Document NMkx6OvQemara78zEOmZBJJb

|Aizoei? / !. Aroclor it Mdqsanto's brand' name Tor a series of 3 capacitor impregnants composed of chlorinated diphenyl. The } grades are: . . ' - Aroclor 1242 -. (Commercially known aa trlchlorodiphenyl) This grade now predominates and is used exclusively in many countries. It is the most economically attractive grade and is essential for capacitors installed outside in colder climates. Aroclor has been used in impregnated paper capaci tors since^ts iiilrdducifdhliifo the'industry. In more recent years its use has been extended to capacitors in which polypropylene film forms part of the dielectric. Although most of the Aroclor impregnated capaci tors operate at power frequency, some are used-- with water cooling--at high frequencies, and some-- with suitable additives--in d.c. circuits. Aroclor 1248 (Commercially known as tetrachlorodlphenyl) This grade continues to be' used to a small extent, although it is less economic than Aroclor 1242. Aroclor 12S4 Advantages of Aroclor 1. Capacitors having the least volume and mass per unit of reactive power can be built. 2. Raw materials costs can be reduced because of this higher efficiency. (Commercially known as pantachlorodiphenyl) Although this grade was the first to be used in the capacitor industry, it has now been almost entirely superseded by Aroclor 1242. These 3 grades of Aroclor are classified as `capacitor askarels'. The term `aakarel' is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as `a generic term for a group of nonflammable chlorinated hydrocarbons used as elr 3. ' Labour costs can be reduced because smaller windings are required and plant throughput is increased. 4. Overload security is provided by uniform permittivity of impregnant and paper. 5. Long lasting capacitors result from high stability and resistance to oxidation. 6. Reduced fire hazard. Aroclor was first used in (he U.SjA. in 1931 and is now extensively used by^the capacitor indji throughout the world. Monsanto has Bien producing Aroclor at its Newport (U.K.) plant since 19S1. Monsanto MONS 079113 Specified Propertiee of Aroclor property TEST METHOD UNIT AROCLOR 1242 AROCLOR 1248 AROCLOR 1254 Appearance Colour Density ASTM 01702 ASTM D1702 ASTM D1810 end ISO/R649 Rtfractlvo Indox at 20*C Kinematic Vlacoaity ASTM 01807 ASTM D445 Flash point Fire point Pour point Neutralization Number Inorganic Chlorides Hydrolyzable ASTM D92 ASTM D92 ASTM D97 Monsanto ASTM D1821 ASTM D2441 Water Content ASTM D1533 Resistivity at 100 C, Monsanto 600V after 1 minute ' Dissipation Factor at Monsanto 100'C, 60 Hz Relative Permittivity Monsanto et100*C,50Hz -- APHA g/cm1 -- cSt "C c c mg KOH/g ppm Cl ppm Cl ppm Tncm % -- Clear liquid free from suspended matter or sediment. GO max. 60 max. 60 max. 1.380 to 1.390 at 20C 1.450 to 1.470 at 20 C 1.4701O 1.490 at 90'C 1.6250 to 1.6270 1.6305 to 1.6325 1.6380 to 1.6400 861071 at20C 3.4 to 4.5 at90"C 7to10 at90*C 170 min. 190 min. None to BP Nona to BP None to BP None to BP -18 max. -6 max. +12max. 0.01 max. 0.01 max. 0.01 max. 0.0S max. 1.0 max. 0.05 max. 1.0 max. 0.05 max. 1.0 max. 30 max. 2* min. 30 max. 2 min. 30 max. 2 min. 2* max. 2 max. 2 max. 4.7 to 4.9 4.5 to 4.8 4.16 to 4.35 The value given In the table applies to bulk deliveries. For deWveriee over lore distances in drums ths dissipation factor is increased to 4%, maximum, and ths resistivity dacraasad to 1 Tncm. minimum. 2 MONS 079114 Non-specifiad Properties of Aroclor (Typical valuta art given for information only) PROPERTY UNIT AROCLOR 1242 AROCLOR 1240 AROCLOR 1254 Maan coefflciant of expansion over temperature range 20 to 90 *C* Mean specific heat capacity over tamparatura range 20 to 90 *C Thermal conductivity at 2B C at 81 *C Vapour Pressure at 90 'C Surface tenaion at 20 *C at25*C 10-VC J/g*c W/m'C 10-*torr dyne/cm 6.8 1.269 0.1005 0.0979 10 45.3 -- 6.8 1.190 0.0988 0.0967 4 44.2 -- . tn(pi/pa) *Cateulatad from tha formua S--------------- 2-01 whara pi - danatty at tamparatura 0i pa-- danaHy at tamparatura02 6.8 1.128 0.0959 0.0925 1.4 __ 48.4 Handling Precautions Aroclor drum! and contiineri carry the following label which giver general instruction! for handling: IMPORTANT CHLORODIPHENYLS (42%-64%) (or 80%) (PCB) This product contains POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB'a) which soma studios have shown may be persistant, an environmental contaminant and, poasibly, injurious to certain forms of bird, aquatic and animal life. ' PREVENT ANY ENTRY INTO THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH SPILLS. LEAKAGE, DISPOSAL. VAPOURISATION. RE-USE OF CONTAINERS OR OTHERWISE. SPILLS. LEAKAGES ANO WASTE PRODUCT MUST BE COLLECTED. Use of this product must be restricted to applications which can be controlled so that entry into tha environment does not occur and to applications in which it cannot coma into contact with food, animal lasdstuffs or pharmaceuticals. HARMFUL SUBSTANCE IF TAKEN INTERNALLY OR IF IN PROLONGED CONTACT WITH THE SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION OF SKIN AND EYES. DURING SHIPMENT AVOID SPILLS AND LEAKAGE INTO INLAND WATERWAYS AND THE SEA. Store away from food, animal foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals. Keep oontalnar tightly doted. Do not aat or smoke whan using. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or fumes. Do not wear contaminated clothing. Wash product from akin with soap and water. Wash ayes by flushing with water. 3 HGNS 079115 In addition to the foregoing we can add that: 1. Animal toxicity tests (small mammals) indicate that cute oral toxicity is low but that acute dermal toxicity may be moderate. 2. When handling the fluid minimise contact with the skin and wash any off* with soap and water. People with sensitive skins should war gloves resistant to chlorinated solvents or apply a silicone hand cream. 3. Should Arocior accidentally splash or be rubbed into the eyes, they should be rinsed thoroughly with water for a few minutes. It is suggested that all operators be provided with safety glasses as Arocior will cause paiii if it gets into the eyes. | 4. Elementary rules of hygiene should be applied--such as not smoking, eating or drinking during handling anil contaminated clothing should be discarded. I Arocior should be disposed ofby special high temperature Incineration at 1000* C minimum with a residence time of 1.5 seconds or longer or alternatively by a method conforming to local regulations. Care must be exercised during such disposal and the ultimate use of Arocior to avoid pollution, particularly of sewers and waterways. ______ fiemformation contained in this publication is, to our best knowledge, accurate; but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the con ditions of use are beyond our control. Monsanto Company, its subsidiaries, associates and affiliates disclaim any liability for loss or damage incurred in connection with the use of the following material. Moreover, nothing contained herein is to be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with any patent. 5. Arocior should be handled at ambient temperatures iii well ventilated areas. If an Aroclor-filled capacitor is to be opened, it should be allowed to cool down to room temperature before opening it. If hot Arocior has to be handled, a respirator with an active carbon canister should be worn. Empty drums should not be re-used for anything except scrap Arocior. Unwanted empty drums should be dis posed of by a specialised waste disposal contractor familiar with PCB's who will crush the drums and bury them on an approved toxic dump in accordance with local regulations. Handling of Arocior in bulk will minimise the problems associated with handling of drums. Waste The information, recommendations and suggestions made herein are offered in the light of prevailing legislation and on the basis of present scientific informipfon (1972) available to Monsanto. ! Monsanto Chemicals Limited 10-18 Victoria Street London SW1H ONQ [Telephone: 01-222 5678 Telex: 916093 Monsanto Europe S.A. j Place Madou, 1 j B-1030, Brussels, Belgium Telephone: (02) 19.11.0) ; Telex: 22110/21986 I Araetar h t TtaAa Mwkl (3/73)1 4 MOMS 029116 '<AKOGQOI 1242 El It is weO knowa that the working life of ax. paper The concentration of the additive wfll be slightly capacitors impregnated with askareli oan be extended reduced by a batch treatment process with Fullers' by the addition to the aakanl of small amounts of earth or other adsorbent. In order to allow for this suitable epoxy compounds, known as `scavengers'. reduction, the initial concentration of the additive This effect is especially beneficial in the case of has been set at a slightly higher level than would capacitors operating under arduous service condi otherwise be necessary. In this way, after a batch tions, such as those subjected to frequent surges. treatment with an adsorbent of normal activity at a concentration up to about 1% by weight, the final However, some epoxy compounds have been found concentration of the additive will be sufficient to give to be very difficult to control under the practical protection to the capacitors. conditions obtained in existing capacitor impregna tion plants. If the impregnant is purified by percolation through Arodor 1242 HI consists of electrical quality Arodor 1242 to which a specially purified epoxy compound has been added at just above the concentration at which it will be used. This product has been developed to provide convenient processing in the capacitor impregnation plant as well as sufficient activity to give an effective scavenging action in the a refining column the additive will be initially heavily depleted by the adsorbent. However, the adsorbent later becomes `saturated' with the additive whilst continuing to remove ionic impurities from the impregnant The volume of impregnant required to saturate the adsorbent depends upon its mass and acUvity. finished capacitor. ' The properties of Aroclor 1242 El (see Table 1) are The vapour pressure of the additive itself is very much lower than that of Arodor 1242 so that the concentration of the additive will not be reduced the tame as those of Aroclor 1242 except for the following: Scavenger Content: equivalent to 1.9 to 2.1 mg HCt/g during the degassing stage of the process when this is Dissipation Factor (tan S) at 100C, 50 Hz: <3% carried out over the usual ranges of temperature and Resistivity at 100'C, 500V. 1 min.: pressure. > 1 To cm. Monsanto MONS 079UI Table 1 Arodor 1242 El. Tontativo Data PttOPEHTY Appearance TEST METHOD ASTM D 1702 UNITS _ Colour ASTM D 1702 Density at 20 *C Refractive Index at 20 C ASTM D 1810 b ISO/R 649 ASTM D 1807 Kinematic Viacoeity at 20'C ASTM D 448 Flash Point ASTM D 92 Fire Point ASTM D 92 Pour Point ASTM D 97 APHA g/cm* -- cSt c c 'C VALUE cloar liquid free from suspended matter and sediment. 60 max. 1,3810 1,39 1.6250 to 1.6270 66 to 71 153 min. none to boiling point. --18 max. Neutralization No. inorganic Chloridas Water Content Hydrolyxable Chlorides Scavenger Content Monsanto ASTM 0 1821 ISO/R 760 ASTM D 2441 Monsanto (Appendix 1) mg KOH/g ppm ppm PP*n mg HCL/g 0.01 max. 0.05 max. 30 max. 1.0 max. 1.9 to 2.1 Votuma Rtsiativity at 100*C, 600V. 1 min. Monsanto Dleeipetion Factor (tan 8) at 100"C. 50 Hx Monsanto Relative Permittivity at 100'C. 60 Hx Monsanto To cm % --" > 1 min. < 3 max. 4.7 to 4.9 A suitable method for ettimatini the rexvenger content ii given in Appendix i. It hea ometimee been found difficult to deen the dielectric test cells that are used to measure the dissipationhetor and resistivity of epoxitfocontaining asicarelx. We have found that it is helpful first to standardise the cell with pure Arodor 1242 whose dissipetion fhetor is already known. If this measurement is satisfactory, the cell is then rinsed twice with Arodor 1242 El and the measurement proceeds in the usual way. This product should be treated from the toxicity and safety aspects in the same way at Arodor 1242 (see Appendix 2). For further information eontact Monsanto at 10-lt Victoria Street, London SW1H ONQ, Telephone 222 5671 or at Place Madou 1,1030 Brussels, Telephone 19.11.01. 2 MOMS 079118 Appendix 1 Tm( Method for iht*milniii( th* quantity of hydrogan chiorida oavanging addltiwa in Aroclor 1. Hrinolplu (. Additional Notes (a) The titrant is very stable and does not require frequent rettandardization. (b) No blank correction should be required if good quality reagents are used. Tbs mathod Involves titrating the oxirane oxygen in glacial acetic add with a atandard perchloric acid tolulion to a cryatal violet end-point. The titration it carried out in an exceu of quaternary ammonium bromide, which, on contact with perchloric add, product! hydro gen bromide. The hydrogen bromide, in turn, reacts with the oxirane oxygen. I Raagonta (a) Glacial acetic acid (b) Chloroform (c) Perchloric acid solution--0.1 N in glacial acetic acid (standardise ageintt potassium hydrogen phthalate). (d) Crystal violet--1 % solution in glaciai acetic acid. (e) Tetraethyl ammonium bromide solution--dissolve 100 g in 400 cm* of glacial acetic add. 1. Apparatus Appendix 2 Toxicity and Safa Handling 1. Avoid skin contact. Protect the hands, preferably by oil-resistant gloves. 2. If skin contact should occur, wash off with soap and .water. 3. If hot Aroclor must be handled in a closed or confined area provide exhaust ventilation or wear ao approved respirator. 4. If Aroclor gets in the eyes, flush with large amounts of water. In the event that irritation persists refer the patient to a Physician. 5. Exposure to vapours or mists should be avoided. (a) 10 cm* burette (b) Usual laboratory glassware If these precautions are neglected acne may develop and excessive exposure may cause liver damage. (a) Weigh 2.5 to 3.0 of the aikirei to the nearest 0.05 g into a 125 cm1 Erlenmeyer flask. (b) Add 10 cm* of chloroform, 40 cm* of glacial acetic add and ) 0 cm* of the tetraethyl ammonium bromide solution and swirl to dissolve. (c) Add I drop of crystal violet indicator and titrate with 0.1 N perchloric add to the greatest colour range (violet to green-blue). Caution Aroclor is composed of polychlorinated biphenyls, which some studies hsve shown may be an environmental contaminant. Extreme care should be taken to prevent eny entry into the environment through spills, leakage, use, disposal, vaporization or otherwise. Tl WowwHon In tfdi SgHWIn Swam to--t toowlgdjg taw ant --cm-- tow g> 36.3xTxN Hydrogen chloride equivalence (mg/g)=< ' W where T^tlCre of perchloric add (cm1) N--normality of perchloric add W--weight of sample (g) Sta----wdMa--q< v^cfctocy--4 Wcti eowMui IA--w-- Co--p--Y w4Hc WMgni PSf MMy Im ml u* qiWI RPI |H Of HH9 M-- qr neUw. Mrhcfm-- wo HgtttiHy --p--e m-- p< --y p--gq P aMgfSMws fMh Sims Smo w waaortora (nMnass M*rpalMk pusmm* er mmimm cmmp* sa Afpcta U Iteflfi--7pc Mwk Qfm - 3 HONS 07911*