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Jfi the limtiwia n*Bt .stflha
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Tha djqdagn methodises used for collecting saapLea of dart la
the air* Ihie Jo aecompllshad by aspirating ths air to ba sampled, and imping
ing .it .upon a flat surface radar-a- liquid of aitbar distillad rater or alcotel.
la (aural vhaosrsr tha dast oollactad life of a siliceous natnre an alcohol*
meter mixture is ased to prerent may sllioa going into solution. Pyrex ^in
are naad as oontaiaara to oollaot tha samid.es, as experience has ahoan that
this (lass is, for all purposes, practically insoluble. Tha valuao of air is
aasural by naans of a flos nstar or alas a Tacraa gauge aad tha air sample is l
aapiratad by aaotloa supplied either by as alaotrioally driven puap or else i
by an ejector actuated by eorarraaed air. Zaeh duat auq&a collected repre
sented a volume of air of tram SO to 80 cubic feet.
Doe to tha blgh oanoeDtratlona of dast la tha dapsrtaents of this
plaat this sis# staple nas fonud to bo Tapreaaatative aad of sufficient sixe
for analysis. Tha iapia(er w plaoed la eloae proximity to aad at the breath
ing level of the morkmen.
.Air --jIm warm also taken sdth tbs elootric praaipltatari far
dost
asuarearata. THa instrument is designed upon ths priaeipls,
of tbs Oofetze&l praeipltator. Air is draaa through an elsetrostatio field,
-nbsra tbs dast partial as,era deposited upon a oallalodd foil, by neaaa of a
nil Aaotrloally driven po^>. Tha volnne of air sampled is measured by means
ll)aComperetlva Tests of lastrumants for Oatandalag Atmospheric Dusts*, -- Puhllo Health Bullatia, lo. 144, Treasury Dept., lashlngton, D.C. ^Determination of Buspansaids by Alternating Current Precipitators'", Philip Drinker aad bbert I. Thomaon, Journal of Industrial Hygiene, Pol. "VH, o. 0, Jana, .19*4.
of a flow mot
Bran 10 to 0 cubic foot of air were taken for a sarple
She collected dust eawplaa vara transported to tha laboratory where
-total daat oounte wara weds, and -particle also neasureaanto ware-takes. Tha
results are tabulated and appear in -grapha attached. Tha percentages of tha
Tarlone sized partiolaa nay be interpolated froa these graphs.
gicrophotographs of these dust particles ware taken under high power
and were further enlarged by being projected upon a screen by aeana of a lanter i
slide projector. The enlarged particles were than naasured with a ruler, thaw i
lag tha entire LLargeaent (by actual naaaureaent) it was possible to calculate
tha original particle aine.^ By tha use of Basan'a^ logaxitlado proba-' I
bill-ty paper, tha logarithM of the function to bs naasured - in this case
Lorens - are plotted as ocdlaatss against the probability of occurrence as
abscissae. Slnoe the line la straight, artnotation and Interpolation of any
desired region is facilitated.
It will be noted ffeoa these cares that froa 8$ to 99 of tha parti
cles are lass than 10 Bleroas In their greatest disaster.
Tha analyses are reported la total particles per cubic foot, and also
in tha corresponding weight of tha daat in Uligraaa. Thera la no indicated
roLetlanahlp beteean tha dost counts and tha corresponding weights.
She plant at
oonaists of a umber of ona-atos7 and two two-
story buildings. One of the two-story buildings houses tha offices, laborator
ies, diapaaary and rtors room, while the other la demoted to tha preparation
^0,Qraen H. "A PhotoaLerographio 1sthod for tha Detaralnatioa of Particle Sin > of faint ana Bobber Plgwsati*, Journal franklin Institute, 1921, 192, 657. falThjpule. O.C. Vital Statistics. H.T. John liler g Soue.Inc. 1925. u. <51
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be fcs sv or- cv as c*? cv o> o r
room d brake-band weave roon on 'the first floor and tbs carding, spinning and pooling operations are performed as the second floor.
The other one-stoiy buildings ere oecupiad by spooling, twisting and broad looa operations, brake-band treating and packing manufacturing, shops and shipping department.
PHgARATIOH PCTARTyaiTl
. The asbestos Is received la toga and emptied span the floor. It is than shoveled Into tpug wills or chosen fro* which it is passed into in opener ami on a shaker sieve. Bare it is piled on the floor to wade np Into mixtures with proportionate anounta of eotton which has already been passed throagh an
I opener. The batches of adzed eotton and asbestos are passed throagh a miter picker and carried by snetlcn throagh a pipe to bins in the card roon on the second floor. In tide section pipe oil is applied to the mixture of eotton axel asbestos by naans of sprayers. lodging from the high dust counts found in the oard roon, os eospared with those found at sinner locations in the pleat at Charlsvton', the method of applying the oil does not appear to ba os effective.
Two oord naoUaae working on waste notarial are inking tricking la this departaant. One loon is operating on brake-bands.
. The about aystews at the various machines vers only in partial oper ation das to relocation of naoUnes. Ic lmrtdl Tying syrfcea mas in operation. The tenpatature of this departneet at the tins of visit was 67 7. nith a rela tive bnnldity of S7%p aa oonpered nith outdoor temperature of 89 7. and a rela tive hnnldlty of 67%. The high lneldeeeo of dust in this dopuxtnent is partly dm to the alterations being node.
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It will he noticed that the dost count is high in places and exceeds
c 10,000,000 particles, the standard adopted, by the U.S. Public Health Service in their study of the granite industry. ^ BRAKE-BAND WEAVING DEPARTMENT: This process is conducted in a room adjacent to the preparation de partment. IhiB room is equipped with hand controlled mater sprays for faunddifying. The temperature in this department was found to be 69 F. and the rela tive humidity mas 76%. ^ Artificial Illumination is furnished by Cooper Hewitt lampB. Dust counts were collected in dose proximity to the workers and are as follows!
G
(5)public Health Bulletin No. 187 "The Health of Workers in Dusty Trades II. Exposure to Siliceous Dust (Granite Industry)* - O.S.P.H.3., Treasury Dept., Washington, D.C. 1929.
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The number of particles per cubic foot of air in this room are con
siderably less tiffin in the frraparatlan rooa, end slightly under the standard
quoted above.
SPOOLING. TWISTING AND BROAD LOOM WEAVING1
These processes axe liheaise carried out on the first floor of build ing number one. This department is equipped with the Carrier Air Condition ers which furnish ample humidification. The temperature was found to be 74 F.
the relative humidity was 50$.
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The duel oounte aa sIxjwi ill thn table Indicate a rp.lal.1.ve>lj pnwit number of particles. t SPINNING DEPARTMENT*
I This department Is located on the second floor of building No. 1 at one end of the main card. room. Ifale spinning and some spooling operations are carried on here. The department Is provided mith the Carrier System. No ring frame spinning is done.
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Tt will be noticed that the counts vary connidcrnbly and In tiro in-
stances are quite high. Ho marked difference is noticed shore the machines are totally enclosed and only p^tialiy enclosed.
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Card. Room. Second F^ogg Bolldlng jf5
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PLANT BQgSEKFFPING;
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The floors are dry swept almost continuously throughout the work ing period. Each Friday the dust is removed from the ceilings, walls, and machines by means of an air boBe during the working period. The dust counts during this period of cleaning would be increased considerably. It is recom mended that' cleaning be accomplished by means of a vacuum system. There are portable units on the market designed for this kind of work.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS:
Physical examinations wore nuide on fifty-four employees. All who worked in an asbestos industry three years or longer were included in this group. These employees were examined for symptoms usually associated, with what English authorities term *asbestosis*. These include anorexia, leaden
i hued complexion, emaciation, dyspnoea, cyanosis, cough, expectoration, "asbes tos corns*, decrease in chest expansion, clubbing of fingers, swelling of skin at the nails, and history of chest trouble. The chests of these employ ees were then examined for friction rubs, rales, dullness, diminished breath Bounds, increased voice sounds, and where the symptoms and findings suggested further examination. X-ray pictures of the lungs were taken.
X-ray examinations were made of 20 employees; of these 10 showed I definite evidence of asbestos dust injury to the lungs; one showed tuberculos is without dust injury, and nine were negative.
The action of inorganic dust upon the lung tissue is such as to cause the development of fibrous tissue - fibrosis. Such dust fibroses are classified under the general term pneumoconiosis. The various types of pneumo -
eoaiosis sxe further differentiated by sore specific titles vhich define them
selves, .sack as silicosis, anthraeosis, and asbactuals. On page 2 of the first unit report of this series of studies it mas
stated, in relation to the action of asbestos dust on the lungs, "fte are con fronted mith three alternatives!.
(1) isbertos dust does not cause pulmonary dosage. (2) Asbestos dust does cause pulmonaxy damage shin to silicosis, bat
of a slider nature. (S) Asbestos dust itself does cause poisonary damage, but in a Banner
and of a type entirely dietinot fros silicosis." The I-ray films of this study definitely inform us that individuals exposed to the inhalation of asbestos sUl in tine Show structural changes in their lungs - pceumooonlosis. Our studisa have not progressed sufficiently for us to oonstrue cthia type of pneooconiosie in ten of disability or of increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. . This type of pnsusoeoniosis, to which the tan aabestosis say properly be applied, is quite distinct in its X-ray fils appearance from true sllieoeie and an experienced technician would have no difficulty in distinguishing thetmo conditions. -The evidence so far mould indicate that -the action of asbestos dust -la in aeeord sith the eecoad alternative quoted above.
Toar fllns aborning definite asbastoeis also shoved old tuberculous .lesions, apparently inactive, 8 of the fllns negative for aabestosis also shoved such lesions} this mould lend support to the contention that asbestosia does not tend to aetivat* quiescent tuberculous lesions which is in aeeord with tha-meagre evidence so far available txon animal experimentation and with the limited cllaical experience.
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4 8 6
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8 10 11
IX
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9 The following table ousmriaeo the X-ray examinatlono.
flex lu 7 SB
fiscyratlgaal- ffirton
Tearing 21 yrs. off & on, 4 yrs. C.S. labestos Co.
Dlamosia F egat ire
7 57
Twisting 15 years
Late first degree asbestoais
X SE
Tearing 12 7ears
Early first degree ( sb old tubercu lous lesion
X 68
. Spooling 6 years
Negative
X 4T l'.Spooling 8 yrs.'T.S.ls.Co. 14 yrs. aegatire elsewhere
' .X 88 , Tarping 12 years i
l
X SO
Tearing 10 years
Hegatire; old tuberculous
lesion
Eerly first degri e asbestosia
X 44
g jeorw
Early first degr< e asbestoais; heart .lesion
X . 68
Spooling 6 years
Beginning aabestoais
X 57 /
X as
Tearing 6 years Tearing 9 years
negative
Tegatlre. Old tuberculous lesion
X 86
Tearing 22 years
Tirst degree as bestosia. Old
tuberculous lesion
X 48
Tearing 7 years 0.3. Is. Co. 11 yrs. elsewhere off it on
legatire
X 64
Tarping 12 years
Xegetira
ll ft
Ifi. Iff lUL Dsfin^tianal Biiterj, 18 1 89 Wearing 5 years
18 X. 52 Tfoarlag 18 years 17 7 41 Spinning 5 years 18 ' X 85 flanfrUg 7 years
19 X 48 ?oreaan 22 years
20 X
Worked la asbestos 20 years, out of plant 10 years
DL
negative. Old tubercu lous lesion active(?)
Zorly asbeotoslo
negative
First degree asbestosis
Zarly second degree asbestosia
Late second degree asbestosia. Old tuberculous lesion
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and extended wherever possible. 5. The dust counts indicate little difference between the two systems
of exhausting dust arising from the carding machines. The canvas covers have no advantage in exhausting -the dust, rid have the disadvantage of maidng it more difficult to.clean the machines. They also offer a larger surface, for du JUL to settle. The exhaust system connected with the metal hood covering the comb of the card is recommended.
4* That the exhaust system attached to the machines in the preparation room be repaired, and maintained, especially those connected with the shaker
sieve and the wick carding machines. 5. That cleaning be done by meanis of a vacuum system instead of the
present method of blowing with compressed air. ^ 6* That all employees be given an Initial physical examination and
periodically thereafter. X-ray examinations should be made when indicated.
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In the foregoing cases the length of exposure with the resultant degree of pneumoconiosis and the general appearance of the film all support the second alternative mentioned above.
Sputtun analysis was made of ten of the individuals X-rayed, and *aBbestos bodies* were -found in one case.
STJUMAKIt
Dust counts in the preparation room and carding room were high,
several counts higher than ten million.
Individuals exposed to this dust showed definite pneumoconiosis.
Their occupation and length of exposure were as follows (omitting 19 and 20
whose histories were not clear):
Iwigt^Bg
Spooling
15 years
5 years
f__ caggi&s
5 years 7*
TJgavipg
10 years 12 18 22 "
The number of these cases is too small to draw any final conclusions
They indicate a possible variation of hazard in the four processes listed, but
further Btudy will be needed to establish the faots.
UWfiOMMKNDATTOMflt
'I 1. The method of application of the oil used in tho preparation
room at the Charleston plant is more effective than that used at Manholni. Therefore, the Charleston method is preferred.
2. That the humidification and air conditioning system be continue i
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A c#*sibA ivsimy of test eoeSitt&zs 4a to to^ta ylc-& c? tos l8* Aiteftei A fisibWp fiivteica of Esytocifo^sristtons 2^* tsio c-.-a o April 16# 17# 13# 33# cs$ 23# 19S3* X^lo 1* cc;ic^s^7 to too ctoroc^ cr. 4uota4 la fabrsary# 1923 ac4 tos eatoafla el ccsjIIes c^3 erslyoio era too ea a# la tt ftrel evurrey*
Tb* first esyyay icelelcd oaly toss* fiejsytoroio lcr;tvir:2 toottlo
pavatloas# afcoraaa tUl ftoreay leclctes ell te^vt.--Cto of too pts:it*
Jbo procaseoo la tits Prcgaratlca fvysstosnt# Cosvaicjj :*prto:-%
Irak* Jfcc* tSwara tow# a tatfitica# qcltoltp# epoolte:;# tel to:;* ototo swrcics Capartacots era tha a&sa e at tb> lisa ef tl first cw-rsy* Sbo ctoscst otdjttMt tea cat k*a Cht-s2*
tba ftlUtl&s tafeloa cfcsv ronslta of test escsta c::3 crr^iFitltra
teta af th# ta aamfct
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nwiiiTTflM arjnrwgi^j flSK* L
1 aalda dlackarca plpa - froa oartloal spaoar dlatkarpia< flbra aata
OaU
af MlHH
Ou. Ft. lit flaaplad
Mllll'Xta *f fartlalai
par Cu. Ft. lir Sa^plad
Hllttmi' f r.rUol..
lata Uian 10 alerena la praam t dlaaatar
par ati. ft.
tn+
af Dual
feaorbt
1/16/35
20.0
6.2
5.15
iibfsto Stock 221 .Mttom 116 apaelal
a it laaa /37 - Bat aarp
9
kataaaa akaaara /l aad #3
i 5aalia truck aadar 41a- afearta plpa fraa kappar aa aaaaad llaar
5
flaar ainaf af asfcaataa
aad aattam kataaaa akaaara
aad aartlavl apaaar
6
It Uaakarja aad af aaaU
flkra apaaar
7 Osaaral air la praparatlaa
it kappar af atalat plakar
*7.5 13.0 *.5 13.0 20.5 22.0 15.0
30.9 21.1 33.7 30-1 10J
16.3 2U
17.6 116 ' 35.0 3561 3.5
u* ua
Palp leea la Prop. Dapt.
lakaatoa Shabaol flbra tl, aaa aaa
Abato Om ua,
Mttei
cortr-
4 itk fibr%
tbrN mb
CoaTajror bait; aaa aaa, flbra froa erualur
lakaatoa Oaatar af roaa' aattoa
Oaa aaa, forklap alxttro tat# kappar froa floor
lalatlaa kU19 ia fraparatlaa Dapt. (1135) 205 -- (1130) 376 tka aaaraca af tfeaaa eaoato la 11.9 allllaa partlelar par eu. ft. air aaaplad. Ika aaarapa aaaat la thla dapartaaat la 1930 aaa U.13 allllaa partlelaa par ea. ft. air. Aa aaalpala af raftar loot traa tala 4#partaaat aUswad 365 110], BalaUaa bmiditp aaUUa (1935) JOS - - (1130) 675.
duple la.
lUtlu
CiM MOMS
Data f
' Co. It. iir Saaplad
killloaa af lartlelta kllllon* of Particle* Typo
par Cs. It.
laaa than 10 ateroa* af
iir laaplod
la iraataat diaaotor Ouat
par eu. ft.
'__________________ dir Stapled_______________
Raaorta
f it taka-aff aad af 4/14/33 U.S breaker eard II, Oapt. 2, 2ad flaar
10 Ikkaa bataaaa card* H aad fli, OapU 2. ted flaar
20.3
u lataaaa ataraf* feiaa
aad aarda /A aad #32
at aparator'a paalUeaa
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laaa laaatlaa aa 111 4/17/33 Juat aftar atact fraa altlnf piekar had baaa hlaa* lata ataraf*
Ha*
31.3
u latraaa aarda #1 tad 2 4/14/33 aad #7 aad * eperetor'a
atatioo, 0*pt. }, aaeoad
flaar. 3 tarda ruaalaf
i 224 alack; 1 aard naaiaf
124 ataak
,
22.3
u latraaa card* ft aad # * aa taddla aldai aaddlaa artaad out fraa aaelattaa
10.0
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latraaa aarda Ad aad If aad #23 aaa 24 la aiala tear* rparatar rorka
20.0
u latraaa aarda #30 aad 21 4/17/33 30.0 aad 127 aad 21 la aiala ahara aparatar aorta) aarda partially
aaalaaad ad artaalad
9.0 ' 13.7 t
id.< 14.2
14.7
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7.7 11.7 14.0 13a
14.2
31U 24a
7.3
iabaatoa eattaa
129 alt - etrda aaelaaad aad axkauitod
.Carda partially oxdauat. ad hut nt aeclaaad #32 - 130 itsetc #31 - 114 apaeial
Its daor apaaa oa ttia floor
* Carda partially ocelotoc aad oxheuatad; oporf-ar aora fault atrip lta aattae pad uadtr aaaa.
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Dipt. #3. iteosd floor
Carda partially anelotec aad oxhuutlod) 3 ettdi running 224 ataok 1 card ruaalaf 40/40 ataek
2 carda ruanlat atock) 1 eard ninnlnf 231 alack 1 1 card runnlcf 224 atack
Solatia* kaOditp W. Tha areref* af theee aaaata U II.5J atlUaa parttelaa par eu. ft. air aauaplad. The erarefe aauat ia thaaa dapartaaata la 1910 aaa 7.1* aililaa partielaa
par at. ft. air eaapled.
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Itatlea
Bate
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mn gat tMXl line) DPT. t\3
so steaaa laaa Dial A) 1/17/3J try aaaatac
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<3 it aparatar's paaltlaa af laaa fl7
*
* . Za atala kataaaa laaaa m aat A9t nt aaarlaf
as la atala kataaaa laaaa
*
fU hat *36. aat ft aat A2
at laapaatlaa af bnta Italic * aat rta( ataak
Cu. ft. itr Saaplst
KUltsos at Psrtleles hllllsns of fartlelss
per Cu. Tt.
L.s. uu 10 alerase
itr Soopled
la gnatest disaster
par cu. ft.
iir iaaalad
Trpa at Dust
burki
30.0 S3.3 3S.S 23.0
It.9 U.t .J 7.3
30.0
t.lj
12.7 12.6 7.5 6.2
S.2
cottas
9
Rlof stock sad brake lining 221 stack aas asa
fsntlac brake lining 221 stock
733 - 22i stack A9 - 310 stock
#11 sad /26 truck lin ing -sat *1 and 12 dry - 221 slock
tutorial (ms thru rrvnlrlng brushes exhaust ayataa
bUUn hnldlty (1935) in - (1930) Tit the mn<i of tiiw Mati 1* 10.1 aUUoa particles par cu. ft, ir saaplsd.
She aeeras aauat la till doparweat la 1930 aaa 6.96 aUliea parttelaa par au. ft. air.
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tta tat taBti U tt fh^riUea C.7Vte:t in U^* 1U nta, tat Mi} them -- tbai tea sllUca patldn pr sails feat* &i
ran fUr# is tanflsd wilMdr ta fUd n tb ftnr it nrku
fta
wm| tail --t* n high-- tta tta-- sf tta tvmj ezim Is i$ja, Ca
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A----st* km tarn nto tian tta tint anno/ n ia, tn nliUn
kntiltjr U lam tarn at tta tin at tha pirlm mu;.
Zt la wwawlit ttat Mttulnl ntbd at basilic? tta
tlkn ta tatalld* titnrt atilnnt} yrspsrly Assigns* sad apllet} ba 1* atillai % tta tatiif} piatars, Ml ttakar tortaat raS it tbsold ta fnprlt Mlatiitai .fta am tat tad! ta rmwl tna tUa ligartaaU A kedtuyiai
lyitn tadl ta Md} if tnatlnkUi A nesn tmtpltr fT*tra tar mnlsi aal utln tawJI ta laitaUd tkukt tta plut
main awati ta tta train feed tun ram art higher ttaa
tta-- at fta If30 nny * saftanst stsips--t ta ta -- tta 1--as* fta --tati-- fe--tattf ta 1--th-- t tta tta* #f tta first ssrray*
ft la nantaat ttat aataair ----tag to last itamrfssft hi-- tat kadlltr ta--U ta kart -- high -- ----lUt titbit amls{ <1km-
Sta --rtg* tat --nti ta tta f--oltasi talattaii ad --tag lipirtmta an --aft high-- tta* tta-- at tta tint a--Tty* tta relrtlra kaU* tty ta lam tta ta Ita U-- sf tta first -nr,
It tow-- n<ii ttat tta Waallawta a--ntd sad tta
S Ml"--I II M --
the <tH lent* is the <?1pU| Itjctsst tn aA Uektr
ttu ttiM if U lirrt mr, Oil sqr W attributed to pillttlea of lb* i
Atm Oo wilif mcMhi leestad la th< nu ms idUtiulct ke=14Xt?( 1
UMl if too mordi tu Am the pA ef fUn iid it the ilea ef tli ts*
ifwjr ai the rate ef pidtiei
It Is nmndii t)ut the epicalej
ti Inlitd tna tie
artist 4epertserto I taaUU)riai qrita AUI ti luOUel*
the avereft fart erati is the aartlsp ttprtesti are klttxr Usa
these ef the flnt nmy A shock ef the resorts mU atn the grid* if
fibre asst at the ttae ef the tsa mrnps sal the rate ef prelaetlea* the ea
heart nl|aiit feee art eaea te he effestive la nariai the fast fsceratrt*
Xt la Mssaunfrt that asheaet HBlptaat* slsSXar ta that la nm*
tlea at the Xherteetea pleat* he Isatailed ea the eerilaf aashlaea* fibre
mu tma m b^toi warra naetan
tea tipii af bnki Hale* **
0 1 u2i free ma
aarr-- Wade af WUttel tea Wad* m oalaraWd la as wlrtti w a r^Ur
wUttw asnwdtat W apaclflcattoai. tear <n osrod la WM prascu or am
WWW --arttalOi If ttqr m nnt n kutei aortrola, tfcry era eat U
lM|tt Wfm Wla| asrod. 1W aodrala iIm dip* tea lata arcs. .te=7 era
<ra--d W W ttlahaf dsdrod aad rival Wlaa era drilled or paaehel lcte
ttaa Tk*f art 1--p--Ud*aad pM fir mpmV.
tea aaoBod igrpa of Woks Using la tea artnld t7pa this 1790
la >rad--ad tna a tfrt-- af aoWatoo tVtn, Utterpi iilptcr, also oiUi,
<dUl|i lao# aad nMw dloaolrot id f--allaa. tela *0% alstcra la pat late ao Wdraollo yreae aad la aatndat Ikm^t a die lata lass aarroo itrlps. tea ateipa ora aorod la Wtlod yro--aa. tup ora pan! ta tea telokaasa id aldte doolrod aad for--I oa Mated saadnla* iolao far r&rste aro drilled ar yaaflted lste teaa. tea aada ora oWofirartj tea li&lag la te-- luputd
dated farias 1* a*da fr-- aaWoteo alate e=d aarroo tesla of aa--at niia--> tW alda date la 0-- lata aqmros aa a MW aar. Solid rftacs aoa oat tm tea-- 0--ru after tear te-- team --taratad la as --dalas oad drlad* tea rlaga ora doted -latetted pw-->. tep an tea ptal U tea tel at-- doaitof. loteo aro drll&od late te-- -- pai drill pnina. tea laalda a-- aotolfo dlaaatero aro pml oa terdsar (rldm. tea UUh faolsi la teaft laipirtil Wfora otlppiac.
toa atmaa kaoSa tf tmi ukiitsi am pt ttne^ a icle: c^iat
W to fiwii Ixii
!Uh m tbn pet
a rebto* aslatlca td
mtf uM a aaadml* ft* fligy am nt aad toa aala ftstnd k^tbr alt*
ton aim* Cup am nrtd la toatet ptiiit id pass! to tba lUtasliu
Hliiidi Stop am torn laapaatai Wlm afclpplep*
naagtfi?ntiaisa totoatoa atoto it laprapatai dU a aelotlaa af n^r id ptallw.
to* tfiatt la tom wl lata atrip** Tto atolpa an feldd tp toed tK^ly to
tom to fatal ar panttag* Si* ma^t ftma am tom ylito la toml=p e:Ui Mi ptaaaai aai will la atom haatei prtaua Ska dpi am tfised id to#
pmiaat to toa laqnM* toia aaai to toa vartoaa pradaet* to tapir.ilrt to toliiti ft,
Cha am ntor to aiwt alto atoa asiia llttopma ni tarptoa to a atofea*
mp*toU| aUl# toa aaapamiai itotr to ilasalmi to fiullaa to tcs&lar tomato*
toa amtolaaa mi to toa rnalaoa yniMti am ad* to MUlc; #35* toa Mlwiito aaai am Utoi|i li^lifti ala** lUralta, llutd all# tern* m*i aai aalm* toaaa aatarlato am Mlft aai pat lata aa atoatria atom* id* toa aaalHaa to aisai, U to pat lata palto aai atiflai ta toa iiffmH
I
3
1
ha
Loo r. Slaach Iar*7 L. tellaak Itnil trtpt Cterlaa hklnu
ininns of blood sncTuzus
** Oaaupatlaa
Taara r
aaa(labia t
Puactata aaapklloa
tealitaa praparatioa 2
JO
triadiac teak# liaia* J {appro.) M
KlzlH t*r axirtead teaka llalaf
ts
Oattlac teak* kaada
4
40
truuaat l*(*u*a
t
Oacaalaul
later tett
2t tell grtater 4 14
tetert tetter Mm linear
art Kate 1. f. Utn
OUr* bar
a a
' at
40
a
txtrudar
3
tiki ud ittff apatU
4
local pladar
M. ( aaldad kraka Uala< 4apt. *
4
4
Intel ud itaap
. 1 V3
telaala ftMfltt *. teuto fate Kilter Mr Kilter
teal 1. telliacar
a latel, rtaap aad *
a miter a teadula
a tetter tlr Mate plater
1 V5
1
4
4 As*
as teparrlaar af aaldad i
teaks llaia(
to 10
5
10
0
fts
*9 *7 10
100
fcfatira
*
kaaarka
Paar taath
Staaacb troutl* foraorlp airier for axtndad braka Unln*, ahonrad baeauo* af ciekmaa, bad lata pdltoalni 2 ptara o*o, troaud bjr daaUr Caaplaiaa af e*rnua diaardart and atoanefc braublo, aiaiaa la bar* hip Uted praatan .
Sorted 10 jrtars prarloualr aa allk nanr
masm AE
a.w<
;-n iimn, ir?A-r^.
hrt tacai* la ttiH <tptrteKt m hl{b id la alrrst
11 mm
that ttin la Ud fmt la fca ilr larylta
aft f| chav larg* uiUUm if lud pnitst. ftwltd udjfisa i( nXtor fut
aaaplia (m tUii liMtMsU iIm de< fraietti if ltU Utn
ibt
that then la lafialte kaalth kani4 praam la M tbi ei if lasd* tear#
la rnttw bNltt huoi ynmt daa la tka aa af bccssl ta tha tmtlEj if
laraka bull.
Slaad ipirtim aa lakes fm liiWu acylaycsa aai toi nnlti
af ttm taata aaa dm la tiMw taro* My tat tpidais* dnd pseUto
haaaphllaa (itippld a*U)# M atvaral atkar epHtani dnd In kmjldti
It la aaaaaaaatal that a aaiana implif ayataa ha laatallai ta la aaaj aitk <17 aaaaflaii
111 Mdln la thaaa lipirtnrti dnU ha ifd^d alth if/itlut ? adkaaat diMi ha 1017 any teaftt daaia*
Malayan Mftfil la kaaJUag laal dnU ka ai^UM dU pttlttn faaaaaaa ar witrilp typa mplntna ail mtlnd ta ksatl* tka Ud him Ml| thaaa apiaatl-- ataall W tnUM Dm tka ainldir af tka PyaiMti* Mb half t la tha acaa vaaa la ah&ak Uftap la abd far aateali* facaka Ualigt fcpt Utharfi 4w ahaall ha mrd <m tka lapartaart*
tka aaa af haaaal ahnll ha iHitwtd, If fnetltdli, ar nd atiTatlaaa ahahli ha laalatatf aa that ha laaat aaihta af acylayata aasli ha aayaaal ta tha fhaaa* av tha haaaal anil ha haadlal la a abul yrtm
9m
wjinl to twill full thaali to*
dtb pdtln ptfiat
tw^fttovf* 131 9l<jM la ftm to^rtaato ihnll to* nta5 tarshllr
< *i--1 ! firlTfllTiVr fr~ fltpn ff Irf it t~r--1 r~trinJrfi
wan liufft Of jufym iw errn r.*.n
fyi. fins rlso to a yeastcileeli or filrcaia of toi lsg* toktto ku Woo Hiwwrt io tbi prorlan nprt uto a tko ubsiisi lelctqrt tmtopoato io oar teofllodjp f Mtoitoeto in oastlsxally tetiay plceo osd o ooooary of im fMto ilnmni dll W liid to to) |tml tr^dti n;:rt of U oitoitoi 9loot wiqr ikies Utah tart nt liter*
XUliSto* f7 uttlo to teoco of to* fttz% f ole* dwi ea to* Uoch tat wkniiiu* oo ttaro limli tool to ploso tt io o tlu) dQ to* 1*N taifil oiliooW tuto Met 00 toll ud *Uy It Isbilel io KfUdntlr ki|k MomtmUui toon into ootU koto to W nsitotrti ptodtiU]' Un>
M taootor* tto to* owtmy is ywrrit olttatsh tot;
i* cot
Ooroo tko *p**Ul* UJntou offoot of tko Out* kigk io tHttolui ctUco*
lUk tta ooooptloo of Utoarp^r load, oo ostnsoly toxio iut, tko otter toots fwintif to tko --jntrntlit of ftobtr oal kraka lining* net no tint mU*| H|kory oat litkopoa* on prtotUj rolatinly ksrsdau lo tko Ooootitioo praoost oat lo op oooat grip* pnUitlot ogalrst tko loot or litk* trfo toot oklok io oooootiol vomit yootnot igmioot ton* tint yapetn or m>
toil poloooiof lo yrotebly tko oost mm of tko Ledoatrinl poloo> logo* Tiootloolly oil ton* of loot oro tads* tko top** of toxicity tapasdlag tpn tkoir ooitatUty io taooo ilMoao. fte oedtoo ost Wait loot wtauto ooo oooog tka ooot ooltotto ool IkorofOro tko aoot toadUy tod* fano
loot takolat to aoto rapidly not aara oaroly tod* tou loot Ispetiit tao toot atom tko ticoottoo troot mb* or float of it any ta dtotMtoi o* okoogot froo tko tap oat it io ooly oka* it io okoottal io groats* fuatitto*
ttit m 4kUrt4 ttil palceoisj inm than ltct la Uhi lata t la^, it rcaahae Htt Uni itm vapidly d daftly ul ecrpurstiTsly little If illalwMi UU* Ual If timUtiri la the teiy yelec&isg may crcr trz*i ikwiM la bum f lad cUdutd it mcditrf it nrisa arpsea td It flaeTjy lifirttil la tha kSH la laealtMc fen is a iaso> tidier ti t&i ItiilMw if aalalaa* Si la asseakai Mtmmlil at Ctf yrac-cat Use ahsldr a* art sadnr itilauj UmutaM aku^ti la telUr scUfcalli* u latar rcs*r tha lart ttu rtwrt la tta ktit aaltbla agiis ad cat it fm lata the lralailaa facial yataatil alttnt lirtbc ecyeeare* Si kit Vm Imsitnlel ty Mb cat Ua aatlrtw^ bwwwt that thia rtirrt Inl tea h rtlmd *j
--t1 calif alt* sack aaUa sal laa aslalan laUka* dah'a afesSlac ca tie vttjcct 4M m tea run ca malrtlmtirt ttt tautaaai cf leal lalioaiin* tstoo rtw sidlei aa leal ftlctalai bm else Inc asla fatally by Seise cal hit iwiirtii^rte hare ade aaiahhlt aaatvibottaaa te th* kedilct at ib cab
led,
led ibsiyiMilcM Mi aeoeaurlly mcs Sad palecalny* hat Mm la
fWbiMllty at lead flowtag abereasar Sad la btlaf rtnrM lata tka brfjf*
SMSaiiaala aaay acatilwahTy la thela ability is tali la sal aildsatc lad*
Si ti facrally fad left that wjmi, aui( cal (blUra at acre tlly_
aaaeeytlhli aad that ihaca tte but kd attecka af yslmtei an asn llehla
is Mot attede tkaa tkaaa aka here ast*
tit* a fcvaetakla aaeptiaiii Isfiastrlfl Sad yolcadsf la af tha
chrealt tyya tea ia ycaltaad apw> ia aiauia fnstltlct af lad Mho la
dally* Ma| ia tha ahata aiaUcul lltknsow la t*c totally af lad bo
ic^-ls ON*
mt
if
w)Mbi I*** Msiitti Mt ad ethers* Sod ralssslrs* Idlal&a hazr;r*pka*
tel* IS, tha illllaaa t Ulklas C,,
hlttcm, Cl*
(a)IilCB. Id* Tfcfnra Ihi, ad Ckalck, **ch lad
ad Cm*ties
la Oastala Sad trade#, fcarol af Ideatrial lyglcaa* fxyt* lf}) Tsl* ST*
la* 9e f K41t| tali* **, wear article yp, J23-J43.
My# fears U ltttl# ipiwat la lit* cwroo aUrsyta tht ksts feta
to
nUhIi tti alatama tturt it lad vblfe soa mm c&reda plicfa; If tabs
la mr laag ysrlada af lias, tha mlow nilsttn
fra
if
a rilUpw la fea silllcrus liUit frstebly ass to tn cUIlgrrsj daily
rtyaaaaato a fairly Mil Uait* Sa a stedy aada by toa Valid tUtaa hllli Esalfe trrrLci^ tn a
itetfi tottayy ylast, tan tutii, l% mi aeaalfesi tit) far Hi (siiUni
af wyiisi la ttil ylaat* U3 aUHgraaa far 10 tcbls ntsn if air n^trd
ta la a aafa Halt.
It la alaa Icysatlila to totonlaa aaaotly tti tat&l af air taka
lata toa iMfa tolly# salat to ladlridcal Ifffsraam id to Ufftraui la
togras af aattvlty* far yrsetlul pssyna-- asly# fesrafera* 1% la rcrjhJy
atlaatoi feat a aaa at aslitrtsly laaiy aaak tatolta tott 10 atblt sattra af
air la a toa fear toy* Haas yaaalkla# It la rioatnalsd feat fea mUaf
ataaaplwa alaaU la kayt lalaa WMlntt af a aHUtras far dt *rW af
air sr fea aarksra toiU la yvstoctod ly niUtti raaplraton aad afear |f-
aaatiaaa* lirtnt laad at 1U aaaraa af arlyla la ly far fea last astfed far
fraaaatln af yataarlaj*
toldaaaa af last atoorytUa la rtm ly tn asbea ycllar af fea tola#
a last lira as fea
af fea rad llaad aalla# aad a nnritiy
nmmtn m attar ladtaatiaa af daaaya to fea Hattofstslef srgtaa* Vyaa arldaaa
af laad rtaarytisa aaitara dinU la raaaaal firaa y*m sat11 all tipi lava
' laad aapaaat nttu* ars sadar vary aarafal aad sxparleaad aodl-
sat a--tfwl. It is
M *th jtn> wm* af
r tt tS
(i)l** hOU laalfe torvlaa# frasatay toft*# Vallla CiiiU tallatla 8a* S3$*
laid Talstalag la a ttarag* Battary Hast# Oar* frlat* Off* Vafe* 8C*# 1731*
tags irtatti aarly ita|ti if iitaxleiUta d| hy tattsg approprlata etjju,
ta prmt tbs Mnmui li **7 inti *r iiWtate ittxcts if poltcalx;* It it
Ml MVi >m*w, ta (U{bm Its! ia lit airly ikpt wiliest Utrtrrz
stadisa af tti Um1| ad ttara till ramUy W mmi this!! till pnnd IfMltM Miryirtlty MlUtt VUQll MJMt
fha a/aptaaa if lal yelMtUi in Etmu cl it isrtfetta ltxoLf la
a *raat miilr if M7t tM nit MBa ibmckrirtlf opt^i actsd tn
mUi mitl^itlii, wtksm, npulillr if tha astcarrr niiln if tu kcli f
ol fMl# aaa8Ur fiiU| hum ted idtiafi last if appatlta, bed teat* la
1
tha mU, nminiiH tad Irritability* ft* pezluil iljutln dpi if lad
galaaalag art paUar ar Jaandlaa* Mm, nfln ihupi, datn la tha blaod yirtcif MMMiii MRal af iaad la tha aanth
laad dataadattlaa hr&ags la Ita trala a great 117 mnlM| leeluUag
yilyitoi MtU atsapbjr# noiplilIUi, aad mhiImi aid
It cnm wrl;
dumwlln Mnfii net aa dirii-iilinrii aad aaphrltls* tha MrtiUtr
Ara* tkvaaia laad palaaalag ia aat Ufht tat ttli ia itnlitilr at ledlciUea I
af ita aataat ta HIM aaaaa ara ttnirltj alaaa atart traatad Mil; kara a
fairly gaad pavgaaala aad alaaa aaay daatba arc rmrlif at daa ta tha fi&al
aa<aal>a MM aa artarta-aaliwia rstktr ttu ta fba arlfleal aaaaa*
dang tha himh far aaatral af laad yaiaaalag taaeasasdad ty tha
iadaatrlal ftyalaiMi af a iarga idlu aasafaatarlif f&aai la diaea, Ghla ara
Cl) wattly aadlaal amlaatlta* af aagotad aarkars* (s) separata Item tar
aaafe aad atraat alathlaf# (l) ytrialoa af taa aria af ntk alittdit aad mep-
aiata far laaadiriag urtly, U) ta raaplratara* aaa af tbaa ta ha aUaasd ud
atari 11 aad aaah day* (f) pvarlslaa af alaaa tarala, sa*p aad Bail Wwtwi, hat
IV
wVtf| Ul ttM allanas* far
nnie:, () nl r77iriHr a^j
tMTiif r wan tlanlrs if tts Oni 4$Uf, (1) mltiln if U tut
wrtiri M|i Om *es*c6 to ipmtlsi Ud pmius trzi to* rta, ui
(!) nlu stoutly mtonad ifilut *ttlej to toa lar&wii
' Iml to to tor to mi hiiufjN if to* cslvvsto icsnl; i4 to
,ia*a*to7 Si an al aw tto* tail* allolr ajXc7sS to cqr pnocvna td
--yatolto to palata to Imun <to fir mto] to *to fca bat tou if ita wmlto tofir to to toalto f a^mUtUi It* a** kit to*a UrtV wpitotiit iy Un tod* itotmii to* fclfitor fewUiM* f toaol assh * totm wi totol ton tow Mteiltatcl to m uii alto eslia ism ***** alitoai mmi to* to* toalto itof,`!i^t* to*** itototti in ar* jiUn* a* ton toa**l to high (wawtottm m m a*li ntli to wit* wtUntii mIi *><rto*atall/i niwli il* to i atortor Un nl alto kmr mctato** tin* ton to to* nM alto ImmI* Inwif, toolv tom totetUlty t** t*l**l nl igrlal n toumi mr kml fir lalastoUl pniUn alto ni?*rt
to toalto at to* aartova ni to* *fr*to if tonla ytluctil *7 tolsol mat antatoias nr Waul a*t* to to l*aa mini nl a*t ** UiUai*
U) to* t--tT tonltto* af to* toU#s*l hhtgr fcasli flat that hand wait mn i*m*af lUmlif al wanirtUiuaf nl? IB tort* pr -tVf-n la to* ataN|bfr*i Slight iffwti *r* y**ltl* alto rra* fir lner *na*lia1ti*a St Anil to km* la aiad that toaaal *aa ala* to totortoi iato to* ajratn ttoaagh to* tola ni that It la *m*aaljr lupmi t* ijUl It a to* afcla ar Oittlait
ni Btotor toattnt Olt^a* 11, to* IW41S*
nw * parisd af Um ta is* Muastntiiu if toatol ?t:? ci *<U ksara id
assist af kuMa( llmiwi, wkstu, Ion af i^<tit scd Nlfit# nra
fowy abartaaas *f breath* ui, HaUnij ittaia4 pals* nc*a aed
Vto d|i*y dtt dsa aUatuci far atjplMl tana* pur^l/ saaalst f * crtd
MatiM is to* niw f hita Used tUi| a
nUttcstUp hta
to* yaimt if yalfsr^iesfluf sails sad to* l^to7tu ed later n pallor*
Sm to aplortla mill, 7pa ml sr latarsal sipk?zl*tleSf fnUe^l ttj>
latisa tias blacttsj fraa too coasts aasbraaaay pargurty sad noittus tncai
aad find dlstartosass*
asctdss toa ssrlaos vital* affastt* tssssl, la asst with anj
tor HlwtU| av wa a InullUi if tos skis*
fidMicl castoptlttllt? to yclnclii V kuul appstrs autei* to
tost tost auM tf fslsMlaf an sat tola# ropartad toss mtin U a dra parasaaa is aa gtapaaiaa sf ufitjr talass pfcrataal huIuUiu tito kid scots
n aasriad nt as aapt ay ill smi rsfilarl? teles wrpoiait to qntsa as*
*tc*s tos aator freesoati? la at acts* f his cspatara, aad tos telly
ytgr*tslas is tmlly t Ihclllsr tito toa mrlfoaUtltu sf ahrsdt kionl
Ik* tstisasl bfkty dotaell aiaalttsa has rancstried tost a tiS n> daatiaa la tos shits sail hlssd cat steal* to ssstldarsd at sfldasss sf fill* saiai* the cslar isdss sf tos bisod is sat s ttUsbl* srifctriaa* siass dsa* treatise af rsd kid tolls assail? assort fitly lata la toa platan aftar sarisas ar fatal dartft has toas daaa ta toa hlsad finlei cpu Otoir n> diUams as? to precast shifih sasld saass a platara saaashat aiallsr ta tost af
daarasl af to# daarlssa ladisal dasaalatiaa, dal? I7 l?29f fp, tfM3)i
& hUoul iafatj firaill louittM tosrd that y& af tto ir^tdl ufcm to aara itnliid la twlni futtrUi tod Utfcoptola (dam**d imu Um4 mIIi) la alia ar ynmnd itgraa ana thn total taaiutnUn la to air m la* tad aatettai mtlltUn wa feed*
FrmiUti winrn la tofllti m iu^ms a rsto laclnil/ anilrt f wyUtily ndadai rmtuH *r mUlun to la parUUf ur*> fall/ lirtgn* da--sard .draft --atllatl--, to mslti f itltii afcacld to tosakad 1/ air aaapUa*. to Mttod f atolaa, tow--r# la t* nbatllat* icea attar las* tortfal rctot--aa ton paaalbla*
agmttfltaaaiajpggga Sa to prasaat* af toaty tail ta* toH patrolaaa
aa
aaata intoMi pal--ill nwrultt toatoafaa, klarrlsf af tltias* aastal
tofiilit dlaaias#*,
to laaa af aaasaUMatas* fandadLtla atsiaa
aaaaaatratlaaa^ la to air tmtto ar* wtlaatod ta to Area 1800 to 1839
part* par HHaa tor tort aapamaa ato 1000 part* par alUl-- ar law tor paalaagto aipa--ra
ttoa* --totaaaaa art tot*aal--at to afcla trrcbl* la frcqasatly mill la ttoa* to* aw lata aaatlawaa aaataat alto ttoa* Ala--a ar* apt ta is/i* rate tto dlfflaalty ala-- tottovt f--a stops--tlaa, ton* ar* snuci fcy to* gatolla* |rtUi| laati* tto fU--* 4 totolti dmrlkisi praeaatlaaa to to ttoa agalaat all iamatltla la aaalaaad* roirem or inwo on.
la tolttia to tto iaapar af apMtaaaom MtoitlHf llanad iU| tot toatoi gttoa aff indtatlag (mi af as--ltla tort aay to atstoly taxis k WMBtrrtteutxmJ&n amrti nr toUlrt.if Hr. rtite.rflrrl
to--as af llaaa
-33-
( }
xyoaarsS 3 part* par allUsa la wuUn4 tki uxlna pr-a*tfel* Vy tfc*
Ballad llalas hnu of Haas* la dnaii UWffieta bar* baas t fra
tkla ntotaiM os wd la Udittoy, thaajb 11 to irrilatlof is tbs sjoe, mm
sad ttwU Xa aSIltloa Sarsalitis or lofaolteao of tha alia ars oooaea wi|
niter* ladUi| thsas olio- tbsas abasias kTpirtnflUTltjr ara b*rt raasTsd
fro* saaUsl aitt tbaa.
<r
o
o
Percentage frequency o f occurrence o f duet p a rtic le s
ao/
CLQ5 QJ <XZ
Percentage
/Z
frequency
of
s ;0
occurrence
oZfU
d
u
2
s
0
t
p4a0r tic5lQe s GO
70
60
SO 9G & 09
933