Document NGx145247JMa1XBeBQ8jKnLaE

Jjprt* J !' Industrial Hygiene Digest S.iteiatuie Gbsfaacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends tfndustlial Health 71ews issued Monthly By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. % PLAINTIFF'S 2 EXHIBIT < PLAINTIFF'S 2 EXHIBIT Igv-ftoOKQ 11 ovsvi-cm < FACTS AffOH Mav. 1943 Some Facts and Figures on Absenteeism An OWI survey finds that "plants without systematic plans for reducing the ^ pauses of absenteeism have nearly twice the rate of job absences as those which have -such programs." As the Foundation has insisted for years (before absenteeism was a headline) the first step in reducing lost time is to keep adequate records -- audit your absences. Another important fact-finding measure is the plant hygiene survey. It is no more possible to maintain healthfhl working conditions without a periodic t survey* than it is to maintain the quality of a product without periodic inspections. , To combat sick absenteeism, get the facts on absences, through proper records, and on healthful working conditions through plant hygiene surveys. Otherwise, systematic ` procedure is ignored in favor of hit-or-miss methods. Speaking of figures, one member.^ company reports the following experience for a group of 400 workers for the first half?t/v* of April: 273 workdays lost from all causes -- 190 from sickness and non-industrial injuries, 68 from personal causes, and 15 days from injuries. Guard Against Increase in Tuberculosis > Tuberculosis rates tend to rise in wartime. The alert Medical Department of Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., has been directing a health education Campaign among its employees stressing TB prevention. Meanwhile, the Public Health A. Service has made X-ray examinations of neafly a quarter of a million persons for v tuberculosis, including more than 160,000 workers in war industries. Results show "Slightly more than one in evory 100 persons exemined have significant tubercdloeisv Red Cross Comment Commenting on the Foundation's report, "What About Blood Banks Workers?" which was sent to Members recently, an official of the Blood Donor Bervib* of the American Red Cross writes: "...Again, may 1 express my own appreciations*^, that of the entire Service for the great help you have been to us in accxnulatl^H^rl., this data for your Member companies. Thoughtful support such as this is gping to 40J much to insure the success of what I think we all agree is a worthwhile projeet**c| Annual Meeting Notes "...A war contractor was much surprised to learn that his 25 per cent 1* turnover was largely due to the uncontrolled fumes of a poisonous solvent"....*!! been our feeling that if we can satisfactorily control the use of materials laths'; plant, and then prove that control is satisfactory by periodic physical examinations! we will not have cases of occupational disoaso develop. It has proved to be such* the years."...."All too freguently, the first knowlodge the medical or safety d4 meat has of a new process, machine or material is when it is in operation. Forothcfa will prevent dangerous exposure. The cost is higher for placing makeshift safegua$$| or exhaust equipment on a machine after it is in use." W. . Hew Book: Essentials of Industrial Health, by Dr. C.O. Sappington, an o; ng work, has just been published by J* B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia. ' ;% . . - - - Keep War Workers Well - - - m ^ ' r" :________ ' ____________ ____ :____________________ :_________________ iVi T HVOrCNK FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVINUK 1943. Industrial Hygiene Foundation 44-00 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News News Items 404 Color in Industry. "The best and newest way to promote good housekeeping," according to R.A, Massey, Du Pont color expert, "is by a new scientifically developed 'use of bright paint colors on all industrial interior surfaces, including even floors and machines." The national production scene was described as going technicolor in this man ner with remarkable results. The up-to-date trend is row upon row of machine tools painted in carnival colors with here and there touches of brilliant red to emphasize danger points. Many factory interiors already display the new scientific color system. They include government arsenals, naval shore stations and major war plants. Worked out in a three-year Du Pont research program to improve seeing conditions in industry, the most favored color scheme for machin ery has proved to be light gray and light buff. Floors often are painted white, stippled with brown, while walls are finished in two high light-reflecting colors. 405 Special Warning Bulletin -- Epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis. A statement has been prepared jointly by the United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland and the Committee on Industrial Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, Illinois, for distribution to all physicians. 406 Absent Treatment. Two ingenious methods of combatting the growing absentee problem have been de vised by the New Britain (Connecticut) Machine Company and the Bell Aircraft Company, Buffalo, N. Y. The former awards a weekly "Hitler Plaque" inscribed with a swastika, to the department with the poorest record. The latter desig nates w'orkers absent without permission as "AV.'OL," and replaces their time cards with "AWOL" cards. The foreman's approval is required before regular cards may be restored. -- Forbes Mag., 51_, (March, 1943). 407 Wartime Vacations. A statement by Chairman Donald M. Nelson of the War Production Board on the sub ject of vacations says in part: "I believe that the granting of vacations to industrial workers this year will be helpful to war production. Experience has shown that the volume of production is increased if the workers can restore their energies through periods of physical and mental rest, change and relaxation. After a brief vacation a worker should be in bettor shape to contribute to the Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2 increased effort which our war program makes necessary. But it must be realized that our war production goals this year are nearly twice the size of last year's. Wartime vacations must be planned so as to avoid interruption of working sched ules. Management and labor can and should plan the release of workers for vaca tions by 'working ahead in some departments, by arranging for staggered vaction schedules, by training substitutes and, where necessary, by working additional overtime." Book Reviews 408 Occupational Tumors and Allied Diseases. VI.C. Hueper. Charles C. Thomas, 220 Monroe St., Springfield, iTll 58.00. 896 pp. (1942). This book colatos in detail the subject of tumors and their relation to occupa tion. The material is presented from the view of tumor location with eight organ systems rocoiving the major consideration. The fourteen chapters cover: Concept and significance of occupational tumors, tumors of the skin and its appendages, the alimentary system tumors, cancers of the respiratory system, urogenous organ malignant growths, hyperplastic and neoplastic diseases of the blood forming organs, mesenchymatous tumors, tumors of the eye and its adnexac, the nervous system tumors, endocrine glandular malignant growths, sex organ tumors, special aspects of occupational tumors, the relation of occupational neoplasia to theories of cancerigenesis, and medicolegal and public health as pects. The attention given to the extensive literature has been thorough and excellent bibliographies are provided for each section. Occupational tuners have received more attention in the foreign literature than in American. This work vail be a valuable reference book for industrial physicians. t \ Legal Developments 409 Occupational Diseases. Pneumoconiosis Contracted by Employment in Gypsum Mine. As Creating Liability Within Statute and Not Negligence. Statute of Limitations. The defendant appeals from a judgment in an action to recover for injuries suf fered by the plaintiff while in its employ. _ Plaintiff had worked in the dofondant's gypsum mine, for sixteen years, as a "loader" or "driller." The drifts and headings where he worked were constantly filled with clouds of dust caused by the pulverization of rock by drills and other machinery; and being forced to breathe such atmospheres, he suffered a disease of the lungs, known as pneumoconiosis, which was the injury for which he sued. The defendant had set up a large fan at the mouth of the mine, designed to blow the dust out of the galleries and headings, but according to the testimony of the plaintiff's wit nesses, it did not do so. The action was brought five years after the plain tiff left the defendant's employment. The New York Practice Act makes three years the period of limitation for "an action to recover damages for * * * a personal injury, resulting from negligence"; and sub. 2 of Sec. 48 makes six yoars the period for "an action to recover upon a liability created by statute, Industrial Hygiena Digest (Ind. Hygiene Foundation) (Initial 4 Forward) C-. Lyle-Sailet-tT-M^- Ut*(LnL*^v Cy 2. C. parties v i J,. Hi INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 ITJTH A7XKUI rnTHUKOH. tJL Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 Methods of Detection and Determination 150 Electron Microscopy on Asbestos Dust and, on Lungs in Asbestosis. 1. Kuehn. Arch.f.Gewerbepath., 10_, 473 (April 1G, 1942)7 (Germanic The author reports some microscopic studies of asbestos and of lungs of asbectosis victims for the purpose of determining what variety of asbestos is respons ible for asbestosis. Serpentine (chrystolite) asbestos is the form generally used, and it was supposed that it would be found in lungs with asbestosis. Sundius and Bygden disclosed, however, that only hornblende asbestosis is demon strable in the lungs, suggesting that serpentine dust is decomposed in the tis sues. The author used the electron microscope to study the form, size and structure of asbestos, both in free dust and as found in the lungs. It is usual ly easy to distinguish the two forms under the electron microscope, the serpen tine variety being generally curved, clear and transparent, and hornblende rigid and greater in diameter. However, examination of the particles from 3 lungs did not indicate clearly what variety was present. The phctomicroscopic determina tion of the refraction exponent, suggested by Sundius and Bygden, was then em ployed. That method revealed that the large asbestos needles isolated from the lungs were of the hornblende type. It is concluded that serpentine asbestos is decomposed in the lungs and is the essential cause of fibrosis. V.'hen asbestosis lungs are macerated with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxi^e> both free asbestos needles and asbestosis bodies arc obtained. Hornblende asbestos shews no signs of decomposition by the organism, either in the free needles or on the asbesto sis bodies. 481 Folarigraphic Determination of Lead in Bones. E. V.einig. Z.Physiol. Chem., 275, 158-162 (1942). (German). The polarigraphic method, which is fully described, has the advantages of use of smaller amounts of material, simpler preliminary treatment of the bone ash, and the automatic action of the polarigraph. 482 Biochemistry of Silicic Acid. IX. Isolation and Identification of Minerals in Lung Residues and Air-Borne Dusts from Coal Mines. G. Nagelschnidt and E.J. King. Biochem. J., 35, 152-158 (1941). The isolation of mineral residues from lungs by digestion with hydrogen peroxide, and removal of carbon from these residues and from air-borne dusts by heating to 380C are described. The minerals in the residues arc then identified by x-ray diffraction methods. Data are presented for the constituents present in a lung residue and a mine dust; the main components are quartz and a member of each of the mica and kaolin groups. 483 A New Method for the Determination of Free Silica in Industrial Dusts. A. Salazar and L. Silverman. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox., 25, 139-148 (April, 1943). The authors describe a new method for free silica determination, in which the dust sample is first passed directly through a controlled flame, fusing practi cally all particles except those of silica. The fused sample is then collected by an electrostatic precipitator and removed to a microscope slide for analysis. The method can be applied to air-borne or rafter dust samples. The amount of free silica is determined by a direct count of the fused and unfused particles. Possible interfering materials are refractories and those which decrepitate at high temperatures. These interferences are not very common and when present may Vol. 5. FOUNDATION FACTS Mav. 1943 Fel ii | ninttily wi.lttlf iiauid * iMiutrikl eann.ni mimkinxis in IMwitrUI Hyfl.ni Peun.att.n. Tits Fiun.atlon > k Mmfeinik nmrc*i enf mtvIm inatltutiin mini th. lualth if wartcir* in innuatry- Ho. 5. Soma Facts and Figures on Absenteeism An OVI array find* that "plants^itbout systematic plans for reducing the causes of^asataalma, harm nearly twiqj^3fee*fcts of job absences as ttosa which such preriniu." As the ?tiuiidatioahaaY^nsted for years (before absenteeism headlinef^e^fixst^N^ in reduefSgNlost time is to heap adequate records your iiTi ini iik in till i HgmiYler 1 n mil ng, measure la the plant hygiene It is os nore^M^blehaelthful woiking conditions withoutfjlffleisi surrey, than nflraMjrthe quality of a product without perirodie^Hspections. To combat side `llflirntlwiy^gct the facts os absences, through aifiSiaTrpdcorde, and on healthful warkiijg^|5B&ton$i$)pfr<igh plant hygiene surreys. Qtaig^se, systematic procedure is ijHMMfaaTOr^af^t-or-miss sathods. 0niimiJiiL ofn.gures, one member company ruSfits^jse ^Aming-QXMKsnce for a group aftTOrcrakers for the first of AprlisO^aPuoxfcdays lnit froiCLcauses -- 19Q^FK^Ltneas and Qon-Lnd.uatrial lnjurlm^fis^oom persons! .(ggses^MBNlS days v Tubexuuloeis rates of Meetinghouse Electric h Mane esmpaign among its mnployeaa Service has mads S-ray axami] tuberculosis, wg ''slightly t-c.ro then or osis The alert Medical Department" been directing, a health education ition.. Meanwhile, the Public Health of a aUlion persons for ISD, Industries. Results show that 100 persons flxtfti hare significant tuberculosis."1 Red Cross?Garnet oa the foundation1s re Blood Banks for tar seat to Members recently. the Blood. Donor Serrtca Red Cross writes; "1. .Again, own appreciation end entire Service for 'the great halp ><us in accumulating for your Msmber companies. Thoughtful support P^tththis is going to do insure the success at slut Z think e all agreMed# a worthwhile project.1* * .'Car't*- 'JH.,-'---V" - t-j,-. Maetins Notes - mnch surprised to learn ths^ltia 29 per cent labor tumorer usoontrolled frztee of e poiea^^solrent,*...."It bees oust: satlsfactorllj control the use^^Wterlala in the plant, sad then pxors.thmhraontxol is satisfactory by periodic piqued arantnations, we will net have oases of occupational disease develop, It has prosed to be sueh over the years.*...."XIX too Cragpestly, the first knowledge the medical or safety deport ment barn of a nsm process,'machine or material;is whsm.it is la operation, forethought will prevent dangerous opessreThm coat is higher fbr placing makeshift safeguards or amhaumt soninasnloa mamshiar after it 1* in use,* Haw Books. TssairfTeTs .of Industrial Health, by- Dr. C.0 Seppingtcn. on outstsmdlSg noxfc^ baa Just;.beam puhLished by 2. Lipplmeott Go., Philadelphia, twyiTHMibHijy 1 ^Iea.------------: -------------------- ` ei i PA'*-*5^' .343. m. 3 Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenua, Pittsburgh, Pa. 404 Cdjar"in Industry bast and nawast ping," according to R.A. Massey, Du Pont color expert, ally developed use of bright paint colors on all industrl a, including even floors and machines." The national production cribed as going technicolor in this man nar with remarkable result ta trend is row upon row of machine tools painted in carnij and there touches of brilliant red to emphasize danger _ v tailors already display the new scientific color;^/^tAux:5'<rhey ificlude nt arsonals, naval shore stations and major war gtfantfa^' Worked out tn^a thf< iar Du Pont research program to improve soejf&Bps&scltlons in industry^ the favored color scheme for aachin- er7 to be light gray and b' oors often are painted white, stipB^W^itn brown, while walls are 'fi^t high light-reflecting colors. Warning Bulletin.-- Soidomic Ker statement has been prepared jointly by thjj^^^ite Bothcsda, Maryland and the Committee on Indmgpial Medical Association, S3S N. Dearborn St., Chicago* all physiciana. Public Health Service, logy of the American for distribution to 406 Absent Treamaaat. Two ingenious methods of combatting the growing absentee problem have been de vised by the New Britain (Connecticut) Machine Compady^d the Boll Aircraft Company, Buffalo, N. 7. The foxmer awards a weekly "Hi$vr Plaque" inscribed with a swastika, to tha department with the poorest recor0 The latter desig nates workers absent without permission as "AKOL," and replaces their time cords with "AWQL" cards. The foreman's approval is required before regular cards may be restored. -- Forbes Mag., 5^, (March, 1943). 407 Wwt-mw Vacations. A statement by Chairman Donald M. Nelson of the War Production Board on the 3ubject of vacations says in part; "I believe that tha granting of vacations to industrial workers this year will be holpful to war production. Experience hns shown that tha volume of production is increased if tha workers can restore their energise through periods of physical and mental rest, change and relaxation. After a brief vacation a worker should be in better shape-to contribute to the Iaduetrial Hygiene Digest - z increased effort which our war program makes nacsssary. But it oust b realized that our war production goals this year are nearly twice the size of last yaar's. Wartime vacations must ba planned so as to avoid interruption of working sched ules. Management and labor can and should plan the release of workers for vaca tions by worJdng ahead in somo departments, by arranging for staggered vaction schedules, by training substitutes and, whore necessary, by working additional overtime." W.C. Hooper Thomas, pp. (1942). tumors heir relation to occupe- viow ocatlon with eight The fourteen chapters rs, tvDors of the akin and ancers of the rospiretory system, and neoplastic diseases of the tuners of the eye and its adnezae, malignant growtha, sex organ tha relation of occupational medicolegal and public health as- literature has been thorough and section. Occupational tumors erature than in American. This trial physicians. 409 Occupational Diseases. pais Contracted Ky^Mpioymant in Gypsum Mine. As Creatiaa Liability Within Statute and Hot Ntf "Statute of Liai-.nv.:u. The defendant appeals from a judgment in an action to'iafirar for injuries suf- fared by the plaintiff while in its aaploy. PlaintiM0**d worked in the defendant's gypsun mine, for sixteen years, as a "loadar*^)"drlller." Tbs drifts and handings where he worked were constantly filled'With clouds of lust caused by tha pulverization of rock by drills and other machinery; end being forced to breathe such atmospheres, ha suffered a disease of tha lungs, known ta pnaumoconiosis, which was tha injury for which ha sued. Tha defendant had 3et up a large fan at tha mouth of tha mine, designed to blow tha dust out of the galleries and bandings, but according to tha testimony of tha plaintiff's wit nesses, it did not do so. Tho action was brought flva years after the plain tiff left the defendant's employment. Tha New York Practice Act makes three years the period of limitation for "an action to recover damages for * " " * personal injury, resulting from negligence"; and sub. 2 of Sac. 46 makes six years the period for "an action to recover upon a liability crested by statute, Industrial Ifygiene Dig#at - 3 except a penalty<r forfeiture." The statute provides that "an air current sufficient to rmnove smoke and noxious gases and to insure the safety of every employee shall be conducted along every passageway and working place." Air, filled with the dust of powdered rock, is within this language. The New York Decor Law required "all aachinery creating dust or impurities" to"be equipped with proper hoods and pipes connected to an exhaust fan of sufficient * * * power to remove such dust"; and that "suction devices shall be provided which shall * Impurities *** b7 mean proper hooda connected to conduits and fans." The court held t uployees who might be e: e onactments were for the benefit of the danger of breathing dust, and rented" ^"liabilitjgs^dt sub. 2 of Sac. 48 of tbs Civil Practj pport to a finding that the employer should have: l.e., beon guilty of caused b7 breathing dust for slxted24eF3 end how no in the last year, were Indeed debAoM^v but no one .people must deny ail conneotloa/tivti$n them. The o find that during the yeaje in^apetloa he had suffer- afflxmed. Stomelll BaJ3. Gypsum Co.. U.S.C.C.A. (CCS). 410 n ae Being Final and Conclusive. Plaintiff appeals frcin^^xorde^^hich^f^^edr the conDlssioner's award denying plaintiff compensationr</^sintifr2roK5jpIoyed by defendant in the removal of bulk count from box ea^^^I^U^$tij|^&3tlced a breaking out on his skin, which spread over his body. Bafvjjag^^TgM to quit work. Doctors diagnosed his con dition as cement dermatlgittSpl&easl^&s venenata. Plaintiff filed applica tion for adjustment thSJ^upational disease amendment, (Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, Se^^MBtul et^seq., Am. 1942 Cum. Supp. Sec. 17.220 et soq.) He alleee^tnn#'he was stiffoping ramSj'deaaatitis venenata, a disease) re sulting fron&ne^pPture of his empldy^ant,^msu^whieh is chedulod as on occupa tional oidlcal fnwmtim-Np; ahn aSStmjmed plaintiff, about 9 months af^ep,d^bvp^work, found that plaint^r^was'~unering from dermatitis herpeti- Ich is not compensable under^hip Act^^efendants contend that plain- fa suffering from the same diseaser^zom Sapra^er 1940, when he was oblig- qult work, until the hearing 0'ctoberQ^^41,^9hd^that the report of the jdical commission, who examined in Jul^,\^4l,\$s*rinel and conclusive. The report of the medical coonisslon case was finax^*w\concluaive only as to plaintiff* s condition when the commission examined Mkv^Tho department erred in determining, in effeet, that the report of the arafcoal commission wee, as a matter of law, final and conclusive as to plaintffg^* condition during the en tire period from 1940 to 1941. The department' s garter le vacated and set aside, and the eeee Is remandod. Walkor v. Lossllo instruction Company et al. Mich. Supreme Ct. Decided April 6, 1943. (CCH). 411 Gradual Suffocation by Ces Causing Death of Miner. MbtldS^or Motion for Judg ment Failing to Show Remedy Under *ct. Plaintiff filed in the court bolow a notice of motion for judgaent, seeking to recover damagos for the wrongful death of plaintiff*s deeedont. She alleged that the dafendant owed its aaployeee the duty of furnishing them a reasonably safe place in which to work, and to that and should hare installed in the mine where deeedont worked the necessary devices to ventilate it properly. --e defendant filed a demurrer to the notice of motion for judgunt alleging that by virtue of the provisions of the Workmen's Compensation Act the lower court was deprived of jurisdiction of ths subject-matter of the suit. To a judgnent^ sustaining a demurrer plaintiff obtained this writ of error. The plaintiff's contention is that the notice of notion shows on lte face that her cause of Industrial hygiene Digest - 4 action la not coapanaabla under the Vtorlanan* 3 Conpanaatlon Act end that hence she has the right to pursue her action at law. Since the notice of motion does not sffiimatively show on its face that the lower court has been deprived of jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the suit by the provisions of the Work men* s Compensation Act, as alleged in the demurrer, the demurrer should have been overruled. Whethor plaintiff has a good causa of action at law or whether the matter is governed by the Workmen* s Compensation Act will depond upon the appli- cation of the principles stated, to tha facta and circimiatences to be developed at the hearing. All that has been "ded is that the plaintiff's notice of notion for Judgment does not sh< face that her rmaedy is under the upensatlon Act and is present common-law action. ?or tt ro 1 the judL&ant complaint 0; s reversed and the case remanded fox remanded. Aistrop . Blud Diamond Co Decided Kerch 3, 1943. (CCH). 412 Inhalation of Carbon lono3d.de. tionBetween otion In which plaintiff nt on the ground against Travelers e Company and plain- f no cause and of action by the dofen- talned, and the alternative ddgand dismissed, ey, a doalor la automobiles, in the parte departni t bis disability was due to in haling fioes from being tostod end repaired in imme- diets proximity to establishment in which plaintiff per- fozned his duties; atlon of carbon monoxide and other fumes and gases from the brought about plaintiff s collapse, An attempt was made aintiff that he suffered from a dis- case if the spinal n was located, his doctors accepted the possibility^ disease, and since a toxic condi- tion fitted Jknrniw the theory of carton poisonlng, they inclined to a correlaajMB&ft'Sarbon sonoxi do wit$ ' The testimony on the part of th*3t*nW attributes plaintiffs^ nerve disease of the spinal fixes the cause as infection^' natlng the toxic effects n monoxide, since no evidence 0: as apparent upon mon on. Any relation between plaintiff ths disability from he is suffering remain solely a possi there was a clear duty and burden upon plaintiff to establish a doftgito (xxtalatloB between his employment and his disability, in tho assumptionwhi.dfr'dduulty and burden he has failed end since this point is finally decisive e^tho case, plaintiff s demands were properly rejected. Judgaent affirmed. GardSbr v. Travelers Insurance Camnmrr et el. La. Court of Appoal. 2nd Circuit. De^daflA March 1. 1943. (zz=.) 413 Death from Carbon-Tatrachloride Used as Clean! Upon Contri butions for Household Expenses as Establishing Partial Schweitzer died from poisoning from carbon-tetrachloride w6eh was being used as a cleaning solvent while he was employed on tho yacht of appellant, Wendo. Decedent, 18 years of ago, and received $90 a month and "found," amounting to $90 per month. Until his aaployaont on the yacht, ho had baea living at home with his father and mother. All tho children who were able to do so contributed to a common family pool which *as expended by the mother to cover all expendi tures. The decadent contributed approximately $101 to the family budget; all his contributions were expended by the mother for the table or for the pure baaa of things for tho home. While employed on the yacht, docedent lived aboard it. An award was made to decodont's parents as partlsl dependents. Suit was brought to enjoin enforcement of the award, from an order denying the injunction, Industrie! Hygiene Digest . 3 appellants appeal. There was substantial evidence to support appellee's finding of such dependency, taking Into account the ages of the father and Bother, the earnings of the father and of the other children and the fact that docedont had been contributing to the parents sore then what he cost them. Par ents are dependont if their own rosources are not sufficient to support them, even if they receive help from thoir other children. The test is whether his contribution was in whole or in part a ">*** of nalntainlng them in the Banner in which they had been living and whether they looked forward to and relied upon the- continuance of decedent itlons to that end. Affined. Wenda. et al v. McManigal, 2nd Cir. Decided April 30, 19437(CCj 414 ewskl. Arch. f. Gewer- ). (Geman). vmoconiosis" than tbose re- in the Kerch; 271) . It included 123 workers at the Trankfort , of whom 96 wero directly axposed. Clinical examinations dense of lnflsanatory respiratory dis- ordors, especially repel bronchitis, sonotimes accompaniod by gastrointestinal distv elation was observed between symptoms and duration of expo: stated that onset bad occurred within the last two shdjaentat ests and lung function tests were in- conclusive. X- natiohv'ISowed "^gnificant" changes in 39, "marked' :han- ges in 17, J^di^d^Viloped" in 4 aWt of the 123 subjects. Most of th^a^getfleant" cases and><!ll , had exposure of 1 to 20 yoars^-^yl'iaioal signs did not co ^ with radiographical crpear- knly a few cases were prolo d bronchitis rales noted. Sropancy between these results Incidence (19.2$ conciu- 31.2$ significant) of "olumlnim gative findings reported by earlier investigations is explained alteration in tho pro- cess during the last two years, involving a greater amount of dust, ths particlos of which aro _ ;or protected by a film of alvainia stearate caused by the foxmesr-$4dj,tlon of staarlna during the stamping proosas. (Alao, as pointed out in Absfnjrt lib. 270, Kerch Digest, blackout conditions groatly reduce ventilation aa^carreepondingly incroeso dustiness.) 413 Danger to Luwpe from Al'm-t aae. Z.m. loetten Eickhoff. :cn. Hyg. & Bekt.. 12?7 344-367 (1942TT Tho authors reviow the literature on "alumlnoaie" with special reference to the netorlal covered in the preceding abstract and Nos. 269-272 (March Digest). A survey of the earlier litorature emphasizes the difference between "al veins sis" and silicosis. Ths former is characterized by ths sjrsptoma of bronchial catarrh inflemstory cell proliferation, and x-ray evidence of diffuse fine stippling, but no fibrosis, as demonstrated by Joettcn and by Shrismana in 1939 in -marl experiments in an etmosphoro containing 30-100 mg. of oluslntm bronze Just per cubic meter of air. There were no significant pathological changes. So-./evsr, Goralewski has revealed e high incidence of symptoms of respiratory and gastro intestinal disturbance among olvmlsum workers. Clinical findings were slight in comparison with tho severity of subjective symptoms, which also have so relation Industrial fygLene Digest - 6 to the duration of work. The reasons for the increase are given as in the preceding abstract. The authors advocate a chemical theory somewhat similar to that of Zoelsch (Abstract No. 272, March Digest). 41S Tho Isolation of B. Anthracis From Industrial Material, with Special Reference to the Resistance of the Spores of Heat. 3.R. Jonas. J. Path, it Pact., 54. 307-314 (July, 1942). Tho author describes the isolation of Bacillus anthracis from industrial aator- lal and makes special referonco to t^pcsistance of tho sporos to heat. He shows o;uito clearly that of three<^ia^ tested, 3pore suspeasions 3howed a dlffllxu&Lon of the viable count ar\e)oxposure to a temperature of 80C. for, short^^riod ^of^ime as ^^^intn^s. Ho quotes tho investigation of of boi id been carried out at 80C. and all rsaoit^ftere negative Lque in which the material was hmtXt&ftffogpC: for five minv Eolations of Bacillus anthracis were JiMaR||i5vorifled by ftniMl, method of demonstrating capeulejkoi&ttsrtrua anthrax bacillus by it of a broth suspension to m&cg?TO or three drops of ive boon added, and stalnUbg fuB with polychrome methytaaaNhli thr- Lbod as being useful .gArop&ways to be used in con- 417 Injury, Bapocli glrrt P. Roesslng. Arch. f. Gswerbopath. u. 'ecsaber 31, 1941) (German), A review of the literat inlng with special reference to liver injury leads to the conoid liver is frequently affected, but that the nature of the injury ve cal, pathological and histological inves- tigations havo shown Lcute poisoning, injury of tho roti- culo-endothelial sysi irosis of the liver calls, various stages of acute yai^Kybrdphy; toning, disappearance of glycogen, fatty infiltratiiffi'cail necrosis, repcratrtd and regenerative changes, conges- s, periportal hypopplas these findings it scorns e cirrhosis is a res poisonings. In most bported, arsenic has not agent; also lnvolvod nicotine, lead, copper d Intestinal dlstur- Animal experiments axe sot entire" e in many animals it liver injury, such as coccidlo3is in a predisposition to perlmental lesions by toxic agents. Cirrho r is considered essentially a chronic progressive hepatitis, a&eotin Iver cells and pro- duced by toxic agents, in small doses ovor long pb^ko. A typical case of cirrhosis, causad by a combination of factors, wit c and lead predominat lag, is that of a workar engaged in the manufacture ed and calcium arsenate, with some exposure also to dinltro-ortho-creaol. Ha d^* od symptoms which wero first diagnosed as lead poisoning, latar as cirrho th ascites. The opinion that araeale ips tho chief toxic agent was baaed presence of melonoals, hyperkerato'sia, intestinal symptoms and a greatl^pStdcreased content of arsenic in the hair. Lead, and to a slighter degree, dinltro-ortho-crosoi wero considered contributory factors. The author believes that the combined cumulative effect of several toxic agents on tba liver is greater then that of any single agent and that arsenic alone, especially in tha cirrhosis often found in wine dressers, cannot be considered a primary cirrhosis-producing agent. 418 The Toxicity of Beryllium. 7. Hyslop, L.T. Fairhall end others. Bull. No. LSI, National Institute of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, 56 pp. (1943). Tor sale by Supt. of Documents, Washington, D. C. IS cents* The increased production and use of beryllium in Industry has caused concern about exposure of worta&an to dust and funs arising frem the processing of this Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 metal. "Tbs purpose of the investigation," as stated in the introduction, "was to measure and define the toxicity of beryllium and to indicate, so far as is feasible by animal experiments, the magnum permissible concentration of dust or fumes from the metal or its compounds which workmen should be permitted to breathe." Animal experiments were made in which a n\mber of beryllium compounds at various concentration were injected intraperitoneally into guinea pigs; beryllium compounds were administered orally to both young rats and guinea pigs, and finally guinea pigs were exposed to. the dust of these compounds in high con centrations and over long intervals gGfclne with no indication that beryllium is^ inherently toxic. Exposure of and rats to the fuses arising from th^sustetxolysis <^f molten flwriaf^containing beryllium fluoride or oryfli sbo ledly toxic. Thara was vary littla storage bery and tissues of the experimental animal5S>\r^zow- ing , whether by mouth, by inhalation o^MlU^raperi- toneal i ryllium was found to be stored in th^lf^s&than in the kidney in the bono tlsaua. No slgniflSQptg^ttge in hemo- globin val nor any evidence of polycythmnttuflerother dyscrasia. Certain rhich bydralyze easily, amu tm fluoride and sul- fato tha skin, but thi^CpK&was absent in the case of^iri&Sttitral salt that beryllium la absorbed ofifar slightly in t mainly in the feces. The absorption of berylli is also vary slight. Nona of the beryllium compound d appreciably by serum, while the greatest dilution protein occurs is one part of beryllium nltrata to 9 of the relative toxlcities of beryllium, magnesium, tonoel injection sbowod beryllium to be least and zinc most 11 aj x-ray examination, of the tissues of animals ex& o indication of rickets and no consistent patholpfl(f2 the beryllium was given and by whatever nethodd^55yiB6( no parti cular^toxi established for beryllium, it appears tkfife ijhsteyer toxicity hempen to occur with the beryllium salts isdjlul^a^tne toxicity of the acl^/tadl Lch as the fluoride or oxy- fluodcA^y to an objectionable condi out by the hydrolysis of its salts, such as the chlori%) susr^t t. No safe permissible standards should be based on beiyv itSClfi alth Aspects of Flborslas Materials. as Corp., Toledo,0. Pamphlet, 8 pp. (1943). This publication presents answers to questions possibility of health hazards in connection with tlSahnnufa of Tiberglas. It is based largely upon invostlgatioks/eonducted by or for tho Owcns-Corning Fiberglas Corporation. Testa made by Gardner of the Trudeau Foundation hare demonstrated that Fiberglas bas'^^njurious effect upon the lungs. W.J. Siobert cond'acted investigations w&M^includo: an ex haustive study of world medical literature for references ^-possible health hazards in the handling of Fiberglas; observations and dust counts in the Newer*, Ohio, factories; examination of several hundred stereoscopic x-ray plates :f tie chests of mployeea in the seme plants. His conclusion is that there is nc 3iii- cosls, fibrosis or dust hazard connocted with working with Fiberglas. In gecer- al igrosment with this opinion are the Chief of the Bureau of Industrial 2yglens of the National Institute of Health, and the Aetna Casualty and Insurance Co., which underwrites insurance covering any ill offsets upon ths health of Owons- Cornlng employees caused by tho Handling of Fiberglas products. Effects oa skin an* made a subject of investigation because of a mechanical irritation of the akin sometimes experienced by newly employed workers* This effect comprised a phaso of Dr. Slebert's investigation. Ha summarizes his conclusions as f=iire- Industrial 5jrgisne Digest - 8 "The author believes the following generalization is warranted by the evidence: Contact with glass wool may cause ephemeral discomfort among workers inexper ienced in handling the material. The skin irritation, however, cannot bo re garded as a progressive dermatitis, for it is pon-toxic, and usually disappears in a few days. In extremely rare instances, where a worker may be predisposed to secondary affecta of mechanical skin irritation because of Idiosyncrasy allergy or tho presence of foci of infection elsewhere in his body and otherwise dissociated from the effects of mechanical irritation, lesions may persist. But those eases are encountered with 3ymfrarity that they do not Justify incrimin-, atin* glass fiber as a causatiyaj^c^r." Reports of investigations by Sul: ^ Bureau of Ships and Bureau of Medici: k 6? the U.S. Public Health Service do nait c ted above. Wearing of protective claf5ha^Aid a wetting agent are recommended. sa&fe gener is given that, "No claim for workewpeMensation trial dlscaso or disability res^tia^rrom an occupa- buted to Fiberglas"... has eraK^crvclidatad in the ifo Insuronco Company rpg&ds health of Fiborglas Threo usoa of 1in surgery are dascrib- hyslcal and Chsrffwd^iropartiea of Fiberglas con- report upon request from the company, i 420 Iron Dust Luna. Woch., 16-17, (January 2, 1942). (German). The author descrlbos a on of iron dust in tho lungs of an eloc- tro-welder, asployed in Jq^pts and plat# rails for 10 years. Similar observations have bee: others; emong 40 welders investigated loolsch found 18 dVpodtion^j^lron in the lungs, three with charges similar to thoseo(f osls Gfr'ddib 1 ea^^ and one with marked deposition. x-ray examination showc widespread stippling cf the Lungs, bee which were cos^Xbtol The shadows varied in size o a lentil. A few calefied Lee were present in the alius j^listurbance of health co uberculous infection was .d there was no history of forsanj silica-containing dust, and fumes, containing particles of"T&Sky-d: iron oxide, less than in diameter, arise from the -welding sJ^ef^thes ried in the peribronchial and perivascular lympa c___ the alveoli, are carand deposited in the lymphoid nodules and glands, ca* finest partides?jassvthjough tho alveolar vails into the interstitial tissue. Xoclsch of iron oxide in the dust; if covered electrodes are used only 65-7991 tirltton oxide would be liberat ed, with 19 to 20% of silicic acid and a variable SMunt of manganic oxide. It is not known whether such admixtures increase the dahgaS*. The connective tissue of the lung is apparently capable of absorbing th^iron oxide, ao that there is no progreeelve fibrosis, as in silicosis. Masa^iiiograph7 will * r> * at least tho most marked lesions and will show the advlsaBfifci)ty of improvsmont in working conditions and the importance of medical supervision. 421 Svstanatlc Investigations on Dust Lungs. Part IT. Upon the Iron Content of the T.nwff nf im Workers in Dusty Trades. Together with a Consideration of the Reci procal Effect of tho Components of Dust Mixtures. G. Gorstel. Arch.f.Gowercepath. u. Gewerbepath., ^0, 616-673 (June 11, 1941). (German). Parts I, IX and HZ of this investigation, published in earlier nusbers of the ArchlT, were concerned with an analysis of lungs- for silicic add, aluminum oxide and tltanlva oxide respectively. Part 17 relates to tbs iron content. Tho article consists of a very large number of tables and graphs of 1,000 chemical analyses which cannot ba readily abstracted or reproduced, giving the iron con tent, etc., of the lungs obtained from 131 workers in various dusty trades, and eauporlnc tho figures with those obtained for silica- Industrial %gisne Digeat . 9 422 The Possible Toxicity of Lead Alloys* I. Experiments on the Rat with Solder. G.H. Cowgill end K. Salomon. J. lad. Hyg. <9c Tox., 2S. 31-39 (March, 1943). The investigation reported was concerned with the affects of metallic lead and its alloys on animals, on which very little is Imown. Young rats received 300 parts of lead per ail lion of diet in the form of solder pellets containing 59.57% of lead. They proved to he quite similar to the control grpup fed an identical diet but no lead, with raspgrft to growth, concentration of blood hemo. globin and tha appearance of stlnn|A>Mlls, and amount of lead stored in thei; bodirofc Hats fed an identical attoa of lead in the form of lead acetate bibSttMjdl tha^aual signs^f^lecrpoisoning, and their carcasses contt large^jsirugitswMU|ad. J%vh)>herefore concluded that ingested solder composition* useiT^^otp^tiu Tor the young rat. 423 The Possl lead Alloys. Experiments on Solder. Salomon J. lad. 2yg. fcTox., 29, 1943) ~. Solder i en found non-toxic to fats* (iig^rcceding abstract), but be relatively resiatdai^te lead it was desirable itivity to laod i^Ki^nearly comparable to that Accord! used In thtf^nunf* They were fed on artifl- diet with a h t, feiflRekQme absorption of lead. One group of puppies was bous< ^a and the intake of tha dlat was equalized. The animals rospeot to gains In body weight, con- centrations of hsmoglob blood, ntnber of stippled cells, and polychromatic staining a: amount of load prosant in the ontlre body as wall as in a the basis of tbs data obtained the authors concluds that form of solder is only moderately absorbed by tha ugk:ter'e extent than in rata. Ito signs cf lead poisoning elicited" in the s receiving such pellets. 424 Lead Polya: Scrap Recovery PI Bull., 3, 3-9 (December 31, 1942) of lead scrap in recovery j&am: a masher of lead poisoa- Cauaea are carelessness, ladf^i ust, and poor bouseiccep- Air analysis often show concantratlc i 2.3 to 760 mgs. per m. With adequats control those coacotrktioni brought within safe limits. The inaffaotlvanaaa of respirators and bioloij preventive measures is cmphaalzad. 425 PnpT nf l^ed Poisoning Through tha Addition of Leafr* Tetraethyl to Motor Fuel. H. '.Van!ok. Arch. f. Gewarbepath. u. Dewerbehyg., 65-159 (December 31, 1941). (German) Tha purpose of tho article is to differentiate between poisoning due to tetraethyl and classical lead poisoning, though tha autbb^idmlts that the tone action of tetraethyl is a function of its lead content. Neurological symptoms, due to tho fat-aoluble effect of tetraethyl on central nervous tissue may be accompanied and even obscured by tbs more usual symptoms of lead poisoning in workers exposed to tho carbonized residue of lead tetraethyl, which has lost its fat solvent capacity. Tha case is described of a worker exposed not only to tetraethyl lead added to benzine but also to the carbonized residua. Symptoms, called subjective, and including headache, weakness, lose of sleep, ate. were regarded as evidence of chronic tetraethyl lead poisoning; others, such as a blue line on tho guns, punctata basophilia, coproporphyrinuria, and colic as evidence of true lead poisoning caused by inhalation of the lead containing dust of tha carbonized residue. Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 10 425 Danger of Lead Benzine. 3. Smut and O'. Lehmann. Arch, f.Gewwrbopath. u. Gewerbehyg., 11, 256-295 (December 31, 1941). (German). A series of nnimrl experiments v.-as undertaken in order to estimate how far and under what conditions danger to health is to bo apprehended from the use of ben zine containing load tetraethyl. Previous Investigation by Sehoe have shown that 1 cc. of pure lead tetraethyl applied to the shaven skin of a rabbit is lethal. In the present investigation, dilute solutions in gasoline were applied to tho skin of rabbits and guinea pigs. SdSlloss in body weight was obtained with rabbets as the subjoets; the refriQs w&h guinoa pigs were inconclusive, experiments, in *hich the artfmals^ahalcd lead tetraethyl vapor and exhni gasesresult^ were ooMlately negative, in spontaneous death pictuToy nervoutirfa^tt^^^SB muscle chronaxia. Chanleal analysis t %shod animals accumulation only with the applicat 3kin of the 1 sign of true lead poisoning. The ai Includes that there is of lead poisoning to be apprehended exposure to exhaust er to persons employed in and task factori t JSfaa it with); and that it resistance is like- 427 Iron Age, (December 3,1942). Thls article records Chemical Company in caring for men engaged in handling ealum alloys and gives a review of tho world literature that is la many processes the handling of magnesium and its alloys ue than other commercial metals, Potential health hazard* slum are shorn to have so practical significance. As awtari s no more harmful than foreign bodies of other oaMndlsT unless' bacte taminatlon, due to the uso of cutting oils. d22Msit. The inflcflSable A&*, of magnesium is well known and the circuns'raac^^&re so well underst^eft__ d that burns are no nore frequanp^Migen iron and steel plants557/The co of sulfur dioxide in seme of thS<f^^vations, and of magnesium duS^are el hazards, but these nztor- ^conditions are familiar to indus^^end u propor control con be anted. (Copios of report are availw^>upo SSt from the Dow :hem- Company.) * The Effects of Ascorbic Acid in Halation to Lead^AHorptjda. 2.2. Evans, tf.D. Norwood, R.A. Seboe and V. Ilachle. J.A.M.A., ^drj!l-504 (Tebruary 13, 1343). Ascorbic acid nutrition in workers in a large pledtjos found to be poor in senoral, but mostly so in lead workers. Careful studylarge group of la ad workers to whoso diet 100 mg. of ascorbic was addsd ds^n^voaled no effect cn the lead concentration in the blood, elimination in foSw0r urine, physical con dition of the mem, nwber and sevorlty of complaints, maMfcv*.of erythrocyzes or stippled erythrocytos, or in the hemoglobin. Therefore,::liproaaott has beon found for recommending the use of ascorbic acid to counteract the effects of lead absorption. 429 Action of Finely Divided Mafyaeivsi upon the Lungs. L.D. Gardner and A.3. Delehant. Am. J. Pub. Health. 33. 153-156 (February. 1943). (A report on this investigation was presented by Dr. Gardner at the foundation's Seventh Annual Hooting and is printed in the Proceedings of that meeting.) In a sories of experiments on cats and guinoa pig*, it was shown that finely^ divided metallic magneslia did not have any serious offsot upon the lungs. It was also shows that "gaseous tumor" fozmstioa was absent primarily because the lungs freely ccomalcate with external air. It is stated that if manufacturing processes did permit inhalation of appreciable ooiate of ma^ioslia, it is high ly improbable that serious injury to tbs lungs would ansus. Industrial fygiant Digest - u 430 Possible Chronic Intoxication by Manganese. g. Saffmaa end S. Donoao. Revista Uedlca da Chile. 70.706 (September. 1942). (Spanish). The authors report a case which appeared to be one of manganese poisoning and stato that the incidence of mangenose poisoning is now comparatively high among mino workors, since activity has greatly increased on account of the war. In one mine 15 out of a total of 200 working without masks in on amnosphere densely charged with manganese dust, had bocomo completely incapacitated. In other mines no cases of poisoning were apparent. Nearly all the miners with manganese poisoning presented the typical disigffiances in their walk. Next in importance aro tho psychic symptoms in the ft^Top>atteck3 of excitation, depression, unv motiv$^ed laughter and even tue d4nted states. In the particular case to tfang&nese was uncertain, and microscot type of noninflammatory vascular cere by lead or manganose, which are voi e brain structure. ^ 431 Handwriti ctlon of Industrial Mercury Poi#nfa)ir 2. Holstein. Deut. Me' 72 (Jebruery 13, 1942). If ~ Aparj^t^Mt^br >n)(the , oral manifeatatk^pe^ercury poisoning may ~ as ctarisod by pxadwTarfturbances such as excit- ', failure o defects_o^tt4exiigence, etc., sometimee apanied by inton Tnaads, aims, and finally of the .rholo body. 1 means of arousing this intention tremor and therefore of stance and severity of mercury poison* isg. Examples of the s of workers ln the hair*felt*hat lndus- try, where the macerating sted of a solution of mercury in dilute nitric acid, show bllity, up to indecipher Vole scribble, or in one severe ca _ a b^pt.' ~ ^same variability is sometimes found in successive teshsT^^hb^ a sh^p^f'tlme' 3ane Individual. An early sign of disturbance<^rahfrie intention tremor u t porceptible, is tho omission of a letter/^?tuKbeginniag or and^fPthe ,ture, or tbo substitution of a letter, _ Ln sound, for the cornet om in the signature "Charlotte Schrjj Soth names were commenced wtt.h "S". The defects revealed idwriting test are related to f the central nervous sys- by chronic mercury poisoning r eXM*fot or latent. "The Inactivation of Phosphorus on the Skin. GobdMett and 6.H. Oakeshott. Brit. Med. J. No.4282, 123*129 (January 30, 1943)^. The phoaphorus*lnactlvatlng propertiee of l aqueeW. copper sulphate, the copper sulphate*glyeerol*starch composition of Godding djuTkotton, and a new composi tion containing copper in an oil-soluble form made from, copper oleate, Turkey- red oil (sulphonated castor oil). Trichloroethylene,'^djA^urgical spirit have been compared. The last is shown to be the most effectives way of inactivating phosphorus, especially whan associated with oil, solven^e^ay rubber. A proce dure is suggested for dealing with cases contaminated witlr^idterial from solf- ignitlng bombs containing phosphorus, oil, solvents, and rr&ber. N.B.: It must be pointed out that the treamaent proposed is for phosphorus on the skin. The high content*of trichlorethylene precludes use of the composition for such in ternal injuries as were recently described by Blaxland (1942), in which element al phosphorus was diffusely implontod in tho tlssuoe. -- Authors' sunaary. 433 Silicosis ln Potters in the Silesian Glass Industry. H. Sehramm. Arch.f. Gewsrbspath. u. Gewerbehye.. 10. 460-472 (April 167 1941). (German). The author gives the results of radiological examinations in 99 workers with exposures to dust varying from under 3 up to 14 years. Of these, 35 showed no changes due to dust, 29 of them having occupation histories of leas than three years. In 14 early sllicotlo changes were noted, in 8 silicosis of radiological stage ITTwTas found, in 9 stage IU,- in 19 stage II, in 8 stage II-III, and 6 Industrial Qrgiant Digest - 12 434 Investigation of ths Lung Function, la Sllicotjcs. The Lung Purl: Moderate Muscular Bxerciss. 2. Roelsen and P. Eskeldsen. Acta mad. Scandinav., 109. 377 (1941). The article reports results of exercise tests with a bicycle-ergometer, on 12 patients with silicosis, 9 with emphysema sad 14 healthy persons. The amounts of exercise was 400 hgm* per min. for 10 minutes. All participants reached the steady state after about 5 minutes of exorcise. During this state the patients with first and second degree sllicos bowed a small average increase in venti- latloa and respiratory rate as co; th the normals. Two patients with thiarnsgree silicosis showed no increase of ventilation. The oxygen debt^Mig^hlghe^lk first Conor"degree sllicotics than in normals, si hlghexcra thirdji&roe s, and highest in the emphysema patlegftj vontil* irlod was highest In the iphyscma ?a^e| in the fct in the normals. 435 Pneumoconlo^ Porphyry h. f.Gowerbepath. account osls caused by traM$reg of "porphyry1* and >us porphyrjrtT es of the mountains in Northern Sex- Clinical end ri axaminaXffte'^rL90 of the workers confined the probability that p of the stone ml'ght cause silicosis; 1S7 were found to be aff'erc olng stono breakers and 6B working chlofly as masons, and ed to stons dust especially in calm, dry weather. I-ray examinntld f cases with fully developed silicosis, 22 in the initial stagey s were the long periods of exposure-- from 11 to 45 yoars in aitp^d^eoe--end the relative absence of synp- toms, occasional bbFfig thbrlonly c.^ nt. Radiography in a typical case showed numero defined shadows upf/l the slza of a paa, with calcified deposits a; ght hllus; the afiicea .unaffected. "Porphyry" and "tufaceo are purely aunsSatcgic the Rocklitz stone is of the ^vhfiety, and has a high co which is regarded ise of the silicosis. lScosis of Intrathoracic Lymph Nodes es uomeensa pupations! Disoase. Hagen. Arch.f.Gewerbepath.. 10. 502 (Acral w6. 1 izman). According to the author, reports on slllcosls~as well legal regulations regarding compensation for occupational disease ice ^con .ed chiefly with siii- cotlc changes in the lung tissue. He describes SaV^C^al cases of complicating severe slllcosla of tha intrathoracic lymph nodeas strops fatal outcome. One patient, a man aged 63, had comparatively light allied~>c changes in the lungs, but had also a severe silicosis of ths lymph nodes a `bifurcation, which -7 severe cicatrical shrinkage led to the formation of trai dlvortlcula in :oj osophagus. Tha puncture of one of theao led to pulao icasa formation anh generally suppurative bronchitis. The fatal outcome of tbd?$ulaonaxy abscesses must be rogarded as the result of silicosis. Several additional cases are -es cribed and evaluated, leading to the conclusion that when silicosis of the ./ph nodes bocomes tha point of origin of a severe disorder, it must be rogardod is a compensable disorder, just as is severo silicosis of ths pulmonary tissue. 437 Study of Industrial Workers Exposed to Sulfur Duet. 3.3. Pinto, B.A. Brown \nd i.H. Carlton. J.Ind.Hyg. k Tox., 25, 149-151 (April, 1943). . A study was made of tha sployeea at a sulfur mins. Among the wrkors exposed to appreciable amounts of sulfur dust for a period of 7 years, no lung lesion* were found on x-ray examination which could be attributed to tbe inhalation of sulfur dust -- Authors' svxnary. Industrial Sygien* Digest . 13 438 Dawflora Arising frott Dust and Gas from Iron Ailavs. K.W. Joetten. Arch.f.Hyg. u.3aJrt.. 129. 315.321 (1942). (German). Iron brlquettea nave been manufactured in Germany for some time and production is on a small but increasing scale in this country* Therefore this account of German conditions may be of interest* Iron alloys used for making iron briquottos contain iron silicate (25-21# of 3ilica), iron manganese-sillcate (40$ iron, 30$ silica and 30$ manganese), not more than 0.1$ phosphorus, and on unknown percentage of arsonlc. The<^|corial is roughly broken up by hand and ad into a grinder. At thj^s^pe it is sprinkled with water from a hos 3ent dust formation, whlcn\tt)not great, but Tories according to the as gj^does th^fa^p orcalcium carbide and garlic (arsenic); dust"^ ticeable in recent deliveries of mato: slight Although no special disturbone hare oc of years, many workers have recentl of gastroint iratory symptoms, especially afto^e^A^Sfbns and dur lng work ess alloys which give off a aeATje^l&rlic. A review of the ^ silicate and ferrO"aangcnpate aiocate alloys shows tha impurities in of phosphorus and arsen- j>hine 11 as manganese roJpnng (lung inflasnation and 5aims). Th^T ta are preseraad ? phosphine and arsine: asphlne: toxic c itf83r$ftnel, 2.6 mg. perl.*, dangerous to life in -1 hour, v^mnocuous after -1 hour, 0.14-0.26 mg. per 1.; limit of p .004 mg. per 1. Acute toxic effocts: coldness, epigastric p ddinoss, tinnitus, anxiety, dyspnoea, dry cough, loss of appotl tching, dilated pupils, death after a few days; chronic eff a,''bronchitis, digestive disturbances, dental necrosis, disturban ooch^dnd bearing. Arsine: toxic tion'd^0.03$^bi%vpluBU. Acute toxic effects: headache, colta^jk^^igastric paii^anxfiiyj) Jaundice, hemoglobinuria and hema turia, retod&LotCjfr? urine, convulsion^, chronic effects: headache, loss of ^raWte; tenderness over th&^wRestlessness, insomnia, anemia. Tljm^^H^prdetezmlned air concentrati'ona.in t^Ojain workshop and near the Isur^tnd made clinical examinations^fVxS wotkak The manganese concentra te was ouch below tha danger limit. Tt^'^baractonnttic symptoms of phospiiino arsine poisoning, especially ha&aturin^d^an^$^wore not presont in any of the workers; in 11 the hemoglobin was BOftyjLb, 2?i\~UA59$. Some gastro-intes- tinal and respiratory symptoms were reported* Posalblyjgfrey were due to the combined action of phosphine and arsine* especially after explosions, when the air concentrations may hare been greater than th*w^actually estimated. Prcvea- tlwe measures reconoanded includo more froquont cbedB^as of personnel, medical supervision, "special nutrition" (these workers shoufd^be classed as "heaTy werk- ers"), alteration in position of the grinder (Its mod^^teuld not be too high above tha ground), deposition of the material in a dry fflSwe (tne present prac tice of sprinkling with water may do more harm than good<jS)Micouraging the evo lution of gases. Pick and Konrad's recommendation that 40<?60$ ferro-silicata alloy should not be used is regarded as of doubtful Talus* since Koelsch has stated that a silica content of over 79$ stabilize* the compound and docreases tho fozaatlon of toxic gases. 439 Tho Absorption and Bxcretlon of Fluoride. II. The Metabolism at High Levels of Intake. W. Machie and 2.J. Largent. J.Ind. Syg. *Tox., 2J; 112-123 (March, 1943). Tho magnitude and characteristics of the normal fluoride Intake and output ef a human experimental subject have been described in an earllar paper'(Abstract No. 994, Octobor, 1942). The investigation was now extended to abnormal levels of intaka, in order to determine the threshold at which storage begins, to Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 14 establish the relationship between absorption and storage, and to throw further light on tbs apparent close relationship between tbs absorption and the urinary excretion of fluoride. At normal levels of fluoride Intake, the urinary plus the fecal output was found to equal the intake, but with higher Intake levels the absorption and urinary/85?5ik29oaae, both varying directly with the amounts absorbed and theroforo with each other. Within limits, then, urinary fluoride excretion may be used as a measure of fluoride storage. The absorption of fluorine is dependent upon the aquooj# solubility of the fluoride salt end its stato at the time of ingestion. fluorides are effectively absorbed. 440 H.Y. Acad, of Med., 9, 340-355 mparison of the physical, chaacol and/feMsl<flogi nary irritants, many practical poiata^BJmgortcnce of data are presented showing the rtaatwohip between and between irritation and toslcis^. \dfc general ef- lrritants axe also desarlbi^^rth an excellent The section on treatmeroVccentuatee the need for n administration^WMwSed but venesection is g tSMKOkgh venous praMflmyptag* of blue cyanosis. The whiS&qify r 1 Ihi.jiWM*!/ injury is discussed briefly. 441 tmonia Gaa Pei 241. 99-96 (1941). 47 cases of oanonia poi&^mg ogosiqpiprollowlag bomb damage to a condenser. Mild cases showed acute pMragwtfn^md tracheitis; moderate cases, acute bron chitis, and severe cases~ ranara^yeds^a. 3 of 27 moderate cases, and 7 of 11 severe cases, died. ^g^f^p7^vere\jff^tive against ammonia. 442 Homonymous in CarbonJEnoxi >alng. I. Jrcncois. Ophthaimolo- gica, 103, U^H^TSarch, 1942). Carbon oapd^Mb^loisoning say producm,^gtlc~h^a^ltls sometimes ending in optic atropig^Sietiaal oedona, and occasional!^, inN!Mflffy to the optic tracts and occwit?"feortex. Lesions of the opti^ffhets 4^phpparently due to asphyxia tor origin. Two cases of hononyraai hArujSftpsla and one of binasal psia are given in the literature, ad$^bo adds a third case of hemianopsia. In the last caso, ^t^^raeot^y^pf the loft field iefoct and the persistence of tho right field dofectJ^fre offset!al Interest. 443 Blood-Carbon Monoxide and Anoxemia. L. 31net, Mi^^trumxa and P. Nicolle. Comet, rend. Soc. Biol.. 133. 532-634 (1940). The carbon monoAde content of the blood may be douhlj^ when the chloralosed ucg is subjected to lowered oxygen tension. The increaaa^gpfcfcjllals the increase a blood-tmnoglobin. Both hemoglobin and carbon monoxide^ralsed by adreno_--e injection* The increase, in carbon monoxide may be Inhibf&sm^by ligature of too splenic blood vessels. 444 Factors Producing Carbon Monoxide from Camp Stoves. P.F. Scholaader and others. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 25, 132-136 (March, 1943). Experiments were conducted to find out what ciremetances promote monoxide out put fra camp stoves, including the Primus kerosene and Coleman gasoline stovos. Only a ] amount of monoxide was found in tho combustion fises when tho flame burned freely in fresh air whether the flame was normal or distorted. cold plate in contact with the fleme greatly increases tho output of monoxide, espe cially when the flans ia distorted. Cooking in a tent made of impervious mater ial or costed with lea caused serious poisoning, and occasional ventilation or tm open vents did not protact against poisoning. However, heating and cooking in a porous tent gave only an insignificant amount of monoxide in tho blood. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 19 449 Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning by Absorption Through the Skin. B.M. Has3. Mueach. Med. Sfoctu, 39, 4921499 (May 29," 1942). I German). While inhalation of hydrocyanic gas is the commonest causa of cyanide poisoning in nan, absorption through the sld.n frequently occurs. In either case the essen tial factor in the rapid toxic effect of small amounts of hydrocyanic acid is paralysis of cellular respiration, ^.concentration of 1-2JI, even when a gas naalc is worn, has caused severe syqnps, including sensation of heat, flushi: palpitation, rapid pulse, follortL^Secdacbe, vomiting and lassitude. Hi* perature and sweating iScwkso the absorptive capacity of the skin* eesurew^include.gsOTsventilation, suitable clothing, and sped where formation of hydrocyanic Les acute symptoms consists of removal t r; thorough^ ig of dlractly contaminated areas use of cardiac s Lcial respiration; intraTonous methylene blue (10 Lutlon), or of sodiia thlosulp^t 70 cc. of a 30 SOIM also stimulate the respgfct^y _ f^yodezaia o ore quoted. A cttP\V&L4 months suffering from scoived by ml^hJKlrseOTpplicatloa of a 10 potas- Leonide solut aptoms fp^owd within fire minutes, but correct idnent led to recc bpyr^^Vthe case of a man who received buns of tbs head and with aodi\m cynnlda, death occur- red within two hours in1 at# treatment in hospital. Postmortem findings indicated that ire due to rapid abeorptlon of cyanide through the injured skin. 446 Nitrogen Oxide 109. 471 (1942? % Dohlberg. Acta med. Scand!oar. Clinical _athologi cal-anatomic ladings in poisoning with vapor coatainl nitrogen oxides (Ip? NO27 N,,0. I?20) aro similar to oosgej^Qj^jMrtng. Ttwwo cases are das&bed7 \tho first case the poisoning occym^iR^na nan during v/aldlng with m?nnd signs were those of a bro ionei badly ventilated roca. examination extensive pneumonic foci were seen in both 1 ctrocardiegram revealed Insufficiency of the right coronary art hamia of short burn tioa was observed. All the symptoms and slgag7 id dli ed after seven lays. In the other case the patient suffered from poisc^inc inhalation of a reddish-yellow gas which bad been formed after & bolt of lightning. Symptoms and signs were patient; however, x-ray examination rovoalsd lung xmar had bean struck by to those found in the first rations which were oimi- lar to miliary tuberculosis. The patient recovered taly after one and a half months. It is asswod that in both ceses a tos&o sent, caused by the inhalation of various nitrogen oxld reexamined after one and a half years and one and a quart nary oedm&s was pre patients were respectively and were found healthy. 447 Relation of Sulfur Dlo^de to Decage from Flue Gases. C. Loesar. Chem-Ztg. _i5, 337-340 (1942); Bull. Inst. Paper Cham., 12> 16B. The author discusses the toxicity of sulfur dioxide to plants, animals and men. St states that 1 part in 500,000 is harmful to roses, but that bunen beings feel discomfort only at 6 times that concentration, while 1 port in 900 of air pre vents breathing and leads to death. The amounts of sulfur dioxide resulting from burning different types of coal are tabulated, end methods for rendering the gas bsxmless are discussed. Industrial Ifyglene Digest .16 448 Sulfin Dioxide Chemical Pnemionla: Report af a Casa with Recovery Following Acci dental Explosion of a Refriaerator Unit. H.L. Goldburgh and B.A. Oouley. Ann. Int. Mad., 18, 237-242 "[February, 1943). Concentrated sulfur dloxlda inhalation may lead to acuta inflammation of the res piratory tract, culminating In " chancel" pneunonia. After such exposure, a boy, aged 15, praTloualy well, quickly showed signs of bronchopulmonary involvament. Cyanosis/dyspnea were notable featuros. Sulfathlazole therapy contributed to the recovery, but its use, limited to tl cute phase of the Illness, did not prevent the Inter development of bronchi* -- Author* s stannary. 449 act of War Gasos tlon^P. Berwhh/aad g cmicals on the Byes of the Civilian Bull. N.Y. Acad, of Med., 9, Altbo tating, sternutatory and lacrlaatory^MS^ are ex pactod es, physicians must bo prepared fo&nms^uiown gases, For exempt gen, a hemolytic gas, was coniftuegfa a posslbllty clans are urged to raumbtt thm4pplying no local eye y <tt^lfss harm than using Mdramran which may damage the lnsTOntats that aro nota^Snlgj^as secondary infection is ornal applfcd^Mtagsfef the war gases. The isae- cal ME&nSr of the eyes is to flush the conjunctival culs-da ^cue solution of salt (1.4 par cent). If acid is known to sodl\a bicarbonate (2 per cent solu- tlon) should be used- conjuactlval culs-de-sac would be flushed with boric add ( Ution). The mediate instillation of light liquid petrolatum! tralndlcated only in mustard burns, Sovorc pain may bo conwlld^bj^inst pontocaine (0.5 por cent solution) or butyn (1 por cen^slualon) -opna or but it is preferable to control pain with interact nwjication (morphine tc.) as cost local anesthetics have a delotarTmmeffoct on the corses Secondary infection should be combattingrarmild silver protein ne solution or ointment (3.3 pgJSpehfcrT Iritis should be su.' severe bums and treated with Lutlon or ointment unless develops. Ulcers of the the secondary corneal sc baron may require surgical lent. Industrial Carbon Disulfide Poisoning* F. Wdnecfce. ^ f.Gewerbopath. u. Gowcrbohyg., U, 198-248 (December 31, 1941). (&$&an) The article is an oxtonalvo rovlow of tha literat^stfjia carbon disulfide poison ing with an account of tho discovery of the gas, iintroduction, chcxiical pro perties, mechanln of todc action, and a resume of*th%)author's investigation of 80 cases seen during rocont years. The nervous sy$gmis chiefly affected, owing to the lipoid solvent action of carbon disulfide a^^entral and peripheral nervous tissue. In high concentrations (6.4-10 mgs. per"I*5inarcoai3 results. In chronic poisoning (0.13 mgs, per lJ the continued soal]>dosage causes var ious symptoms, tho most characteristic of which are related to peychotlc distur bance, peripheral narve injuries and gastrointestinal changes- In America, c.:3 mgn. per 1. is the ooxlmua permissible concentration In a workroom. In the 80 caaoa studied, only 6 wero acute. In 21 cases tha symptoms were predominantly psychotic; in 13 caaoa, they were related to central and peripheral nerve injury end in 39 to gastrointestinal disturbance. Tho naturo aad severity of these sy&ytGOi ore discussed- A description is given of the method and apparatus devlsod by Frauanhofer for estimating tho carbon disulfide contont of the air. The roactlon deponds on tho fostation of potassi\m xantbogenate whan air containing carbon disulfide is passed through a lOJt alcoholic solution of caustic potash. Industrial Hygiene Digast - 17 451 "/hat the Tentilatinw Bwfltneer Should Know About Carbon Tetrachloride. H. ?. iuadland. Heat. kVent., 40,, 38-39 (March, 1943). -his article describes the physical proparti as and health hazards of carbon tetrachloride. Methods of determining the vapor concentrations in air are given. / Goneral ventilation factors are discussed but no specific recommendations are included. The Acute Toxicity of Vapors of Sevang Monoalkyl Ethers of Sthylone Glycol. H.W. Werner, W.7. vonOottingea an^t^fs. J. lad. Hyg. k Tox., 25, 137-163 (A; Glyi import |SS 'as solvents in industries, but info: conce: s incomplete and thare is not suffldc avails oopari3ons of health hazards of thesf^Wjts^ to other o ts. Therefore, this study was undes*aJcWQ& the sug- gestlon of Industrial lladlclna of the Nat^gjaB^escerch Council. The present first part of the study, whM^Hirooncemed with the effo centgsj^gm^feaf tm^noapo atoly long expoauroa of nitta tc-nirious vapor cone materials laraararat are tho methyl, othyl, MBPpVd^ iso-propy; sthylsno glyceiuenhprl. Results are given in fStfJnAhors' s iMj^revan-bour exposures of mica to vapors of sob* of coSasionally producsd lung, kidney, or liver changos. S f the compounds frequently produced histologically dcnonstral a. 2. The usual sign of toxic action of all compounds was dyap lonal common sign with near-lothnl con- cantratlons of the n-propy butyl derivatives was savers hemo- globinuria. 3. Deaths s to vapors of the solvents studied coar.only occurred be^sdbhjlei'en an^thi hours after starting exposura; however, in a simiftcwir^uiabQrCdf^tnst ^deaths occurred toward the end of the exposure pq^^PNP^etween tho first the fourth week following expo sure. 4. MisdnHQ&thal cone antrations? oxp se eg. per 1. Indicate that ethers decrease 1 xthe following order: Butyl, and ethyl, iso-propyl^, iexes Indicate that, with cq ota comparable to those in these ~ difficulty of control- sential hazards of the derivatives decrease in the folicw- 5rder: Methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, a-p Chronic Poisoning from Methanol inhalation. _ Arch.f.Gewerbepati. u.Cewarbshvg.. 10. S6B-374 (June 11, 1941). (OenfljBB^ There have been fear cases of methyl alcohol (methilrol^ poisoning from inhale:4.: or sttn absorption in industry, because the coneentf*tie&a used are generally low, and also because methanol is not highly voietils^^Ma*acute narcotic af?:ct results from oral ingestion, the toxic doaee being S-lQ^mk Toxic effects on parenchymatous and nervous tissues ore ascribed to the reQgetioa of methanol, when dissolved la the body fluids, to formic sold and fomffdtihyde. Symptoms may be headache, giddineee, stupor, slight oyanosis, etc., aid especially iis- turbancas of vision, which may result in blindness. Tbs atmospheric concentra tion corresponding to this oral toxic dose would be about 65 m^. per liter, which la unlikely to be found in industry. Tbe author describee a case of a worker poisoned by manipulating material soaked with methanol in a centrifuge. The material contained 30-40)1 of methanol, but so complaints bed been made ovor & period of 6 years until blackout measure! were instituted, la this ease, symptoms were pleural irritation and aarioue failure of vision, particularly '.z the right eye. After 6 weoks rmnoval from exposure the vision improved so :zs*. fine print could be reed at a distance of 20 cm. The pleural irritation, which was considered due to enlargmaont of the liver returned after 14 days return :o The only other pathological signs were e decreased patellar reflex and Industrial Hygiaaa Digest - 18 an increase In the average rad call dieaatar (7.3 mu). The concentrations of methyl alcohol la dlffarant parts of tha room under varying conditions showed levels of from 1.6 to 10.9 mg&. per 1. Preliminary medical examinations indicat ed that tha worker was especially susceptible to eye injury; also, -<w>ae absorp tion through tha skin may have taken place. The author concludes that concen trations of 10 mgs. per 1. may produce chronic toxic effects, and that 1 agm.or at most Z mgm. per 1. should not be exceeded. 454 entel Trinitrotoluene Poi .e Effect of Diet. H.P. Himsworth L. yna. Clinical Science, -447 ^December 15, 1942). (1 develo estetlons in rats after adninistrati: TUT i< of the diet. Severe symptoms and ou ologlc ate taking'a high fat diet whilst in^njmajji 'taking a high gh protein diet the ill effects ara-nf}g$ or absent, (2) Chi in rats shows the following featurra^TM (a) [b) increased appetite, (c) Sscr^^^ueT high concen- trations a the urine, (d) Changefc$n tM^nlood and associated tlss of which are a greatJyraeMe in hemoglobin, the "of culocytos and sal^iSrpMtio orythrocytee in the blood, tic hypcrplaSx3^f<)xs bone narrow and slderosis of^fha spleen, (o) which tfSn&tom fatty infiltration to an acuta necrosis of the' __ Xp&oes of hair. (3) Evidence is presen of the high fat diet in facilitating tho toxic action of *011 t diet so influencing the animal's meta- holism as to impede its abi^SSS^^^sp^se of the TNZ within its tissues. (4) The close reseoblan e^reects of TUT in the rat and the flnd- logs in human cases o ls jfitonstrated. -- Authors1 sumaary. 455 An Outbreak of s from Airplane Si Covers. Schwartz and S.2I. Peck. Pub. a Pts. . 58 . 625-631/^ A; 1943). The author Mrafedfize tho artlcla as outbreak of dermatitis was obsorred^ohgrworkers manufacturing covers made from a special pl^gj^n^2. H.M.7., a chomical added to prevent deterioration It, was found to be the actual ca thtfoifcbreek. 3. R.21.7. is both irritant and a sensitizer. Heo Ltloff^ade that all wrkers idling pliofilm containing the R.M.7. wear-' oves and aprons made of ordinary pliofilm, vlnyllte, koroseal or 1 lasted Cd^Ubphane. The hands may be protected by wearing finely knitted cotton or-w^s^fhlo leather gloves Per- aasoppnsrroootteenccttthiivveeejooobiinnttommfeehnnett aoot ffsttehhaeelinIinngvvciissainibbplleeroggtelloocvvteethttyyeppieer.. '~J^^f44*fr&omMtflutslaespbeyrsthiiso uasfeteor f the recormended precautions are observed, workerd should-1 bo removed from further exposure to the materiel. \D) 456 Dermatitis from Cutting Oils, Q.uerios k Minor Notes. J.Adfc^., 121. 223 (January 16, 1943). Tho largo majority of cutting oil dermatitis occurs from the insoluble oils, which are sterile as far as pathogenic bacteria are concerned. In $he use of water soluble cutting oils, tha skin may be Injured by metal slivers contained therein, and tha cut infected from the bacteria la tha watar soluble oil or on tha soiled skin end clothing* Sedimentation and filtration are used in many Plante to remove the slivers* Heat sterilization or disinfectants may be employ ed to kill the bacteria* The use of disinfectants prevents reinfection of the oil In tha pipes and at the machines, but the disadvantage In tbelr use is that they are akin irritants* Industrial fygians Digest - 19 457 Spontaneous Desensltlzation in Occupational Eczema and its Significance for 2scm. I. Koch. Med. Klin., 37, 1100 (October 31, 1941). '[Gexmanl. Followup examinations on patients with occupational eczema who had been advised to change their occupations but had not dona so, revealed that the majority were still subject to eczema but some nad lost it in spite of further contact. An average of about 1S of the patients in various occupations were no longer sub ject to eczema. Regular weokly observations on 8 patients studied disclosed two different forms of development. One group of 5 patients experienced at every resumption of work, first a consider^* exacerbation of the disorder, then a gradual regression of the manifeatfilo^l and finally a complete or almost co: ple*>4isappearance of the ocza\CJn the 3 other cases eczema occurred on $ rk was reamed. Later, the lesions he body, but in a fora so mild that tMf\wc$*ng author thinks that the only possiMabUESpenatlon presupposes specific allergic procassM&)hough play a part. Results of artificial MpB3ltlzation thod should not bo abandoned. OfurtSer observations ch any become the basls^dt more favorable results. 458 J.AJf.A., Clinical ;ed 42 with rubber respirator dezmatltls. On adrnis#! fed a bright red orythmatovesieular cutaneous eruption conf his face in close contact with the gas mask. There was a co' nic seborrheic doxaatltls of the scalp, axlllas, and the crural re, r physical abnormalities were found. Aftor treatment the and this time presentod more severe symptoms, im .prustih ^and pronounced edema. The eruption responded to tree compressing ar$ p^pplication of bland antipruritic lotions and oiimfi Patch teatflktho' ihnt the dermatitis wns not duo to the rubber latent clit to chanicels ui in .ufacturing process. laanalng Materials on t 1. Healthy Skin. O.Schnorr, SEE 30, 1940). (German). let of a nuaber of liquid and solid^sban claSneers used for cleansing the was testod by estimating: (1) the hy^wpsn i^jwliceatration of the skin, the evaporation of moisture, and (3) tho iwei^.lng'^f^he cutaneous tissues after repeated use. Tbs conditions of use were stxictly^iitrolled. Methods used in tasking tbs estimations are described. T&tf^epresintatlve cloansers wore examined and tbs results estimated as indicative injurious effect on tho skin were an increase in the pH value of tho skin, (^decrease tino of evaporation of moisture, and an Increase of swelling, fudged as a percentage difference from the initial value. The skin cleansers >e$d fell into three groups, according to the effects observed: (1) Those proQg^jpg no final substan tial Increase in tbs pE value of tho skin, which woro regard^ ss suitable for regular use; (2) Those producing a final rise in pS valus after an intermediate fall or state of equilibrium. This group is regarded as suitable for all but 3onsltlve skins; (3) Those producing on uninterrupted rise in pB valus. This group, which included a pumice soap was considered suitable only for occasional cleansing of very dirty skin. 460 Effect of Cleansing Matorlal on the sv~irt. 2. In Skin Disease. M.Schnitzier. Arch.f.Gewerbcpnth.u.Gewerbehyg.. 10 . 422-436 (December 30. 19401. (German). Many industrial dermatoses, particularly of tho bands, wrists, and forearms, re sult from direct contact with injurious materials, tbs Injury being localized in tbs epitbslivm. However, tho natural buffer-regulating capacity of the skin 13 Industrial fygieas Digest - 20 not effective in tde presence of external alkaline agents. Increased alkalinity of the skin is followed by swelling of the born cells, with dosing of the folli cles and inclusion of foreign particles and bacteria. The latter penetrate to tbe deoper tissues where the pH is nearer to neutral and favors optimal growth. Cleanliness is a protection against industrial dermatosis if the cleansing mater ial is of a suitable constitution and sufficient time is devoted to thorough, washing. The effects of cleansers on various fonts of skin disorder (excluding cases of generalized eczaaa) were tested in the seme manner and using the seme methods as thoss uand nn hnslthv Tn thm Mmnil */rH * 1 M.nl mm. volunteer produced in four days a mild eonjunctivftie* Whan this was repeated in the sane eye typical korato-conjunctivltls developed* The serw of the patient from whom the original material was obtained had a na g affect on the mouse virus* A second Isolation of virus baa bean af ut the identity of this virus with the first has not bean fully establis a la a preliminary report and further work will be done on the isolated strafiijdbf virus. 463 Eptdppie gorato-Coniunctivitis. M. Sandars and others* J.AJI.A., 121, 25C- 235 (January 23, 1943). The authors prosent an eztensivo report on epidemic kerato-conjunctlTitia, with clinical and epidemiologic data on 80 casoa, including daasification of symptoms, proof of method of transmission, demonstration of antibodies, and recoecondaticns for prevention of the spread of the disease. 464 Epidemic gerato-Conlunctlvltis: "Shipyard Eye." C. Kufc* Calif, k West. Mad., 58. 18-19. (January. 1843). The symptoms and charactariatics of epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis are listed, and Include a suddmi onset, itching, irritation, blurred vision, pain, and Industrial Hygiene Digest - 21 varying degrees 0f inflammation and hyperemia of the bulbar and palpebral con junctiva. Precautionary measures for plant physicians, nurses, and executives to prevant the spread of tha disaasa are also listed. Therapy, including iced compresses and sulfathiazole ophthalmic ointment does not influence the course of the disease, but gives symptomatic relief. It is believed that the incubation period is from 3 to 12 days, and the close contact and direct trans fer are necessary. 465 Industrial Hye Affections. ?.A. Jae Med.Hlin., 37, 1244-1247 (December 12, 1941). (GermanH This is an elementary survey of tMral eye affections, containing reforei to types that are not y '90*n. Mention is made of hydrogen sul; ophtfifiaie. sacn^aiftngst in artificial silk, tha symptoms beii to tbbgfyof^alei and of the ocular changes saan in w* th aniline may induce lesions ranging from discqBfftQ of the conjunct! ted by touching the affected area wtcant alco- hoi -- to irldocyditis. Benzine may lead&oYShtral scotomata and the itaylc eparatlons -- usad extensively vrajf) removal of fatty substaac nerve lesions. Benzoll<4^ol aSa toluol aro blood Pi Lead rati rrhage, retrobuI^^Th^sttis and severe corneal (a 466 ttmePt a* Yauwff W. licev3^scted>wiffh^efftoaplra Icterohaemoxrh*^iee with Imune_Serum. C.L. Renta.. 36. 10-15 (January 1.1943). Sanaa from patients conv s disease and immune rabbit sens end plana pravent the dei to mica infected with L.lcterohaaoorr- hagiae. The effect of t. s ia marked if administered on or before the fourth day aftor i: 467 Survey of Comno r,h Hava B*/e' irTaat&& Carcinogenic Activity. J.L. Hartwell. Nat r Institute, Pun. th Service, 371 pp. (1941). This bullet^ sents a survey of this fi< higher the action of carcindiw# on pla^(r^T^tozoa, and bacteria is not chemical carcinogenesis in the tissues, tissue cultures, litorature is covered to the compilation also includes th 153 compounds from the vlished work of Dr. M.J. Shoar and DrSt stitute. The results of tha tasting of 6%^f>the' 'ad, while 45 are new to the whole cancer litfeMwre of the National Cancer unds are newly rcccrt- ither the work com- prises data referring to 696 chemical substances: ^of , 169 are reported tc bo carcinogenic, apart from 23 observed as cauai Introductory discussion, the bulletin takes the f< ones only. After an a tabular review which classifies ths substances, and gives data on method\f ^gdainistration, type of animals, ate. Ths author draws attention to tha incoifciAtjnoss of the data fer many of ths compounds listed, and urgaa tha more syatssSt^^investigation of compounds already studied In a preliminary fashion, and filling cf large gaps among substances which it would seem desirable to tes^^Ths review is cca pletod by a bibliography (over 1200 referaneas), and separate indexes to cocpo ucc routes of application, vehicles, species, and tunor-aitee. 46B Industrial Toxins and War Production. H.N. Holmes. Science, 96, 304 (1942). Tho author contributes evidence from Germany, Britain, and tbs United States Indicating that toluene, benzene, and BIT itself destroy vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in tbs bodies of workmen exposed to vapors or to skin contact. Some erganlzatlons giro such worlo&an 100 mgs. of ntamla C dally to replace what is lost, and ths results have been encouraging in maintaining health and vigor. Industrial Eygiene Digest . 22 *69 Fatal Accldant from Welding In a Closed Cooker. P. Felsch. Z. Spirltusind., 63, 253 (1940). (GexmanT" ~ The welding of a copper pip* to a sheet-copper cooker (2m. z 4 a.) resulted la the death from pulmonary edema of the vrerkman, who had spent soae 40 alnutes (with a break occasioned by a fit of coughing) inside the cooker; the edema be ing due apparently to nitrous poisoning. Precautions are discussed. 470 Metal Weldors1 Disease in a Crane-Driver. H. Waniak. Arch.f.Gewerbepath.u. Cfcwcrbehyg.. 11. 179-134 (Decambor^t 1941). (German). The author has previously descrUnM^Mtcl welders' disoase"' as a chronic dij turbce of thyroid and liver ftfiralon. He here reports a case of this cc tU^ln a cranjfxdriver, Aed to the fumes and gases arising from thj proems^ in aci#3hop wMTOyie had been operating the crane for sove^l is. itta fid dysfunction Included nervous ezeos- Tight, falling of the hair, rapid p .e tremor cf j^urbance was shown by loss of appet a and sick- Bauer's galactose test gave of disturbed 471 ters Si set to Cion of Visual __ 0 at_ Work? H.S. Kuhn and e, Jr. 26, 63-6a 19431. 17.0ns welders Bio-p for speed of dark adapta- tion before and aft _ nlna were on the day shift, 22 on the night shift, each received 10,000 units of vitemin A before starting work ddle of the shift. The other welders received a placebo at is no evidence of a general lack cf dark adaptability emo and vldance of any decrement in this func- tion during an eighty wfao received vitamin A showed no great- er gain in dark adi lan^tfcose id not receive it. This should not be interpreted^^I that cases A deficiency would not respond to such trQatmgntV^pfr that these weldg^ wo1 t respond with longer treatment or undogeuMuwnt conditions. Indlvidya. ^ oncea in age, domicile, type cf 'veldid2^^og^los, end food showed noC^f^ation- inferences in gain or loss cf sandvc^aark adaptation during on eigtftiJieur m Welders on the night 3hift a significant average gain in dd iptatxox during their >rk. This is buted to a greater demand for dark ad^atloS?j ng periods when they were t actually welding. Several inf erencos from this fact toward possible improvement of visual eaae in weldiig by t `thkh visual engineering :n this field. The clinical conclusion is that theopxeeSftva number of complaints among weldera is due to inadequato protective eqtjt^tent or careleseness in its use. -- Authors' summary. ^ zi) 472 Chronic Pulmonary Change* n<t Bronchial Ulceration ikj^atf^Hoctrlc Arc '.Veldar. 3.5. Naver. J.A.M.AT7119. 1500 (August 29. 1942). eg) " Since 1936 there have been several reports in the lltorfcf^m of roentgenegr^; -: pulmonary change* in electric arc welders. The roentganogyaphic abnormali v. :s, discovered by surveys on apparently healthy workers, ranged from increased shadow* to a generalized fins or nodular mottling simulating silicosis. The workers had no symptoms and were not disabled in axqr way. Thera was a histcry of long exposure to the products of are welding, usually 13 years or more. roontgonographic changes ware apparently produced simply by the accumulaticn . . iron piffwnt. Fimas arising from coated rode are largely inorganic materia, :cn- sistlng of finely divided iron oxide. The author reporta the case of a tnir-7 year old white man, an are waldtr for 7 years, admitted to ths hospital vita cough, sputum and dyspnoea. The admission roentgenogram showed multipi 0 lie* and nodular densities traversing ths middle third of tha right lung from the Industrial fygltn* Digest - 23 root out to the periphery. There vms also some exaggeration of the linear mark ings of the left lung. The tentative diagnosis, on admission, was bronchogenic carcinoma with lymphangittc spread. Bronchoscopy revealed a considerable amount of purulent material in the lower part of the trachea. There was an ulcerated granulating lesion in the right main bronchus just below the tracheal bifurca tion; a large amount of nonfoul purulent secretion was seen distal to this lesion Sections of this granulation tissue, removed by biopsy, showed nonspecific in flammatory changes with large masses of iron plgaent scattered about. Removal of the granulation tissue and repeategjjbronchoscopic dilation of the loft main bronchus gradually secured satisfaewf^taymptomatic relief and healing, of the ulcgrMed area. Bronchial lesiomf^wcompanying chronic pulmonary changes eled^s$s arc wolcfrrs have gsriRteezy^revlously reported. The mechanism wfc these %]^chieJ^chii)nges sdfcrdSnnbduced is not clear. 473 Blood Pi Blood coun cyclotrons show no 3T exposure ition. The pre Workers. Warren. Radiology., .1942). in tests on persons exposed to slijhtrgjadjjrtioa from dioactive Isotopes, for periodrToi. 30 months, ns that are not explaine^hy i|^rcurrent disease, r variation in the count. Some persons wn by markod vamRiJ^f in white cell counts on should nog^^r&Aftiero they are exposed to eLotroa workers appear adequate. 474 Toxicity Studlee with ,-chloro-pcra-benzoquiaone (Spergon). T.H. McGevack and others x., 23, $8-111 (March, 1943). A fungicide under the trad n consists of 99Jt tetra-chloro-para- bonzoquinone and 1% hater t has such a high fungicidal activity that it is now in usa for-t reservation of cotton and other seed, An extensive investi^hM was uujl&ttak detamine the extent to whloh it may be intoxic^erag^^ those who handle i to thoae who utilize materials preserved wfc4fc^@*In the experiaeatS'^Spc s administered by stomach tube, intrape: subcutoneoualy, axt^ weighed portion of the diet, and haeed-impregnated product^' resulte of the effect of ntrations are reported, incl ,t 0.4 g. orally or 0.05 g. toneally and fatal results foil eating^.004 g. daily for 10 weeks Ceding mixtures. However, in every e: tudt*Nthe quantities producing Shy damage were far in excess of those that be^&lMhtod, even if all the agent were retained during handling and preparation fo^constsaption, which would cot use above 0.2. Such a dose is tolerated foe4png piriode by healthy ani mals without dotrlmeat to normal growth or actlvi^js*^ The chemical can therefore bo used as a protectant for cotton and othar seed wltfcut danger of intojd.catias those who handle it or those who consume the productS'pteserved by it. 475 Toxic Anemia. E. Browning. J.Ind.Hyg.lt Tox., 23, 124-l3^^March, 1943). Tho author discusses toxic anemias that result from expoavtrfL^ benzene, xylene, carbon tetrachloride, solvent naphtha, trlchlorethyleae, mixed solvents and thimars, and radioactive substances, with special reference to the 1937 Factor ies Act of Great Britain and later amendments, which includes aumia from these sources in the compensable diseases. Thorfe forms of anemia are all of the type now known as "dyshaatopoiotic'T; and loukoponia (lack of white cells) and lympho cytosis (excess of lymph cells) are present to Taxylng degrees. Blood counts and ratios for several of tho poisons ore presented in tabular form and several cases are described. 476 Influence of Work on Physiological Reactions to Thermal Environment. C.2.A. Winslow and A.P. Gagge. Amer.J.Physiol., 134 . 664-681 (1941). Two undressed nan pedalled on a stationary bicycle so as to increase their meta bolism to over 300 kg.-cal. par hour. The results were coopered with those in Industrial gjrgiena Digest - 24 the subjects at rest in a semi-reclining position (metabolism 80-100 kg.-cal). Radiation area is the same as in the resting subject (70% of the surface area). Convection constant on the stationery bicycle at rest is 20% less than at rest reclining. PedaDlng at a rate of 30 revolutions per minute greatly increases the convection constant, equivalent in cooling power to an air movement of 30-40 cm. per second. Evaporative regulation in the working subject is so effective that skin temperature Is constant actually being lowor at a given operative tem perature for the marking than the rsKUK body. With Increasing metabolism at a. givOTjvoperativo temperature skinc^wtemature of the trunk falls. Rectal tempi atttt^MBlses under working cooiLtio^K Internal temperature not skin tampers conttg^^the swbart secxatJ^NmMhanisB. Thermal sensation of pleasantngj^ produca^ip. thejro^l^c:^nl^x (metabolism 300-400 kg.-cal.) at opexrcNVe^ pcraturd^S the resting subject, Maximum coB^t^ia exper ienced at 29 below the point whore active swgatsaeretioa begins. 477 ctlon to Tropical Climated D.sn. Leo. Daiv. rape: " slol., 1, 1-86 U ^ from convection, and evaporation isolated to c s In heat production by tho body. The consoi heat loss are discussed in da tail. The extent to ta the cardio-vascular and other systs can compensate ce is demonstrated, and the signs of breakdown in these compc are described. The effects of food and of work on thermal rt played by the endocrine glands in maintaining this Disturbances of the water and electrolyte balance conditions that interfere with heat loss. Whe: _ 1th heat loss fails, the rosult- ing crisis najr form of hyp<*rpyraxis. rculatory insufficiency, electrc- lyte distjfftiSm^tr hyperdehydraattiiaonfJ/ The^~ ogical factors relating to each form together with the a al signs and the development of xJ^US&Hzatlon to heat, are disc section is devoted to clima- 5rs and their assessment in comfort and body reactions. rsiological Aspect of a Miner13 Work. K.Ii. Moss. Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., 100, 141-151 (1941). ^ The oxygen expenditure of walking at 3 n.p.h. was0*aasu3&p in several subjects when, erect, at a half-stoop, at full-stoop, and off^ll-foura. The oxygen consisp- tion of a 2 mlnuta axarclsa period and of recov"eejry^tfpthe original resting level was very much increased by tho stooping posture1,, thaMgK&cndlture on all-fours oe- ing more than three times that in tbs oraet poatura. made during loading weights under a roof of varying he: ar comparisons -are any posture that re- qnlred the use of the bade muscles mcreaisd oxygta cons' on. In all tests training diminished the oxygen consumption. Environment .perature had no influence on the mechanical efficiency of ergomatar work* 479 Sefisatlons of Heat and Moisture. C.P. Crowden and V.T. Laa* Chinese I. Physiol.. 15. 475-483 (1940). An arbitrary scale was fixed for sansatlons of tmperature and moisture. Tem perature sensations ware correlated with dry-bulb temperature, moisture sensa tions with relative humidity and sunoated indicaa for the two with the "total heat of the air" as used. In air-conditioning. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 Methods of Detection and Determination 480 Electron Microscopy on Asbestos Dust __on L^ ung_s__i_n__A__s_b_e_s_t_o_s_l_s. J. Kuahn. Arch.f.Gewerbepath., 10. 473 (April 1942iT).Tr(cGerman). The aAhor reports same aicrosco es of asbestos and of lungs of asbes-, tosirroctlns for^the purpose_of ning what variety of asbestos is res tblofgx^ftsbes j (JErystolite) asbestos is the form gene; usod, a t would be found In lungs with asbestos Sundius however, that only hornblende asbesteal^^^r aemon- strable i that serpentine dust is decomposedg& the tis- sues. Tho electron microscope to study th4Loxm^e{ze and structure in free dust and as found in tnTerafs. It is usual- ly easy forffis under the electsprihsldwncope, the serpen- tine ed, clear and t&araa'ept, *d hornblende rigid kr in diem examlnatlog^^nhe^particles from 3 lungs did Lcate cloarl; ~ henphotomicroscopic determina- tiotf of the refractio dius and Bygden, was then m- ployed. That method 'asbestos needles isolated from the lungs were of the horobl concluded that serpentine asbestos is decomposed in the lungs .tlal cause of fibrosis. When asbestosls lungs are aacerated with ni tnd^hydrogei n peroxide, both free asbestos needles and asbestosls u <ts$$. HSooxrnblende asbestos shows no signs of decomposition by free needles or on the asbostc- sis bodies. 273. The nation of Lead ly^Bone _ 2). (German). phic method, which is ____^ unts of material, simpler pro! action of the polarigraph. Weinig. Z.Physiol. Cham., s the advantages of ~se o1 ent of the bone ash, and Siochemistry of Silicic Acid. IX. Isolation w~^avdsnt^CciPtloa of Minerals :n Lung Residues and Alr-Borae Dusts from Coal Mines.? G. sagdlactPldt and .1. King. Blochem. J., 33, 132-158 (1941). The lsolatloa of mineral residues from lungs by df^ettloa with hydrogen peraxide, and removal of carbon from these residues and from air-boras dusts by heating to 380C are described. The minerals in tho realdues^hro^then identified by x-ray diffraction methods. Data are presented for the ^OnaFtltueota present m lung rosldue and a mine dust; tho main components* are quga^and a member of each of the mica and kaolin groups. 483 A New Method for the Determination of Free Silica in Industrial Dusts, a. Salazar and L. Silverman. J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox.. 23. 139-148 (April, 1943). The authors describe a new method for free silica determination, in which the dust sample is first passed directly through a controlled flame, fusing practi cally all particles axcopt those of silica. The fused sample is than collected by an electrostatic procipitator and raoovad to a microscope slide for analysis. The method can be applied to air-bora# or rafter dust samples. The amount of free silica is determined by a diroct corat of the fused and unfuaed particles. Possible interfering materials are refractories and those which decrepitate at high temperatures. Theta interferences are sot very cosmon and when present may Industrial Hygiene Digest - 26 be Identified by their optical characteristics. The detexmlnatlon can be carried out on each microscopic field so that possible particle size variation in trans ferring fields is eliminated. The method can also be used with the standard petrographic technique, reducing the number of particles to be identified if soveral refractory materials are present with fusible material. -- Author's summary. ^0) 484 A Portable Electrostatic Precipitator, W.L. Lea. I.Ind.fyg. & Toz. 156 (April, 1943T A p^^able precipitator is descorfhtt. ihPwhlch the sampling head and blower sagafhta from the self-contained supply. This construction arrange gltSr^tJM utmo^freedomof^miMement during sampling, so that the opens follo#^*kmett w^btatfa^Scppiea accurately representing their inhaireibh^The prociplwdtbr anyi^e^Bpar^eith little effort since all parts wlttf^M^zceptlon of the iqtp&ng the high voltage condenser are standard pQrs. The con- structlon^kjiftf^Av^hnd typical data obtained are prese 485 Doteittii Lll >Nitrate Eaters: A Coloi athod. H. Yagoda. Ind.W sem. _ _ 27i [anuary, 1943). letric met ,for\ letaxmlnation nitrate esters is das- cflhe<r, basod on t! 3f tho es sulfuric acid and the ni- tration of m-zyleno. he &acdid>]^CbhH^ld. The method haa been applied to nitroglycerine, e: pentaerythrltol totranitrate over a range of 3.0 to 0.0Q Th4&j^ijS&fenol is readily volatilized by a stoam- distillation which perml tlon of the method to complex systems. The reaction proceeds in stol rtlons, so that the quantity of ester present can be evsluat taSjjducu nitrate standard. -- Author' 3 summary. 486 Diethylamlnoeth bageaufor thg/^etoction and Colorimetric Petormina- tion of Saall __f__'I_r_in__lt_r_o_t_o_h_a_e_no in Air. 7.EL Goldman and D.2. Rushing. .lad.Hyg. (April, 19431^ A mctho^wx^rtinatlng the concent of42* the air is described in ie- tall^?<^eoauthorsl svssoary follows: c method has been devised timatlon of HIT based on the noothanol as a reagent s compound. The color produced i We hope to publish a d soon for dinitrotoluol and for tet use of this same rc- 5geat." 487 Determination of Ptsalaants. XI. Determination oi >rohydrocarbons in Air by P.oactlon in Monoethaaola>m w- XTX. Detoxminatloa ftfehylene Dlchloride and Di- chloroetbnrlene. Analysis of Mixtures. XIII Determination of Chlorohydrocarbons by Thoimal Decomposition. 7.P.W. Wiateringhiiu J.Soe^Chma.Ind.. 61. 136-132 (1942); Ch^TAhStS., 27, 1950-1951 (April 20, 1943). These papers constitute the continuation of a series onMH4etermlnation of fumigants (many of which are also industrial eontmnlnants^^Tha methods are long, and the original or the Chemical Abstracts reference Should be consulted for details. 488 A Modification of the Silica Gel Method for the Determination of Atmospheric Qgffrtu Solvent Vapors. L.V. Cralley~and others. J.Ind.gva. fcTox.. 25. 172- 174 (April, 1943). Silica gel has bean used in the detexmlnatlon of benzene and other organic sub stances in air, but the method bee boon used only gravlmctrlcelly. Tho authors describe e modified method in which the organic vapor is adsorbod by silica gel and than rmoved from the gal by a second solvent which will not cause subsequent interference. The Mount of the substance sought is tbea determined by any Industrial Urgiene Digest - 27 eeeaptad method of quantitative chemical analysis. The authors applied it to the detaimination of carbon tetrachloride, which they removed from the gel by ethyl alcohol and decomposed by alcoholic potassium hydroxide. The chloride formed was then determined vol\jnetrlcally. Additional studies are in progress to ascertain the applicability of the method to the estimation of other organic solvent vapors. 489 43). 5n of health by system. The latest 10 pages of illustraBureau of Mines, 490 A Practical Housekeep 3.0. Oyktor. Am.J.of Pub. Health, 33, 537-560 (1 The author thinks that hen a ccnaittee, should be appointed to carry out a good houseke ,a larger plants the safety director or engineer is the perso: ar plants not possessing the ser- vices of such a ems best fitted for the job of supervisor. M&negi gives the supc .uthorlty to incur expense for fir tures and add^Qa jor. Suggest^dut ths supervisor are:--to consult id labor to inprovewrodu onflow, plant traffic, and stor- ago of>4, ^^iquijsient; to ascertaihSstqie al regulations concerning sanUJmM i to work out a plan with thi tenandC^an to keep equipment m see; to provide janitor with itaai regular cleaning of the interior; to establish a routine fo ersonal inspection of plant. How to Design Br>wuat goods. J.M. DallaValle. 3$b). fcVSat., 40, (March, 1343). This 13 the first in a series of articles which vdJ^appoar in H&AlXiC AiTO 7H~ - LATINO during 1943. They are reprinted from a privately printed monograph union was reviewed by the abstractor in this Digest, ifevemblxu; 1939 under the title "Principles of Sxheust Hood Design." 8L 492 Ventilation and Besting nt liuM time Commission Shins. J.lfe^Lrkert. Heat, u Tent., 40, 32-97 (February, 1943). ^ This is an excellent and thorough article describing tbs ventilation and heat.ng of merchant ships. All phases of the problem era discussed. The number of u: changes for various ship sections is given and methods of sir distribution ire shown. The article is wall illustrated with photographs of actual installations. Special conditions required for dry cargo bolds are described. 493 Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone as Aarial Disinfectant*, W.f. Coblentz. atcu. Phys. Therapy. 23. 709-711~]Decamber, 1942). After a concise review of the literature, the author concludes that "the use ;f ultraviolet radiation and ozone as dislnfactants is not justified andthat if net used intelligently these two germicides may cause serious Injury to ths occupants of places undergoing disinfection. " Industrial hygiene Digest - 28 494 '.VcrshlP Ventilating, Heating and Air Conditioning. T.H. Urdahl and W.c. Whittle sey. Heat., Pip., k Air Cond., 15^ 105-110, (February, 1943). Progress in warship construction can only be nxada by providing oora punch par pound, and a naval engineer should strive to develop lighter, simpler, and more foolproof methods to accomplish this end. Conventional practices should be con* tinually analyzed from the functional standpoint and revised wherever commensur ate savings in weight or space are possible, or where dependability can be im proved. Ventilating engineers are urged to cooperate in giving technical service regarding Naval construction. 493 tlvo Methods for the Prov n of Industrial Dermatoses. te J^^f^led., 4 3-1328 (August 15, 1942). ;i$g lost from work because of occupations, oses e of ccupational disease, Dr. Schwartz ou; toctivo nethodsxjep^haj These include pre-employment ons, effi- clent van the use of protective dothi octlve oint- monts, iness. Different typos of clothing and tho valier>2fVWLeBsare Lly discussed, end out that not only thi^i^hg,^f the !, and even the should be cleaned daily. Lrements fj x-irritating Sers are listed. The arti- includes wit; ,of proteq enta, listing six general cirdssoe, and the oac. 496 gllJUwaion nt flea Hag* fratmant Plants. Pacific Plush-Tank Co., Water Works and Sewage,' 63-467 (1941). The collection and utillJ gas are attended by the risk of explo sion end the dgnger it the poisonous properties of the gas. Operators are. uate design of control rooms, -which should bo at groj and ventilated by forced draught, Detailed desigti&ef'^^glven. mains are unreliable and should not bo usedAuT^4alue of flame trgptf is and suitable designs arc illust >urces of ignition must^be ed as far as possible, e.g., by explosion-proof electricity non-sparking tools. Gas ncreasos explosion risks, and^ which may warrant stcr- the most suitable types of gasho' sed. It is essential to ntain a positive gas pressure throughout#!* pi all times, and means 'or minimizing pressure losses are described^))4'* 497 Effect of a Vacuum on Destruction of Bactorla byjfrjpmalcldaa. A.J. Salle and U. Sorzenovaky. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, k Med.. 3fr; 8-]16 "(May. 1942). Cultures of eight species of baetdria were dried oiM/gtKaae slides .or o.n co.tton. placed in plugged tubes, and exposed to formaldetyde^jjikpgenerated in a closed chamber by the edditloa of commercial formalin to potassium permanganate, hen the air in the chamber was at atmospheric pressure the i^n^objects were in no case disinfected la 1 hour, and five of the eight specied^jp bacteria survived for 2 hours. When the chamber was evacuated to 29 in. of mercury before gener ating the same snouat of gas (which raised the pressure la the chamber to 28 in.) only two bacteria survived for 5 minutes and none for 25. It is considered that tho only action of an initial vacuum is to cause penetration. A vacuum has no effact on tha action of liquid germicides. 498 Tho jjkploymeat of Dlslnfoctants in Droplet and Mist Form. H. ELiewe. Zent.f. Bakt.I.Abt. Prig.. 148. 3B8-393 (March 26. 1942K The author has embarked on a disinfection study end the elementary conclusions which ha roachoe are already familiar in this country. Se sprayed a saline sus pension of Chr. prodiglosua into a vessel of 23 liters capacity or into a small Industrial fyglene Digest - 29 closed room, and enumerated colonies in agar plates exposed at intervals after introducing a disinfectant by means of three different sprays, giving particles of different sizes. Experiments were done to show that the effects observed were due neither to disinfection on the surface of the culture nor to the mere carrying down of bacteria-ladcn particles from the atmosphere. He concludes that a disinfectant may be far more effective in air than in water, that rela tive efficacy in the two media varies from one dsinfectant to another, that fine droplets are more efficient than congee, and that measures which will disinfect the^ir of a room will not nocessasflfr disinfect objects in: it, particularly fames or other irregular surf^SU. c>?te believes also that the chemical fatten of airAs a practical po^reility, applicable with advantage to ing"thsdtresP)to roatps^sM for infectious cases. Whereas lysol n his ^ra^ments'^itvig^lMsa out that something less toxic is nec practlo^, p^rpoSea^^fm^S^raying Inhabited rooms, one trial of<d8wfcpparent- ly prevc^mT of chlckenpcz among children, he use^^aNfesorcin prepar ation. " 439 The Problem of Absenteeism Labor and National Service. Leaflet P.L. 106 London (1942). Continuous and offectiva.^^be^fn mu0be given to the problem of absenteeism in war factories. Dl{ffwl$*es^m eSLfgrtrcng the provisions of the Essential ?fork Orders in the/gfcScfff absknew* froih^toji or persistent lateness are pointed cut. Two classrt qOftsences are diecussed^^)those due to "facts" and those caused priMrfp\by*foelings." In~t!ho firsx^blaas, causes of absences are sickness. ^etdedt, shopping diffidub^Hes, Imoy^oquircaeats, fatigue due to long ^d^\Q long journeys. An exS^lec\Cf tftrsjcond class is found in the cars in a permanently black^Nxtt fdC^wcrwbD feel depressed owing 'of sunlight and the apparent la^SMM^rop&ltqatilatioa, due to tho ab- of air aovmaent. Lack of interest i^the jof-^& a lack of conviction Its urgency is a cause of absence which <^<fUctl6^ppmmlttees should be able to help. An attack on psychological causos of ahssnta&^fe is the greatest sin gle contribution that can be made to a solutiottrjhf tho^problem. A redistribu tion of work, or of the.labor force, should be Considered so that those who_ need special working hours would not disturb the wenLpf others. Appendix - gives a form for the keeping of absented* records' 'and) Appendix II gives sugges tions for "follow-up" action on these records. 500 A Study of the Effect of Fixed-Pace Work Upon Health. G<^)rurn*r. Canad. rub. Health J.. 34. 68-73 (February. 1943). u? Tha paper sumaarizes tbs first unbiased and systematic study of the chronic effects of fixed-pace work of the conveyor-belt type upon human efficiency and health. The investigation was basad upon a study of production and illness records of 1033 employaoa in three plants. The investigation disclosed that fixod-pace work it detrimental to health and contributes to work dissatisfaction and strained relationships between aployer and worker. The investigator sug gests: (1) more csroful choice of suitable employees for fixed-pace work; (2) regular rest periods in order to decrease fatigue, break monotony and inspect machinery, and (3) variation of machine speeds in accordance with human fatigue curves- Industrial Hygiene Digest - 30 501 The ProblM of fuBetinwai Disease aa Seen in Industry. D.Z. Bell* Canad. lied. Assoc. J*. 46. 108-110 (February. 1943). The paper indicates the importance of psycho neurosis as a problu to ha faced in industrial medicine. The author believes that the factor of compensation is more important than that of trauma in neurotic casos. Many physicians treat the injury without consideration of the functional disability that ensues. Laymen, however, are in complete readiness to accept functional disability without ques tion. The solution of the problem in the education of both the laity and tbs medical profosslon in tho of states of functional disability, in- citing their existence, facto hie to their development and means contracting fffph factors 502 Medici I. Phy; Proupon Indus' of the and P ry. Their function and Scope. Vf.N. Li 20 (July-August, 1942). (British). are considered, often of young ptfMoh^ataring Suggestions aro given concerMlngakkfc appointments dosirability of the use of ti^l^uL methods by doctors anco of glrisg instruction and counsel to the re* his relation and his employer. 503 Pbyic Hew Sag. X. of Med, ,929^5 1941). X.J. Bloomfield. The private physician th problmu of industrial hyglane, as only one third of Ai any medical service at tha plant proper, although industrial ncreaslng.rapidly. A cut of only lojt in the nearly 400,0 lost to industry through disability w>uld be a worthwhile, Loci dical organizations could form ccm- mlttees on ii ` .hygiene, wi private practitioners should cooperate. ( } of these "ccnmltte ;ht include: (1) training of ?hy3i- clans to re$< d report, immedl^el pational diseases; (2) pre-employ- ment and ora si cal examinettjj4K> (3 obtaining of detailed ccc-upa- tional-Mifl^i stories. ^s , 'x^>, Cration of Case rinding in Indus Calif. & Vest.-ai. Supb.. 57. 51 (July. 1942) ^ is Alameda County Association did fluorosco^j nations of 5,ill adult persons employed In industry,, end made Thrther as in 120 persons, 76 persons (1.4I0) tuberculosis or other disaase^jwere d; active pulmonary -tuberculosis was preaest in 27 parsons. The totlir^dft.et of the examination vm $2,36B.18 or 42 cents per person. Tho cost of disordering each of the 7 5 per sons needing medical attention was $31.16; the cost"Offinding each caso of active tuberculosis was $87.71. r^P) 505 Tuberculous Problems In Industry. W.F. Shopperd. CalifTdfast. Mad., .Cere. Supp.. 57. 48 (July. 1942). Tuberculosis has increased in tho natlone which are at war. Contributing factors are: food shortage, overcrowding, Inadequate medical and health facilities, increased work. Ways in which industry con help in the control of tuberculosis are: fixing the length of the working hours; refusing to hire lnsxperionced help comprising, people of an age particularly susceptible to tuberculosis; in creasing health safeguards and providing for locating early cases. Necessary health safeguards for industry are: pre-employment and periodic health examin ations; compliance with tho highest standards for ventilation, lighting and san itation; dispensary and first aid rooms; health education; responaibillty of foremen; personal and domestic hygiene; plant cafeterias; rest periods; rotation on night shifts; prevention of sllico-tuberculoals. Industrial Hrglen# Digest - 31 306 Some Reflections on the Tuberculous in Industry. B. Mann. Tubercle, 23, 72-75 (March, 1942)7 Attention is celled to what the author considers an inconsistency in a scheme suggested in e circular recently issued by the Ministry of Labor and National Service. The employment of sputum negative end qulescont cases is proposod, while "the vast bulk of usefully employable tuberculous subjects - tho 'middle case' with a positive sputum - is entirely omitted from consideration". Al though there is a strong prejudice aByyg both employers and employees against admitting tuberculous persons into <dfirustry, there is nothing in the existing method of labor racrulUnent to gfedjhinst the entry of unrecognized sput Lve caaea.^ They may tege ban)passed by the factory surgeon, or thgy* no med&feal eila@a at all. A contrast is pointed out bel Id dissmsiination of the tubercle bacl^VNl^lhe Navy hkt^Lr For ,ty in allowing increasing nxaber^^vhmective norkersNtt^nss, tops of Britain. The author sujmostira plan of part-tlmS\<qBnIjf> lerculous, similar to that ugpdyM^th# case of married urnm^M . imply a low standard of lSBQhgrunleas earnings wero sub^T&SHu t scale dependent on mdmLodrc^reassessment of work- infective cases in spa spa or te canteen, hostel and facilitl ant that previous history of^tuborculosls she cases of persons entering Indus- try, such informs subjects' Interests. Mass radio- graphy should help to and non-infeotlve cases, so as to limit the dissemination industry. 507 Industrial Health and New Eng. J.of Med., 227, 209-21 6 (August 6, 1942). Tho author stres act that non- local diseases account for the majority of bat to industry. nea tho function of industrial medicine 'the major healtl^Jwi on industrial health program: (1) pre which involv !3 rout: working conditions and a saf i; (2) health education; mt and subsequent physical ns; (4) medical and surgical cations of the industrial an arc: thorough medical experle: ending of industrial rela- knowledge of job analysis and many A brief discussion problems of fatigue end malnutrition is given. A series graphs, based on tho data on onploycea two^argd^dipanies, are concerned with the effect of the tax and age of the workthe duration of tho illness on diagnosis. Others show the relation of poriodahbtf*p absence to the several days of the weak. The feet that absence* begin an&sesd most often on Monday seems to indicate a psychological problem. 508 Health Servloee in Industry. Industrial Welfare Soe. (myography) London: 14, Hobart Place, S.W.l. 60 pp. (1942). The article strosaea the need for health service in industry and deplores the fact that there wore in Tune, 1942 only 150 full time end 550 part time doctors employed in mx&ition. factories. Benefit* of health service are listed. Require ments for starting a works' health sorvlee are explained: a whole time doctor is needed where more than 1000 are aiployod; a woman doctor should be engaged where women are maployed. Small plants, with loss than 250 vorkars should conbins to sngago a doctor to sarva sevaral or should aploy part tlas doctors to attend at regular, hours. The suggested organization la similar to that reccmmandad in tha United States and actually sat up in naay establishments. The publication is recommended aa being railable and up-to-date -- in fact it is a valuable ccmpeadiia of infozvatlon such aa any one undertelCLng or engaged upon health work in industry wants* Industrial Sygiene Digest - 32 509 Successful Physical and Medicinal Traataant of Severe Carbon Monoxide Encaphn_ tis. Report on the Use of Pervltinl H.G, Scholtz sad K. luschneld. Dout. lied. Woch.. 67. 1382-1385 (December 19. L941). (Geraan). Details are given of treatment with pervitin, combined with physical therapy, in a case of encephalitis, following carbon monoxide poisoning. The dosage was in creased from 3 mgs. per day to IS mgs. and was then reduced as bodily and mental activity increased, until, after a period of five months the administration of Porvitin and scopolamine bromide, had been added later in the course of the treataent, was discontinued ill effects* Ths special value of Pei tl^klles in its power to arous lent from- his mental torpor, to rest; bihtGapfifldence ih ultimate ^aepovi end to socure his participation in thor 510 The Earf reatment of Shook. By the Coomittee and Associate Committee on Medical Rese 'ti oriel Coned. M.A. J., iBj 196-205 943). artij son account of ths great 'issue injuries, ored in industrial ry or neurogenic loom Rhode in that tho appear more quickly and rate is former. In. shock, successful treat- spends upon n of trr ^ ^ tha condition, and in all sfirloua wounds, b '"one. shock should be anticipated, General principles of ti^efibment < st of hemorrhage, 12) Closure of wounds of chest, (3) Po sltlon, (4) Relief of pain by morphine, (5) Prevention of further nservation of body bant, (7) Early res- toration and maintenance (8) Control of dehydration by edminis- tratlon of isotonic sg^ (travenously, (9) Promotion of comfort and confidence, (I04rfbr^ohtio unit. Burn shock is briefly discussed. Plagin(igflb contlnui and hematocrit readings should be token contjmttoplyr Serna transfusion only adequate treatment. In the crush dvrogjpression syndrome rv ' ucntly complicates shock, Early <ana^gR`etioa of alkali may il failure, and pressure band- relieve the syndrome. Aneat in shock should be by or ether, nevor spinal. T: mted by three ices: The administration of dried aids to Intravenous Inistratlon of fluids; and reactions cn us infusions. A bibliography is obtainable on request. Syphilis in Industry. B.A. Nelson. Aa.J .Syph. * Tan.Dia., 27. 73-77 (January, 19491. Ths author explains against the prejudiced and mlsii syphilis, especially ths algaiflcancs of ths blood tei tho disoass if co--uni cable at all timsa when a positive is prevalent, and lta results are soen in industry as in' public in regard ro false belief that tsst is found, fields. A pcsi- tive blood tost frequently excludes able men from pioynatt. It has been shown that s syphilitic worker is fully as efficient as his non-syphilitic brother, provided ha does not have cardiovascular or nsurazls involvement. The decision is thus left in the hende of an intelligent physician. Ths author urges that public ignoranoe he attacked first through industry, by allowing tho physician instead of the uninformed layman to determine the medical policy. 512 Relationship of Disease and Weather. H. KreloaS Beat. 4 7ant., 40, 61-66 (Pebruary, 1943). This artlola describee the air conditioned room recently Installed at Northwes tern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois. The teohnloal details of tho installation are illustrated and dlaouesad. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 33 513 Which Jobs for YoTMg *? U.S. Dept. of Labor, Children's Bureau. 5 pamph- lata, 4-3 pp. aae:h ((<October, 1942-February, 1943). Pamphlet No.l, "Saployment of Young Workers in War Industries," introduces the series. The keynote is found in the statosient printed on the title page of each pamphlet: "The young worker of today is the skilled worker of tomorrow -- Pro- toct him from injury." The separata leaflets doal with the accident and health hazards in shipbuilding, in employment involving exposure to carbon disulfide, in lead and load-using industries, andyiln employment where chlorinated solvents are ^aed. In connection with eacht$SI of oaployment, kinds of work in which . worimts under 18 years of ago shcriQ&aM should not bo waployad aro listed. vuue^of high school training^.s^^Mgnized by some industriea who wish to ore they can be developed into skillod outstrips rers or in dead end jobs. Szlsting BtfSSr^nnd n provides such guidance, and legal gt^onpe, where y observed. Tho standards developed AJMiK&bild^en, s general in their application and m&uEKfee regarded as tact young workers during this(muftperiod. (Copies 514 e on National Office, 1942. 24pp The report is the for women osployed factories. It 1; datlons found in which have boon rt from the Select Comndon: H.M. Stationery he welfare and medical arrangciants lories end other government assisted led and ambodiea featurea and reccomen- d in the Unitod States, several of the Industrial Qyglens Digest. 515 Nutrition in ,d. Pub. Health J., 33. 571-574 (Decembor, lti .. _ An assent: a in tho produetto ttrial is the canteen or restaur- ant Ictive, nutritious s are served. These coals od rofrdslmaat are inpo; combatting fatigue, increas- iency and improving the health n the plant discussed a dlotitlaa is in charge. Tho a study of tho likes of workers, end the meals are freshly shift and served at cost, During tho rost periods, milk, fresh fruit j' are. served. The personnel department and the a program of education which includes lectures oe made with 25$ silk nt have charge of lag habits, healthy broak- fasts, and proper choice of food in the canteen, lectures are given dur- ing the worker's training period. AriiH+inwl Haws Iti 516 The OWI announces that more than 97 por cent of Naval and iarine mended, from Poaxl Harbor to March 31, 1943, have recovered. Those figures were contained in a report by OWI on the care of the wounded by the pedicel departments of the Army and Navy. Percentage flguros for the recovery of Army mounded are not available at present owing to incompleteness of records from ths fighting fronts. An analysis of available data on Army wounded shows that recoveries ere compar able to Naval and Marins percentages. Of all Navy and Marins personnel bounded only 2.6 par cant died subsequently. Fifty-three per cent were returned to duty. Still under treatment as of March 31 were 43*S per cent. Invalided from service ware 0.9 per cent. INDEX (May, 1943) Absenteeism 499 Air analysis fumigants 487 solvent vapors 488 Ammonia poisoning 441 Analysis allphati&nitratas 485 load $rjoILarograph^481 trinitrdtolflina <^496 Anemia ^ toxic Arsenic poiso liver cirrhosl Asbestos electro Ascorb in bone meal Beryllium toxicity Black dermographl Carbon disulfide poisoning Carbon monoxide anoxemia camp stoves encepbaliti txeato optic, CarbomMfeterfe&hlorlde 'ey of compounds 467 Cyclotron vrerkers blood findings 473 Deimatitis airplane industry 455 cutting oils 456 rubber mask 458 Dormatosoa 457 prevention 495 Disease and weather 512 functional 301 Disinfection droplet and mist 498 ozone fc radiation 493 vacu\a & gexalcldcs 497 Dust control exhaust hood design 491 Electrostatic precipitator portable 484 Eye infections 465 Fatigue mining ^ 478 Ferrous industzf^r^yglone 438 FiberalasO, et* ^^oaorption & excretion 439 ycols toxicity 452 Physical examinations 502 Pnermo coni e sis aluminrm 414-415 iron dust 420-421 porphyry 435. Pulmonary irritants Respirators Bureau of MincjrtAnn) List /^v^>489 Sewage ti Is 49 5 treatment in gasoline Magnesium health aspects lung effect "Manganeso intoxication Medical service industrial Mercury handwriting test Methanol chronic poisoning Minors In industry Jltroaon oddaa poisoning Nutrition Phosphorus skin irritation determination 483 Silicosis intrathoradc lyapb nodes 436 lung function 434 lung residua analysis 482 Silesian potters 433 Skin clo*"r 459-460 Sul Vur physiological effects 437 Sulfur dioxide in flue gases 447 pneumonia 448 Syphilis 511 Tetra-chloro-para ter.:re culnone toxicity 474 onylronment 47 6 Trinitrotoluene dlot 4t poisoning ,54 erculosls 505- 50 5 ose finding 504 lation 492-494 chemicals occular effect 453 Well* e disease 49 ioauno sena 513 466 eye effects 471 446 fatality 469 513 health hazard 470 lung effect! 472 432 Women in industry 514