September 1969. Shift premiums i were increased from 9^5 and 13^ to 10^ and 14^ and a ninth paid i holiday was granted. A strike was in progress at Hayward Plant. The Longshoremen's Union had taken over from the Papermakers'Union approximately three months agc\. The appraisal of the situation > was that the strike would run for a long time. L The report also informed the meeting that as of December 31, 1967, 126,516 shares had been purchased under the Incentive J Stock Option Plan by 99 participants at prices ranging from $27.82 to $57.00. As of December 31, 1967, 3,056 employees had subscribed to 320,610 shares of stock, of which 296,295 shares had been paid i for in full and delivered. On the stock remaining under pledge, i subscribers had paid $386,416 and owed $758,534. The average sub ) scription price was $40.66. i There was then presented to the meeting a report showing changes in selling prices percentagewise by Divisions The Chairman of the meeting presented a report entitled "Forecast of Earnings, 1968", which formed part of the agenda. He noted that the forecast of earnings for 1968 was based on the ) premise that overall business activity in 1968 would be slightly higher than in 1967, recognizing at the same time that part of the gain in Gross National Product was represented by price increases. Housing starts during the year would decline somewhat from their present level, and for the year 1968 would be about the same as in 3 1967. Prospects for non-residential construction were that expendi i tures would increase little more than could be accounted for by cost increases. Company net sales for the calendar year 1968 were forecast at $525 million, or 2.5% higher than the current estimate of $512 million for 1967. The forecast assumed some improvement i in prices, principally in the Asbestos Fibre, Pipe, and Industrial Insulations Divisions. Much of the sales increase would occur in the second quarter of 1968. During this period in 1967, sales t seasonally adjusted were at a low point for the year. Net earn ings at $32 million would be $3.84 per share for 1968 compared to the current estimate of $30 million or $3.59 per share in 1967. The Chairman called attention to the Treasurer's Report of Cash and Securities as of December 31, 1967, which formed part of the agenda in the possession of the Directors. He noted that since the date of the Board's recommendation, courtesy bank accounts had been reduced from 41 to 10 and compensatory accounts from 18 to 7. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000005 ! --i.. & -A ' Alt ' Y T I 1 This memo distributed to Board of Directors and discussed at the January 17, 1968, Board i mooting. Item not on aqendn. f -- --j "1 tj ' v esaW' w * I miiipin ^ CT* c. ! I ~r ' ^Afff - # r j ii --i. h* .iwJi v ' ; A^ i i 'Va,> t^ir^ < , rtS 1 'Tf- f*, ; - ><><: f IJrf-'''-- .4" w irviriiW " ,_jft '**: ^91 U ' * 6i<'. " I ttrtl- r n f ' - -- Inf AA|S r- JL, " ^ M*W' --- mmmm i ~f * ' ilMHSteSrsr CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000006 f Asbestos-IIealth FACTS Asbestos is a recognized toxic mineral hazard. a health Asbestos is recognized as causing Asbestosis, a fibrous condition of the lung. Asbestos fiber is not known to be a carcinogen (cancer causing agent) but is probably a co-carcinogen (co-cancer causing agent) among people industrially exposed to it. Asbestos does not affect, to the same degree, all those who are exposed to it. The effects of asbestos are both time-related and dose-related. The amounts of asbestos dust that can befully tolerated by the human are presently unknown. It has been shown that all so-called "asbestos bodies" found in human lungs are not truly asbestos. The effect of asbestos on human health is probably limited to those who mine, mill. fabricate and apply asbestos or asbestos-containing products. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000007 There is no evidence of any risk to the general public from the use of finished asbestos products. The effect on the public living in asbestos or asbestos product areas is not totally known but is probably remote. Crocidolite asbestos fiber appears to be more hazardous to humans than either Chrysotile or Amosite asbestos fiber. The standards of allowable dust in asbestos mining, milling and manufacturing operations is; currently being reviewed. It may result in reducing these allowable limits to near-zero. NEEDS Codes of Practice for miners, millers. fabricators and users of asbestos fiber or asbestos-containing products are currently being prepared and need to be adopted and rigidly followed. Further dust control is needed at many mines, mills and manufacturing plants in the asbestos industry, both inside and outside the facilities. The asbestos industry must maintain an open-minded attitude on the asbestos-health question with all news media, a willingness to discuss all phases of the question. Not only that the CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000008 3 asbestos industry must issue positive statements and written articles to the news media as the British asbestos industry has done and must be willing to answer all critical items which appear in the news media. The asbestos industry must be willing to contact public officials who make public statements or introduce legislation that is damaging to the industry, and present the facts on the asbestos-health question. PLANNED ACTION J-M will not wait for possible future reductions in acceptable dust levels. A program has been undertaken to reduce asbestos dust levels in all mines, mills and plants to a point below the presently acceptable limits. J-M is taking a position of industry leadership in preparing Codes of- Practice for miners. millers, fabricators and users of asbestos and asbestos-containing products: in all activities of the QAMA, particularly with respect to the asbestos-health question; CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000009 4 * mm^ -- 3. in co-sponsoring and co-financing scientific research studies in the asbestos-health area; 4. in all relations with the news media, issuing statements and articles as needed and answering critical items that appear in the TOedia-; 5. in contacting civic and public health officials who make statements or introduce legislation that is damaging to the asbestos industry; 6. in providing both information and raw materials to government agencies and to all researchers seriously interested in studying the asbestos-health question. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000010 / I General Headquarters January 15, 1968 C. B. Burnett ASBESTOS AND HEALTH Report for the Board of Directors r The attached report, documenting activities on asbestos and health from June 1, 1966 to January 1, 1968, is submitted for your presentation to the Board of Directors. Attach. F. J. Solon, Jr. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000011 ( TO: The Board of Directors Report of Activity On HEALTH ASPECTS OP ASBESTOS June lf 1966 to January 1, 1968 t I January 15, 4968 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000012 January 15# 1968 Report of Activity On HEALTH ASPECTS OF ASBESTOS I. GENERAL BACKGROUND Attached for reference is the only prior report to the Board on this subject, dated June 10, 1966. (Appendix A) It traces the origin of the asbestos-health problem and activities undertaken by Johns-Manville between March and June 1966. This status report summarizes what has transpired since June 1966 and discusses current projects. II. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL In March 1967 Johns-Manville established a new Department of Environmental Control. Its director, Ed Fenner, a mechanical engineer by training, reports to A. C. Smith, Senior Vice i Presideht for Research, Development and Engineering. He directs a coordinated approach to the overall J-M environmental control situation dealing with both employee and general public. covering all divisions, plants and mines. Every 60 days, this group gives C. B. Burnett and the President's Staff a detailed briefing on environmental control activities, backed up by a carefully documented written report. More CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000013 -2- As indicated by the attached extract from the November 1, ( 1967 Report (Appendix B), priority attention is being given to locations where asbestos dust levels are higher than we consider acceptable. Because Johns-Manville was one of the first industrial firms to take a "total environment" approach and set up a special department, we have had favorable publicity in several trade publications, including OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS. A reprint of the latter article is attached (Appendix C). One project to which the Environmental Control Department is giving high priority is the development of "Codes of Practice" V for the guidance of contractors and customers who handle and work with asbestos-containing products in the field. Several of these booklets are presently being prepared by the EC working with the Public Relations Department. III. MEDICAL ADVISOR In November, C. B. Burnett announced the appointment of Dr. George W. Wright as Consultant to the President on medical matters. Dr. Wright, Head of the Department of Medical Research at Saint Luke's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, is a recognized authority on asbestos and human health. A copy of his "Curriculum Vitae" is attached (Appendix D). More CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000014 -3- IV. ENVIRONMEMTAL HEALTH COMMITTEE To make certain that J-M takes a coordinated, high priority approach to the asbestos/health problem. C.B. Burnett early in 1957,'designated an "Environmental Health Committee," under the chairmanship of F. J. Solon, Jr / Vice President, Advertising and Public Relations. This Committee, which meets bi-monthly to review progress, problems and plans, is composed of the following personnel; C. B. Burnett, President H. M. Ball, Senior Vice President, General Counsel E. M. Fenner, Director, Environmental Control H. M. Jackson, Manager, Industrial Relations and Development K. V. Lindell, Senior Vice President Asbestos Fiber Division A. B. Marchant, Senior Vice President Industrial Relations W. P. Raines Director of Public Relations Ivan Sabourin, Legal Counsel to the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association C. L. Sheckler, Manager, Occupational Environmental Control A. C. Smith, Senior Vice President Research, Development & Engineering F. J. Solon, Jr., Vice President, Advertising and Public Relations Dr. George W. Wright, Medical Consultant to the President more T" ~ ? CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000015 V ( -4- V. PUBLIC RELATIONS ACTIVITIES Following are highlights of the public relations activities. in connection with the asbestos/health problem, that have been undertaken by the J-M Public Relations Department with the assistance of Hill & Knowlton, our Public Relations Counsel, during the past 18 months: A. PUBLIC RELATIONS MATERIALS Attached is a precisely worded statement titled "Asbestos and Human Health" (Appendix E) which summarizes presently known scientific facts concerning the relationship between asbestos and human health. It was developed by the Public Relations, Industrial Relations, Research and Environmental Control Departments and was reviewed and cleared by all members of the aforementioned Environmental Health Committee. Quotes from this statement will be used, as needed, by the President, Chairman of Canadian Johns-Manville, Vice President for Finance, Vice President and General Counsel, Controller, the Environmental Control Department and the Public Relations Department in handling inquiries from stockholders, financial analysts, public officials, the press and other outside groups. more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000016 -5- In addition, copies of "Asbestos and Human Health" have been distributed to Senior Officers, Division General Managers, Division Staff Managers, District Sales Managers, Plant and Mine Managers and Industrial Relations Managers at all J-M locations. B. BACKGROUND PAPERS We contemplate that this basic statement will answer most questions on the asbestos/liealth problem. However, for those dealing with scientific writers, the general press. financial analysts, etc # we decided it advisable to have greater detail available on a number of specific aspects of the asbestos/health question. Therefore, preparation is underway on seven "background papers" that will be, in effect, appendices to the basic position paper. Subjects include asbestos-cement pipe, asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestos bodies, types of asbestos, asbestos ancj the general public. C. ACTION PROGRAM The development and use of the basic statement and the background papers, are part of an overall public relations action program that has been developed and approved by the Environmental Health Committee. A copy of this action ( program is attached (Appendix F). more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000017 -6- D. HANDLING PRESS RELATIONS IN THE MANVILLE. NEW JERSEY AREA In August, 1967, THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION published an article by four doctors at Somerset Hospital, Somerville, New Jersey, who said they had diagnosed 17 cases of mesothelioma, a very rare form of ancer, among patients living in the vicinity of the Johns-Manville Plant at Manville, New Jersey. They associated this frequency of mesothelioma with asbestos. On Sunday, September 10, 1967 the NEWARK-STAR LEDGER ran a Page One article (Appendix G), reporting on this finding. Subsequently, every newspaper covering the general area of New Jersey where the Manville Plant is located ran articles on the subject. Although the basic statement had not been finalized at that time, the public relations Department worked with Legal, Industrial Relations and Environmental Control in developing interim statements that were used to help answer the accusations. In every case, the company was successful in working with editors in the development of follow-up articles that, while they did not absolve asbestos, did present the matter in an objective and realistic light and removed it from the "epidemic scare" atmosphere that had been generated by the initial reports. Attached more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000018 -7- is a typical follow-up article, from the SOMERSET MESSENGER GAZETTE (Appendix H). E. ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE ALLEGATIONS Late in November, 1967 allegations about the possible hazard of drinking water supplied through asbestos-cement pipe were introduced into a politically-oriented fight in the metropolitan government of Nashville, Tennessee. Briefly -- for many years only cast iron pipe. supplied by one vendor, has been used in the Nashville water system. The Purchasing Committee of the City Council introduced the idea of asbestos-cement pipe as a possible alternate to cast iron. Through means, not entirely clear at present. Dr. James Snell, a medical professor at Vanderbilt University, was inspired to write the head of the Nashville Metropolitan Water Department, expressing concern about the safety of asbestos-cement pipe, in view of the publicity that asbestos had received as an alleged cancer-causing agent. Dr. Snell's letter is attached (Appendix I). Publication of Dr. Snell's letter in the NASHVILLE BANNER (Appendix J) and announced plans by the Purchasing ( Committee of the City Council to visit J-M's Manville Plant more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000019 -8- generated considerable publicity and attention in Nashville. ' Working with the Pipe Division, arrangements were made to host the city councilmen and Dr. George W. Wright talked with the group at length on asbestos/liealth. He put the problem into perspective by emphasizing that asbestos appears to be, at most, an occupational hazard that is definitely dose-related. He stated that there is no evidence to support Dr. Snell's allegation that the use of asbestos-cement water pipe might cause cancer. Dr. Wright's comments were given prominence by the NASHVILLE TENNESSEEAN, the city's largest circulation newspaper, in its December 12, 1967 issue, clipping attached (Appendix K). Following their return, the Nashville councilmen made further favorable comment about asbestos-cement pipe <to the newspapers. (Appendix L). Shortly after his talk with the Nashville group. Dr. Wright put his verbal comments into written form in a letter addressed to F. J. Solon, Jr. (Appendix M). A further outgrowth of the Nashville situation has been the stated intent (based upon letters from Nashville officials) by the U. S. Department of Health, Education more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000020 -9- and Welfare, to investigate the alleged health hazards of asbestos-cement pipe. Photocopies of the damaging November 30th NASHVILLE BANNER article questioning asbestos-cement pipe began turning up in various other parts of the country, in the hands of officials charged with specification or purchase of water pipe. We had sufficient evidence to indicate these clippings were being placed by people connected with the cast iron pipe industry. So, with legal counsel present and all proceedings tape recorded, a meeting was held at J-M's invitation on January 3, 1968, among the four principal manu facturers of asbestos-cement pipe with the Director of the American Water Works Association also present. These future courses of action were determined: 1. The need to visit informally with personnel of the i , Department of Health, Education and Welfare, to determine the future course of the proposed investiga tion of asbestos-cement pipe and the feasibility of . broadening such an investigation to include all types of pipe carrying potable water. 2. The Director of Public Relations and Hill and Knowlton to proceed with a background paper on asbestos-cement pipe. more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000021 -10- 3. The General Counsel of Johns-Manville, as authorized by the other asbestos-cement manufacturers, to discuss with the Counsel for the Cast Iron Pipe Research Institute the poor advisability of using health hazard allegations as a device to promote the sale of any type of water pipe. F. GOVERNMENTAL INTEREST In addition to the above-stated involvement of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare with asbestos-cemant pipe, several other indications of interest in asbestos and health, at the government level, are worthy of note. President Johnson's comments to a group of labor editors and Surgeon General Stewart1s remarks at a Senate hearing are contained in our June 10, 1966 report to the Board. In addition. New Jersey Congressman Patten of Perth Amboy, in September 1967, introduced a bill designed to set standards in Asbestos manufacturing and transportation. Attached is a copy of the newsletter (Appendix N) to his constituents, in which Representative Patten explains his proposed legislation. This Patten Bill received very little national publicity and the best information now that it is most unlikely that any action will be taken upon this proposed legislation. more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000022 \ ( -11- To date, none of these actions has led to serious governmental interference with the asbestos industry but such interference as well as congressional investigation, remain quite distinct possibilities. G. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION ADDRESS In October 1967, F. J. Solon, Jr/ Vice President, Advertising and Public Relations, delivered a paper on the subject "Communicating the Effectiveness of Industry's Hazard and Pollution Controls - Whose Job?" to the annual meeting of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation in Pittsburgh. He stressed both the importance of positive communication by industry of the facts regarding its occupational and environmental control problems, and the responsibility of medical and scientific people to challenge those of their colleagues who make sensational charges merely for the sake of publicity, without backup proof. The paper is \ . being printed and distributed by IHF. H. Monitoring, Evaluating and Circulating Medical Articles, Newspaper and Magazine Clippings,etc. An important public relations activity is the continuous monitoring of medical journals, both domestic and foreign, as well as newspapers, magazines and radio and television programs, for scientific papers and articles relating to asbestos and health. more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000023 -12- Since these medical papers and publicity mentions are too voluminous to enable mention of each in a report of this length, only the most significant ones are summarized as follows: I. Medical Journal and Meeting Reports Dr. Irving J. Selikoff, Head of Medical Research at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York and Dr. E.G. Hammond, Chief Statistician of the American Cancer Society, reported in June 1967 that the combined effects of exposure to asbestos dust along with cigarette smoking results in a greatly increased risk of lung cancer. However, they reported no lung cancer found among non-smoking asbestos workers in this particular study. Drs. Selikoff and Hammond, in another study. reported (October 1967) that 50 percent of the autopsied lungs of New York City residents exhibited so-called "asbestos bodies," although the finding was not related to any specific disease nor to the cause of death. Drs. Demy and Adler of Somerset Hospital, Somerville, New Jersey, reported (July 1967) 47 cases of lung cancer and mesothelioma (cancer of the walls of the chest and abdominal cavity) among residents of the more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000024 -13- area. This was attributed to asbestos exposure through previous employment at Johns-Manville. . Four other physicians from the same hospital Dr. Borow and associates , reported (August 1967) that 17 cases of mesothelioma had been discovered within a three-year period among residents of the Manville area. Two of these patients had not had occupational asbestos exposure. They speculated on the relationship to asbestos in the area. . Researchers at the Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pittsburgh, (Dr. Gross and associates) reported (September 1967) producing lung cancer in rats exposed to asbestos dust. These workers noted that the asbestos dust used was highly contaminated with trace metals, which may have induced the t cancers. Dr. Gross and associates, in another study, reported (November 1967) that growths similar to "asbestos bodies" can be produced by other substances, leading to the suggestion that such bodies of unkown origin ( should be called "ferruginous bodies" (iron-like bodies) until their actual composition is known. more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000025 -14- Researchers of the U. S. P\ablic Health Service (Cralley and associates), analyzed samples of chrysotile used in the asbestos textile industry and reported (October 1967) finding significant contamination with trace metals (nickel, chromium and manganese) which should be considered in studies of cancer in asbestos-exposed people. II. Asbestos and Health Stories in the Lav Press . The WASHINGTON POST-LOS ANGELES TIMES SYNDICATE distributed a story by science writer Harry Nelson based on the Demy and Adler cancer paper, which was printed in many newspapers. (August 1967) (Appendix 0) The same syndicate distributed a story in December 1967 by Thomas 0'Toole of the WASHINGTON POST based on a review of several mesothelioma-asbestos ' medical papers (Appendix P). A press conference held at the annual meeting of the American Medical Association resulted in extensive news coverage of the SeliTcoff and Hammond paper on asbestos and smoking. (June 1967) V (Appendix Q) more CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000026 -15- An erroneous "scare" story appeared in CHEMICAL WEEK. This was prominently corrected in a later issue. (September and October 1966) (Appendices R and S). A news release sent out by the American Medical Association resulted in many newspaper stories about "asbestos bodies" found in autopsied lungs. (June 1966) (Appendix T). A news release issued by the U. S. Public Health Service resulted in stories about a Seminar on asbestos and health. (December 1966) (Appendix U) VI.COORDINATION WITH BRITISH ASBESTOS INDUSTRY Close liaison is maintained with the British asbestos industry in connection with asbestos and human health. Medical articles and publicity stories appearing in the United States and Great Britain are exchanged on a regular basis. Upon several occasions representatives of the British Medical and Public Relations groups have visited New York and discussed strategies applicable to the two countries. VII. MEDICAL CONFERENCE AT ANTIQUA In November, forty interested medical experts from all more .. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000027 -16- over the world attended a conference at Antigua, BWI, designed to discuss the current thinking on the relation ship of asbestos and health. This was the second meeting of the group, which was organized in 1965 by the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association, under the leadership of J-M Senior Vice President Karl Lindell. There was a good and free exchange of points of view and information at this second conference. Karl Lindell reports that the biggest single benefit was the direct personal confrontation between various individuals pursuing diverse paths and theses in seeking answers to the medical and biological effects of asbestos. There was good dialogue among these men, which confirms the validity of the original idea of organizing the group and of holding periodic conferences. VIII. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES As tstated in the basic position paper, research into the health effects of asbestos is being sponsored by Johns-Manville and, in some instances, other asbestos manufacturers at a number of locations. The current status of the most important of these studies is summarized in the attached excerpt (Appendix V) from "Environmental Control Report #3." more .... CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000028 -17- And a -memoranduin (Appendix W) from the Environmental Control Department, outlines supplemental studies that have been initiated as a result of the above-mentioned accusation concerning asbestos-cement pipe. # # # # ( CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000029 / '/ V = Appendix A C. B. Burnett GENERAL HEADQUARTERS June 10, 1966 Summary of Activity to Date Public Relations Project " .On Public Health Aspects of J-M Products The attached report is submitted for your presentation to the Board of Directors. . F. J. Solon, Jr. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000030 June 10, 1'66 RECENT ACTIVITIES ON PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS OF J-M PRODUCTS General Background In recent months, in the public press and in articles appearing * in medical and scientific literature, asbestos is being pointed . to as constituting a possible problem of public health. The problem is two-fold: Occupational; Scientific studies are going far beyond asbestos mining and primary handling into a much I broader occupational group, including workers at the second and third stages of use of asbestos. f i fl Environmental: increasingly, researchers in asbestos are extending their concern to exposures of the general public. With this escalating public emphasis on and governmental attention to air pollution as a health hazard, this area of concern is bound to attract more attention from medical and scientific research people. For-example, the wearing of asbestos-base brake linings and clutch facings, the scuffing of asbestos-asphalt and vinyl-asbestos floor tile, the weathering of asbestos-based ( building boards and roofing are being pointed to by CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000031 2 t t I- researchers as putting asbestos fiber into the air as a contaminant A : r f L-^-u ( CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000032 3- The following chain of events is significant: October 1964 Symposium on Asbestos sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences, organized and co-chaired by Dr. I. J. Selikoff and.his associate, J. Churg. The weekend prior to this meeting. Dr. Selikoff released three articles to the press, quoting out .* t of context various preprints of papers to be given by medical participants at the Symposium- These releases were largely one-sided, strongly pointing up a link between lung cancer and asbestos. Because of group action by the British medical men present, declaring from the- meeting floor that they deplored Dr. Selikoffs publicity-grabbing attempts and threatening to i alk out of the meeting, the press largely disregarded the material released to them by Selikoff. To our knowledge, only one article appeared -- in The Newark, N. J. Evening News. At this same - meeting. Dr. Selikoff presented his own findings from a study of Eastern area asbestos workers, emphasizing his claim of an asbestos-cancer link. March 1966 - At the dedication of his Environmental Health Laboratory at Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York City, Dr. Selikoff repeated his claim of an elevated incidence of cancer among those exposed to asbestos dust. Press material was released, this time .it the wire services and was used by The New York Times, Washington Evening Star and a good number of local papers across the U. S. and in Canada, and on radio and television stations. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000033 ' jt' ' ' : * 4 * . May 3. 1966 Dr. Selikoff was featured on a coast-to-coast radio program ("Dimensions - CBS Network - 12:00 to 12:50 P.M.) which began with the commentator announcing to a background of drum rolls and martial music - "They've found another killer in the air ... Asbestos!" He also appeared on WOR, New York City. May 10, 1966 - New York Mayor Lindsay's Task Force on Air * Pollution, in their final report, named asbestos dust from brake linings as an air contaminant. May 1966 - With the headline "Asbestos As An Urban Air Contaminant", an article by two South African and one American researcher was published in the Archives of Pathology of the American Medical Association. It pointed out that in a study in Miami, Florida of 500 consecutive autopsies of the general public over a 15-year period. "asbestos bodies" were found in the lungs of 30% of the males and 20^ of the females. As a result of their findings. * the researchers said: " An increase in the frequency of malignant mesotheliomfi of pleura and peritoneum is forecast rather than pulmonary disease or disability." Coincident with publication of this article, the May issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association published an editorial emphasizing the importance of the Archives article. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000034 On May 23r<3 the AMA also released material to the press on both the article and the editorial. This was given extensive publication by the wire services and local press across the U. S. and in Canada. Also on May 23rd, President Johnson in his remarks to a gathering of Labor Press Editors had this to say in part: "The time has also come to do something about the effects of a working man's job on his health. This problem has been neglected too long. It must be neglected no longer. "Since World War II dozens of new materials and hundreds of new manufacturing processes have been introduced into our factories. And new hazards have come with them. "We do not know the full, long-range impact of these hew hazards on the health of our workers. "We do not know enough about what really happens to men and women who handle chemicals, plastics. asbestos, petroleum products, and glass. "But we do .know that the hazards are real. We i do know that work-related diseases and other physical and mental disorders are on the rise. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000035 - 6- That trend must be reversed -- and we are moving to reverse it. "I am directing the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to make an intensified study of occupation health. He will report to me at the earliest possible moment on what this Government can do: "--First, to isolate and eliminate the hazards that now exist; and ( "--Second, to test new products and processes so that precautions can be taken to prevent health hazards before they occur. "We are no longer content in America with achieving only)the "greatest good for the greatest number." Today, the measure we apply to our national pro gress is how much we improve the lot of all, and especially of those who have the least." The President's remarks were given detailed coverage in the the New York Times and newspapers across the country. I June 8. 1966 - In his appearance before the Senate Subcommittee on Water and Air Pollution, Surgeon General William H. Stewart CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000036 7 pointed up the public health hazards of a number of materials including lead, pesticides, beryllium, cadmium, fluorides. mercury, plastics and asbestos. Regarding asbestos, he said in part: "the- occupational hazards of prolonged exposure ^ to asbestos dust are widely known. The possible community environmental hazards are a subject of increasing concern among scientists * "Because of its durability and heat resistance, asbestos is widely used in such products as brake linings, roofing, insulation and household tile. Some of its uses involve almost constant wear. with the result that asbestos particles are released into the atmosphere." The Surgeon General's remarks were covered by the New York Times and the wire services. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000037 ' i y ' -"t " - 8- THE RATIONALE - Our initial studies of the scientific literature, symposium papers, press articles and other available materials present these facts: Published research work on asbestos provides a rather * " . r ' ' neat set of hypotheses for current thinking about cancers, especially lung cancer: 1. A higher-than-expected incidence among those known or thought to have been exposed to"asbestos. 2. Increased longevity among over-exposed workers. whose predecessors might have died at an earlier age from . ' whatever cause, but the longer-lived contemporaries are living through the "latent" period to a lung-cancer age. i 3. Lung damage related to, or thought to be related to, inhalation of asbestos fibers, fitting in with the theory that lung cancer is more likely to occur in damaged lungs (by mechanical or bacterial or viral damage.) 4. The suspected presence of a strong (animal) carcinogen, 3,4 benzpyrene actually present in (some) asbestos. 5. The claimed strong affinity for asbestos of this same carcinogen, and perhaps others of the same class -- / the polynuclear hydrocarbons. This would appeal strongly I to those who theorize that lung cancer results from a combina- tion of factors which result basically in a heavier deposition CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000038 of airborne (including cigarette smoke) carcinogens in some lungs than in others, because of a condition that would -9- . V permit accumulation of such "'cancer-causing substances in . one spot over a period of years. ' - 6. The apparent association of asbestos with a mesothelioma, considered a rare type of lung cancer, which will give a handle for labeling this type of tumor as an "asbestos" tumor. z:- z 7. The claimed findings of "asbestos bodies" in lungs of people who never seemed to have been exposed to anything other than the ambient air -- no occupational exposures to asbestos, and the finding of more such "asbestos i >: ( bodies" in people who live closer to (but not at) asbestos mines or factories. Those who seek to implicate asbestos can put such i theories together in a way to conjecture that, with the (a) long latent period. (b) greater use of asbestos and there- fore greater exposures. (c) peculiar type of lung cancer -- mesothelioma, and (d) lung"damage plus carcinogen theory. they will be able to find more and more lung (and perhaps other) cancer associated with the presence of asbestosis or asbestos bodies. And, since there was relatively little looking for such in previous years, it is almost certain that they will be able to find and report this increase. no matter what really is responsible for it -- whether an artifact of reporting or what. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000039 . Unfortunately, there appears to be little or nothing in the scientific literature that actually contradicts or refutes such findings and indications. - 10 - There are, of course, questions but these are not always plus questions. Some of them are: i -* 1. Despite the apparent elevated rate of lung cancer among those exposed to asbestos, the rate is still relatively I low compared to all causes of death. 2. Among certain asbestos workers, the lung cancer rate does not appear to be out of line with that of the general population. (But these are not general studies.) 3. The specificity of asbestos to so-called "asbestos bodies" appears to be in some dispute; that is, the pathological entity that is called an "asbestos body" might actually be caused by some other irritant. However, there are those who claim they can tell the true "asbestos" body from other kinds. 4. Some differences of opinion exist as to the relative hazards of different kinds of asbestos, indicating a possible area of dispute as to whether it is "asbestos" that may be involved or particular kinds of asbestos. 5. The epidemiological (or population) studies have been limited in scope and subject to some criticism as to their applicability"to general population. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000040 11 6. Relatively little is known about the mesothelioma that is associated by some studies with asbestos, even including its previous incidence. ' 7. Other mineral, dust, and chemical exposures may be involved, so that "asbestos" per se may not be a sole or the most important factor, but this is a relatively weak point if the other factors are associated with asbestos uses. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000041 12-- . ACTION BY JOHNS-MANVILLE AM) THE ASBESTOS INDUSTRY , Since the Symposium of the New York Academy of Sciences in October 1964, these actions have been taken; Quebec Asbestos Mining Association QAMA (Karl V. Lindell, General Manager of the J-M Asbestos Fibre Division, is a leading participant member).convened a - ' study conference at Antigua, BWI in November 1965, attended by 3 I interested medical experts from all over the world, designed to discuss the current thinking on the occupational health of asbestos workers. An Ad Hoc Health Committee was formed out of the'Antigua meeting. which subsequently established the "Asbestos Health Research Council"of QAMA. A Scientific Committee of this Council was set up under Dr. George Wright of Cleveland to advise the Council on such research programs as the epidemiological study t just begun'by Dr. MacDonald of McGill University, Montreal; the establishment of a library and accumulation of a body of knowledge on the general subject of asbestos as related to occupational health; organization of symposia or other scientific meetings as appropriate, plus other activities as may be required. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000042 J-M Task Force Group - 13 - We have established a Task Force Group headed by F. J. Solon,Jr$ made up of Corporate officers and staff from the corporate nanageinent, industrial relations, medical, marketing and public relations areas. This group is coordinating all activities bearing on what we now call: "Public Health Aspects of JohnsManville Products". Public Relations Counsel J-M has retained tas of May 16, 1966) Hill & Knowlton, Inc - $ long-established, worldwide public relations counsel to advise us on public health aspects of all J-M raw materials and finished products. Bill and Knowlton's initial assignment from J-M is to assemble and interpret existing information and medical research findings so as to: a. Determine J-M's potential exposure in the area of public health. b. Determine the "ammunition", if any, that presently exists which would be suitable to rebut public criticism and answer questions from employees, customers, etc. c. Determine possible directions medical research might take to ( fill .gaps in existing information. . d. Determine possible areas Manville Research might examine, with CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000043 - 14 - respect to health-related characteristics of some of our own as well as competitive products (e.g. Transite vs. cast iron pipe). Asbestos Textile Institute , Membership is made up of most asbestos textile manufacturers ;and asbestos mining companies. This group is cooperating in a study, begun in 1962 by the U. 5. Public Health Service This study concerns environmental and medical aspects of asbestos as it relates to the worker. USPHS researchers have conducted phases of this study at our Manville, Marshville and Denison plants. We estimate the study is about 50% finished at this time. completion expected by 1969. . Industrial Hygiene Foundation This foundation is set-up at the Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh. J-M, along with such other companies as Owens-Corning, Pittsburgh Plate, Certain-teed, U.S. Rubber, is now in final consideration of a Foundation proposal to study fibrous material of chrysotile asbestos, glass, cellulose', and such binder materials as phenal and chrome. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000044  * '* v 'i *' 15 - Upcoming Congress of American College of Chest Physicians - We plan attendance and possible participation at the World Congress of the American College of Chest Physicians in Copenhagen, August 21 - 25, at which Dr. Selikoff is heading a panel on esbestosis. Press coverage of doctors and researchers who will speak out in opposition to Selikoff's claims will be arranged as needed or indicated by Selikoff's own press activities at the Congress. Hill & Knowlton's New York and overseas offices will work on this latter phase of activity. V. Interim Position Statements :The J-M Task Force Group has issued and will continually update a statement of facts on the public health, aspects of asbestos. This will assist J-M management people in answering questions On this subject from inside and outside the company. All press clippings/ radio and television reports and significant scientific writings will also be distributed as soon as they appear. # # # ( CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000045 1^2E3:ERPT- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL Report # 3 November l, 1967 > Appc;ndix B , )CCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL PRIORITIES REPORT SECTION #1, JUNE 1, 1967 (Pages 3-4) MANVILLE, WAUKEGAN, PITTSBURG AND MARRERO STATIONS ABOVE MAC AND UNSTABLE " . The Environmental Control Report til, dated overall occupational environmental control June 1, 1967, Indicated that our problems are voluminous. For reasons stated in the June Report, it was specific locations and problems. Maximum essential to emphasis was assign placed priorities to on eliminating toxic dust exposures at Manville, Waukegan, Pittsburg and Marrero. Our Report #2, dated August 1, 1967 summarized the activities and progress of dust abatement at the four priority locations. - At the General Managers meeting of August discussion of Environmental Control. Mr-. 28, the Burnett afternoon was devoted to a emphasized the need for cleaner pmilnainmtisz,eidmprreolvaeteddwloirakbiinlgitcyo.ndiAtisoenvs,enrepdouicnttioEnnviorfooncmceunptaatlioConnatlroIlnjCuormipeasnayndpolicy wPraascteiscteasblfiosrheIdn.duIstnricaoln'jhuyngciteinoen.wiHtohusethkeeeppoilnigcya.ndEPnrvoidrouncmteTnotxailcoCloongtyrowleSrteandard reviewed and approved. Subsequently, these E. C. Standard Practices were dis tributed to all J-M locations. "Ourlng this reporting period, we have experienced a publicity regarding the adverse effects of asbestos great deal of on the health newspaper of workers. Much of this newspapers. publicity originated Many of the articles and was concentrated in the New Jersey included statements by local physicians and referred to our Manville Plant by name. In by addition to Congressman the adverse news publicity, a bill was introduced in the House Patten of New Jersey to establish and enforce standards to protect the worker by insuring safer producing safer materials. The bill working has not conditions and the public by moved out of committee and is being i watched carefully- The need for immediate clean-up action at all operations and especially the four priority locations was made evident by: A. The establishment of J-M Environmental Control policies and standards. B. Increased news media attacks concerning the use of asbestos. C. Proposed federal legislation to regulate the use of asbestos. aErngeinbeeeirnigngmaadsesiagtnmtehnetsp,riaopriptryoplroicaattiioonnss,. imTphreoveednvhioruosnemkeenetpailngimapnrdovgeemneenrta,lhporwoegvreers,s is It not progressing rapidly enough in view of the is essential, cherefore, that every effort be recent developments in New Jersey. made to increase dust abatement work at Manville, Waukegan, Pittsburg and Marrero. .Manville Plant should be given first consideration among On March 23, 1967, a Manville Plant Managers meeting was the four priority locations. held subsequent to dis 1 . cussion program fwoirthcothnetrPorloldiuncgtdiuosntMtaonawgietrhsi,n otuhtelianlilnogwaabnleeitghhrteesehnolmdontlhimciotnsc.entPrraotgerdess bias been made but there are currently a number E. M. Fennar and C. L. Sheckler will again meet of stations out of control. with the Manville Plant Managers on , November-2, 1967 to review the program and emphasize the target date. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000046 CCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL PRIORITIES (Cont' d . ) A special Task Force Team has been activated by the Packings and Friction Materials Division to study and Initiate asbestos textile dust control measures In conjunction with DPE and E. C. Control measures developed for the Manvllle textile operation will be applied at Marshville and Asbestos, where possible. The Asbestos Plant has been developing a card enclosure that may be successful In minimizing dust at the carding operations of all J-M asbestos textile plants. : ; V:i . *Mi * r ti f; i: i f li j r r | >! 1] ii ( ! CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000047 b Appendix C miAl # @i" Jolhiras /^ODUVDOU i_p--- ^r -s --rr ,. "" /issi . ,'A.%r.*s&s- ' i Sc V 1 ;' . ; ; ..{..ii^a : # :*<Ar*. 'ira * (j> ' t ? _ , - These days, safety-security directors C K flre TiSht at homc u'",, safety, fire ' t ''^~"r i _ . \;, 7 'i.'uOsI b'". X" ' 7 \ >7 )( \ 1 etp- 'V.t- ,A vy;K/ Ni / V\ \j ^ i jl; . ' 7^ ^ . : ~ IT ^ e .11 j7il protection, and plant security. W/ien you add industrial hygiene to tJie list, > I _ 'Jjv 1 there's no quarrel that it doesn't prop- i i r Z y belong, though, sonic SSD's arc v - VV* \ f ^=7: " -'* -- " vV--' ^--"1 vaguely apologetic about f0 tIiat programs. their lack of their t | . _-l Tflc/: on air and icatcr pollution r i '-.'.r jj and product liability, as we did in jj ~ L this issue, and eyebrows start to climb. \ There are some who immediately see i i r ' - .J.. -. J l t h e c o n n e c t i o n , s o m e w h o d a b b l e i n INDUSTRIAL hygiint aisis^nt checlt wortlng conditions on pcoduefion lini. ' those three areas and anticipate step ping up their activties, a few who already have firm, direct responsihil- 1^5. 'j. . J #es in air pollution, water pollution, " j.y/ani product liability. , V i?-- TAe fact remains, though, that \ V- '"Tr' {*-""' _i many SSD's don't ycf see themselves :\ in pollution control or product liabil- WK" "^ tc--.: - --> \, i'-i.'! ty' h '/xJ ' t&gj -rj.'?-;*.}. S j- -- Cv 'C'i-.... i.l. >V.- ^ - ' 0"e Sr0"P 0f them will tell you coordinating additional program* 1 would spread them too thin. Another Ivr ' && '. ~ KTT I |: ( /' Sil^l \ / ((_'*.J T'S' f rm' ytfi) l^fx voup "ffl tcl1 you that the total I -- environment concept makes good ,_i /; /l i* ' \ ^ tense and most assuredly includes air jr/T.iJ 1 anrf water pollution and product li- ability. However, they're pessimistic pi// UtyCTlr - i-- -i- /r f v 'I!/~| \'f-f, ' 'ZJ jl (/ about the prospects of their corporate management's pulling all the strands together to coordinate the health and i gafety effort by putting it under one man. Their counterparts of a generation ago were doubtless saying r . -- 1 . v'.-" -- s -- V i ' 1 ***' I f i the same thing about pre protection and plant security, two taken-for- granted items fhc.vc days. UV can't help but wonder if Johns-Mani-illc's 1 Ed Fcnner who heads up the cor poration's department of environ -f mental control doesn't, in fact, cast a long shadow. ^" / # I K i i PLANT and Governmcnf officials mtpecf new waife frtafmenf equips manf af Waforville, Ohio planK iA/OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS/October 1747 * ^ i - 1 '^ CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000048 B& ' .r: ~Ts ^-- v .I--Sf * r | l^k Ns L. ..-. Wji/J *54?^ % ^LlA i ^J/ \rX-:S.Jd / v i ^reif^^A , fW:J*"V kr^ -.r'^^^>'--^l.;: w--- ; i.-:: - )/ 11. ".-VU{. ;-"#. ;" ' .- >\ yy-f** & - > . M ^- ... ^ ' < ; > { ^ - : '' " . ;i :T\V^ ~ ,^i -r ; "' ' '--U --- N^"" .r^> !k;^tf /:n.. r-v "|?f - **-, . iMi ^:.i _ HYGIEKISTS medsur* noiis Uvtli on produeKon line at Wultgcn, III. plant. i'" - uVnyfpinii ffDi .il D Mi. VJilV dnzu I ( , j officialMlyaracshsu1moefd thhiiss yneaerwEddutFieesnnaesr iatppWoinhtemnenwt eantadlkseedemtso thoimthhrievehoadn I Director of the Department of En just concluded a conference with I vironmental Control. At the same time, Clifford L. Shcckler moved up C. B. Burnett, J-M president. When we described to Fenner our \ from Manager of the Industrial gram to Mtmager of Oc plans for an issue on Total Environ ment and spelled out its components Health Pro cupational Environmental Control, he nodded knowingly. "That's famil and James N. Siegfried was named mmunity Environmental iar ground" he said. "We here at J-M have been over it often before Chief of Co Control March 1 and hard at work on it I When the announcement fluttered to rest on an OH editors desk, it since that time." . J-M's top management had estab looked routine enough, until a sen his eye: "Mr. Fenner lished programs that go back mamyears to handle accident prevention, tence caught i and his staff, headquartered at Fin- air and water pollution, plant hy --iT J deme, N. J., will coordinate all comwith air and giene, and product liability, but by early last year, the brass began ques psmy activities dealing water pollution, industrial hygiene, tioning whether, in view of the re accident prevention engineering, and c: logy." cent developments in these fields, they hadn't been scattering their product toxico Mr. Fenner was dealing with Total shots. In the large, highly-diversified r Environment We rang him up and company network that takes in 61 arranged a meeting at. T-M's New York offices. locations and includes a wide range of activities from mining operations I Fenner is a tall, spare, vigorous to the manufacture of industrial pipe, nrr /' " man who looks to be in his late 40's. insulating fire brick, brake linings, f 'His answers to questions are direct c -- and to-thc-point. lie's not a man paper, and textile, Jolins-Manvillc had to reach 21,500 employees and ( . I to minimize problems or to draw I onclusums. lie has ln-en beyond to residents of communities in 30 States and Canada. - premature c . moving at a brisk clip siiu.o his new The reorganization tint resullfd in CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000049 v'W .WV I . new appointuiciits for old pros Fen- - ; V -- . "- 1 -- I . ncr, Shccklcr, atid Siegfried was on V effort to tike a cohesive approach to occupational and coimnunity en * - / .: w . \:m r. z..s. S_.'" "~ &-Wi J : T J vironmental problems. Before the reorganization, the com- ' ^ _ pony's four industrial hygiene laboratories confined themselves to plant S- n " * P- V . ' T t - i - hygiene and reported to plant industrial relations managers in their reipective areas. Now, hygiene labs have been expanded In staff and in range of duties with the addition of ir and water polliition. Tlie hygiene labs report to a supervisor of Indus ' \ L\ \ \ \ N. \^- ^ ' /; A -.x.rfK j!"pTscSti, -d V -- V .er, !fi " i .>71 , -* 1- L Li- ' 9Z.' L trial hygiene, who, in turn, reports to '-y t, ' Sheckler. . Air and water pollution used to be --viUV--- 1"..--Vf1'1 i i *. the responsibility of operating manageinenL Within engineering, J-M had a SAMPLES of nuUrilt mad by J-M go through inalyut t Company's Easttm Rgtenl IndutfrUl Hygian* Lab. water treatment group, a dust control group, and, occasionally, did some of its own dust emission sampling. On occasion, the engineering staff re tained outside consultants to solve specific air and water pollution problems. "In the past," Fenner told us, "no central organization had responsibil ity for identifying air and water pollu tion problems. Now, our group (En vironmental Control) has that responsfl>Ility." Identifying is a key word in diat quotation because Fenner's group deals essentially in telling local plant management what is needed, in docu menting the need for action. Environ mental control does not tell plant managers how to go' about effecting die solution, unless asked for recom mendations, and, of course, they often are. The point is that imple mentation remains the jurisdiction of operating management problems and- tlie steps contemplated to solve them. These summaries are distributed to plants likely to encoun ter similar problems as die plant be ing reported on. The corporate president and his Staff get a bi-monthly report citing the specific environmental problems of every plant in the network. In addition, ECU keeps posted on environmental health study findings of agencies like the U. S. Public Health Service and tlie Industrial Hygiene Foundation. These data are then disseminated throughout the company. An industrial hygiene surve/ is conducted in every J-M plant at least once a year. The survey includes in strument sampling for noise, dust, fumes, and vapors. Results are logged in the records back at the regional hygiene laboratory. The hygiene su Safety recommendations are also included in die hygiene survey. When OCCUPATIOXAL HAZARDS visited J-M corporate offices, Fenner told us that field hygienisls were cov ering company locations one by one to determine air and water pollution needs. These are visual observations. made with the aid of a checklist Their findings go into a report. One of Fenner's group's bi-mondily reports to top management has al ready been instrumental in helping a plant solve a water pollution prob lem before it became full-blown. One plant, a manufacturer of fibre- board products and ceiling tile, em ploys some 230 people. It's located in North Bay, Ontario. As with board mills everywhere, effluents were a problem. J-M did what it considered at die time to be its best in holding down pollution. , The Environmental Control Unit pervisor sends the inspectors field A stringent water pollution law concentrates on appraisal and on get recommendations together with his had been passed by die province of ting the word out. Fully six montlis own recommendations to the plant Ontario but had not as yet taken before die reorganization was an manager. The local plant manager effect. The law combined with engi nounced, for example, J. N. Siegfried, then decides finally what measures to neering and EDC recommendations now chief, community environmental take and requests divisional research triggered a whole reexamination of control, was conducting a study to and engineering to go ahead with the North Cay plant's water pollu round up pending and existing legis lation covering air and water pollu them. In die meantime, Sheckler as man tion defenses. The plant stopped dumping one tion control ager of occupational environmental eflluent into streams altogether. It c The unit published reports for plants in die network, and from time to time as new legislative proposals are introduced, diey are published in capsule form In a newsletter, "En vironmental Control Notes". ECU control writes a letter to die division production manager advising him of the results of the survey and the recommendatlons stemming from it. Or dinarily, a deadline is set for comple tion of the improvements. Field hy- will filter another efUnent to allow re use and thereby reduce the quantity of solids going into die river. Exten sive engineering changes were un dertaken to Improve sanitation. Total cost ran around $230,000. by the time - also periodically publishes a news letter, "Notes On Plant Problems", gicni-sts follow up with a second in spection to evaluate die improvements, the bw is in force, J-M will have been well within Its letter. Moreover, its containing summaries of poli'ition "and, if asked, to offer consultative aid. community relations are excellent. VOCCUPAtlONAL HATAROS/Octob.r 1147 A" CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000050 AIR POLLUTION CHECKLIST Johns-Manville's hygienists use this checklist to make visual inspections for air pollution. There are * also similar lists for fluid effluents, solid wastes, and noise levels. AIRBORNE EMISSIONS A. General information Plant location. Review date_ Plant Manager Plant Engineer B. Assigned Stack No.; (devise logical sequence) C. Location v/ithin plant: D. Source operation: E. Materials into process: F. Normal operating schedule; hours/day ! G. Processing weight rate:. lbs/hour .days/week : H. Type of discharge: solid particulate iiquidous particles steam or water vapor ;rue gases or fumes i. Emission frequency occasionally cyclical commonly continuously J. Emission intensity; slight , moderate leavy jextreme K. Particulate nature; L Dust fall-out pattern: 'ine dust particles local to stack area coarse dust particles m adjacent roof areas L fiberous matter mainly on plant property loist or wet dusts dust readily airborne 1 /' -T V 4 M. Color of plume; white grey lack irown other N. Attendant odors: 0. Character of odors: none | ilight moderate strong extreme P. Identification Of dust collection or pollution abatement facilities' provided; .absorber ' scrubber multiclone adsorber packed tower rotoclone catalytic burner veuturi scrubber baghouse ^afterburner ^settling chamber precipitator spray chamber i cyclone other Q. Stack construction and diameter; R. Discharge height above grade: S. Volume of air being moved; scfm T. Estimated contaminant emission rate; lbs/hour. . U. Complaint record: none Infrequent occasional regular V. Source of complaints; area residents _I organized groups local authorities governmental agencies W. Complaint comments: X. Pertinent changes in emission conditions since last inspection: C Y. Pertinent changes in process conditions since last inspection: M 2. General comments:. Oetntw mT/<V.riiATIOM*i u^TKnc/M r CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000051 .: f -r tm i I"J| OCCUPATIOMAL environment#! control mn*gtr Clifford Shyckler, jnd Edmund M. Fonner, director of the Environmental Con. trgl Department must approve all personal protective equipment. V/O I :V - . . .\f wV// Y>^'' * oV-r- ^ '; ^\'- C- My; - >'-4 - > : V- t>-. , 7 I - 164 .- \ i C h e c h i n g f h e a d s ipate in 2-hour program that ones who have to take time out and Product toxicology, which bears they have taken to regional con- try to placate the press, government directly on product liability, is also tractors' association meetings. The officials, and citizens' groups. They within Fanner's group's bailiwick. presentation covers the necessity for welcome our help." That's one of the primary reasons dust control measures and the wear Fenner acknowledges that he is still they follow environmental health ing of respiratory equipment. An self-questioning some of his own tech studies so closely. The Department of analysis of the cost of workmen's niques. He sees the function of his Environmental Control publishes for compensation and occupational dis department as essentially that of a internal use throughout the company ease claims clinches their argument. communicator. a Manual of Standards Practices. A These "2-hour" sessions invariably "The question is, *How are we section within this manual keeps nm 3 to 3)- hours. That's how warmly being received?'," Fenner said. "We plant management posted on accept they're received. don't know altogether yet, but there ed methods of safeguarding against are a number of early indications that we're getting through. The re I toxicity. All customer health queries are First reaction favorable ports on government legislation and I funneled through the Department of In plant safety, The Department of Environmental Control drafts and the plant inspection summaries both seemed to have had impact. We think Environmental Control, It processes, on the average, about 30 of them a promnlgates safety codes throughout we're on the right track." month. the corporate network, makes safety recommendations as part of the hy Certainly, as Fenner would be the first to admit, if the Department of On any product that is toxic, or could be under certain conditions, giene inspections, and acts as the ap Environmental Control fails to com Shecklcr works with public relations proval authority for all safety equip municate, it won't be the fault of top and advertising people to sec that ment that's purchased. The promo tional and educational side of the management. They've given the new department sustained backing. The I news releases, advertisements, and brochures contain adequate warnings safety program is still lodged in in Litest evidence of this came at the and proper instructions for use. dustrial relations. We asked Fenner how local plant General Managers' meeting held late in August. This regular gct-togcthcr I C d u e a f l n g f h e u s e r J-M not only does an educational managers had taken to the reorgan ization in that, to some extent, how ever diplomatic the approach, the is attended by the top two dozen or so corporate and operating execu tives in the company. The functions, job within its own organization but Department of Environmental Control activities, and responsibilities of the also carries the word beyond in con cert with various trade associations. had moved into an aica that was formerly solely the plant managers'. Department of Environmental Con trol were on the agenda, and the For example, the company matinfac- "They're most enthusiastic about vital contriluitions made by the de Aires products containing asbestos that this new, cohesive approach," Fenner partment were underscoied by Presi contractors install as an insulating ma answered promptly. "After all, if their dent nurnctt. terial. It's tricky stnfT to handle. Under the aegis of the National Insulation Maniifactuicrs' Associa tion, J-M and Owens-Corning partic plant has a problem with air or water pollution, plant hygiene, safety, or product toxicity, they're the ones whose schedules suffer, they're the Johns-Manville is firmly committed to a corpoiatf approach to health and safety that recognizes the realities of die times. 4 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000052 CURRICULUM VITAE ; J?ovei;iber, 1966 Appendix D . GE0RG3 W. WRIGHT, M.D. ' - BORN: ' Briarcliff Manor. New York, Deccinber 21, 1907 Pre-ProxcGsional Education: Evansvills College, EvansvilleIndiana Indiana University, Bloomington. Indiana 1926 1928 1928 1930 B.S- June, 1930 Professional Education: Indiana University School of Medicine 1928 - 1932 M.D. June, 1932 Internships: Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Mo. Service - Medicine Conpleted December, 1932 (18 months) 1933 Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, Mo. Assistant in Medicine Completed June, 1934 (6 months) Residencies and Fellov;ships ; Bellevue Hospital, New York City Service, Medicine. 2nd Div. Resident Completed June,1935 (12 months) New Haven Hospital. New Haven Connecticut 4 Bellevue Hospital. New York City Service. X-ray,Assistant Resident Completed DeceTnber,1935 (6 months) Service. Tuberculosis,Resident Completed December,1936 (12 months) Present Cccuo^tion: Head, Department of Medical Hesearch in the Division of Internal Medicine. Saint Luke's Hospital, 11311 Shaker Boulevard, Cleveland, Ohio 4410<- Teachinc A ssoci.i tion ; Western Reserve University, Instructor in Physiology, 1937 1939 Western Resarve University, Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 1953 to date CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000053 Curriculura Vitae -2- George W. Wrirjht, M.D. Hospital Associations - Present. Senior Associate Physicianj Active Staff - Saint Luke's Hospital Cleveland, Ohio 4410-1 Associate Physician on the Consulting Staff of Highland Viev; . _ Hospital f Cleveland 22, Ohio Associate Physician in General Medicine, Staff of Cleveland Metro politan General Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio (July 1,1955 to date) Memberships in Professional Societies: ' 1. American Medical Association 2. .Ohio State Medical Association 3. Cleveland Academy of Medicine i 4. American Physiological Society H *. 5. American Association for'Thoracic Surgery 6. American Clinical And Clirieitological Association 7. American Thoracic Society . . 8. Ohio Thoracic Society 9. Cleveland Chest Society 10. Industrial Medical Association Private Practice: Clifton Springs Sanatorium, Clifton Springs. Nev; York January.1937 to December. 1937 (cardiologist) Saranac Lake, Nev; York October, 1939 to 1953 (chest disease? - consultation Cleveland, Ohio 1953 to date (consultation only) only) Licensed in: State of Indiana State of Mev; York State of Ohio 1939 1937 1953 Additional: Chairnsan - Medical Advisory Co-nittee, Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance. Social Security Administration, Department of Health, Education and V'elfare. l/ashington. D.C. (19C0 to date) Chairmen Con^ittce on Research. American Thoracic Society Mcv; York City Member Heart Disease Control Advisory Cor;r.itte3, Division of Chronic Diseases. Department of Health. Education and '..'eIfare. Washington. D-C. (January. 19^5 to December. 19^7) Member - Medical Advisory Committee, Bureau of Vocational Rehabilitation. Columbu;:. Chio Consultant Public Health Service. Department of Health. Education and v.'elfare. '..'ashington. D.C- CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000054 Curriculum Vitas -3- Gsorse V/.. Wright, M.D. Additional Activities Continusd: . _ Chairnan - ScientilTic Committee, Institute of Occupational arid Environmental Health, Quebec Asbestos Mining Association, ' Montreal. Quebec. Canada . Consultant - Bureau of Hearings and Appeals, Departwent of Health, Education and Welfare. Social Security Administration, Cleveland, Ohio v I CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000055 Appendix E . January 15, 1968 * ASBESTOS AND HUMAN HEALTH INTRODUCTION Asbestos, known since antiquity, has wide-spread and important applications In our modern industrial society. With the 20th century burgeoning of the uses of asbestos has come recognition of the need to cope with occupational hazards associated with excessive inhalation of asbestos dust. This statement summarizes the essential uses of asbestos, the known facts about health problems associated with occupational exposure to asbestos dust, and the research being conducted to identify and reduce these health risks. AN ESSENTIAL PRODUCT Asbestos has many essential functions in construction, in industry and in transportation. Over the years fireproof asbestos has savad thousands of lives and much valuable property. For safety, fire prevention and other reasons, products containing asbestos are used in schools, houses, theaters, ships, office and other public buildings, furnaces, boilers and firefighting equipment. The brakes on auto mobiles, trucks, buses and trains are dependable because asbestos is a major component 'Jf brake linings. WHAT IS ASBESTOS? Asbestos (from the Greek" "unquenched") is the name given a family of mineral fibers comprised of three major types -- chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite -- each of which differs from the other; physically and chemically. Studies of the relationship between asbestos and health are complicated by this diversity. Chrysotile is a white magnesium silicate, can be attacked by acids, has a positive electrical charge, is flexible and not easily pulverized. Crocidolite is a blue ferrous sodium silicate, is acid-resistant, has a negative electrical charge, and is - less flexible than chrysotile. Amosite is a ferrous magnesium silicate with a negative electrical charge, is brittle and easily pulverized. In the United States, chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite are all used, but .chrysotile is by far the most common, accounting for about 90 per cent of the asbestos consumed in this country. NO RISK SHOWN FOR GENERAL PUBLIC In studies of asbestos exposure and human health, research has not shown evidence of any risk to the general public from the use of finished asbestos products. There is no scientific evidence that anyone has ever contracted any disease from exposure to ,,-' e wearing or weathering of brake linings, floor tile, roofing or other products staining asbestos more . . ,itt -. - CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000056 v ;: r- 2 '."t " The lungs of workers known to bave repeated exposure to the inhalation of sbestos fiber over a period of months or years contain myriads of small microscopic sized structures composed of a fiber coated with layers of protein and iron pigment. The fiber within the coating, under the circumstances, is assumed to be asbestos and the small unit therefore is called an "asbestos body," These bodies are found in the lungs cf those who are occupationally exposed to asbestos fibers, regardless of whether or not there is any coexisting evidence of asbestosis. Therefore, the bodies, as such, are not an indication of disease but rather only of previous exposure to " Asbestos fibers, - Recently, by utilizing special techniques, it has been shown that the lungs of persons from the general population rather frequently contain a very scant number of small bodies composed of a fiber coated with protein and iron pigment. In these instances, it cannot be assumed that the fiber of these bodies is "asbestos," since other fibrous materials are know to develop a similar appearance within the lungs. For the present, the term "ferruginous" or iron-coated body is more appropriate. similar The finding of ferruginous bodies in such small numbers in no way indicates that disease caused by asbestos fiber coexists and the presence of such bodies does not, in any way, justify a diagnosis of asbestos-caused disease. If it is ultimately shown that these small bodies are in fact protein covered asbestos fibers their wide dispersion in the population would not be too surprising in view of the many opportunities, from baby powder to building construction, for a small number of asbestos fibers to exist from time to time in the air that the general public breathes. The presence of t^hese few fiber bodies in the lungs of the majority of the population is not associated ith specific lung disease but simply reflects the chance inhalation of fibrous material. The complete implications of large numbers of ferruginous bodies within the lungs await - further research. KNOWN AND SUSPECTED OCCUPATIONAL RISKS For workers who handle asbestos fibers in mines, mills, factories, and some building and insulation trades, the industry shares with doctors, public health officials and others involved in industrial medicine a concern about possible health effects from excessive on-the-job exposure to asbestos dust. ASBESTOSIS; The industry long ago recognized the risk of a particular lung disease called asbestosis among some workers and took steps to safeguard employees. This nonmalignant disease is brought on after inhalation of excessive concentrations of asbestos .dust over a period of many years. Asbestosis is one of the lung diseases called pneumoconioses, Others are silicosis, from silica (stone) dust; talcosis from talc; anthracosis, from coal dust. These are considered industrial health risks against which the various industries have . instituted protective measures. more . . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000057  < 3 - . -. . *4 ' * \' :. -* - - - . : - For years, the asbestos industry has taken protective measures to reduce excessive "^posures to asbestos dust and the risk of asbestosis among its workers, BRONCHOGENIC (Lung) CANCER; the industry is aware of some medical studies that have reported an association between excessive exposure to asbestos dust and an increased risk of a certain type of lung cancer (bronchogenic). Even though the number of these eases among asbestos industry workers is only a small fraction of the total employed, the industry considers the problem a serious one. It has become the subject of con siderable scientific research through statistical, clinical and pathological studies of exposed workers; through experimental studies with laboratory animals; and through studies of the physical and chemical nature of asbestos and associated minerals. Eecent studies have suggested that the trace metals often found with asbestos dust (nickel, cobalt and chrome) should be examined more'closely. In 1967, results of a study of deaths occurring among a group of insulation , workers indicated that occupational exposure to asbestos greatly increased the risk of lung cancer but only among cigarette smokers. Although the number of deaths involved was small, the study showed no cases of lung cancer among insulation workers who were non-smokers. MESOTHELIOMA: Also under study is a rare disease called mesothelioma, a tumor of the chest and abdominal cavity which is different from bronchogenic lung cancer. Recently, investigators have associated a frequency of cases of mesothelioma with exposure to asbestos in certain geographic locations. This was originally reported from South African areas where only crocidolite asbestos is produced. Mesothelioma has been reported so infrequently that there are no accurate figures on its occurrence in the U, S. as a whole. In Britain, only two cases are . currently being reported for every thousand cases of lung cancer. The search*for the cause of such a rare disease is difficult, particularly since medical people themselves do not agree on its diagnosis and recognition. The asbestos industry, through research grants, is seeking more knowledge about mesothelioma. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Today, the asbestos industry has invested millions of dollars in equipment and techniques to prevent the inhalation of asbestos dust by workers in the mining and mill ing of asbestos and in the manufacture of asbestos-containing products, Johns-Manvilie continually strives to eliminate dust exposure in the mines and plants which it operates. Processing areas and machinery are equipped with dust-collecting devices, .Atmospheric dust levels are regularly monitored. Filters and ventilators have been Installed, Individual respirators are used where indicated. Employees are given physical examinations, including chest x-rays, on a scheduled basis. A program of consultation with asbestos fabricators and applicators is carried on to provide a thorough understanding of potential risks and to encourage general adherence to sound industrial hygiene practices. .Studies in asbestos-using industries in England and the U. S. indicate that where '.st control measures have been taken, the risks of lung diseases have been reduced. more . . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000058 ASBESTOS AND HEALTH RESEARCH Scientific research to identify and reduce the health risk from asbestos dust, iposure is being conducted in many places throughout the world. The asbestos industry joth sponsors such research"and cooperates in work being done by government agencies : and private medical investigators. Johns-Manville has extended full cooperation to the U S. Public Health Service in . its study of asbestos processing plants. In addition, the company provides funds, asbestos materials, equipment and information, as the individual situation may require, for research of such organizations as: The Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America, The Asbestosis Research Council (headquartered in Great Britain), The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health in Montreal, The Environmental Health Center at Mt. Sinai Hospital and others. Johns-Manville also conducts studies on technical aspects of asbestos in its own Research and Engineering Center at Manville, New Jersey. Among the subjects scientists are now exploring are: the specific identification and health signifance of fiber-like (ferruginous) bodies found in lung tissues; the health of asbestos mining, processing and fabricating workers compared with the general population; the relationship between cigarette smoking and cancer among asbestos insulation workers; the accurate identification of particles found in the air over a major industrial city; and the development and evaluation of the most effective Industrial hygiene practices for use in the asbestos industry* . In cooperation and in conjunction with other agencies, the asbestos industry vlll continue to seek new information about the biological effects of asbestos fiber and to develop ways of assuring maximum possible protection from occupational hazards, for '-:stehmipsloeyseseesntiinalamsabtesetroisalm.ines, mills and plants and among fabr.ic.ators and applicators *4 t * CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000059 f* Appendix F ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPARTMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAM FOR JOHNS-MANVILLE CORPORATION l' ASBE*STOS AND HEALTH I. OBJECTIVES H ! The following are the objectives for the immediate future of the Johns-Manville asbestos and health program:' 1. Define the Johns-Manville and industry public posture with regard to asbestos and health. It is assumed that Johns-Manville will undertake the role of industry spokesman in asbestos and health matters. The public posture will emphasize Johns-Manville's concern over environmental health affecting its employees, customers and users of its products and the general public, and will emphasize the company's concentration on research and utiliza tion of proper safeguards in all of its operations. 2. Equip Johns-Manville officials with materials to disseminate that position when.and if required. 3 . Establish machinery and procedures for communicating the story to the media and to other groups important to the program. 4 . Seek to keep the discussion on a positive note by stressing Continued CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000060 concern for public welfare and prepare for acute all-out emergencies that could occur later on. Flexibility must be a* guiding principle in all activities, In health matters such as this, fairly innocuous reports can be easily steamed up into a major crisis. II. DEFINING J-M'S POSTURE The public posture of Johns-Manville is to be completely outlined in the position paper, the detailed back-up papers on the more important subjects, and the releases and comment statements included in an operating kit (see below). These documents will be revised periodically, to reflect new information on the asbestos/health subject. A. WHAT TO SAY 1. The following documents will be prepared, cleared with Legal, Industrial Relations, Research-, Asbestos Fibre Division, Environmental Control, the Medical Consultant and the President and then serve as the basis for J-M comment, reply and testimony on questions relating to asbestos and health: a) A basic position paper, written in a style suitable for college educated audiences. b) Back-up papers on such subjects as mesothelioma. asbestos bodies, asbestosis, etc. continued CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000061 c) Reprints or copies of scientific papers, editorials# etc# that are deemed favorable to the asbestos industry^. d) Brief critiques of scientific papers, books, etc., that are unfavorable to the asbestos industry. 2. These documents will be revised and added to (and the revisions and additions given the same clearances as the initial text) when changing circumstances dictate. B. WHO TO SAY IT 1. Depending upon the audience, J-M comments that are based solely upon the previously cleared material described in "IIA," above, may be attributed to; a) The President b) The Chairman of the Board, Canadian Johns-Manville c) The Medical Consultant d)- The Medical Director e) The Director of Environmental Control f) "Johns-Manville" or "J-M Spokesman" 2. The J-M comments normally will be relayed by: a) The Medical Consultant or Medical Director - in direct dealings with medical profession and medical journals. Continued i i! i t ! { CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000062  b) "The Chairman of the Board, C.J-M, in reply to queries concerning Canadian operations. c) The Vice President, Finance or the Controller - to . financial analysts. d) Industrial Relations or local plant management - to employees, unions, etc. ' e) The Legal Department - in all legal actions. f) The Environmental Control Department - in dealings with regulatory bodies, civic groups, trade ! associations, etc-. g) Public Relations (directly or via Hill & Knowlton) - to the press and all other audiences not listed above. 3. So long as they are based solely upon the previously cleared material described in "II-A," above, comments 9. need not be given further clerance at the time they are released. However, in the case of press queries, the individual to whom the.comment is being attributed, will be notified promptly that his name has been so used. C. WHEN TO SAY IT 1, Comments to the medical profession, civic groups. financial analysts, etc. would be made in response to query or at the discretion of the individual listed in"II-B," above. continued CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000063 ./ -5- 2. Comments to the press would be made in response to direct query. Also, at its discretion, the Public Relations Department will contact writers of critical ' o r adverse items, columns o r editorials o n asbestos and health and ask for the right to comment on, rebut or clarify any inaccurate or unfavorable comments. In some cases it may not be desirable to press for the right of published rebuttal, but desirable to inform the responsible editor or writer about any inaccuracies contained in the published material. III. OTHER "MAKE READY" STEPS A. Clean Up Asbestos Effluent The highest priority should be given to the immediate i elimination of discharge of asbestos fiber into the ambient air .at J-M plants and mines. We should be in a position to assure plant community representatives that we are NOT letting asbestos dust get into the air they breathe. B. Clean Up of Asbestos Dust in Plants Among the steps being taken to improve environmental control at J-M plants and mines, the highest priorities should go to eliminating or minimizing asbestos dust exposure. We should be in a position, as soon as possible, to invite press. legislators and community leaders to tour our asbestosprocessing facilities and see for themselves that our workers I CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000064 . / are not exposed to, potentially or apparently dangerous dust concentrations. C, Conservative Medical Comment Efforts, presumably spearheaded by the Medical Consultant, should be made to line up a list of qualified doctors who have generally conservative views concerning asbestos and health (particularly as it relates to alleged danger to the general public) and who ar^ willing to. state these views to science writers, legislators and others who may be referred to them, by J-M. D. Monitoring All possible efforts should continue, to alert JVM, as soon as possible, to the publication, in medical or lay media. of articles, papers and statements about asbestos and health; to the plans for medical conferences at which this subject will be discussed and to the plans and/or activities of legislative and administrative bodies, in the U. S. and abroad. that relate to asbestos and health* \ 1. Hill and Knowlton will continue to monitor all pertinent medical and scientific literature and evaluate significant articles and papers. 2. J-M plants, mines and sales office managers will be reminded, periodically, to be alert for asbestos/health continued CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000065 -7- articles in their local newspapers and to relay this to Public Relations. 3 . J-M will continue to employ all major clipping and broadcast monitoring services to search for printed or broadcast mention of asbestos and health." 4 . J-M and Hill and Knowlton will continue to exchange significant information with their British contacts. IV. GOVERNMENT HEARINGS/ACTION A. Until and unless government attention toward the asbestos/ health subject becomes intense and widespread, it is contemplat ed that J-M reaction will be primarily defensive in nature, i.e. : 1. Consider contacting officials who make public statements or introduce legislation concerning asbestos/health. Present to them the positive story contained in our basic position paper, etc. 2. Where appropriate, consider inviting these officials to visit the Research Center and (when it becomes feasible) the Manville Plant. 3 . Be prepared to furnish our basic position material to government agencies investigating asbestos/health. when they approach J-M for comment. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000066 -8- 4 . Be prepared to testify and produce qualified conservative medical experts at public hearings. \ When deemed^legally or tactically necessary. V. COMMUNITY RELATIONS A. For the time being, the efforts suggested below will apply only to those J-M locations where public attention i . actually has been drawn to the asbestbs/health subject. !!!| B. Each situation must be handled separately when/if it occurs. We should: 1. Consider contacting public health, environmental control and other officials in the community and presenting our story to them. 2. Consider inviting some community leaders to tour the local J-M plant (if asbestos dust has been controlled and asbestos effluent eliminated); or to visit the J-M Research Center. 3. Give full cooperation with local press, as was done in Manville area in September, 1967. VI, FINANCIAL PUBLIC RELATIONS 1. Queries from individual analysts, bankers, etc., should be handled by the Vice President, Finance or the Controller, using the materials listed in "II-A," above. continued .. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000067 -9- / 2. Should the asbestos/health subject be covered, in a potentially damaging context, in a publication widely read by the i-- ' - financial community (e.g. FORBES, BARRONS, WALL STREET JOURNAL or newsletter of major brokerage house) consideration should be given to the following steps: . a) A special mailing to analysts of a statement summarir.ing the J-M position on asbestos/health. b) A meeting with building materials analyst in New York, to give them the background on asbestos/health. c) A special mailing to stockholders to summarize the J-M position. VII. INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS A. Periodic reports should be given to the Board of Directors and Senior Officers, on the status of the asbestos/health problem. B; The basic position statement, when approved, should be distributed to those J-M people who have a ""need to know." These could include general, sales and product managers and salesmen whose "lines" include products containing asbestos; J-M representatives in such trade associations as the Asbestos Textile Institute; managers of asbestos mines and asbestos processing plants (to be used with unions. employees, etc). Record should be kept of the J-M persons CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000068 -10- having copies of the position paper, so that they may be kept abreast of additions and changes. None of the above mentioned people are authorized to make statements to the press on this subject, without prior approval by the Advertising and Public Relations Department. C. NEWS/PIC should continue its series of articles describing the health and industrial hygiene facilities and care provided by J-M. l VIII. SEEKING POSITIVE PLATFORMS A. Efforts should be made to induce conservative-minded doctors. especially those who are working on projects partially or fully supported by J-M, to present the findings of their research at scientific conferences and to embody these findings in articles submitted to scientific journals.. B. Efforts should be made to disseminate such papers and t articles and to add them to the materials listed in II/A, above. IX. INDUSTRY COOPERATION A. When the J-M position papers, etc., are approved, consideration should be given to making copies available to other major factors in the U. S. and British asbestos and asbestos processing industry. A. J .a CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000069 / V -11- B. At an appropriate time, further consideration should be given to the formation of a U. S. asbestos trade association that would; 1. Serve as the public spokesman for the asbestos industry. 2. Help share the cost of industry-sponsored research and public relations activities. C. Public Relations will assist the Environmental'Control Department in preparing "codes of practice" for the various asbestos-using industries. ^ r"' CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000070 Appendix G NEWARK-STAR LEDGER Snnday, September 10, 1967 tai ir.o carjcer reoor^I) es by Somsrss* physi-sions By RUTH WINTER Its authors are Drs. Maxwell wilh asbestos but had lived in - .H'.eh. .inc. id.ence o.f a rare B o r o w , A L lLf lrve-dorCneo snes ton, and LNa owr.- the vicinity of the mines and I and incurable cancer has bert SchaIet from the mills and some had left these been found at Somerset Hoi- ho itaVs departmcnU of areas of exposure as young pital. SomerviIIe, four physi- sur^ and pithology. children. The average period cians reported in an article " J r 0' between exposure and devel in the Journal of the Ameri Mesothelioma is a rare opment of the tumor was 20 can Medical Association. malignancy which Infiltrates to 40 years. The article linio tne x^ie is n lun" dis^s'-G disease,, mesolthelioma with * A ,pcei3l seetion developed by people3who in- asbestosis, a lung disease on ccn(:er stflrfs ' hale asbestos particles. developed -By people who mi hale asbestos particles. 0" ccncer srflrrs today on Poge 33 The Somerset physicians" reported that v.jthin a three. It notes that a large asbes- | -tos manufacturing plant is t - located within the hospital. two miles of Johns-Manville Co. main- * tains a large plant in Bound Brook. The article appeared in the Aug. 21 issue of the journal, year period.at Somerset Hos- the .lung cavity or the ab-- pital, 17 cases of mcsothelio- dommal cavity, spreads ma were found at surgery. rapidly and is incurable. The first large series of cases was diagnosed in 1957 at Johannesburg. South Africa. The majority of these pa- "Two of the patients," they said, "had contracted this malignancy with only environ mental exposure consisting of tlcnts had not actuallyjivorked ^ (ricasc turn to Tagc S) 1 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000071 A rare cancer I I j o p o n. sa e ' ^ " t : iContlnucd from Tage One) to get a grant and to get other researchers interested in living In a community adja pursuing further studies. The cent to the asbestos mill." incidence of asbestosis, lung The, report also m...entio,ned cancer and mesothelioma that lung cancer with asb53* may be much greater than is h&h Check now recognized " showed it is more than mnc e found in other " E. H. Fenner, director of times the rat New Jersey hospitals. Johns-Manville's department of environmental /The Johns-Mansville plant said: ' control, converts to commercial use ipproxlmately 75 per cent of "Mesolthelioma is con- all the asbestos fiber mined sidered a very rare disease r in North America." ' and apparently nobody knows .w, >The ,, , Somerset . very much about it. Some phvsicrans stutjjes indicated that said a review o the autopsy ^ rare tumor may be -- material at the hospital revealed only one other case of.mesol.helioma which had been misdiagnosed. sQcjatgd with certain types of asbestos, but the great need ^ to jn(j out more about it. We gj-g coopgraiing in a num- V HARD TO EXPLAIN bet of research projects that ;-The doctors found this hard we hope will provide more knowledge about the prob to explain since the plant had been' in the area more than lem." 60 years. They reasoned that Said Dr. Roscoe Handle, perhaps patients with general' state health commissioner: cancer who had not been "This is a subject of con autopsied were misdiagnosed. siderable research with no .However, the physicians firm answers at this time, state in the JAMA article, xhe department's occupation- "Regardless of whether this ^ heaith program Is partici- rpsoning is correct, it is our p3ting a modest way, with * distinct impression that there research being conducted at has been a definite increase the Madison campus of Faif. " cpyv wwiftfhhi^n the last fLeww vyh,r^-i" gleuiSt huntDilicmkionrseonis kUnonwivnertshiatyn, ' - Dr. Coru on, who is hief of at pj-^gn^ j would not want pathology a Somerset, said j0 t cornmen on the article .to an interview that asbesto- whi(;h t this mornent l sis has been found in people h ' otFread - who have not worked or lived ' , near an asbestos plant. "Asbestos is used increas ingly in such products as in ' sulation, brake - lining and. roofing materials. It may be - that people are picking up the disease from these products alone," he said. AIR POLLUTION "Some experts," he con_ tinued, "believe that asbestos alone is not the cause of bnalignancy. That some other factor such as air pollution has to be present. "We want to draw attention I to the serious situation," Dr. Conston said. "We are hoping CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000072 f r |> Appendix H ' i . - r- = SEPTEMBER 21, 1967 --SOMERSET MESSENGER-GAZETTE- ~' ' | -_ * .' " ~ /mdms V X, i :| r .j. . i. 4 ' i ; v .. < > * % : -y . -m- _ 1 |I IM { I " I ;. : r i l l - JV : ih'^ : - ; ' 3i;v / rmH : -nM l . rl-i'.f"hvS" / :: sEs.-:;;;;- -^ :; -- " { 5--^ - , 5V- ; i- . - .. . - w---f M :' - : - ; v--yfe - -1#^ " .-.O-'ik! 7 ' , j; ; - ' I- , <vV ^(M.-- ^--'! M --, ;! f 'f 3: M1i - - t f w e t .nil f:-- --'-. i'M 1 fe ?: v JriH; 'M3sPi"j: \ vj' m. v >'i1" ^ ^XP ' i ' %.-'1 ' , w. --..'^i*..iA. . / " Jj ...<.. fcj : , - "'." .f, 'iv '.-v. _ , TT * *jii ' '. Vi-i- ^ DUST COLLECTOR at Johns-Manville puilding Prod- i has invested in air-cleaning equipment at ucts plant, installed last April, represents approxi ville operations in recent years. mately $180,000 of the more than $1 million J-M 1 1 ' J its iTan- Lung Disease Called Poser For icme t JV fl I JUNVILLE - The asbestos. C Industry and Juhns-MunviUe ini particular carr.e under public' suspicion last week with puhli-' cation of medical findings suj-' gesting asbestos p:irtict'.-s as a causative. factor in rr.ili^rijnt disease. 1 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000073 > f A <|G- i op * "Already the feorough CouncUl . . has promised to make a study' of air pollution at the local J-M plant, a citizen fro n that ' community appeared at Tues-I day'.s Freeholder meeting to' ~" ~ ' press for county action, and al -r irv I SJ'lSCciSo . iliddlesex Congressman said troducing legislation to he] set] , tLrmnr ' caused by particles of the min- of the workers in asbestos' er^ ^ ^e lungs, can be controlled. Once exposure to mines, mills, and factories and instituted preventive measures." ' b in P ' i OSCr safety standards for asbestos1i 'lip 11 J ' 1116 ^ust stops, progress disease is halted. There of are the Great strides to-in bringing have this been made' occupational V- , workers. ' Johns-ManvillD spokesmen say ,i ' day on the J-M apsabyersotlolsiwsoyrekaerrss haarezarsdpounnsdoerirncgonatnrodl. sTuopdpaoyrtiwnge ; Gie plant here is complying with 1 17 OF IVlCulClIiC , laws on air and water pollution IJL 75 AT 1 who contracted AS0' are collecting partial Intensified medical research to en's extend present knowledge and : and uses all practicable precau- ' Cons to protect its workers. (Continued from page one) disability under workm compensation, and are still able understanding of other possible health risks which , Subject for Research search for years. But no one,0 workced- conclusive find- Johns-JJanviHe executives, occup.ationa,l . in rnay ^e related to asbestos, sn ' But this matter of malignan diseases is not really so much < question of laws and enforce s a subject for re has yet produ ings that asbestos, smoking, lead1 an stance, "The official industry statement, shares with said, phy- U13' these, trolbd and too, may be ecureduced to an a )- iOr any other suspect sub 'really is the cause. siclans, public health officials so'ute minimum." smeeanrct ha.sAitt pi resentusneos ocnaenccaetr 'heOaflthall hthazeaqrudesstfioronms ofapsboesssitbolse,Isatnbdleothheearlsthaecfofencctesrnfroambouetx;p;ooss- ~ - , prove asbestos ca and no one can prove it doe; perhaps the closes [solved is whether to a s being b e s t re-i ure o s! try to asbestos long ago dust The indus- recognized the ' not. In the latest reported findings, abraded from brake linings asjrisk of asbestosis among some c doctors at Somerset Hospital have linked IT cases of meso- they are being used can contammate the air with dangerous par- . II thelinma, a malignancy very rare occurring form of in the tlc'e^ ... Johns-Manville . is collaborat- chest and abdominal cavity, with the J-M plant when ruout ^ 0D "search in this field, ^ preliminao' findings sug- 3 per cent of North Am.rira's fest the asbestos is destroyed asb.egsjtos products are man;.'ac-' j P1A^1ir^.in.th.e .fac.tory is contmu- jyj B_ ut'th. ese findi.n. gs ,leave ma. nJ -" ousl^ y monithoreeadt to be certain ted as questions unanswered, tthy dd ^ 16 of these cases nccur during ; ^ brakill f ferns simuare op- tte pas three years? Why has It developed in two res.dents: ard b j.0M.s'researcb staff> ^ ^ ted ^ of the community with no h> j col]ected Tilis ^ tory and of employment at the miU not affected olhers v.ho.c !tunied oveVto other terim3 of iresearchers wor^ ^th y,. exposure to greater? And isbestos u far; u< why mesotheUonia J s _ . ^ Heallh-ServicJ stljdies for was found here but not in Cana da where J-M asbestos ts New Feters Used mined? Lung cancer, which is " The fact that asbestos Is a far substance to be handled ri.h .more common than mesotholio- ''are has been recognized '.o: 5) . ' ma, has been the subject of re(Please turn to page 12} years, A Johns-Manville sjok.'Sman said hardly any J-M v.'0ik- ' ,ers now wear masks for pro-1 t,ction. Instead a giant ventila tion system filters out the dust. It Is so efficient the same air can be recirculated through the' asbestos particles do not c:;ceed! . '' safe limits set by the' U. S.[ Public Health Service, 'and' ' chest x-rays ere a routine' check-up for every employe, t Fortunately, asbestosis CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000074 ";* l ; : 1? . I k. ' . * v : * I J .'I' ... ' . * v., i f . ' 1 v 'V ' f - ' .. i." ' ; ,, , 1. ' v . v. " , , " V : . .. ' V V . ' ApperidipC; I ' : - , V 1 , 1 .1 4 '.'.t ,; 1 ii; -vv '- J' ' V ji'-' '* i . V f v'V; Noverabor X4# 'A: v.v" , ' Vi:'i^v '- r-':;i'' v . V. . . : i s..V ..v . nobcrt L.vv:L;:'av/r1encc, DirecitFor , i V 'Metro Water Pcpartpont ' Motroj-'olltan Court House > t,-.' v.. Nashville, Tennessee Dear Mr. Lsxronco: ^ ^ 1967 ^:^ ' " ' ' .1 " . ' f .-l V ' ' ' j ^ rs -r*. ' ' ' v.Vi f > . ^ v, ;?? .>; '-I ^"''t - - ' r "I read with great concern the council's recoraiendation that . .... 5 ' Metropolitan Governr.icnt re-write tholr specifications on water pipe to allovf ' asbestos-cement pipe to conpctitively bid, T was not aware, nor apparently fi zr? mny nedical people aware that asbestos containing pipe has been used in ' water systems. ' * t ' Asbestos has been fairly well established in pedical ciritles as causing a high incidence of cancer, in the lungs if breathed, or in the , .gastrointestinal tract if swallowed even in amounts small enough to he visible ^ 'v. only under a microscope. " :| ;y;. :- v - : - . - .) 'V v ' r Regardless of who is using it now, and regardless of any reassurances r ' b y t h e salesmen from ashestos-cenent pipe manufacturers, Iwould consider i t J redical hazard of significant degree to use such pipe in a water system, until . -v -. ^ublic Health Seivice had checked It out completely. Without specific ; . v . ~ ,;. clearance by the Public Health Service it seems to r.e the burden of common sense v .* would suggest that it is impossible to work on the pipe or add to it without; /, . releasing particles of asbestos into the water. If any particles were released, V . current medical knowledge suggests that a rise in certain types of cancer could bo expected in about 20-50 years among the population. ... ... ;'c. -T. .1 , . > =-. . . - / i I have a premonition that such things as water pipe may not have to be cleared with any U.S. Public Health Service agency except those to na'^e sure bacteria cannot penetrate the pipe. If so, there has been a terrible mistake made in allowing use of asbestos containing pipe in water systems. It is my opinion that although it is comeon practice in many cities, wo would be unwise to change our specifications to allow asbestos-cement pipe to competo in the bidding until the full facts can be ascertained. I intend to pursue this matter with public health officials to see if this pipe has some safety features of construction which make it non-hazardous. Respectfully, ( JOS:jrf James D. Snell, Jr., M.P. Assistant Professor of Medicine cc: Joseph V. Bistowish, M.D. James J. La Penna t - sy/c -7^ CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000075 THE NASHVILLE TENMESSEAN Kashville, Tennessee December 12, 19^7 (p.l) Appendix K ffi" Asbssfos Pip . ->* H ' ; i Cancer Tie Hit ccTirrc-c Staff Correspondent r Svtwv vYnUptkh-. -- Tmhenrrep iis. nnno ftatemerit byS^a PNvC as/chL vilalm e dreo^c- tor that use of asbestos--ce- ment water pipe might cause acac na rcfehre, r searcner assaaiindaothneped-.pe cyvaneessctte-errrdaaarevy-. Dr. George Wright, chair- man of The Institute for Oc- cupational and Ennronmental J** - t Health, said he did not think such a relationship "will ever, be established." WRICHT. HEAD of the department of medical research in internal medicine at St. Luke's Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio, said a letter from Dr. James Snell, an assistant pro- Ll fessor at Vanderbilt Univer- ^ j f f l i "apparently incomplete ar'^es out o'fJ an perspective" of the problem. ment manufacturers from bid- ding on Metro waterpipc pur- chases. fiber, The council committee on purchasing had suggested that Lawrence allow asbestos-ce- ment manufacturers to bid ;caiisc the product is less bo- ex- "pensive than the cast iron pipe bein2 u*cd^SN^ELaLknWoHwOn TcEautsheatofascbaens-- cer and can contaminatc inking water. The physician did not believe this fact had attpntimi becn br0llgllt of thr U S to thc Public Health Scerv, ice. ruol! Wright, an adviser to the U.S. Public Health Service, slid the asbestos-cement pipe industry had long been av.are of a link between certain types of asbestos fibers and StiomTa TMrc malignant' t f d on the ]ungcov. d th 2astro:ntestinaI ana ine BastrDintesunai H ' Doin,ed Ql.t however lh"t a^cst0l !issue ' s e ) a n d u n c Scr arc "used onlv bv inhalation of SeMon" laigc amounts and over no PM^ h ,, . ^THERE IS A great upswing In the use of asbestos but the incidence of cancer has actually fallen off," Wright said. Wright said asbestos-cement pipe, consisting of 20% asbestos fiber, has been in water systems in some areas {or 30 years. In many there instances, he is no evidence said. of wear ibnesttloisescfibpeirp,es to release as- "After this many years of ^Jenccif tliesc fibers twhepp rleio.mtu oa b_e a a sdoruarmceatoicft ,M, csotumor _ jt ld b k ^ .. Wright .7-ted ..THTC ivntrr n Tuic 3i ,,n , ne, t. to 016 lndustr>' . he .^igjt said manufacturers of asbestos products were amo'1S the first to discover its pOSSible biological effects aild liave sPent "mi11'10115 of do,!ars" in the rield- The doctor said hc is P"' fTM* a ans"er to I don tkno.v .background in Snell this or his area," 'Wright said, " b u t n o doctor 'i?- "- -^ "*7 " co3menP0here0 tTtour'" u'elf w i t h'T/a Ho wed asbestos-cement Dice. Snell sent a letter last "e.Ntremelv rare. "Evidence of research m^i- month to Metro waterworks catci that virtiially everyone director Robert L. Lawrence " exposed to asbestos fibers. supporting Lawrence's decision to prohibit asbestor-ce- he sa,d- In {a^1' 11 wouId aP' Ptai" reasonable to assume that tliere is no such tiling as not having been exposed, . If mere exposure is a cause, . we would all have it." Wright cited widespread use of asbestos fibers in insula- . tion, electrical wiring and - stove ovens and toasters. '."haTSKmch ofmTlife 1 SNELL WROTE Lawrence Nov. 14. stating he would coniidcr the use of asbestos- cenicut pipe "a medical haz- ard of significant degree" un- vtiilcethchaUd.Sc.hPecukbelidc Health Ser- it out com plctely. Officials of the Johns-Man- ville Co.. asked about this yes terday, said the Public Health Servke is among its custo mers. "We have sold them thou sands of feet of pipe," said Jay Baker, product manager. "I feci certain we will sell them much more." THE COUNC1L.MEN* a r c scheduled to tour the manu facturing plant and research center today. Thc company claims its product will save ,aiclro $300,01)0 a year on pipe 'purchases. i i CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000076 : V KASHVILLE TENNESSEAN Appendix L / DECEMBER^f, 1967 f-A'lSvDSMSIO7S nP1ipQ W'- * Us///(S // J./ Q & 7k- v.vVTiS f.-i fj , fj By JIM SQUIRES Staff Corrupondent ^ 1 . Asbestos .-A* - Pip ^SCK1 ' NEW YORK-Eight Metro (Continued From Page One) eoiincilmen recommended yes terday that . waterworks di- since a probe by THE NASH- rector Robert L. Lawrence allow manufacturers of aBbcs- , dVoILseLdE^TENNESSEAcu Nt dis- 1 tos-cement pipe to bid on manufacturer has gotten all ' Metro pipe purchases. The councilmen urged that , ' Metro water pipe business in ' (he bans against the firms be the last four years. . ' dropped after a tour of the - T Newark, NJ., plant of Johns THE FIRM. JAMES B. Clow t & Son, was successful low bid- j . Mansville Corp., a manufac turer of the asbestos-cement der on all pipe contracts, I . . product. '' -. while its three major competi- , TTS A SHAME that a tors were equally successful in .product this good has been the state's other major cities. kept out of the bidding," said Griffin and LaPenna, after " .Councilman Frank Griffin. "I viewinfi quality and durability . e no reason why these . manufacturers c a n n o t be tests of the asbestos-cement ; given the opportunity to bid pipe, said it is "apparent" " for our business." Metro has been "victimized : James LaPenna, chairman by a lack of true competition of the council purchasing com among cast iron pipe com , mittee, said the tour of the . ; Johns-Mansville facility pro- panies." . ~ Martin Garrett; "Our big- Comparing list prices of ' ' Problem Tse,lin2 ^ nt0 duced "overwhelming evi: dence that asbestos-cement as.best.os-cemen.t and, cas.t i.ron ^ Mr. Lwaeweshnocuel.d I]etKpethrseoncaoll/y. ' pipe is a quality product and pipes, LaPenna estimated tractors buy the pipe and that ' widely used throughout the - world." ' - Metro can save 5325,000 over both cast iron and asbestoscement companies be allowed . Joining Griffin and LaPenua the next 18 months by allow to .try for the business. ' In. the recommendation were ing asbestos-cement manufac John Driver; "1 was amazed CduncHmen Martin Garrett, turers to bid against cast iron at the strength and quality John Fox, Mansfield Douglas, companies. * "of this asbestos-cement ma John Driver, Earl Shacklett . and Robert McBride. "I am not saying we should terial, especially after what we bad heard locally. I think ; . A NINTH councilman mak- iwitch entirely to asbestos- " cement or that one product is > the company should have the privilege of competitive bid log the trip, Tom Sharp, said he would make no recommen- superior," he said. "It is my j ding. With expenses continu dation concerning the product pending further investigation. personal feeling the two pro ducts are comparable and all j , ing to go UP. it is advantage ous to us to save tax money." Sharp said he wanted to learn as much about the cast iron vendors should be allowed to Mansfield Douglas: "I was quite impressed and am con water pipe now being used by bid." vinced that the pipe is suf Metro as he learned about, the LAPENNA SAID councilmen ficient to carry water under asbestos-cement product dur ing the two-day visit here. who toured the plant will pre sent their findings to the full the stress and strain antici pated in Metro's system. I The councilmen toured the . facility at the invitation of purchasing committee later see no reaon why these com panies are not allowed to bid." . Johns-Manville officials at no this month. The committee Robert McBride: "I feel _ expense to Metro government. vQI make recommendations to there are places where as The firm had previously told the council. . bestos-cement might not work th purchasing committee it was being excluded from bid- : Comments from other coun in the local system. At the . same time there are places " ding because of Lawrence's : cilmen concerning asbestos- where it will do the job as 1 opposition to the use of asbes- * cement pipe were: ' good as cast iron and at a * j tos-cement pipe. " John Fox: "I thrnk these ' much lower cost. With a The purchasing committee firms have a good product water-sewer expansion pro " . has been investigating Metro's ' # and should be allowed to bid. gram as large as ours, this is . * pipe purchasing practices [ * If installed to specifications. 1 the nature of the terrain will [ a good place for us to save a -substantial amount of money." . (Turn to Page IS, Column 1) ! not_matter."_ _ ^ n. .* . --V CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000077 SAINT LUKE-S HOSPITAL j t L rntUij CL.rci 11311 SHAKER BOULEVARD ' CLEVELAND. OHIO 44104 December 20, 1967 Appendix M i Mr. F. J. Solon, Jr. Johns-Manvilie Corporation 22 East Fortieth Street New York, New York 10016 Dear Mr. Solon: You have asked me to submit to you in written form an expression of my opinion with respect to certain questions raised by a letter from Dr. James D. Snell, Jr. addressed to Mr. Robert L. Lawrence of the Metro Water Department in Nashville, Tennessee. If I interpret Dr. Snell's concern correctly, it is based in part on an overinterpretation of incomplete infor mation with respect to the gastrointestinal system plus some generalizations gleaned from the literature regarding respiratory system cancer and asbestos exposure which he is assuming are applicable to the gastrointestinal system. He sets forth the reason for his apprehension in his second paragraph of the letter dated November 14, 1967. My response to these follows. While it is generally accepted by those who have looked into the matter that there is a relationship between the inhalation of "asbestos" fiber and the frequency of occur rence of bronchogenic lung cancer, in the population occupationally exposed to the fiber the precise mechanism whereby this relationship is mediated is certainly still moot. The fact that such a relationship seemed to hold in Great Britain as shown by Merriweather in 1955 but did not appear to hold in a pure chrysotile exposure as shown by Truhan and Braun some years later made it apparent that one could not use the word asbestos in a generic way but would have to take sufficient care to know what kind of asbestos might be implicated. At the present moment crocidolite seems to be the form of fiber most strongly implicated. Further information concerning the mechanism of the relationship was presented by Selikoff and Hammond f at the American Medical Association Meeting in Atlantic City in June of 1967. They demonstrated that in their careful CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000078 I -2- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 prospective study of a group of insulation workers all of their cases of lung cancer developed in men who were moderate to heavy cigarette smokers and not a single case has developed thus far in a non-smoker. This data strongly suggests that the role of asbestos fiber is as a co-carcinogen and not a carcinogen in its own right. Dr. Snell infers that asbestos causes a high incidence of cancer in the lung but it should be pointed out that this relationship even when taken together with cigarette smoking seems to pertain most strongly to insulation workers and there is no supporting evidence to indicate that such a high incidence occurs in all of the other form of occupational exposure. The fre quency from the textile mills of Great Britain does not appear to be as high as in the insulation workers reported by Selikoff. The frequency as reported by Enterline more recently in the building products, friction materials, and the U.S.A. textile plants appears to be lower than in the insulation workers thus far reported. I cite this because it seems to me unwarranted to make the inference that asbes I tos fiber in and of itself causes a high incidence of cancer in the lung and from this make the inference that it is a strong carcinogen and must therefore in very small amounts do the same thing to the gastrointestinal system if swallowed. To summarize this part; in my opinion the current evidence does support the contention that in occupational exposures to asbestos fiber there is a higher incidence of bronchogenic cancer than in non-occupational exposures; the fiber acts as a co-carcinogen; there is no reliable evidence at this time that asbestos by itself acts as an agent to cause broncho genic cancer; the most likely offending form of fiber is crocidolite; and most importantly, the effect appears to be dose related as well as related to a long latent period between the onset of exposure and the development of the neoplasm. 1 believe it important to indicate that knowledge of what happens in the lung per se can be transferred to what might happen in the gastrointestinal tract only with the greatest caution, if indeed it can be extrapolated at all to any other organ system. In the second paragraph Dr. Snell also indicates his belief that there is a high incidence of cancer in the gastro intestinal tract as a result of swallowing asbestos fiber. I have difficulty in knowing what he means by the statement "even in amounts small enough to be visible only under a microscope." Fibers small enough to remain airborne and be CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000079 -3- P. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 inhaled or ingested are o f necessity visible only under a microscope because they are the order of 40 or less microns in length and less than 5 microns in diameter. As to total amounts swallowed over a period of years I don't know what the microscope would do in the way of playing a role in estimating this. Be that as it may, one wonders what evi dence he is quoting to indicate a proven high incidence of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract in persons occupationally exposed to fiber. Most likely he is referring to a paper forming part of the symposium on "biological effects of asbestos" held in October of 1964 and published at the end of 1965. This paper by Hammond, Selikoff and Churg indi cated a frequency of cancer of the stomach, small intestine and colon about three times as high as the expected whereas even at that date they were quite careful to indicate that the primary source of their information was not entirely reliable since they say and I quote, "taken at face value it would appear that asbestos workers have an abnormally high risk of dying of gastrointestinal cancer. However, we will refrain from drawing conclusions on this matter at the present time." It is of importance that in their most recent paper concerning this general subject and referred to in this letter previously as having been presented at the American Medical Association Meeting in June,1967 they con tinued to be just as cautious. They again report that the observed rate of cancer of the stomach, colon, and rectum in their groups under intensive study was three times the expected but they state and I quote, "Although this bears out our earlier findings, the number of deaths from these causes was so small that we still refrain from drawing any conclusions at this time." Certainly Dr. Snell's apprehen sions nurtured by his belief that a high incidence of gastro intestinal cancer has been proven to occur as a result of the ingestion of asbestos fibers would seem unwarranted. Since the relationship to bronchogenic cancer appears to be rather clearly a dose related one and the same is true for all known carcinogens, I would think that if any associ ation between asbestos fiber and gastrointestinal cancer exists, it should be dose related. The insulation workers that are constantly under study by Selikoff et al are obviously a quite heavily exposed group. According to various reports emanating from that laboratory as much as 25 per cent of the population under study has asbestosis and this means a heavy exposure. It can be accepted that a very large per cent of ( CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000080 -4- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 the fibers workers is deposited in brought back the tracheo-bronchial tree o f such up and some of this must of necessity ba ne d s wn aa sl laolwce da.v i tIine sawd di li lt i ounl t,i ms oamtee l fyi bf ienrddietpso swi taeyd i ni nt ot ht he e o r a l intestinal tract* in the insulation I would reason from this, therefore, workers the gastrointestinal exposure that to frieblaertiownosuhldipboe fhfigibherandingtheesrtieofnoretoigf atshtreroeinwteasstianastlrocnagncer it should not be difficult to demonstrate it. There are some other data in humans Enterline has recently published a study bearing on this. of the death cer btiufiilcdaintegsmoaftearilaalrsg, efrniucmtbieornopf rwodourkcetsrsanwdhotmexatniulfeasctuurteilizing asbestos fiber. workers to those He of compared a cotton the causes of death in these textile processing group. Looking at these data one sees an inordinately high frequency no of relationship suggesting gastrointestinal cancer even when caused by one takes including into consideration the factor of dilution rather large numbers of fairly young and ashtioornt-,teIrmdoexnpoot sebdelpieevoeplteh. erTe aiksingsuablsltatnhtiinagl sevinidtoenccoe nastider this time intensity to of support the contention exposures that we know that even the highest of in industry lead to clear cut increased frequency of gastrointestinal cancer. There is lines. There abundant animal have been large experimentation along these scale animal experiments studying the and sizes on effects of asbestos fibers of various the pulmonary systems by exposing the kinds animals stoityairobforenxepofsiubreera. ndIndumraantiyonofwtahs ewseelelxpoevreirmtewnots ytehaersinantedn Ssuucfhficsiteundtietsocparrordieudce owutelilndSevaeralonpaecdLpauklemwoneraerytofibmry ooswins. konf otwhleedegne tairlwe abyosdcyhoafratchteesreizeadnimbyalcsaarnedfutlhgisroisnscleuxdaemdintahteion intra-abdominal contents. cerning the apprehensions Since of Dr. receiving information con Snell I have checked on this matter with Dr. Forde Mclver the Saranac Lake group and at the University of South in addition Carolina. with Utilizing all manner of animals vations going up to two and more including dogs and years in the mouse with obser and on itnovofolvuerdorinmtohree seyesatrus diinesthheasdeovgenrosneeenofanthyethiinngvewsthiagtastooervser / ( to suggest intestinal a relationship between or liver cancer in the fiber exposure and gastro exposed animals. In fact, CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000081 -5- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 to their best knowledge, they have never seen a tumor of the gastrointestinal tract in these experimental animals. I cite this data because such animals do not cough and spit and of necessity swallow the fibers that are brought back up from the lungs. In addition, the food, especially of the small animals is covered by the settled-out asbestos fibers in the experimental chambers. These experiments are as a rule conducted with exposures for six to eight hours a day, five days a week and the food in general is simply added to that which is already in the feeding boxes. When fresh vegetables are fed, they are placed in the cages in the morning and cleaned out only with the general cleaning of the cages the next day. I would estimate that the ingested fiber in these experimental animals far exceeds that of workers in industry. In mice, the observations were carried out over the lifetime of the animal and for 75 percent or more the expected lifetime in most of the other animals. Although it is difficult to extrapolate from animals to roan, the total lack of any evidence whatsoever that in the exper imental animal the ingestion of asbestos fiber causes any sort of malignancy in the intestinal tract would seem to me to be important. In fact, it is this total lack of finding of tumors in the gastrointestinal tract in this type of experiment that has obviated the necessity of setting up a full-fledged feeding type of experiment. I understand that one or two investigators are embarking on this kind of study at the present time, although I personally do not see the need for it. It seems to me, therefore, that Dr. Snell's apprehen sions are based on an erroneous impression that a high inci dence of gastrointestinal cancer has been proven to exist in persons occupationally exposed. There is evidence that such a relationship does not exist. This is both with respect to humans and experimental animals. In this context I think it should be re-emphasized that the intensity of exposure in all of the circumstances alluded to is far higher than one could conceivably expect in the drinking of water from asbestos cement pipe- A third type of neoplasm has been implicated recently with the inhalation and consequent ingestion of asbestos fiber. Although Dr. Snell did not mention mesothelioma I presume he may have had this tumor in mind also. This tumor arises / from the lining of the pleura space and abdominal cavity or peritoneum. In 1960 Dr. Wagner and his co-workers, at CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000082 -6- P. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 pthearstedtimpeopwuolraktiinogn, Innoatedhoasnpiutanlustuhaal tfrseeqruveicnecdy a rather dis of occurrence of In mtheesogtheneleioramlapionputlhaetiopna,tieans tws ialdl mbietteinddticoattehdeirlahteorsp, ital* this tumor is one the occurrence of of the only a exceedingly rare ones few cases in a single and hence hospital within a required sfuhrotrht epr eirniovdesotifgatitmioenw. asWraagtnheerranddrahmiasticcoa-wndorkers learned that a history of a factor common to all of their having worked for a long period cases was either of time in the pcorondtauccttiownithof itasboveesrtoms afniybeyreaorrs. haTvhinegnhoand-irnadtuhsetrriianlticmoantteact being fiber a strong from the one in that such individuals tailings heap, had walked or had picked short ridden on roads ccolontshtreusctoefdaosbf easstobseswtoosr-kbeerasriinng throecmk,inoers had and washed the mills frequently over many years. African asbestos Subsequent investigations in the producing regions indicates quite South clearly tinhatthothseisaurenaussuparl ofdruecqiunegnccyroocfidmoelistoethaenlidomtha eoccchurryrseodtiolenly pmreosdouthcienligomarae. as Iftawilaesd otfososmhoew inthteisreusnt,ustuoaol ,frtehqautenncoyt of all crocidolite producing thelioma. Subsequent areas showed a high to this disclosure, frequency of meso an unusual frequency of at mesothelioma has the present time been I am unearthed in told a total Great Britain where of 276 cases of meso thelioma in do not know the entire British Isles over how many years this have been series of located. I cases were accumulated. Even at tumor. Retrospective this number exploration it of continues to be a rare the life experiences finidetheexspe oisduerenttiofietdhecainshesaloaftiomnesoofthaelsibomesatohsafsibsheorwnsuachbaonsa feimbpelroymatenttheindtohceksaosbr ehsatonsdltinegxtoilfethinedfuisbterry, enthreouunteloatodinthgeof mills, direct etc., in a employment majority of the cases. In in such a way has not been some instances demonstrated but a greater than such as living casual in the contact with fiber has immediate neighborhood been disclosed of industrial mopenert aotrionwsaskhnionwgnotfocdloisthpeersseoffiabemremibnetrootfhethgeefnaemraillyenemviprloonyed in the asbestos industry. In the the light of the great difficulty few remaining of disclosing cases, in asbestos foifberrelaextpivoesusr, eebtyc.r, eitrtosispehcitgivhelymperthobodasblienvthoalvtinagn questioning actual greater athagnrecaatesruatlhacnonatancctitiwpiathtedfibfererqudeidncoyccouf r oicncuarrleln. ceMoofremreescoe ntly, thelioma has been disclosed in insulation workers and there CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000083 -7- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 is some evidence rather strongly suggesting the same is true in at least some of the asbestos textile employees of the US*A. In all of these exposures, crocidolite is again to be found. As was true in the chrysotile exposures of South Africa, a study of similar asbestos exposures in the milling of this type of fiber in the Canadian pro duction area has failed to disclosed any unusual frequency of e-sothelioma. A careful study of the Finnish population exposed to anthopholite also has failed to disclose a single case of mesothelioma. r In addition to a strong suggestion that crocidolite is the agent implicated in some way with the occurrence of mesothelioma, there is evidence to suggest that this tumor likewise is dose related. In all of those situations where the exposure can be relatively well documented, the occur rence of mesothelioma has been in persons not only exposed to crocidolite, but also the exposure has been greater than casual even though this tumor apparently has occurred in i the absence of sufficient exposure to cause actual pulmonary asbestosis. It would appear that the total exposure may be somewhat less than that needed to relate strongly to bronchogenic carcinoma, nevertheless the exposure is still one that is much greater than casual. By casual exposure I mean the kind of exposure which might occur in persons not working or living daily in contact with known sources of asbestos fiber dissemination. The finding of ferruginous bodies in the majority of the adult population whose lungs come to necropsy examinations suggests rather strongly that the entire population of the civilized world has some--though casual--exposure to the inhalation of fibers amongst which one can reasonably assume asbestos should be included. The finding of these fibers in the lungs indicates that such fibers most assuredly have been swallowed and hence enter the gastrointestinal tract in some as yet unknown numbers. In spite of this probable uniform type of casual exposure to asbestos fiber, Selikoff, Churg and Hammond report in the New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 272, page 560 in 1965 that of the 31,652 persons who were known to have died between the ages of 30 and 89 years and who were members of a follow-up of 1,048,183 persons only three had died of mesothelioma of the pleura and none of mesothelioma of the peritoneum. In the light of what we now know, it can be assumed that 50 per cent or more of these 31,652 persons who died must have had at least enough exposure to fibers, i CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000084 -8- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 some of bodies. which were It can be dfuorutbhtelresasssausmbeedsttohsa, t tosomcaeuusenknfeorwrnugqiunaonu s tities of lifetime, asbestos fiber beginning with wtheereaipnpgleicstaetdionduorfingbotdhy edirusetnintgire mesothelioma pitowidserc. leaSrinctheaot nsloymtehrqeueanstuibtyseqofueanstblyesdtoevsefloibpeedr ingestion is well tolerated, even for life. be prTesheenretedisnfeuxrtthsperrinegvidbeynDcer. aW lonilgliatmhis . liSnmeitwh haicnhd will his ctho-ewionrjkeecrtsi.onPolefuarsabl emsteossotfhieblieormaantad have been produced other non-asbestos by materials in the pleural Smith's group have shown stphaacteaopf reoxgpreersismiveentaatlteannuimatailosn. of to the the amount of asbestos fiber development of fewer and placed in the pleura fewer mesotheliomata leads and at the one milligram dose no mesotheliomata developed. in a With this background direct fashion about of information, what can the actual problem which be said raised eful information Dr in . t S h ne is ll's rega a r p d p . r ehen One sion can s. i n Ther quire e i is some nto the asbesto us evidenc s cement e t pi ha pe t . asbestos It is my fuinbdeerrsstaanredinregmlaetyahsdaetedvienflrooppmraendeitnernmerinlaibnliengcirocfumcasrtabnocneastes asbestos cement pipe completely shielding the original flowing through it. In pipe from contact with other circumstances, the pnthoipeefwibdaeotreerss. noYt oiunwaonuyldwkanyowdisbienttteegrrathtaenanI datshetoretfhoreeproeslseiabsielsities bthuat t Irecapnanirotocf opnicpeeivme itghhat tatthtihse otcicmaesiornelaelastyepseomofe fibers fiber rcaelseuaasle tyifpeitofdeidxpoocscuurre. couInld sobme eacniyrtchuimngstaonthceers than I am a told tihtsat inansberesstuosrfacecme eanntdptihpue smrieglhetassleowsolmy eloassebessutobsstafinbceerf.rom wTohuisldkbinedecoof nwomeaitchaelrlyingunmwuisset be to very slow--if use this pipe rapid, it under such circumstances. With water transiting the information system, the concerning the volume of area of the inner surface be possible of to mthaeke psiopme eanrodugthhe craalctue laotfiownesatohfertinhge it should total fiber dispersal. ested would be so low aI swtoouldbeainnticthipeacteasuthaal texthpeosaumreournatnignegwhere mesothelioma has not developed with an unusual frequency. ( CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000085 9 * F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 Even more meaningful to roe is the fact that asbestos cement pipe has been in use in water systems throughout the U.S.A. for twenty-five to thirty years in a rather large number of major urban locations. These geographic areas, as for example the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power in California, have medical facilities which are not likely to have overlooked a frequent occurrence of this exceedingly rare tumor. In this connection some data are available in regard to cancer of the digestive organs which include the gastro intestinal tract. Data from the National Office of Vital Statistics of the U. S. Public Health Service indicates that from 1947 to 1966 the rate of occurrence of tumor of this body system has dropped from 55.2 per hundred thousand population to 48.4. Substantial amounts of asbestos fiber have been used in various ways from 1930 on in the U.S.A. and one would anticipate that if this fiber was playing a role in the causation of gastrointestinal tumors, it might be expected to have led to an increase in tumor rather than the observed decrease. For the U.S.A. as a whole, and from the same statis tical source, cancer of the digestive organs is reported in 1964 to have been responsible for 5.1 per cent of all deaths. In Los Angeles, California where asbestos cement pipe has been used in very substantial amounts from 1936 on, the reported figure for cancer of digestive organs as the cause of death is 5.1 per cent in 1964. In other cities where asbestos cement pipe has been utilized in the water system for twenty-five or more years, as for example Knoxville, Tennessee; San Antonio, Texas; San Diego,California; Lubbock,Texas; and New Orleans, Louisiana, the per cent is less than the average for the U.S.A. and in Providence, Rhode Island and Miami, Florida, it is slightly above the average namely 5.7 per cent. I find it difficult to understand the reasoning upon which Dr. Snell bases the last sentence of his third para graph to the effect that "If any particles were released, current medical knowledge suggests that a rise in certain types of cancer could be expected about twenty to fifty years among the population." I wonder if Dr. Snell might provide us with the information cn which he bases his infer ence that medical knowledge suggests such a development CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000086 -10- F. J. Solon, Jr. December 20, 1967 following the release of a few or some determined number of particles into a water system. All of the information that I and others have strongly indicates that the relationship between neoplasia and asbestos fibers is a dose related one and to believe that a single fiber can cause a cancer seems incredible. The medical literature contains ample evidence that-, the kind of exposure to fiber experienced by those using the fiber in an occupational way is manyfold that of the general population. In the lungs received from persons with several years or more of continous indus trial exposure to asbestos fiber the number of ferruginous bodies can only be described by the word "myriads" whereas in the casually exposed lungs it is.necessary to digest large parts of the lung or squeeze the juice from large volumes of lung in order to find one or two such ferruginous bodies. In those instances where bronchogenic cancer or mesothelioma appear to occur with greater frequency on a population basis, the number of ferruginous bodies also appears to be much larger than in those casually exposed. I do not believe that Dr. Snell can offer any substantial scientific evidence to indicate that the ingestion of one or a hundred or a thousand asbestos fibers on one or more instances is causally related to the development of mesothe lioma. Most assuredly so few fibers cannot be related to gastrointestinal cancer, which appears to be his major worry, since in individuals known to be exposed far more heavily daily over a period of many years there is no acceptable evi dence of a higher than anticipated frequency of cancer of this system. If Dr. Snell does have such evidence, we and others would welcome knowing about it. With best wishes. Sincerely yours, GWWrkal George W.^Wrigh't, M.D. Head, Medical Research Department ( CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000087 f . / ^ Appendix N EDWARD J. PATTEN'S 'fiiip Washington Report i (Nol frmtoi At CTTiwaf VOL, 3. No, 3 15ch District - N. J. September, 1967 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH: A 20TH CENTURY PROBLEM Sowly we are learning che tremendous Importance of effective environmental health programs. Just a< decent wage and humane time schedule are both needed for peak worker efficiency and happiness, so must a worker be placed in a healthy atmosphere if he is to consistently produce top-level work. The President has atated feat reduction of one day's sick leave of every American worker would add $10 billion to the Gross National Product. Industry itself pays out over $2.5 billion a year to compensate idled workers. Within this framework, fee problems of occupational health have and beneficial uses are discovered for minerals and chemical compounds, new data is often uncovered linking the same wonder product r .with danger and disease. So has been fee case wife asbestos, considered fee "twentieth "ury wonder material." Over 3,000 uses are known for asbestos and 5400 million worth is produced annually by over 1 million workers, As fee mineral is suitable for use as uncombustible, nonconducting material, asbestos textiles (safety clothing, curtains, brake linings), . . asbestos cement and floor tile, plastics and paints, are all part of the annual domestic consumption. grown J?" . !; | \ to major fZ & - proportions. v'Vrcr >/--^ - j r// As new X 4 STATISTICS ARE GRIM . 2^- However, there is another more foreboding set of statistics: In one survey, deaths as a result of ca n c e r o f t h e lung, st o m ach and trachea exceeded fee national average by more than 12 to 1. Dr. WUllemH. Sceutrt. lt!. Surjeon-Cneral of [be U.S. Public Health. Service, dlscuss5 existing e n v i r o n t n e n C A l health programs ith Conjresjman EihvirJ j. PMten CD-15 Dit.-NJ). right. Prolonged Inhalation of asbestos fibers may result In other often-fatal lung diseases, Including pul monary.fibrosis . High-level exposure to asbestos has been Judged as the probable cause of a 21& increase over the ejected death rate for certain workers. The injury frequency rate of asbestos workers is more than double fee national average. If an asbestos worker also smokes, his chances of contracting lung cancer are 92 times greater than If he were a non-smoker. Clearly, there is a relationship between asbestos dust and serious disease, which Is also meaningful to -lany workers exposed to asbestos in related industries, such as building trades. In fact, experts feel feat t dust may be a potential health hazard for over 255c of the population. ( A Public Health Service (PHS) survey of 30 years ago led to fee adoption of a celling of fee maximum amount of asbestos particles in the air, a figure which has been under attack as unsafe and arbitrary. Unfortunately, there is no legislative authority by which the PHS can enforce strict standards or establish new guidelines; the Division of Occupational Health of PHS has only advisory power. It cannot now set strict Undarils wife which industry must comply. . .--.-- LEGISLATION IS URGENTLY NEEDED _ It Is to Oils end that I have introduced a bill* which would give HEW powsr to both establish and enforce ilisdc standards to protect the worker by insuring safer working comiitions and the public by producing ^fer materials. Such areas as labeling standards and Interstate transportation of goods would also come d under Federal supervision. HEW control of this severe environmental health problem should be carried out cooperation with the division which possesses fee greatest expertise: fee Division of Occupational Health of e PHS in fee Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Dr. Murray C. Browa^head of fee division, has said: "It is ly by maintainirg fee physical wcll-h^ng of Uie man on fee Job feat the nation can continue to hold Its position of Inilustrial and economic leadership." By givin-; HEW authority to insure safety in asbestos control, we would sec significant progress in this direction. . * } CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000088  Appendix o LOS ANGELES TI1-ES Los Angeles, California August 15, 1967 IT MAY BE HEALTH HAZARD New Theory About Asbestos BY HARRY NELSON Timti Medical Editir -4 . Evidence is accumulating that Apparently It reacti forever while. asbestos, an almost indestructible In the lungs. This belief is based on mineral with thousands of commer evidence that the capsule that coats cial uses, may be becoming an the foreign material eventually dis increasing public health hazard. integrates, releasing the fiber which It's been known for a long time then starts the disease process over that asbestos workers are prone to again. , certain lung diseases caused by The radiologists studied 47 pa breathing the fibrous material. But tients with lung cancer believed now there are signs that asbestos resulting from asbestosis. One of; may affect people not directly them had had only a six-month' involved with mining or using it. exposure to asbestos but the rest While the evidence implicating had had exposures of 15 to 25 years. nonworkers is still skimpy, it's strong enough for the authors of two Asbestos Has 3,000 Uses recent medical journal articles to Asbestos fibers are capable of ' say that the disease may be a public subdividing almost endlessly. Ap health hazard. parently this happens in the lungs Signs of asbestosis, the lung also. It is suspected of causing or disease resulting from inhalation of enhancing lung cancer, mesothelio asbestos fibers, have been found in ma or cancer of the pleura or persons who live near factories peritoneum and, some think, tuber where asbestos is used, in random culosis. " autopsies in Montreal, Pittsburgh, Asbestos has more than 3,000 Miami, Capetown and London and specific uses attributable to its in animals that live near asbestos unusual qualities. It is incombustib mines. le, nonconducting and chemically ... 1 L *. J- 1 Articles by Radiologists resistant. More companies use than it to 100 American make textiles. Both of the most recent medical tile, cement products, friction reports are by radiologists. One' materials, paper, paint and plastics., report is from Philadelphia and the The second medical report is in tjio other from New Jersey. The latter journal Radiology. Drs. Irwin H. article, by Dr. Nicholas G. Demy and Freundlich and Roy H. Greening of Di?. Howard Adler of Somerset Jefferson Medical Center, Phi- Hospital, Somervills, KJ., appears ladelphia, examined 187 asbestos in the American Journal 'of Rosnt- workers. They found that 56 genology, Radium Therapy and "showed some pulmonary change Nuclear Medicine. "which could be ascribed to the The doctors discount a theory that inhalation of asbestos dust." asbestos eventually disappears from The changes visible on X-ray films the lungs. Instead, they believe it is included thickening of the walls of fragmented into submicroscopic par- the lung cavity, calcified plaques or tides, each of which adds to the patches, fibrous tissues and other disease process. signs. - Nothing in the whole realm of There has been speculation by., tumor study compares with the way some researchers that even very asbestosis is caused, they said. While small amounts of asbestos in the in the body the asbestos does not lungs, such as might be present in wash away, undergoes no chemical the lungs of some urban dweller?, alteration or change in physical may enhance the eflect of tobacco in state and it does not become soluble, causing lunj cancer. ' Rn CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000089 THE WASHINGTON POST r Washington, D.C. December 25> 19^7 (Pl) " Appendix" P r ./, I Rare. Fatal Cancer y O i Among Those Handling Asbestos By Thomas OToole in the XJoited States, more lioma. Even today, doctors Wishinzton poit stff Writer than half of whom did not have trouble spotting it -- A fatal cancer of the chest ^cgin working with asbestos whether they're trying to and abdominal cavities Is UIjtii JQ years ago. diagnose it in a person still cropping u? among the Na- in terms of the number of See ASBESTOS, AS, Col. 1 tion's asbestos workers. persons involved, the apparent So rare that 20 years ago it asbestos peril may be even; wasn't even in the medicalj greater than that posed by textbooks, the cancer is called uranium mines. Last May mesothelioma, and seems al- Labor Secretary W. Willard most peculiar to people ex- Wirtz established the first I posed to asbestos. Federal radiation limits for But oddly, those stricken underground. uranium mines with the deadly disease in-| following disclosure that an elude a nurse whose father! estimated 115 men had died 1 worked in an asbestos plantprom lung cancer in a mining' and a man who handled as- population never higher than1 bestos for no more than a 5600. i month while he insulated thai Mesothelioma was first spot- plumbing in his own house, (lighted in 1950, when a Southi Any attention the disease; African doctor found 32 cases gets might come none too among the people living and soon. More than 1 million tons! working in the Cape of Good of asbestos is consumed annu- Hope asbestos fields. The ally these days in the United!same doctor turned up 57 States', with more than 3000! more cases in the next two separate uses being reported,years. for the fiber. There are at: Nobody knows how many least 100,000 asbestos workers Americans have had mcspthc- I CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000090 THE WASHINGTON POST (Cont'd) alive or .pin it down at] with two sons who worked as in the lungs, where they form * autopsy. asbestos insulators in a ship- gummy deposits. This explains But in three separate stud- yard. how asbcstosls gets started, les in the last three years, doc- Qf JQ deaths that seemed an^ perhaps even lung cancer, tors have turned up 71 cases. t0 have only a "questionable" One theory is that the gummy Oddly, 11 of them appeared to connection with asbestos ex- substance that builds up -have had no real exposure to posures, two turned out to be around the asbestos fiber asbestos. But the other 60 almost bizarre. One was a lodged in the lung can cause cither worked with asbestos, Swiss checsemaker, who work- cancer elsewhere in the body, lived with people who did or ed almost his entire life But how does it do it? Nobody lived In neighborhoods where around a large boiler cov- knows. the air was heavily laden with ered with asbestos insulation Because it is such a new and asbestos dust. that flaked off at the touch, little understood disease. The first American study Another was a worker in a mesothelioma is also creating was one run in 1964 by Dr. brewery, where beer Is fil- some serious social and Irving J. Selikoff of New tered through pulp filters economic problems. York's Mount Sinai Hospital, made essentially of cotton No state lists the disease In Tracing the lives of 632 New fiber and asbestos. jtj workmen compensation area members of the The most convincing study iaws so nobody afflicted with York Asbestos Workers Union who is the most recent one--con- jt ca'n paid damages for his were on the union rolls before ducted by a team of doctors affliction. Even now the first Jan. 1,1943, Dr. Selikoff found working out of Middlesex t t in t^e courts that 255 of.them had died byjGeneral Hospital in New ^cre they may conceh-abTy Jan. 1, 1963. Brunswick, N.J., a few miles t f t,' 1 5 1 1 0 Some of what he found did from the" Nation's largest as- TheLct that nobodv knows not surprisehim.For exampk'bestosplantone that employs exposure to asbes- 12 of the 2o died of asbes-iSOOO workers. . sis, a long-known but de- In the past three years, no J:TM.. v fnrf to creasingly fatal (due to antl- fewer than 19 cases of meso- Tn.t t biotics) disease brought on by theUoma passed through Mid- an in I years of breathing in dust. asbestos dlosex | the 19 General. Only Wo were not workers of at vlronmcnt where fhprp there is no no But Dr. Selikoff also found;the nearby asbestos plant TMore than "ve million par- that 45 of the men had died lone a woman who apparently ^s of asbestos dust per one of lung cancer, a rate 6.6 times Inhaled asbestos dust in laun- foot of air--a regulation higher than that in the nor- derlnS her husband's work that many in the abestos in- mal adult male population. clotile3> the second a spin-1 dustry fought years to get ap- f Even more surprising, he s'er who lived one block l proved, found five deaths due to from the Plant- I But witli mesothelioma, the mesothelioma. I A relatively "new" disease,,disease might be brought on; Dr. Selikoff then launched mes0thel'0I1[ia . ^ also one ofiby exposure to as little as one-' a follow-on study of 307 con-'the 1,1031 difficult diseases to tenth or one-hundredth that secutive deaths among asbes- confront modern medicine. limit. tos Insulation workers ^ almost Impossible to Despite obstacles like these, throughout the whole North- treat. Middlesex_ General's Dr. research has begun in a hand- east. Again, to his surprise, he Maxwell Borow says that even turned up 10 deaths due to the most potent anticancer mesothelioma. drugs have no effect on it About the same time, the A150"1 ^ that radiation treat- Pennsylvania State Depart- ments ^0' he.tsai"s'.?s .r?ln.^e ment of Health began a blind some 0+f th* flu^ that builds study to find how mesothe. up_ in the lungs from the dis- ">l lloma might be affecting the eafI?;. . 1nn more than 5000 asbestos work- f-f5 n ' n' " "ani ers scattered about the state. fuastuaal;llyDt/a-keBs^leosws st^hatnes'a arld year The Department sent ques-j fter diagnosis to run its tionnaires to 162 hospitals course" the southeastern part of the| Nobody knows why it attacks i state, asking the hosP'tals to. some as]3estos an(j not, report all mesotheliomas di3g-.0^ers_ or some victims of nosed between 195S and 1963 disease get it after an ap- Back came 42 documented, parcntly mUd exposure to as- cases of the disease, only 11 ofibestos jhe University of Mich-1 which could not be traced to igan School of Medicine cites asbestos exposure. | QNE case of a man who was ex-, Ten victims of the disease:posed to asbestos for about a; turned out to be men whojn,onth while he Insulated his worked in asbestos plants.!house. Six years later, he was Eight were people who lived'dead of mesothelioma, near asbestos plants most ofj Even the nature of the their lives. Three were mem- disease is little understood, hers of families who had one While it is generally known or more asbestos worker mem-1 that the disease attacks the bers--a 3-year-old girl whose lining of the chest and abdo- father was an asbestos en-Jmen. nobody knows how it' gincer, a nurse wliusc faliur ^cts tiieie. had worked for 35 years in an' When asbestos dust is in- asbestos plant and a woman haled, the fibers get trapped CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000091 \ r i THE WASHINGTON POST (cont'd) rXi;.mt^' .r- ^^yp-si : r - - f - :.; /if* f M j , ^ m' i v ; T-VH | . 'V A'V^: V:.. /: *">, -'yj: ^ '. ' r I 'x- r : > 3^; ---: :A H' v '\$m> - ^ .r' --Hn >> ir-' J: ? . ' " fi: :.' V.;.;.^; r, ^ : ?-'v;; mmk " /-. ,-.: : t:-- I /:' ,#'" wC>- H- rr f 3 H ' v- ' .. ... -. <-s - WHmm^ \ % ;< - -> . '-v - ...i - - -- - - ^ V V\ ' ^ 1 ^ - - -. iS-.-. t ^ X-. s,> - ^ ..:...\. -a A worker operates a braider in a Canadian asbestos insulation plant. ful of places to find out morejto the disease. He's doing it]relate to an earlier time about the ailment. Mountjwith a $3300 grant from thelperiod," states Dr. W. D. Nor- Sinai's Dr. Selikoff is now con-iPapermakers Union, which'wood, of Richland, Wash., Stantly monitoring the 150o!rePresents the asbestos work- "the health problem in the members of the Asbestos |ers in the New Jersey plant future may be very extensive] Workers Union in mctropoli !Dr. Borow studied. _ ^and serious.1* tan Naw York. The Philadel-"[I m oInt e yw.aDsnr'.t easy getting the | Indeed, it may be Borow went to 40 many doctors think, true, that as: it' phia local of the^ same union i0rganjsa(j0ns before he got ititakes 20 years of exposure loi has started a similiar program j--including the American Can-'asbestos to bring on most' with Hahncman Hospital to lCer Society and the Public icases of the disease. If this j uncover more information. Health Service. I is so, says Dr. Norwood, "large Middlesex General's Dr. Some doctors think the numbers of malignancies are Borow says that he Is in the ! mesothelioma problem is just,beginning to occur and will process of setting up a travel- beginning- "Since the malig-j substantially increase in the Ing exhibit to bring attention: nancies now being recognized (near future." CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000092 Appendix Q r >' a similar group of men who hadn't been chroni High Rate of Cancer cally exposed to asbestos. ' Most of the men who died--7S--were cigaret Noted Among Smokers In Asbestos Industry smokers. And among the smokers, 24 died of lung cancer. No lung-cancer deaths occurred among those who didn't smoke. Twenty-four lung-cancer deaths was an ex tremely high rate, the researchers calculated. Among a similar group of smokers who hadn't Combination of Asbestos Dust, been exposed to asbestos, statisticians would expect only about three deaths from lung can- . . Cigarets Poses Great Risk cer;t^e{ .... .. . 0 Of^Lung Cancer, Study Shows ^ It posed they had neither smoked nor been to asbestos dust," they said, the exex pected number of lun^-cancer deaths would Bu O/WALL STREET JOCRXAL Staff Reiiorier ATLANTIC CITY -- Asbestos workers who moke clgarets have a nlnetyfold greater risk have been one or none during the 52-month perlod. "All people Incur a great Increase In risk of lung cancer If they smoke clgarets; for asbes- of dying of lung cancer than persons who nel- tos workers the increase in risk Is tremen- ther smoke nor work around asbestos, three dous," they said. The researchers noted that New York medical researchers said. microscopic asbestos fibers, once Inhaled, re- The extremely high risk of lung cancer main permanently in the lung tissues. As a re- among persons exposed to the combination of suit, "Asbestos workers who don't smoke cigar- asbestos dust and cigaret smoke was uncov- ets should never begin. Those who do smoke ; ered in a study of 370 members of the Newark, N.J., and New York locals of the International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers union. The men are primar- should stop immediately." The study was made by Dr. Irving J. Seli- koff and Dr. Jacob Churg of Mt. Sinai School of Medicine and by E. Cuyler Hammond of the ily involved in installing asbestos insulation in American Cancer Society, construction work, -- 1 -- The workers were exposed to a greater amount of asbestos dust than the general popu lation. and all had been occupationally exposed to It for at least 20 years. But, the researchers added that the general population, particularly In big-city areas, is exposed to a slight amount J of such particles. As a result, they said, it is important to determine whether cigaret smok \ ing m&kes this light exposure more hazardous than it would be otherwise. / In a report to the scientific session of the : American Medical Association's annual con- vention here, the researchers said there were t 94 deaths among' the insulation workers during a S2-month period. This, they calculated, was 1 46 more than would have been expected among W&ZS mCD Mrmmo/7 r* Brkks hGa By M A R K B L O O M Asbestos dust has; Innjr Veen suspected to be a Science Editor of THE NK*\ S factor in cancer, as has norniiil air pollution. But the Atlantic City, June 19--Smoking and think study indicated--while not proviiiif conclusively--that the dust may merely be a tntjierinK Mkeiit to H cancer ing took it on the chin today at the American producing ajfent in clgarets. Medical Association's nniijil convention. But j "This finding due^n't prove thiit exposure lo iisbesius (lust has no influence on the ri^k of Imi^ inncer nmon^ sex, as long as it is acccrnpfinietl oy the pill, : nonsmokers," Sellkoff said. "However, it suKfsts that was given a clean bill of heiilth. | exposure tp asbestos dust does not lead to an extreitiely high risk'of IUIIK cancer amnnjr nonsmokers." Smoking was pinned to an abnormally hiirh lunj; r* t %s _ . \ cancer death rate aimmj; asbcstr.s woi l>ei-s in study -conducted by Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City ml the American Canrer Society, supported by the DAILY NEWS. TUESDAY, JUNE 20, 1OCT Health Research Council of New York. Accordinjr to a team headed by Dr. Ii vinj; V. Selikoff of Mount ' " Sinai, the study showed that .f 2fC workers who hail history of cancer w;thin smoking, 24 of them died, of P Sl'-nuinth f- t iod. [)(!( !.!. the lunj; saii;c t . - period, 87 workers who had never anioked regularly II escaped lunjr canrer. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000093  . i ^ CHEMICAL WEEK September 10. 1966 : Sources of airborne asbestos Appendix R . w Asbestos-lined ducts used in centrally air-conditioned buildings. . i. Asbestos ducts and insulation in home central-heating plants. '.J Motor vehicle brake linings and clutch plates. -.Auto undercoatings. ' Asbestos ceiling and floor tiles. ; j.;.. ^ Asbestos shingles and sidings. " i Construction and demolition Fitting, cutting, and removing asbestos-filled wallboards and floorings, piping and insulation. . Incineration of asbestos-filled scrap. i Improperly filtered effluent from asbestos processing plants. i Asbssfos: Awaiting Trial' I The asbestos industry--whose end products are valued at more than $500 million/year--may be in for a shaken^i. It could come in the form -of federal legislaHon limiting the use of . asbestos, because asbestos has been ac cused--thoush not yet "convicted"-- is a significant health hazard. Prob able contender for asbestos markets: ' plastics. Recent studies have convinced U.S. Public Health Service specialists and other medical authorities that about ' 405 of all Americans have mild, chronic cases of asbestosis, even i though most of them never worked . directly with asbestos. Unlike other airborne dust particles, asbestos fibers have the ability--alj most as much as activated carbon-- : to absorb polycydic hydrocarbons 1 and arsenicals. Furthermore, says USPHS, in the past 30 years the as bestos-related cancer rate has in creased sixfold. The Inferences: While the average asbestos worker is well protected, the man on the street is not. The 3x1micron asbestos fibers in his lungs can come from a variety of sources (table, above). And medical experts say there's no way to assess hydrocarbon content in those lung deposits. American Cancer Society research ers feci certain there is a synerei-.tlc relationship jrnon^ airborne as!v-.to-i, jmoking and lung cancer. They reason that the nondegradable, hydrocarbonsoaked fibers may well be a constant source of lung irritation. PHS officials^ think it may take them up to five years to establish asbestos' true role as an air pollutant. However, Congress may act before the research is finished. Says Repre sentative Robert Watkins (R.. Pa,): "We've seen enough evidence al ready. Asbestos will never get a clean bill of health. With just a little more data well move for. controls and strict ones." Some form of asbestos control is in the offing, public health officials are certain. If only part of a larger clean-ambient-air .program. However, there is the danger that Congress may enact rigorous controls on the quanti ty of asbestos that could be used. In that case both Canada and U.S. asbestos products manufacturers would be hard hit Of the five forms of asbestos ' mined today, chrysotile asbestos holds the predominant mar ket position because of its insulat ing and processing qualities. Canada produces more than 80^e of the chry sotile asbestos used in the U.S. In both countries, a number of serious dislocations would occur. At present, there is no known ma terial that could fill all of asbestos' strategic roles. On the other hand, should federal .controls merely call for higher standards for binders and shieldings, that would spark a rise of new proJuct-i, with plastics taking the lead. Reason, say industry spokesmen, present polymer technology could easily turn up products to replace as bestos in most end-uses. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000094 mm\m iilSd taLL' 4*- |. .ON THE COVER: Test pattern used In adjust ing and checking color TV. Each set contains triads of red, blue and green phosphors. Color TV has been greatly improved by the europium-yttrium rare-earth phosphor (p. 79). Vol 99, No. 15 Appendix S Yrtnrwn- Hr Hsh Hr : i Vi1 [ ' ( ' [ i t i I ! if ! J b uUL^iid^Jr UGTr: ruxx ^.lgM] October 8, 1966 -- T-- zStZJf. h(/ ' -': THIS WEEK IN BUSINESS 5 VIEWPOINT; Wage-price guldeposts have broken down, and unless labor and man ! agement voluntarily repair them, mandatory controls are Inevitable. 7 U.Sv-.Publie Health Service and Johns-Manville deny conclusions tha^asbestos has been shown to be a public health hazard. --j------M-- -- --fl-- 25 Seeking "fair share" of low-cost petrochemical feedstocks: As Dow and Hess seem ; : about to get special import quotas, others eye foreign trade zone bids. 27 For companies that store oils, chemicals, other fluids in rented tank farms; ac countants' committee suggests safeguards to prevent another "soy oil fiasco." 28 New forum, old debate: Spokesmen for domestic and foreign producers of syn thetic organic chemicals sum up latest tariff arguments for AlChE members. 29 Financial revelations coming from chemical companies and divisions; Discretion still prevails over disclosure, but reporting of divisional data to be required. 30 More mergers and acquisitions; Sohio becomes full owner of Mountaineer Carbon; Alco gets Rubber-Plastics Industries; Sherwin-Williams buys Sprayon Products. 31 High court to rule on disputes of big concern to chemical companies--such as conglomerate mergers, franchise dealerships, "piggyback" freight, "hot cargo." 45 Diaz Administration intent on boosting fertilizer and pesticide production to help feed growing population, gives Mexico a better foreign trade balance. DEPARTMENTS Business Benchmarks Business Newsletter Countdown international Key Changes Letters Marketing Market Newsletter Meetings National Roundup People Production Research Specialties Technology Newsletter Viewpoint Washington Newsletter World Roundup 110 19 105 45 101 7 72 75 7 39 66 95 96 79 91 5 35 61 66 'Continental' executives living in Puerto Rico find that the U.S. territory combines the pleasures and problems of a foreign assignment 110 New orders for nonelectrical equipment are running 23% ahead of last year, but not all six machinery makers are sharing equally in the boom. T:~ .3 vvHK I N TECHHOL.CG/ 95 Toms River Chemical builds 600,000-sal. rubber-lined waste disposal basin for use In emergencies--such as a breakdown in its effluent discharge pipeline. 96 Pittsburgh Plate Glass is offering a novel process for making strong, crack-free foams of alumina or other refractory oxides. vVciciK ; s -SPiz.Gi i i~S 79 Rare earths are literally lighting their way to new applications in fluorescent and high-pressure discharge lam|3s, as well as in color TV. ( ClHnlci) Wk It KbtiUttd rttklr br McCrM-HIII. Inc., 330 Will tint Sl .Mt* York, N.Y. 10034 C<S9rrlfhl Wi br UcC'io-H.II, IK. All rithtl rmrml. Member af ABC md ABP. Cstcutiv. editorial. Circulation and Adv<niiln| 0ici: UcGrfH(M Building, 330 Wen 4}nd 5L. New York. N Y. 10036. Corperat* rficcn: Sftelton Flliter, pretidtiiL: John J. Cooke, urrtitry; Joftn L. McCrj*, trutwrer. Prin:<d at PniUil-lpn.a, Pa 19104 (3rd Si and Hunting Park), ircand-clafiti malil por.apt paid ax Pliiladclpfcij* Pa. Subtcrtftion ralo lor individual! in (ieU ol puttlicatioa U.S., U.S. poiuitioni ar.j CJ.-QCJ. Si Por rtJr l.mglr CJP*. tdlthl i rfr 'V.'UUtuitrnn H f n ^ ChjMlr IM. SIS; All ttneri, S75. Plrat# ttr Adrrtiur:' indfi PJV* Mforc rtaurtiin) a Mibtcription or tending ja a change sf addreu. Poilmaitar: Pltatc form J57 9 ui, Filfillmtfll Manager, Cbeflilcal Week, P.O. Bn> 430. Hiyttuawn. N.J. 09S20. CfemiAif Week's puklifHer, Nn York editorial staff and odvenliing manjwnwnl are located on the 72iii floor of J. C. Pennev kl'dinq. T30I Avenue of tbe AjnericiL y' rV C| CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000095 : LETTERS '-PftSi- b ^oZ>. ; Asbestos Safety Reaffirmed To THE EDITOR: The article titled Asbestos: Awaiting Trial'" (CW, .. Sept. JO, p. 32) contains many inac curacies, which have led to erroneous ' assumptions and false conclusions. Briefly, the facts are these: (1) Asbestos is a uniquely useful - product serving the needs of modem man and society, and it is not likely to be replaced by economically feasible synthetic polymers, or anything else, in the foreseeable future. (2) No published reports, even the most speculative, support the general ized statements in your article regard I ing health effects of possible exposure to asbestos. . (3) There is no basis for the sugges tion that Congress "may act" regard ing asbestos use, for no such proposals are being considered by Congress. We are informed that the congressman quoted as predicting action disclaims any knowledge of health evidence relating to asbestos or of proposals to control its use. - ' (4) No evidence exists to show that V -sbestos poses health risks for the gen- al public or to show that even 15 of Americans have "mild chronic asbestosis," much less the 40% figure you give in your article. (5) Regarding your list of "sources of airborne asbestos," there are no data to support the contention in your article that the "man on the street" is exposed to asbestos from these sources, or indeed that these sources contribute asbestos to the ambient air. (6) We know of no data to support your claim of a sixfold increase in so- called "asbestos-related cancer." As you doubtless realize, the proper conduct of our business requires us to keep abreast of scientific developments regarding asbestos, both medical and technical. Is is our opinion that syn thetic polymers are not likely in the CW welcomes expressions of opinion from readers. The only requirements: that they be per tinent, as brief as possible. Address all correspondence v to: H. C. E. Johnson, Chemical Week, 330 West 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036. foreseeable future to completely re place asbestos in the many applications for which it is now used. Any syn thetics would have to prove superior to natural asbestos and be economical ly competitive. As to health aspects, in June of this year the U.S. Surgeon General ap peared before the Senate Public Works Subcommittee on Air and Water Pol lution, with Senator Edmund Muskie of Maine as chairman, to discuss var ious problems relating to air-pollution abatement. Surgeon General William Stewart enumerated a number of sub stances in common use, including plastics and asbestos, about which he said: 'The public health hazards that may arise from these aspects of en vironmental contamination have not been adequately documented. In each instance further investigation is needed to determine whether health is indeed threatened and what control measures may be necessary." In these days when all substances in our air and water and even the food we eat are constantly under scrutiny, as to their effects on the pub lic, the fact that asbestos is among the subjects of investigation is not surpris ing. In fact, we have always supported and will continue to support investiga tions by the U.S. Public Health Service and other research scientists. ROGER HACKNEY Vice-President Johns-Manville Corp. New York To THE EDITOR: In reference to your article, "Asbestos: Awaiting Trial'" (Sept. 10, p. 32), we know of no scientific evidence supporting the statement that "40% of all Amer icans have mild, chronic cases of asbestosis." Even in the asbestos industry, where more is known about exposure levels than among the general population, there is imprecise knowledge about the health effects of exposure to as bestos. With the cooperation of labor and industry, the Division of Occupational Health has under way a long-range, in-depth study to answer this question, ' as well as to develop better criteria for the safe handling and manufacture of asbestos. In the meantime, however, the division will continue to promote the application of known control methods so that the workplace can be kept as healthy as possible. MURRAY C. BROWN, M.D. Chief Division of Occupational Health Department of Health, Education & Welfare Public Health Service Washington, D.C. CW is pleased to set the record straight. Some of those interviewed apparently drew unwarranted conclu sions from insufficient and dubious data.--ED. MEETINGS Assn. of Ofiicia] Analytical Chemists, annual meetinj. Twin Bridges Maaiott Motor Hotel, Washington, D.C.. Oct. 10-13. Technlcon international symposium on automation in analytical chemistrj', Statler-Hilton Hotel. New York, Oct. 17-19. DniS, Chemical & Allied Trades Assn., annual meeting, Hollywood Beach Hotel. Hollywood. Fia., Oct 20-22. Commercial Chemical Development Assn., discussion of packaging, Drake Hotel, Chicago, Oct. 26-28. National Assn., of Purchasing Agents, Chemical Group, annual fall conference. Continental Plaza Hotel, Chicago, Oct. 27. Society of Engineering Science, fourth technical meeting. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Oct. 31-Nov. 2. American Society for Metals, national metal congress and exposition. McCormick Place, Chicago, Oct. 31-Nov. 3. Parental Drug Assn., annual conven tion, Statler-Hilton Hotel, New York, Nov. 1-4. Fertilizer industry round-table con ference, Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C., Nov. 2-4. The Society of the Plastics Industry, 11th plastics film, sheeting and coated fabrics conference, Waldorf-Astoria Ho tel, New York, Nov. 9-19; conference on cellular plastics in transportation. Edgewater Beach Hotel, Chicago, Nov. 15-17. The Franklin Institute Research Labt oratories, fourth annual symposium on the organic-solid state, Philadelphia, Nov. 14. General Atomic Division of General Dynamics Corp., and Air Force OfTicc of Scientific Research, fundamentals of gassurface interactions, San Diego, Calif.. Dec. 14-16. October 8, 1966 CHEMICAL WEEK 7 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000096 : M ( '1 ME r n r c \ A M E R B C A N M.E D B CA L Appendix . T J : ASSOCBATBON . S3S North Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60610 Area Code 312 SZT-ISOO For P.M. Release Monday, May 23, 1966 ' CONTENTS Decline in reported measles cases Asbestos in urban air----- -- Swimming pool safety measures Small town's need draws doctor- page 1 page 3 page 5 1 page 7 rV, v ( DECLINE IN REPORTED MEASLES CASES CHICAGO--Approximately 12 million American children have been immunized against measles (rubeola) since vaccine was licensed three years ago, and there has been a major decline in reported cases. The Medical News section of the current (May 23) Journal 'of the American Medical Association reports these preliminary figures from the U.S. Public Health Service: During the first 17 weeks of this year, reported cases were down to 125,96o, compared with 162,029 for the same period in 1965. Last year's total reported cases (266,222) were less than half the number of a decade earlier (555,156 in 1955). "We really are pretty far along toward measles eradication right now," said Robert J. Warren, M.D., chief of the Childhood Virus Disease Unit at the PHS' Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta, Ca. Rubeola incidence shows periodic peaks, and past experience had indicated that major outbreaks might be expected in the U.S. early this year. The chief of the Communicable Disease Center, David J. Ser.cer, M.Df cautioned, however, that reported measles cases probably represent only about 10 per cent of the actual number. Even with immunization of an estimated 12 millionyoungsters-reducing measles-susceptible population by about 40 per cent--there are more than 12 million left, said Dr. Warren. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000097 i " J. -2- Between 2 million and 4 million of these will have to be immxinized to accomplish measles eradication^ he said, "if we pick the right children." ' The "right children" are those living in lower socioeconomic areas, to some extent those in rural areas, and the young school-age susceptibles, he said. - "In most areas, we'll be on the verge of eradication a year from now," he said. "There may be pockets of measles cases where all concerned haven't done enough." A key factor in eradicating measles is the cooperation of p'racticing physicians, CDC Chief Sencer emphasized. Physicians . should include measles immunization in their private practices and help educate parents to the seriousness of the disease. The annual death rate attributed to measles continues to average ' more than 400 in recent years. Dr. Sencer said. If the ratio of cases * to fatalities holds, however, final figures for 1965 may show a decline in deaths to about 240. - i Some children react to the "live" vaccines being used, but this has been "greatly overplayed," Dr. Sencer said, i<Children tolerate measles vaccine very well." . About 15 per cent of those receiving two types of live attenuated measles vaccines may experience rather high fever, beginning about the sixth day after vaccination, and lasting no longer than five days. the PHS has said. One vaccine type (Edmonston strain), "may have about twice this frequency of such responses," the PHS Advisory Committee statement said, but continued, "the great majority of reports indicate that even children with high fever experience relatively little dis comfort. ,. and reactions often go unnoticed by the parents. Because most adults have had measles, there has been little vaccination of older persons, except in relatively isolated areas where few adults have been exposed to measles. Limited data, the PHS said, "indicate that inthe adult, reactions to vaccine are no more common than in children." _ To come closer to eradication of measles in this country, said Dr. Warren, these three things must be done: --As many pre-school children as possible must be immunized. --Efforts should increase to immunize school children, whether there is a measles epidemic or not. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000098 3 ' 1- V. --Epidemics should not be tolerated when.they start. . and Extensive one planned campaigns, such, as the this month'in Delaware recent one in Rhode Island will be important factors in ' eradicating measles. Dr. Warren predicted. to Kansas was include measles the first state to amend school entry requirements immunization, he said, and several other states ' , apparently are following suit. . Some persons should not postpone immunization, he said. receive measles vaccine, or should These include pregnant women, vic . ' tims malig of nan tube cies, r culo and si p s, er s leuk ons emia who , lymphom are hyper as se n and sitiv o e the to r v a gener ccine alized com- . ponents or have recently received other live-virus vaccines. i The CDC's Dr. Sencer . measles in the U.S. "may be vestigation." sees the sufficient day when a single case of to prompt an epidemic in Even then. Dr. Warren added, immunization levels high.until measles it is will be necessary to keep eradicated from the world. -0- ASBESTOSIN URBAN AIR CHICAGO--Asbestos in the air might someday be a new hazard of urban living. isn't ofThme acjoorncceonntrcaetrinonnoowf ,asebmepshtoassizpearttwicolems eidnicuarlbainnveasirtigparotobrasbilny a current publication of the American Medical Association. and They brake point out, linings, the however, that the wear of weathering of asbestos automobile clutch roofing--ever, the wearing of floor tile containing asbestos--are certain to increase airborne concentrations of the material. Inhaled in sufficient quantities, asbestos can cause lung disease, including malignant tumors. type Asbestos is virtually indestructible. has a tendency to break into hair-like The most commonly used fibers, some of which are so small they cannot be seen with an ordinary microscope. If inhaled into the lungs, the concentrating in the base of the lungs sharp fibers move downward, or in adjacent tissues. Protein and iron encrustations form around the fibers, producing "asbestos CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000099 bodies." Man and guinea pigs seem to be the only animals in which these formations occur, but the result in their bodies can be develop ment of a tumor. . . '* . *VA ' The authors of the report are J.G. Thomson, M.D., of the Medical School, University of Cape Town, South Africa, and Wallace ; M. Graves, Jr., M.D., formerly of the University of Miami School ' of Medicine, Miami, Fla., and now of Professional Medical Labora tories. Fort Myers, Fla. . When they reviewed the autopsies of 500 Miami residents aged 15 and over, they found that asbestos bodies were present in the lungs of 30 per cent of the males and 20 per cent of the females. These findings were similar to an earlier Cape Town, South Africa, survey .by Dr. Thomson, ^ The authors emphasized, however, that none of the deaths were due to asbestos inhalation or, in fact, to any kind of lung disease. Only a few of the males (about 1- in 17) had what might be considered significant concentrations of asbestos bodies in their lungs. , The survey did not indicate the concentration of asbestos particles in Miami air. It-showed only that urban dwellers are exposed to some asbestos inhalation, a phenemenon of modern times. f "The use of asbestos has increased in amount and variety in the past 30 years to a degree unprecedented in any other common mineral," the authors said. "Few are aware of the extent to which there has been created in recent years in towns and cities what could be called an asbestos environment.i V - World asbestos production now exceeds 3 million tons a year, five times, that of 20 years ago. The United States consumes onefourth of all production. In earlier times, workers in asbestos mines and factories were frequent victims of lung diseases. Factory dust control eliminated many of these hazards, but now smaller quantities of airborne asbestos are found in many places. Commenting on the report, an editorial in the current (May 23) Journal of the American Medical Association said: "Asbestos is now a hazard in an increasing variety of occupations involving asbestos or asbestos-containing products, such as asbestos cement, insulation, paint and plastic, ship building, and in the construction industry." The lung disease observed in these workers is usually milder than that seen earlier in asbestos-factory workers. However, after being exposed to asbestos for several years, malignant tumors may . develop. . CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000100 5 (T . . V . .."Unlike thee yooludnegr uprobpualnadtwioenllwehrihcahshtahdeneoxepxopsousrueroef tao alsibfeesttimoes , until recently, th before him," the editorial said. "The investigators predict that urban air contamination by asbestos will continue to increase. What is not known is just how much asbestos must be present before (malignant tumors") result." ' ' . ..' ; The report appears in the current (May) Archives of Pathology, published by the AMA, -0- ( SWIMMING POOL SAFETY MEASURES CHICAGO--If you're installing a backyard swimming pool, you can ensure peace of mind by "kidp roofing" it to prevent accidents. The current (June) Today's Health magazine, published by the American Medical Association, lists several suggestions for making backyard pools safer. f The suggestions are based on the first national study of pool drownings, in which newspaper reports of drownings in 1965 were . used as the source of information. . Of the e472mapjooorlitdyroowfnivnigcstilmasst dyreoawrn,ed246inochcoumrerepdooaltsproi%vyanteed " residences. Th by their own families, and 155 of these victims were under age five.. Three chief causes of drownings were "temporary" lack of qualified adult supervision; inadequate pool protection, such as fences, and victims' inability to float or swim. Such tragedies can be prevented, says the author, Daniel P. Webster,'a recreation consultant in the Division of Accident Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service. . To make a pool safer, he suggests these things: _ 1. Surround the pool with a fence or wall at least six feet high. The fence should have barriers at the top to prevent climbing, and should extend at least six inches into the ground to prevent toddlers from burrowing under it. 2. Fence framing and braces should be on the inside to eliminate handholds a child might use as a ladder. 3. Trim foliage so the pool area can be observed from outside. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000101 Appendix U HARDESTY - 963-7734 (HOME) - 654-0231 U. S. CZPARTKSKT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE Public Health Service Olvislort of Occupational Health 2?.j7ZSS10KAL RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 9, 1966 Cincinnati, Ohio: Exposure to high levels of asbestos dust 20 to 30 years ago are probably responsible for a 21% increase in the death rate exiong certain workers in a large group recently studied by the Public Health Service. Thlsexcess was due to cancer of the lung and gastrointestinal tract na to asbestosls* In other asbestos-using industries studied where dust levels were relatively low even though there was long-term exposure, the diioth ratio were much lower. The.report was presented to 22 experts on environmental disease attend ing a Conference on Asbestos Research sponsored by occupational health officials of the Public Health Service here this week. "While dust levels have been sharply reduced in the asbestos textile industry where the excess mortality was found, the finding adds to the grow ing evidence that asbestos exposure is associated with cancer of the lung,n said Dr. Murray C, Brown, Chief of the Division of Occupational Health, who s>de the report. Dr. Brown's report was based on research being conducted by Dr. Philip Interline of McGill University and Dr. Mildred Kendrick of the Division of Occupational Health, Their data is taken from the Social Security Administration records for 21,755 men who had worked in the three industries and from death certificates from State health departments. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000102 - 2 The Conference vas held Co exchange Infonr-atlon on asbestos research V _rosrams now underway and Co identify gaps in research as veil as areas . needing greater attention. The conferees agreed on the need for a broader attack on the many problerrs related to asbestos as an industrial as well as a potential environ-. 1 mental contaminant. High on the list of research priorities were studies of population groups with both heavy and light exposures to asbestos fibers. In 'making such investigations the types of asoestos as veil as other associated factors sust be considered in evaluating both types of exposures. It ' vas pointed out chat is is not knovm whether asbestos mineral fibers are vehicles or carriers of carcinogenic chemicals or are active themselves. The group stressed that there must be expanded laboratory animal stud ies of the effects of different types of asbestos dustst alone and in coo i-Vajion with various metals and hydrocarbons. They said that present for the accurate indentification of asbestos fibers in tissue are inadequate and ijust -e l~_?rovad. There vas also concern about the need for standardization of diagnostic methods, better diagnostic terminology for pathologic and radiographic descrlpt^on of lung changes and pleural tumors. Slmiliarly, techniques fir ( Che collection. Identification, and quantitation of asbestos fibers in the Industrial and conzunity environment need refinement and standardization. "This latest information indicates that asbestos is causing problems, and we intend to move rapidly toward an intensified program to get answers to some of the more urgent questions," Dr. Brown told the conferees. / i 1 l r I i ] CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000103 - 3 In the meantir.e. It is iinportsnt that those producers and users who are not showing proper regard to Che health hazards of asbestos dust institute controls which have already been shown to reduce the dust problem**1 "While we really do not know how controls can be applied in all of the endless varieties of work situations and sites, these questions can be. answered through the types of diligent painstaking work that have been out lined at this ineetingyn Or. Brown concluded. Asbestos is a generic term applied to a number of fibrous crystalline silicate minerals. Although chemically they are grouped as hydrated sill- cates, there is a great variation in the degree of hydration, complex compo r sition of the silicate, and physical properties of the crystalline fibrous strueCure. These differences make it difficult to assess the fibers* ef- ^ects on the lung. Although asbestos has been known for centuries, it has only been a mineral of significant industrial importance for about 75 years. With out- standing properties of chemical resistance, fibrous structure, and incoa- bustiblllty, the material is used in practically every major industry. Over one million workers are involved in the manufacture or handling of t asbi-^-ss product*. Major applications include textile manufacturing, felts, ropes, roofing and flooring materials, asbestos-cement pipes, gaskets. Insulation, special papers, filters, plastics, and brake linings. Current domestic consumption of the mineral in the manufacture of asbestos products is nearly 800,000 tons, Of the three forms of asbestos. t / chrysotlle accounts for about 95 percent of this figure, with amoslte at r CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000104 * 4 >. 4t about 20,000 tons and crocidolite st about I0V000 tons making up the remainder. Because most of the mineral is imported into this country, researchers in the field feel that the greatest potential health prob lems in America exist for those vho work with asbestos rather than for those vho mine it. ,***** ( / 1 L CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000105  Appendix v -32- ENVIRONMEifTAL CONTROL REPORT #3 - SECTION ^3, ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES NOVEMBER I, 1967. : INDEX Page Plbrous Dust Study B^aka. Lining Dust Study Coalinga Fiber Study Epidemiological Study of the Canadian General Population Library of Asbestos Research and Health Studies \ ^Asbestos Industry Study' Brake Lining Dust Study Insulation Workers Health Studies Analysis of Urban Air Samples Air Duct Erosion Tests . Fibrous Glass and Mineral Wool Industry Study Cooperative Asbestos Environmental Health "idemiological Study of J-M Retired Employees. I Meetings, Conferences, and General . Information ... 33 33-3A 34 34 I 1 35 35 36 36 37 37 37-38 38 1 38-39 39-40 CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000106 / -33- ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES , TwhheichfolJloohwnisn-gMaInsviallperoigsreascstirveeployrtpaorftiecnivpiartoinnmge:ntal and health studies in FIBROUS DUST- STUDY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA - CCOONOTRADCITNA-TORROSB-ERTH.T.M.F.JAdCeKSTORNEVAINLDLEC,. M.D. L. SHECKLER This study involves, the investigation and isnytnothfeotuirc.varIinouasddtiytpieosn,offiabsrboeusstogsl;a&-s, cmhirnyesroatlilweo,ola,moasnidtseo,mecroorcgiadnoilcitfei,bers will be studied. POrcotgorbeesrs1h1a,s1b9e5e7n. reDpro.rtJeodhnatM.tGh.e DIanvdiusstprrieaslenHtyedgiaenepaFpeorunednattiitolneMdee"tAisnbges-otnos Bodies and Bioeffects". Dr. Davis reported on hisirtehsetahrec'hrewsoerakrchatbetihnegUnciovnedruscitetdy of at Cambridge, the Industrial England, in conjunction w Hygiene Foundation concerning fibrous dust. stated that experimental productionthoe'sf easbboedsietsosc-olnitkaeinbeoddienso were produced in asbestos whatso ev.emrstbeurts.inTchleuddeudstaslumuisneudmtosilpirocdautcee, glass fiber, carborundum, man-made textile rials produced bodies in the fiber and injection elastin. sites of All of these the animals. foreign mate . The work by Dr. Davis at Cambridge confirms ther than atshebeesatrolsy cfainndpirnogdsuceof tDhre.asPbaeusltGorsoss at IHF, like or that numerous "ferruginous" substances o bodies in tissue. Tuhrebsaen fpionpduilnagtsiocnashtascaosnbseisdteorsablbeoddioeusbtinotnhetihre tlhuenogrsy. that a great segment of the Tahned eivnavleusattiigoantioofn otfisfsiuberoruesspmoantseeriwaillsl ibse cnoencteisnsuairnyg.in Eoxrtdeenrsitoveraenaicmhalanyexpfoisrumres conclusions. IBNRADKUESTLRTIINA-ILNRGHOYBGDEIURESTNTE-TS.TFOUPUD.NYDdAeTITORMEVOIFLLAEM,ERMI.CDA. CONTAC COORDINATOR - H. M, JACKSON S This study involves the pathogenicity of brake lining dust by animal injection creening tests. t * t ' t 'i *5 It ?; ']I t I ! CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000107 -34- . BRAKE LINING DUST STUDY (Cont'd) The long term anlmsl inhalation and injection research proposal submitted by the Industrial Hygiene Foundation is currently being reviewed by Dr. George Wright and the Institute "of Environmental and Occupational Health Scientific Advisory Committee. This review is being conducted to determine recommendations for the research design and implementation. Recommendations from the IEOH can be expected within the next two months. COALINCA FIBRE STUDY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA CONTACT - ROBERT T. P. de TREVILLE, M.D. COORDINATOR - H. M. JACKSON The purpose of this study is to compare the pathogenicity of Coalinga fibre with other chrysotile by animal injection screening tests. The animal tissue reaction to .the Coalinga asbestos fibre was approximately the same as that of the Canadian Chrysotile. From a disease producing and environmental control standpoint, Coalinga fibre should be regarded the same as our Canadian fibre. . , This study has been completed. The results are in accordance with the foregoing comments as reported in the August 1, 1967 report. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE CANADIAN GENERAL POPULATION INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTACT - GEORGE WRIGHT, M.D, AND J. C. COORDINATOR - K. V. L1NDELL HEALTH MAC DONALD, M.D. This study proposes to relate the health status of asbestos exposed population to the non-exposed population. Members of the Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health working committee will be meeting with the United States Public Health Service on November 1, 1967. The purpose of the meeting is to further the development of standard criteria for general chest x-ray interpretation and classification. I 8 B t ! I i I / CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000108 I -35- ESTABLISH LIBRARY -OF WORLD WIDE ASBESTOS RESEARCH AND HEALTH STUDIES . . INSTITUTE CONTACT - OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH GEORGE WRIGHT, M.D. AND P. V. PELNAR, M.D, COORDINATOR - K. V. LINDELL ' . Tahnidshperaoljtehctstuisdideessifgonredfuttuoreasrseemfbelreenicnefoarnmdatdiiosntriobnuwtoirolndu-pwoindereaqsubeesstt.os research I i 11 ' 3! f \ I Considerabisle bmeeidnigcaflor,wasrcdieedntitfoicDr.andPelontahrer fpruobmlitshheeJd-MinEfnovrimraotnimoenntcaolncHeeranlitnhg asbestos Committee. ' . I Dr. Pelnar attended the Industrial Hygiene foundation meeting on October 10-11, 1967. This is a continuing project and progress is being made. AUSNBIETSETDOSSTIANTDEUSSTPRUYBLSITCUDHYEALTH SERVICE CONTACT LEWIS J. CRALLEY, PhD COORDINATORS - H. M. JACKSON AND C, L. SHECKLER -- Tahsibsesitsosaan7d towo1r0keryseaerxpeonsveidrontmoeanstbaels.tcolsiniicnalt,heaUnndietpedideSmtiaotleosg.ical study , of v Field units of the United ille States Public Health Service conducted an environmental Plant Asbestos Textile Department. The asbestos re-survey of the Manv operations of other companiesdatwaeroenaltsyoperseo-fsurevxpeoyseudr.esThaned peurvpaolsueatoef ' textile periodic re-surveying is to compile various sampling, methods. Dr. Lewis Cralley of the U. October 5, 1957. S.He Pr.eqHu.esSt.edattceonodpeedraatnioAnsboefstAo.sT.TIe,xtmielmebeIrnsctoimtpuatneies -.meeting on tto proceed with the epideamndioltohgeiceaplideanmdioclloigniiccaall pphhaasseesofofthethisstusdtyudiys.antFiuclilpated ctooopbeerautnidoenrwwaaysbayssJuarneudary 1, 1967. The clinical phase will be started within one year. E'.H. Wells and C. L. Sheckler attended the A.T. I. meeting ami discussed further J-M participation with Dr. Cralley. ( CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000109 " ^RAKE LINING DUST STUDY 4ITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CONTACT - LEWIS J.CRALLEY, PhD. COORDINATOR - H. M. JACKSON -36- The purpose of this study ts to dctPrmlnc presence of asbestos fibre In dust from brake lining wear. There have been no formal reports made to date by the United States Public Health Service in reference to this study. No further laboratory work has been initiated. Dr. Lewis J. Cralley of the U.S.P.H.S. endorses "the Industrial Hygiene Foundation proposal now being considered by the Institute of Environmental, and Occupational Health Committee. It is anticipated that the U.S.P.H.S. will await further developments concerning the I.H.F. proposal. INSULATION WORKERS HEALTH STUDIES UNITED STATES DEPT. HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE CONTACT - I. J. SELIKOFF, M.D.; C. W. COOPER, M.D., AND COORDINATORS - H. M. JACKSON AND C. L. SHECKLER OTHERS "^hese are nation wide environmental, clinical, and epidemiological studies f insulation workers (Asbestos Workers). At a recent meeting between the National Insulation Manufacturers Association Health Committee and Dr. Irving Selikoff, which was attended by C. L. Sheckler, Dr. Selikoff indicated that questionnaires concerning work histories and chest X-rays of thousands of Heat, Frost, and Asbestos Workers have been assembled in his Mt. Siani Hospital laboratory for study and analysis. He again emphasized the statistical data regarding causual relationship between asbestos dust exposure, smoking and primary lung cancer. The Western Industrial Health Conference Asbestos Symposium was held on September 29, , Dr. Clark Cooper discussed studies of San Francisco Bay Area insulation workers conducted by him at the University of California. He has examined approximately 400 workers thus far. Of the total examined, he indicated 427, were noted to have asbestos bodies present in the lungs. Dr. Cooper expressed the opinion that the asbestos dust, threshold limit . standard of 5.0 million particles per cubic foot of air was not adequate and merely minimized, but did not eliminatetpulmonary diseases. ! ! I f h ( I / [ CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000110 -37- ANALYSIS OF URBAN AIR SAMPLES FOR ASBESTOS FIBRE DEPT. OF OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH WAYNE STATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE CONTACT - A. J. VORWALD, M.D. The purpose of this study Is to determine tissue reaction of animals from duat collected in the urban atmosphere. Dr. Vorwald has reported that numerous fibers, some of which may be asbestos, vere Identified in the dust contained in the urban air samples. An analysis of the lung tissues of exposed animals revealed no fiber and no tissue reactions. A meeting has been arranged on November 1, 1967, at the J-M Research Center for discussions with Dr. Vorwald*s staff and J-M personnel concerning techniques for the specific identification and quantification of the fibers in the urban air samples. AIR DUCT EROSION TESTS KETTERING LABORATORIES CONTACT - R. A. KEHOE, M.D. COORDINATOR - R. E. NAYLOR The purpose of this study is to investigate erosion effects of air flow through fibre glass ducts. The tests were conducted at the Owens-Corning Research Center under the direction of Kettering Laboratories. Approximately 32 ests were conducted with duct liner and duct system materials. Examination of the samples indicated only 1 fiber found during the duct liner tests. This is believed to have come from a cut joint. No fibers were found during the duct system materials tests. t This study has been completed and a final report from Kettering Laboratory is due. FIBROUS GLASS AND MINERAL WOOL INDUSTRY STUDY UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CONTACT - LEWIS J. CRALLEY, PhD. COORDINATORS - H.M. JACKSON AND C. L. SHECKLER This is a 7 to 10 year environmental, clinical, and epidemiological study of fibrous glass and mineral wool to determine effect of workers exposed to these I materials in United States. l CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000111 j FIBROUS GLASS AND MINERAL WOOL INDUSTRY STUDY (Cont'd) -38- V General Information regarding availability of personnel records,, numbers of " employees, etc., was forwarded to Dr. Cralley for each J-M Fiber Glass Plant. Similar data will be forwarded for plants producing mineral wool products. COOPERATIVE ASBESTOS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROJECT WITH DR. SELIKOFF'S CROUP AT MI. SINAI HOSPITAL, N.Y.C. CONTACT - IRVING J. SELIKOFF, M.D. COORDINATOR - F. L. PUNDSACK The objective of this project is to furnish characterized asbestos samples in prescribed particle size ranges for use in Dr. Selikoff's clinical studies. In addition, our objective is to furnish separated components of milled asbestos (such as the magnetic and non-magnetic rock fractions) for clinical studies. J-M has also agreed to furnish asbestos fiber treated with various agents which it is believed may modify the biological behavior of the fiber. Four meetings have been held with Dr. Selikoff and his group. The most recent meeting was September 26, and the next meeting will be January 10, 1968. J-M has furnished Dr. Selikoff with over one-half dozen samples of asbestos treated in various ways to affect the surface chemistry of the fibers. The purpose of these treatments is to see if the biological behavior of the fiber can be altered. These treatments include heat treatment and treatment with chemical agents such as acetic acid, oleic acid, gelatine, and organo-silane compounds. Dr. Selikoff and his group will evaluate the fibers with physical adsorption tests and select the most promising treated fibers for further biological studies with animals. In addition to th.e treated asbestos samples, J-M has furnished Dr. Selikoff respirable size" fractions of "pure" Jeffrey asbestos fiber, non-magnetic, non- ferrous serpentine rock, and magnetic rock. It is Dr. Selikoff's intention to use this type samples in animal studies. . EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF J-M UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGn SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH* CONTACT - PHILLIP EN'TERLINE, COORDINATOR - H. M. JACKSON RETIRED PhD. EMPLOYEES This is an epidemiological study to determine and analyze the life span, causes of death and possible causal relationship to work exposures of J-M retired employees. Comparisons will be made between this group and similar age groups in Che general population. i CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000112 i -39- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF J-M RETIRED EMPLOYEES (Cont'd) Enterline is currently reviewing samples of the data available and will submit a proposal for the complete study within the next few weeks. Extensive employment and retirement data have been obtained from J-M plant, mine, and sales locations and are being prepared for Dr. Enterline.'s study. Social Security records are being obtained for approximately 200 retired employees to supplement the data from several locations. : r il i :[ | MEETINGS, CONFERENCES, AND GENERAL INFORMATION PERTINENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES ( The comparison and correlation of information concerning British and J-M . Asbestos Textile Industrial Hygiene information is continuing. Dr. S. Holmes has provided us with a sample of a sealed container used to transport fiber in the British Textile operations^ Also, additional dust sampling data have been exchanged. J-M Health TaesHkeFaolrtcheTamseketFionrgcsewewraes bhreiledfeodn Aoungutshte l1a5taensdt Odcetvoebleorpm1en7t.s Ocnoncbeortnhing , occasions th e asbestos health problems, adverse publicity, scientific and medical developments, tigation, legislation, etc. Specific programs were presented and initiated - "to handle these problems. Dr. J. Le Poutre, Eternit S.A., Belgium, visited the Manville Plants on September 1, 1967. The visit included a plant tour and discussion of asbestos health problems with C. L. Sheckler and Dr. E. I. Merrill. Hill and Knowlton representatives, our public relation consultants, met with J-M Public Relations, Research and Environmental Control personnel at the Research Center on September 11, 1967. The purpose of the meeting was to brief Hill and Knowlton on the health problems concerning asbestos and demonstrate its use by touring the Research Center and Manville Pipe Plant. A review of the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association Industrial Hygiene services and correlation of I. H. survey information was discussed by C. L. Sheckler and W. Bonneville at a meeting in Thetford Mines, Quebec, Canada, on September 20, 1967. . " Plans were initiated for an exchange of data regarding dust counting and noise evaluation procedures. Dr. Jean Avril, Medical Director of Ferrodo, France, visited the Research Center and Manville Plants on September 25, 1967. E. M. Fenner and W. C. Streib guided Dr. Avril on a tour of the operations and along with Dr. E. 1. Merrill, discussed asbestos health and environmental control problems. r- -y CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000113 TV* / V MEETINGS, CONFERENCES, AND GENERAL INFORMATION PERTINENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES (Cont'd) -40- An Asbestos Textile Institute Meeting was held on October 5-6, 1967. The Air Hygiene Committee devoted the entire meeting to a discussion of the asbestos health problems confronting the Industry. Dr.Lewis Cralley, United States Public Health Service briefed the committee on the status and plans regarding their Asbestos Industry Study. The A.T.I, approved the purchase of an electronic dust counter to be used by member companies. This equipment will afford an opportunity for exchange of consistent data regarding dust concentrations. E.H. Wells and C. L. Sheckler attended and discussed the health program in detail with Dr. Cralley and A. T. I. representatives. The National Insulation Manufactures Association Health Information Program is progressing on schedule. A meeting of the Associated Asbestos Contractors of the South Eastern states was held on October 9, 1967. C. L. Sheckler and the NIMA group presented their health and safety program. The response was ex ceptionally good. Work is continuing on programing for next year's presentations. A meeting was held with Dr. I. J. Selikoff to discuss his reviews on the H.F.I.A.W. medical program. Also, work is progressing on preparation of recommended codes of practice for handling insulation materials including asbestos, fiberous glass and mineral wool. A meeting of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America was held on October 10,1967. The program included considerable discussion concerning air and water pollution also solid waste disposal. An excellent presentation was made by F. J. Solon entitled "Communicating the Effectiveness of Industry's Hazard and Pollution Controls-Whose Job?". The program included speakers from Eastman Kodak, OwensCorning Fiberglas, U. S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, and the American Cancer Society. An Asbestos-Cement Building Products Industry Health and Safety Committee has been created. This committee will include representatives of Certain- Teed, Ruberoid, Flintkote and Johns-Manville. C. L. Sheckler has arranged a meeting for November 9, 1967 to initiate work on recommended codes of practice for handling asbestos-cement building products. During this reporting period. Environmental Control Department personnel visited Waukegan, Chicago, Joliet, Rockdale, Nashua, Billerica, Tilton, Lawrence, Jeffrey, Asbestos, Cleveland, Marrero, Natchez, Green Cove, Savannah, New Orleans Marshville, and Laurinburg Plants. These visits included tours of the operations, evaluations of housekeeping, dust, noise, fume and general industrial hygiene control,- air and water effluent and waste disposal. In addition, the management of each plant was briefed on the purpose, objectives, and operation of the Environmental Control function. CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000114 Appendix w vv ~ Environmental Control Department 'Research & Engineering Center, . January 2 , 1968 COITFIDENTIAL W, P. Raines - GHQ Water Contatfilnatlon Studies The water contamination studies planned by the Research Center are in three groups. In the first two the samples collected will be checked as follows; (1) Filtration tests, and microscopic examination of the particulate matter to detect asbestos, if present. (2) Water hardness. (3) Water pH. (4) Iron content of the water. The Group I program involves tests of water from Bound Brook, N. J., "an all cast-iron pipe town" and Manville, N, J> "an all asbestoscement pipe town". The sampling and testing program will begin immediately after the first of the year. Samples will be taken weekly from each town. The program will continue until definitive results are obtained. The Group 11 test program involves water samples from the following cities: Globe, Arizona San Diego, California Long Beach, California Providence, Rhode Island Wichita, Kansas Memphis (Capleville District), Tennessee. Two samples will be taken from each city, The first sample will be the source water before it has passed through asbestos-cement pipe and the second will be water after it has passed through the pipe. Samples from Globe, San Diego, and Long Beach have been received and the others are due soon. / CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000115 vsM :i Sbs* CONFIDENTIAL W. P. Raines - GHQ -2- , ; January 2, 1968 The Group III tests will be made on a new pipe test loop stand under construction at the Research and Engineering Center. This test stand will permit controlled studies of the erosion or disintegration of asbestos-cement pipe by water of different pH and hardness values. The system utilizes a 30-ft test run of asbestos-cement pipe and is equipped with fairly sophisticated control equipment. The water run through the test will be filtered and examined for asbestos fiber content. The water, which will not be recirculated, will be continuously and automatically adjusted to the proper pH and hardness values. This system is scheduled to be in operation in April 1968. The first long-term test is planned with very severe water conditions insofar as asbestos-cement pipe is concerned - low pH and low hardness. EMF/ems cc: F, L. Pundsack J. H. Swensen Fcile / E. M.'^Fenner CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000116 - J-Ii Policy ri.'i !DicuBTd j\k fh Dlvinion rsnpgorn* Awgufffc 39,, JLtUil Vrt tmv'r, '?p?rrto clof-n min-iR, Pitila, rr A plivnl n v.iifch t"; rn.d phyt 7.11.7 nojC(j opwrntioK.-n, 2 > V:i rau^S; >ps>r*it0 afc iBp*(Sfl n<3 eoa!l4 U?^ .$ 1X. y* rn cul'f n. Tor aoma cpfirat tone thin my dir^c mmtru r,hy rflll i6G?sf!pt t h i s in vi"1.# nf til ". lr.%'oX~Jo.* K b 9 Sivril.TonaDfcRl Contnrol S^-ndnnl Prcti will b-s nil -CT-Jl locailonn. In^t ufcranc: ' j,n 4. rr^h iZ-.tj r, will,, n<3 plnn^: will dniigf) *?:<it, $ TX writir?^jobs' feht rRqwir rpi':ial nafety end po^nonal p.w ' ^quip*T\f5nt. JEvpiry person ,??oin ijrtjs^.den'c, feo janitor m*'' rqwijpmeu'ifc v.-h<nn 5n d^^ignr^f^d Bv^md, % '.r th#.P 'f. fsaciflO ":M1 f^jr ffieb-watwi m^d otheir toxic d-vnti? r#i 1? f.r? fo7.1or:-rf5?i ''tTon"C'?'' X1 ^Kteffanfloua inislwt'Uijq vi.<:lbl<" ain b"il<rw Hhf tbs<sah9.'ld Ijdraitre, P.\ f|r./-n^5il.n eqwipxurnt An wnd.itinn off It raw'?t. 1; Fw ^^iRfe^niRR, a hole An tho ffiisoin-j of a Inick^t ol. j'9k bo fcolfltmfejdc mncfe b no dvinf'- or J:ibrf-> f^oti fr;fea prciofflc ' dovn will ring C. All Ixiildingfi, BtTwcturofs, eJ'.R,,, mid rail oquf.^rooii froff dwntea Unafe will cnwin<n ntr.-o^phr on 11 b? jnt'-'irai" J?. 5?.liwiinia,t<n fehs upfs of Jwroeajsi, brunh'-a^, ffln'l h 'and KI. M?,ihE%ic;l ^qwipwitnt nd vncuuci jrlaan^ffB, iis ir.c Cioticgr-mont SttpcwrTAwioa rmat h* In^ort;<"i/7iatad * "i *-.vo a t;feit.Mid'3 fcqrifnjcd dasfc ^.nfc-'oX an-S h^w'^hr W-s.'nfc^l^iiner a l<s^.n cj>o!?a^ion is j'W.elly rw i apc* i JC jwro^u#?teAon Sp<^vi^on wnat iiunt^sst WO.T}?>?'. rv wc ini.oiidl feo opaiffiafe clenn loft4oj>B nnd in^ioift 'that h$ d-oaf>. fib?: end ^oxi'! wakftTial b.nga mwmt J> sesal. p'rrJfor'aaAnj thii' cleanup JCxmction Vf59.r npproV'' nnd alovif. ^-cn ^ p i ^fttOTS CRMC-Asb&Health-BODMin-000117