Document NGmnZgR7d59KOeKjOqVe1o1Xy

MEMORANDUM TO: /Dr J Dr Dr Dr Dr Dr Mr Roy C. A. Bock J. Gordon Burdick Alvin Davis Lester W. Sanders Leslie J. Schradin Carl J. Sprunk Harry w. Wheeler FROMs Frank Princi# M.D. DATE: February 28, 1961 The enclosed statements represent tentative drafts of what I consider to be company medical policy and medical department policy. They are submitted to you prior to our meeting for your careful review# comments and suggestions. On the morning of March 8th we shall review both these documents with the expectation that we can come to agreement concerning various items. The medical policy of a company should be clearly understood and agreed upon by everyone in the medical department before it is presented to the management for their consideration. Therefore# I hope you will not hesitate to make any changes that you deem necessary or useful# and will be prepared to discuss these changes at the time of our meeting. Although there are many other items on the agenda# these will be presented at the time of the meeting and I do not feel it would be useful to review them in advance. FP:rms ccs W. R. Perdue# Jr. E-00192 MEMORANDUM TO: Dr. Roy C. A. Bock /Dr. J. Gordon Burdick Dr. Alvin Davis Dr. Lester W. Sanders Dr. Leslie J. Schradin Dr. Carl J. sprunk Mr. Harry W. Wheeler PROM: Frank Princi, M.D. DATE: March 7, 1961 The meeting scheduled for March 8 and 9 has been postponed until March 23 and 24. Reservations have been made at the Terrace Hilton for all the out-of-town men. The same agenda will apply except that we shall meet at The Cincinnati Club, 8th and Race Streets. The place of the meeting will be posted on the Club bulletin board under my name. FP:rms cc: W. R. Perdue, Jr. F-00193 ETHYL MEDICAL DEPARTMENT MEETING March 8 and 9/ 1961 Mediterranean Room - Vernon Manor Hotel/ Cincinnati 9 AM - 12:30 PM 12:30 - 2:00 PM 2:00 - 5:00 PM 7:30 PM AG E NDA Wednesday/ March 8 Discussion of medical policy including both administrative and professional aspects. Lunch ' -H/er 7 Medical Department Organization - Channels of Communication - Responsibilities Dinner meeting - Beverly Hills 0o 1 9: 10:00 AM 10 AM - 12:30 PM 12 :30 - 2:00 PM 2: 00 - 3:30 PM 3: 30 - 5:00 PM Thursday, March 9 Toxicology - Experimental - Clinical Medical Records Lunch Activity Reports - quarterly and annual Miscellaneous F--00194 f MEMORANDUM TO: Dr. Emil C. Beyer Dr. B. B. Blackmon Dr. Roy C. A. Bock J Dr. J. Gordon Burdick Dr. Alvin Davis Dr. Earl W. Doty Dr. Walter J. Gillogley Dr. Lester W. Sanders Dr. Leslie J. Schradin Dr. Carl J. Sprunk Dr. D- R. Warren Mr. Harry W. Wheeler FROM: Frank Princi, M.D. DATE: March 9, 1961 The Industrial Medical Association will meet this year in Los Angeles during the week of April 9. It would be advantageous to Ethyl Corporation if there were a good representation of its medical department at these sessions. In the expectation that you will all be able to attend, a meeting of our major medical supervisors and consultants will be held on Tuesday afternoon, April 11th. A conplete agenda and the exact time and place of our meeting will be sent to you in the near future. FP:rms cc: W. R. Perdue, Jr E-00195 f( Tt&iQCfcve ' Medical Department Pc&^cy. 1. The medical program o" Ethyl Corporation's Medical Department Is--established upon well-defined principles of c Preventive Medicine. It is the -res^OTsibiliiy of this department to prevent disease and injury, both occupational and non-occupational, whenever possible. Its major functions, therefore, are diagnosis and prevention of d&oaase. 2. Physicians and nurses in industrial medicine have a dual responsibility, one directly to the company and the other directly to the employee. In order that these responsibilities may be discharged effectively, professional personnel must act at all times as impartial medical advisors. Decisions must be reached at all times after appraisal of all the facts ^ without prejudice. The company should always be ready and eager to accept its full measure of responsibility fbr any clairnsNaf personal injury or illness that arihe out of - employment. It should resist with equal vigor any^unjustified claims . 3. Physician-physician relationships are important HO' any^industrta~med^ca3;Tdepartn^nt and it should be understood that the role of the medical department in keeping the employee in the best possible health is complementary to that of the private physician. One is not a substitute for the other and both are striving for the same objective. It is essential. E-00196 -2- ! therefore, that they should communicate freely with one another. Because of this basic principle/ the medical department Should-''-**--*--// // * '--'i - *-v *-/ & siL**. i hvatlab1e <55&ly to the private physician any medical information that may aid in the management of personal illness. He should also be willing to offer such assistance and services as he may be able to render in an ethical manner. In this fashion/ the industrial physician can keep himself informed of the employee's progress during the co9 urse of non-occupational diseases. These practices not only improve patient-physician relationships but ilso let the employee know that the company is genuinely interested in his welfare. 4. The medical department ghbuld always be available { la, ! for advice in health education. It should always conduct itself in accordance with the best medical tradition and be alert to improving medical techniques. Laboratory examinations i .-Uf should not be done on a routine basis" but should be ordered when indicated by the medical examination. W. 5. Standing orders for nurses a^iuld be in writing and signed by the j^lant Medical Director. These orders will specify which procedures she may carry out and the conditions under which she may exercise her own Judgment. E-00197 6. Certain immunization procedures are important in the prevention of illness in the working environment. These will be carried out by the Medical Department. Those procedures that concern the general health of the individual or specific I -3- health immunizations are the prerogative of the family physician. When the question of special immunization procedures that are of public health importance arise, the plant physician will conduct himself in accordance with accepted medical procedure, company medical policy and the attitudes of the local medical profession. 7. In & professional procedures and relationships, company physicians will be guided try Medical Department policy and the principles of the Council on Industrial Health of the American Medical Association. 8. Nothing in this policy shall be construed as limiting or altering the proper professional conduct of any of its physicians. E--00198 Tentative Medical Policy 1. Ethyl Corporation recognizes the importance of the health of its employees not only as a matter of general public policy but also because each employee is one of the Company's greatest assets. It also recognizes that good health is of importance to the employee himself and to his family so that they may continue to maintain adequate earning power and to avoid the cost of excessive illness. Therefore/ it is ' 0 the general policy of this Corporation to promote good health and to prevent illness by all proper means and to provide a clean and healthful environment. In addition/ it is the policy of Ethyl Corporation to provide toxicological and medical consultation concerning its products. 2. To implement this general policy/ the Corporation has provided a complete medical department with all necessary ancillary services and supervision to eliminate dafety and hygienic hazards. 3. Medical facilities have been provided at all installations for the purpose of promoting good health and preventing illness. The various divisions are staffed by persons who are not only expert in the practice of medicine but who also understand Industrial processes and are able to recognize any possibility of health hazards before serious problems develop. ~00l99 ( -2- < 4. The objectives of the medical department are the maintenance of health, the prevention of disease or injury and the emergency treatment of any medical illness or injury that may arise during working hours. 5. Health maintenance is carried out by routine pre-employment and periodic medical examinations. The former are designed to provide proper placement of prospective employees in order that they will not be likely to produce 9 injury to themselves or their fellow workers. Periodic examinations are designed to provide constant health surveillance of employees so that illness may be detected in its earliest stages when the employee may be guided to competent medical attention at a time when his private physician can be of greatest service. Certain periodic examinations will be required of all employees upon whose health the safety of others is dependent and for those exposed to occupational hazards. 6. Emergency treatment or advice will be provided for any acute medical condition that arises during working hours. Continuing observation of any work-connected illness or injury will also be furnished. The medical department will not give treatment or medical management for non-occupational diseases or injury but will make available to the family physician, upon request, any medical information concerning the patient that company physicians may possess. E-00200 I -37. The primary obligation of all medical department physicians is for th4 health and safety of the employees. Medical information given during the course of professional consultation will remain confidential within medical channels unless the employee requests its release. For the overall benefit of all employees/ however, management shall be entitled to complete information concerning industrial accidents or illnesses or diseases that constitute public health hazards. All pertinent medical data shall be maHe available to management in the event of claim negotiations or litigation concerning a specific injury or illness, except that the extent of any such disclosure may be limited at the discretion of the Medical Director. E-00201 Ethyl Corporation Medical Department I. Historically, for many years, ve have been Involved in the study of the toxicity of organic lead compounds. A. The investigation of the action of lead on the body began In the Depart ment of Physiology of the College of Medicine at the University of Cincinnati In 1925. B. The Kettering Laboratory, where the Medical Department of the Ethyl Corporation has always been housed, was opened in 1930. Since that time, the Laboratory has concerned itself primarily with the effects of lead on man. V .... r- h^' > 1. The Laboratory also concerns itself with all phases of environ mental health; beryllium, vanadium, high-energy fuels, carcino genesis, as well as all practical aspects of industrial hygiene. 2. The Laboratory has a large chemical laboratory in which many varied analyses are done. Including approximately ^0,000 analyses for lead per year, usually related to human exposure. 3. There is an exposure chamber in which two subjects have and are being exposed an atmosphere contaminated with lead. A total lead balance is being carried out on these two human subjects. 4. Because of a continuing and expanding demand for the laboratory services, a new addition to the Laboratory has been started and will be completed in the fall of 1963. II. Since the Medical Department was formed, its prime concern has been the tox icity and hazards of tetraethyllead. A. About forty years ago when the manufacturing of this product began, thirteen deaths soon occurred which could be attributed to this chemical. Since that time there has been no question but that this prosuct is toxic. E-00202 ( nB. Based on early Investigations, procedures were set up for safe hand- ling and since that time, there has been a continued effort to improve the safety procedures. 1. When unforeseen incidents occurred that resulted in poisoning, Intensive study lead to corrective measures; most cases occurred sporadically under certain conditions that have since been cor rected 2. Since those early days of development, manufacturing, and ex ploitation of this compound, there have been only 88 cases of tetraethyllead poisoning in the United States and Canada. 3. In general, these safety procedures have been carefully fol lowed. t 4. There has probably never been a poisonous product, which in relation to the toxicity and total volume produced and used annually, that has a better record than TEL with respect to the rarity of Illnesses associated with handling and distribution. 5. There is littly doubt that the procedures have been success ful in promoting safe handling. 6. The work involving tetraethyllead-can now be done with a mini- a. mum risk to the workmen in manufacturing plants and in the ^ . '~r^, . U r v'- 'L petroleum companies. ' // ' trf A < .' . ' ` --->* ' a-..., "It is axiomatic in industry, that any chem' ical can be manufactured and used /* ' safely with the proper knowledge, no matter how toxic the chemical." III. I will discuss the hazardous Jobs involving the handling of tetraethyl lead, in the order of their hazard, discussing the most hazardous first. A. Tank cleaning and repairing E-00203 1. Though tank cleaning has produced most of the cases of poison ing, there is no question but what it can be done safely if I; / . safety procedures are carefully followed. 1 \ ( B...Manufacturing 1. It has been amply demonstrated that this compoud can be produced safely. 2. The real dange occurs when manufacturing Is attempted without the proper know-how. C. Handling of tetraethyllead at refineries 1. The hazard occurs when the product is transferred from the ship ping to the storage tanks or during the blending into the gaso line. 2. The equipment involved in these operations has been so perfected and the safety procedure so carefully outlined that no illnesses have occurred among 15,000 workers who have been engaged in these operations, some who have been working up to 30 years. 3. When these workers have been studied for the lead content in their urine (which is a measure of their exposure), it is ap parent that they have essentially had no exposure*. It can then be said that their Job is essentially non-hazardous. IV. When tetraethyllead is mixed with gasoline in the concentrations generally used, it is not a hazard to man. A. The standard concentration established in.the United States in 1925 of 3cc./U. S. gallon was based on commercial practice at that time rather than on hygienic considerations. B. The Surgeon General of the Public Health Service approved in 1934 a concentration of 4.5 cc./gallon solely for aviation gasoline. C. In 1959, the Surgeon General approved the raising of the concentration of TEL in gasoline to 4 cc./gallon. His decision was based on the following: E-00204 1. At 4 cc. there were no observed adverse effects on engines. 2. The studies that were done on auto exhausts revealed that the 1 lead content did not change appreciably by going from 3 to 4 cc./ gallon. It also appeared that the change would not Influence smog formation. D. It was felt that this increase in TEL concentration would not increase the hazards involved in the manufacture and distribution of leaded gasoline. E. This change would not significantly increase the hazard to public health. V. TML (tetramethyllead) is an effective antiknock compound with certain desire- able characteristics. This product has about the same toxicity as TEL. A. Sufficient data has been accumulated such that the Public Health Service could state the increasing Jrhe concentration of TML from 2.06 cc./gallon to 2.74 cc./gallon would not increase the hazard to industry or to the public. B. It is also felt that any mixture of these related compounds can be used up to a, concentration of 4.23 grams of lead per gallon. /c-. ( liss ,y VI. Considerable effort has been expended studying the contribution of auto exhaust to atmospheric pollution. A. There.has been an bverall decrease in the concentration of lead in the atmosphere. B. Alkyl lead can be detected on heavily traveled streets. Such positive findings are inconstant and represent only 1-5X of the total lead in the atmosphere. C. Though the lead-in-air has not altered appreciably* in Los Angeles county where there is a large number of autos* there has been a continuing upward trend of carbon monoxide* hydrocarbons* nitrogen dioxide* but no change in sulfur dioxide. These trends have been attributed to the autos. L^>/ E--00705 VII . The function oof the Medical Department of the Ethyl Corporation in (( Is to provide the best possible medical surveillance for Ethyl's customers such that those refinery workers who are exposed to organic lead compounds will not be adversely effected by their exposure. A local physician will be selected as the Ethyl medical consultant. A. The latest Information regarding the toxic action and effects of the organic lead compounds (as well as the other Ethyl products) will be provided to the local medical consultant. Information will also be provided concerning the treatment of poisoning cases. B. The local technical sales representative will coordinate his activities with those of the medical consultant. C. Representatives of the Medical Department will visit the refinery as necessary to provide adequate medical service. / < -oi f c', : f. -00206 REPORT OF MINUTES OP ETHYL CORPORATION MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OH MARCH 8 and 9 /</(,| Present at meetingi Dr. Roy C. A. Bock Dr. J. Gordan Burdick Dr. Alvin Davia Dr. Frank Princi Dr. Lester W. Sanders Dr. Leslie J. Schradin Dr. Carl J. Sprunk Mr. Harry w. Wheeler A tentative medical policy for Ethyl Corporation was defined and discussed. This policy presents the company's purpose in maintaining a Medical Department and describes the overall fashion by which general policy would be maintained and implemented. This policy is consistent with the various policies published by other major corporations in the United States and was acceptable to all those present as a policy that could be carried out realistically. It has been Referred to management for their consideration and possible acceptance. A copy of this policy is enclosed with these minutes. Although the Corporation's medical policy may define and distinguish its point of view toward industrial health/ the professional activities o the Medical Department, are not described therein. For this reason it is' desirable that a professional policy be adopted that is consistent with properly conducted industrial health activities. This becomes the policy of the Medical Department Itself and is entitled "Professional Policy." A copy of this policy is enclosed with these minutes. It was discussed at our meeting and modifications were made in the original draft so that this policy would be acceptable and workable for all those concerned. It was agreed that a free flow of communication is essential for proper control of industrial hygiene hazards and for adequate understanding of all medical problems. In order that proper communication may be established and that all professional persons may be kept informed concerning the toxicity or hazard of any substance with which they are presently or will be concerned a Materials Manual will be issued. This manual will contain all the information that is available concerning each compound with relation to its experimental -00207 -2- r:: and clinical toxicology. As better information is developed, . this manual will be,kept,up to d&te. In the meantime, when - / ; any special problem occurs or any question arises, information will be provided directly by; the central medical department upon request from any installation.: ipi .turn,- any new ,knowledge fj*... developed at the various plants vill be transmitted to -the ,; ,v: /*' central medical department bthvfojvaluation and for ^further transmittal to other pe?sons Wbb might baconcerped .. Special . fe continuing clinical inVMtlga^ohiywillto -Oarri^d out. wither- >;j':. "^ all new compounds so idiat tu^f^ da^ ^ may be developed and:Baepartof our totalfdnd of Jknowledge. , . In 'order!ijmtl**'*'xTM i **'> the '^v^jm^pedicaiJU record?' JTi., V_`.> , systems tthheemm aass .uuassreeeffbuuell ineagaa^^f>f^caftc'^r^mi`aj`ai'ifc^l-^d t'i^i&-l:hoimge-?iiethreal.p, o.tihn5e-tr;ed-arvevt-^e\t\wwofb, fin`tspaokirztiagnt *^ :'; - aspects .`t'^dii^f^p&^^^%_^^:iitstfis^^e'itodi:Btt:^og of thhee.iinndivdiduiavl'.^i&d[J^u^is6atxclktA'hxL(i ethe log' off'f>c^hkae.m.meedief|l -departammt*i=v3k^ti&^ record- :fhelfi*3t. ";Y' , thlng; ta be re<^ded ii tha 'ex^ainaWon and then .-experiences vOf thd\yt3ierV; hn> additional type of fe^Sfd is the disability v *./. ** because ` theore ?-augf`5p* and the saecadYis^ '- This is and 'other^lypes^o: with .any and final recomaandi1 some' oftheae * v9ne; .feason^ot Vopursa,^5#ri / V-,`4 *V. . JL' iecbrds>^v.^.i^: of experlencaa vi special form with H^iich ;t*eyare; such4' things'Mbehav. continued -One :-of .the .comparison: fif * .. -:... . .. ' 'ST; - -: **' ' entlyy *: -~z ;>r; purposes of coding only. It was suggested that it might be useful if laboratory records were also set up on a codable basis and perhaps to allow provision for additional types of examination. In order that an annual report may be submitted to the corporation concerning the Medical Department's activities, it is desirable that all installations report annually to the Medical Director giving a resume of the year's activities. These reports should be in summary form and should Include the following Information. The time spent in pre-employment examinations and the number done.. The number of periodic examinations. The number of special examinations. Time spent in counselling. The number of treatments given. Consultations with private physicians. Time spent in plant meetings. Special problems or incidents that occur during the year. The results of any special investigations. A summary of all medical control procedures. Scientific papers written or addresses given. Future plans both long and short range. . We hope to design a uniform method of reporting so that a comparative estimate of costs may be obtained. This will be discussed further at the April meeting. In order to improve communications and reduce the amount of paper that is being transmitted at the present time, quarterly reports will be submitted that will define modifications of procedures, summaries of periodic examinations without reference to special blood or urine lead levels, important incidents or activities during the quarter, anc' special studies of new products. Immediate reports will be made to the Medical Director either by telephone or in writing (depending 9n the seriousness of the situation) concerning certain serious accidents, injuries or illnesses. The manner in whitf the report is made will be dependent upon the individual yudgmant of the person reporting and the urgency of the problm* Regardless of cause, all .deaths will be reported ixtfdiately is^ortant hospitalizations. Any item that aY be ral interest to others vil/also be Occurs. / E--00209 ( -4- ( It is apparent that with us as with many other organizations we do not lack communications but we have seemed to lack a definition of purpose and direction* This meeting was devoted to discussions of these problems. The central medical department will endeavor to keep all physicians informed concerning any important events within the Corporation or in the field of Industrial medicine in general. Important policy changes in the medical department and any cases of illness that may be of general interest in the field of industrial health will be transmitted to all members of the department for their information. There was a brief discussion concerning new industrial processes and activities that would be put into * operation from time to time at the various plants. It is desirable that any change in process or any plans for new activities be reviewed by the Industrial hygiene Division prior to going In to operation. This activity will implement our policy of foreseeing problems before they become acute. Future meetings of Ethyl Corporation's Medical Department will be held on an annual basis. These meetings may occur during the annual sessions of the American Academy of Occupational Medicine or the Industrial Medical^ Association or may be held at various company locations in rotation. This Item will be the subject of our next meeting and future deliberations will be planned for areas and times when they will be most useful to everyone concerned and of greatest benefit to the Corporation. FPsrms Ss/f" //( v Frank Princi, M.D. 4-6-61 E-00210 ETHYL CORPORATION MEDICAL DEPARTMENT MINUTES OF ANNUAL MEETING JONATHAN CLUB, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA April 11, 1961 The primary purpose of this meeting was to bring together the mem bers of the Medical Department in order to explain medical policy and objectives. This department is a service organization whose principal objectives are to maintain health, prevent illness and injiury and provide to iranagement proper medical and scientific advice concerning all health problems. The Corporation's Tentative Medical Policy was discussed and it was explained that this policy was the specific prerogative of management and was subject to modification and approval by the Corporation. It was, essen tially, the Corporation's explanation of its own point of view and attitudes toward health problems that might affect the organization, either directly or indirectly. The professional policy of the Medical Department was also discussed and explained. This policy defines departmental activities and professional responsibilities. No modifications of this policy were suggested. The need for periodic medical department reports was explained and their composition defined. The character and outline of these reports was explained and th?ir ultimate purpose was discussed. It was apparent that these reports would contain both administrative and professional items. . For this reason, it is essential that copies of these reports be sent to the proper administrative officer - in most instances the plant manager. -00211 The policy for field medical examinations is being reviewed critically ( 2. and will be defined at the appropriate time. In the meantime, field examina tions will be conducted as they have been in the past. Dr. Bock and Mr. Wheeler described the environmental, clinical and laboratory observations of TML operators. Although this was a preliminary report, it established the fact that TML was being produced without hazard and that continued periodic observations suggested that no untoward physiologic effects would occur among the workers. This type of study is invaluable from * the point of view of plant hygiene and for the purpose of establishing a clear perspective concerning the true hazards of the chemical. Later in the year, and at the proper time, Dr. Bock and Mr. Wheeler will write a consolidated report that will compare environmental concentrations, lead excretion and clinical observations. It was emphasized that there is an area of intra-plant medical observation that lends itself rather readily to scientific observation. Controlled studies of this type will aid materially in defining a number of chemical hazards. For this reason, all plant physicians were requested to consider the possibility of undertaking routine clinical and laboratory studies that might be adaptable for scientific reporting. This policy is consistent with similar activities throughout the chemical industry. The central medical department will assist in the design and pursuit of all studies of this type, upon request. The data from such investigations will be released only as confidential reports and would be published only with the final approval of management. Time did not permit the discussion of medical forms. However, this is a long range project and requires considerable thought and mutual consultation. A number of different types of medical forms were distributed for future study and consideration. A copy of a review of medical records by Dr. Davis is lli -00212 included with these minutes. 3. E--00213 ! meoic&l Director ETHYL CORPORATION MEDICAL DEPARTMENT EDEN AND BETHESDA AVENUES CINCINNATI 19, OHIO May 10, 1961 Dr. Gordon Burdick Ethyl Corporation Box 472 Pasadena, Texas Dear Gordon: First, permit me to congratulate you on your election to the presidency of the Texas Industrial Medical Association. It is always a pleasure to see members of our staff actively engaged in outside medical affairs. I am also delighted to learn of your program for senior student nurses. I most certainly agree that an article describing this program would be valuable not only to the corporation but also to the field of industrial nursing. May I urge you to consider seriously writing this article. As far as the question on Teflon is concerned, Dr. Sanders has answered it rather adequately in my absence and I do not feel you need any further comment from me. FP:rms E-00214 ( TO: Dr. R. C. A. Bock Dr. J. G. Burdick Dr. C. J. Sprunk Mr. H. W. Wheeler FROM: Frank Princi, M.D. DATE: August 10, 1962 ( Information copy to Mr. Perdue Although our annual medical meeting is designed for the purpose of discussing mutual problems and medical policies, I feel that it is too large in numbers and too brief in terms of time for effective discussion. I am eager, particularly, to determine whether or not our medical policies are cohesive, uniform and effective. In addition, with a department such as ours, it is important for us at the central medical office to know whether or not we are doing too much, too little or assisting you ineffectively. On the other hand, I am equally certain that you wish to have closer contact and liaison with us in order that collectively we may perform our services in a better fashion. These questions are obviously all matters of policy and I feel that they can be resolved best by mutual discussion. For this reason, I am planning a two-day meeting in Cincinnati on September 18th and 19th. If this date is inconvenient for any of you, it can be changed readily. However, if I hear no dissenting voices by August 27th, I shall assume the dates meet with your approval. If you wish that hotel reservations be made by us, please notify my secretary and advise her of your mode of travel and time of arrival. Enclosed is a copy of the tentative agenda. Please suggest any additions or modifications, including particularly any subjects you would like to have discussed. FP:rms cc: R. T. P. deTreville S. I. Lerner L. W. Sanders L. J. Schradin Frank Princi, M.D. F-00215 WORLD WHO'S WHO IN SCIENCE A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF NOTABLE SCIENTISTS FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE PRESENT A Component Volume of The Marquis Biographical Library FIRST EDITION Editor ALLEN G. DEBUS Professor of the History of Science University of Chicago Associate Editors RONALD S. CALINGER EDWARD J. COLLINS Managing Editor STEPHEN J. KENNEDY MARQUIS-WHO'S WHO INCORPORATED The A. N. Marquis Company--Founded 1897 W Marquis-Who's Who Building 200 East Ohio Street r* Chicago, Illinois 60611 -V F--00216 (( KEENAN, Philip Childs, Am. astronomer; b. Bellevue. Pa., Mar. 31, 1908; s. Charles C. and Evelyn (Childs) K.; 0.S., U. Aril., 1929, M.S.. 1930; Ph.O., U. Chgo., 1932. Instr., Yerkes Obs., U. Ch90.. 193642; physicist Bur. Ordnance, Navy Oept., 1942-46; faculty Ohio State U., Columbus, also Ohio Wesleyan U., Deteware, 1935*36, 46--, asso. prof, astronomy, 1940-56, prof., 1956--. Mem. Am., Royal astron. iocs. Author: (with W. W. Morgan, E. Kellman) An -Atlas of Stellar Spectra, 1942; also numerous arti cles. Research in stellar spectral classification. Home: 5303 N. High St., Columbus, 0. 43214. Office: Per kins Obs., Delaware, C 43015.* KEENEY, Arthur Hail, Am. ophthalmologist; b. Louisville, Jan. 20, 1920; s. Arthur Hale and Eugenia (Hail) K.; B.S., Coll. William and Mary, 1941; M.0,, U. Louisville, 1944; M.Sc., U. Pa.. 1952, O.Sc., 1955; m. Virginia Alice Tripp, Otc. 27, 1942; chil- dren--Steven Harris, Lee Douglas, Martha Black- ledge. Resident surgeon Wills Eye Hosp., Phila.. 1949- 51; dir. ophthalmic research, instr. to asso. prof, oph thalmology U. Louisville Sch. Medicine. 1951-65; area cons, ophthalmology to VA, 1954--; ophthal- mologist-in-chief .WMIe Eye Hosp. and Research Inst., Phila., 1965--. Recipient Bedell award. 1951; Zent- mayer award, 1951. Fellow Am. Ophthalmology Soc.; mem. Soc. Oftal. dt Columbia, Am. Acad. Ophthal mology and Otolaryngology. A.M.A., Am. Assn. Auto motive Medicine (pres.). Author: Chronology of Oph thalmic Development, 1951; Lens Material in the Pre vention of Eye Injuries, 1957. Contbr. numerous arti cles to mtd. jours, on capillary mechanisms in glau coma; macular disease; strabismus; dyslexia; New castle virus disease; safety lens materials. Home: 8320 Seminole Av,, Phlli. 19116. Office: 1601 Soring Garden SL, Phila. 19130. * KEEPEN, Vladimir Petrovich, see K3ppen, Wladimlr Peter. KEEPIN, George Robert, Jr., Am. physicist; b. Oak Park, III., Oec. 5, 1923; s. George Robert and Erfene (Bennett) K.; Ph.B., U. Chgo., 1945; B.S., Mass. Inst. Tech., 1946, M.S., 1947; Ph.O., Northwestern U.. 1949; m. Madge Mary Twomcy, June 13, 1948; chil dren--Robert. William, Ardis, Mavis, Oenice. Posttfoaoral fellow AEC, U. Cal. at Berkeley. 1949-50; pnysics staff U. Minn., 1950-52; research physicist Los Alamos Sci. Lab., 1952--, grouo leader pulsed neutron research, 1966--. Staff officer Internal. Atomic Energy Agy. confs.; cons., mem. ems. profls. orgns. Fellow Am. Phys. Soc., Am. Nuclear Soc.; mem. Fedn. Am. Scis., Sigma Xi. Author: Physics of Nuclear Kinetics, 1965; also chpts. other books, articles in profl. jours. Oeveloped technioue for measurement of reutron energy spectra; delayed neutron and reactor physics research; inventor techniques for intemat. nu clear safegaurds, inspection and surveillance of fis sile materials. Home: 155 Tunyo St. Office: Los Alamoi Sci. Lab., Los Alamos 875*4. KEESOM, Willem Hendrik, Outch physicist; b. Texel Island, 1876; became prof. U. Leyden'(Netherlands). 1923. Produced solid helium, 1926; measurements on exaansion coefficients of solid bodies at very low tem peratures; specific melting and evaporation heat of hydrogen and helium. KEETON, William Tinsley, Am. rooiogist; b. Roa noke, Va.. Feb. 3, 1933; s. William ivie and Ooris (Tinsley) K.; A.8., U. Chgo., 1952, S.B., 1954; M.5., Va. Poly. Inst., 1956; Ph.0., Cornell U., 1958; m. Barbare Sue Orcutt, Aug. 9, 1958; children--Lynn Sue. Nancy Lee. Instr., Radford Coll., 1956; SchulerGage fellow Cornell U., 1956-56, faculty, 1958--, asso. prof, biology, 1964--. Cons., N.Y. State Edn. Oeot.. 1961--. Fellow AJLA.S. (council 1963--); mem. Soc. for Study Evolution, Soc. fer Systematic Zoology, Am. Entomol. Soc., Am. Soc. Zoologists, Animal Behavior Soc., Phi Kapea Phi, Sigma Xi, Gamma Alpha (nat. recorder 1960--1. Author: A Taxonomic Study of the Miillped Family Spriobolidae, 1960; Biological Science, 1967; also articles. Re search in evolutionary biofogy with particular empha sis on roles geographic and behavioral isolation in process soeciation of animals, evolution of behxvior, homing behavior. Home: S Snyder Heights, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850.* KEFFER, Frederic, Am. physicist, educator; b. An aconda, Mont., May 23, 1919; s. Robert and Plaeie (Munter) K.; 8.S.. Wash. State U.. 1945: Ph.O., U. Cal. at Berkeley, 1952; m. Lore Mana Sanders, Apr. 24, 1949; children--Thomas, Leslie. Faculty physics U. Pitts., 1952--, prtf., 1959--, dept, chmn., 1963--; vis. orof. physics U. Cal. at Berkeley, 195960. Cons. Westinghouse Research Labs., 1952*55, Bell Telephone Labs., summer 1961. Mem. A.A.A.S., Am. Phys. Soc. Contbr. articles on theory of ferromagne tism, antiferromagnetism, magnetic resonance, soin waves, double refraction, suoerexchange, dipolar in teractions. magnetic anisotrcoy to prof!, pubis. Home: 235 woodtide Rd.. Pitts. 15221.* KEGEL, Otto H., mathematician; b. Bethlehem, Pa., July 20, 1934; s. Friedrich Otto and Margarets (Wink, cimann) K.; Ph.O., U. Frankfurt/Main (Germany), 1961; m. Waltraut Waliner. Apr. 6, 1961; 1 dau., Hannah. Vis. asst. prof. U. Chgo., 1963-4*: p-cent U. Frankfurt/Main. 1966--. Mem. Am., German, French, London math. socs. Contbr. articles in field to tech. jours. Address: 40 Att-Roedelheim, Frankfurt/Main, Physiologic des N.S. von Standpunkt der Regeluna West Germany.* slehre. Coeditor: Kybemrtik (mag.), Zeitstivift KEGELES, Gerson, Am. chemist; b. New Haven, Apr. 23, 1917; Alex and Jennie (Wilder) K.; B.S. in Chemistry, Tale, 1937, Ph.D,, 1940, postgrad. 1940* 4|; postgrad. U. Wiv. 19*5-47; m. Bertha Webber, Apr. 16, 1944; children Winifred, Lawrence, Stan enerimentclle Meditin. Research on electrephysiotoc of sense organs, cybernetics, physiology of central nr vous system. Home: am Meilwatd 23. Office: Physio logical Institute, University of Eriangen/Ntiremberg Univcrsitltstrasse 17, Erlangen, Germany. ley, Gloria, Joyce. Rnrarch phys. chemist Nat Cancer KEIL, Karl Louis, German meteorologist: b. Wt: Inst., 1947.51; mem. faculty Clart U.. 1951--, prof, pertai-EIbcrfcId, Germany, Nov. 7, 1848; s. Kar chemistry. 1956--, chmn. dept., 1960-63; cons, to industry, 1954--. Mem. Am. Acad. Arts and Scis., A.A.A.S., Am. Assn. U. Profs., Am. Chem. Soc., Am. Soc. Biol. Chemists, Biophys. Soc.. Washington Acad. Sch. Research and pubis, primarily on optical meth ods to facilitate the study of biol. materials, especially protein molecules. Home: 14 Tahanto Rd., Worcester, Mau. 01602.* Guido and WiUielmine (Schmits) K.; Ph.O, U. Gies sen; m. Use Koppen, Oec. 3, 1926; children--EtrT hard. Kart, Otto. Asst., collaborating scientist Prussia* Obs., Lindcnbcrg; with Prussian Meteorol. Inst., 6r* tin; govt, counselor Reichsamt fur Wetterdienst. Ber lin; cons. German Meteorol. Service, head library and information sects.. Bad Kissingen; dir. climate at mospheric sect. German Central Office Meteorology, KEHL, William Louis, Am. physicist; b. Canton, 0., Apr. 14, 1915; s. Herman E. and Lela (Shepherd) K.; A.B., Washington and Jefferson Call., 1938; M.S., State U. fa., 1941; postgrad. U. Pitts.; m. Marie E. Clark, Nov. 28, 1942; children Dennis W., Lomine Offenbach. Mem. German Meteorology Soc., German Soc. Geophysics. Aulhcr Haadworterbuch der Meteorol. ogie, 1950, the articles. Editor: Meteorol. Rund schau, SprUiger-Vertag. Heidelberg. Address: Schepenhauerstmse 24, 605 Offenbach/M., Germany. E. With Gulf Research 4 0ml. Co,, Pitts., 1941--, KEIL, Werner, German rooiogist, ornithologist; b. sr. research physicist. 1962--. Mem. Am. Crystallo graphic Assn. (sec. 1964--), Am. Phys. Soc., Pitts. Diffraction Soc., Am. Soc. for Testing Materials. Re search, pubis, on phase behavior inorganic mixed oxide systems, structural and catalytic properties mixed oxides and solid solutions metals; developed improved oil well casing perforator. Improved catalysts for pe troleum processing. Home: 1942 Fox Ousel Rd., Gicssen-Lahn, June 5, 1925; s. Karl and Withelmin (link) K.; Pk.0., Justus-Liebig U., Giessen/Lahn; a. Erika Schmitt Feb. 16, 1952; 1 child, Julia. Assl, Obs. Applied Ornithology, Hessia, Rhenania, Pfalr. Sarre., 1952-43 dir., 1964--. First ores. OmithoS. Observing SU. Unttmuin, Frankfort. Recipient Sliver me.'al Union Oef. of Ornithology. Mem. German Sec. Ornithologists. Author: Emihrungsbieiogie von Sing- Pitts. 15236. Office: P.0. Drawer 2036. Pitts. vogeln; Steigcrtmg der sietflungsdichte von Ve<n; 15230.* Abwehr von Vogdschiden In der Forts-und Landwirt- schaft; UrttersudwngeA sum Einsatz von Vogel in * KEHOE, Robert Arthur, Am. physician; b. George town, 0., Nov. 16, 1893; t. Jeremiah W. and Jessie (Jones) K.; student Ohio State U., 1414-15; 6.S., Rahmen der biologischen Sdiidlingsbcklmpfuag. Ra setreb on applied ornithology. Address: Stcinauer Strasse 44, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. U. Cut., 1918. M.O., 1920; m. Ladle Marshall. June 11, 1920; 1 dau., Kithieep. Pathologist, Jewish Hosp., Cin.r 1920-24; faculty U. Cln. Coll. Medicine, 1921-49, research prof., 1939-49, prof, occvoational medicine, eir. Inst. Indsl. Health, 1948-65, dir. deot. preventive medicine and indsl. health, 1948-65, prof, emeritus occucational medicine, 1964----; dir. Ket tering Lab., 1930-65. Med. dir. Ethyl Corp., 192558; nat. cons. USAF Surgeon Gen. U. Cln. Grad. Sch. Arts wd Scis. fellow, 1937--. Recipient Knudsen award; 19*8-49; Tech, and Sci. Sect. Council On. award, 1952; Pub. Health Fedn. Cln. award, 1963. Fellow A.M.A. (vice chmn. council on Indsl. health 1944--), Am. Pub. Health Assn, (governing council 1955--), Am. Acad. Occucational Medicine (pres. 1949, award 1457); mem. Royal Soc. Health, Indsl. Med. Assn., A.A.A.S., Am. Physiol. Soe., Am. Indsl. KEILHOTZ, Gerald W., Am. chemist; b. West Ches ter, Pa., Aug. T, 1912; s. Watson H. and Bessie (Weslens) K.; BJL, Lincoln U.; M.A., U. Utah; Ph.0.. Cre. State U.; m. Barbara J. Jackson, June 1948* chilem --Candace, Carol, Michelle. Instr., On. State U., 1941-42; research chemist Gen. Chem. Co., 1942-44, Sylvani* Electric Co., 1944-48; instr. U. Tern., 194852; with Oak Ridge Nat. Lab., 1948--, reactor chem istry div., 1958--. Mem. Am. Chen. Soc., An. Nu clear Soc., Sci. Research Soc Am. Research, pubis. In micro analysis, microwave spectroscopy, Isoiscic analysis, radiation damage, effects of radiaticn sn corrosion of structural materials by molten flucridcs. high temperature measurements, fission product re lease, transport and deposition. Home: 7121 Cheshire Or, Knowilie, Tenn. 37919. Office: P-O. Bo* X. Hygiene Assn., Am. Chem. Soc., Air Pollution Control Ridge 37830.* Assn. Am. (Mellon award I960), Sigma Xi, others. Research, numerous pubis, field occupational health, toxicity of inosl. products, solvents, metals, organic compounds, fcenavior of certain mineral elements, trace metals, especially lead and fluorides. Home: 345 Resor Av., Cln. 45220. Office: Kettering Lab. U. Cin. Coll. Medicine, Eden Av., Cin. 45219. KEILIN, OtvM, btoiegist; b. Moscow, USSR, Mar. 21, 1667; M.A., Magdalene Colt., Cambridge: pref. biology Cambridge U., 1931-52, also dir. Molten Inst, Fetlow Royal Soc (Cooley medal 1951), French Acad. Scis. (asso. fgn.). Research on biochemistry ef higher Oiptera; demonstrated existence of cytccaxmt (pigment found In some yeast and bacteria cells). Of KEHR, August Ernest, Am. geneticist; b. Frankfort, fice: Mclteno last., Camoridgt, End. Ky., Mar. 2, 1914; s. Carl Adolf and Anna Either (Heller) K.; B.S., Cornell U., 1936, M.S., 1947, Ph.O., 1950; m. Mary Louise Coon, Oec 26, 1942; 1 dau., Janet Marie. Tchr. sci. and agr., Unadilla, N.Y., 1936-42, Hucson, N.Y., 1942-47; research asst, plant breeding Cornell U., 1947-50; asso. prof, horti culture La. State U., 1950-54; with Oeot. Agr., also prof, horticulture la. State U.,-1954-58: asst. br. chief, vegetaoles and ornamentals research br. Oept. Agr., Seltsville, Md., 1958-65. br. chief, 1965----- . KEILL, James, physician; b. Scotland, Mar. 27, 1673; M.0., Cambridge, Eng.; began practice metitint, Northhampton, Eng., 1703. Fellow Royal Sec.. 1711. Authors The Anatomy of the Human Body, 1698: An Account of Animal Secretion, the Quantity of Blood in the Homan Body, and Musudar Motion, 17C8. Suooerted mech. or iatrp-math. sch. medicine; ap plied math, calculus to physiology; estimated otanUty of blood In human body, blood flow, and force Mem. fellowship evaluation com. NSF, 1957-59. Mem. of heart. Oied July 16. 1719. Am. Genetics Assn. (pres. 1964--), Soc Study Growth and Oevel., Am. Potato Assn., Am. Soc Hort. Sci., Sigma Xi, Phi Kaopa Phi, Gamma Sigma Delta. Centbr. articles profl. jours., chpts. in books. Home: 10202 Green Forest Or., Silver Spring, Md. 20903. Office: Plant Industry Station, Seltsville, Md. 20705.* KEILL, Jobs, Brit, mathematician; b. Edinburgh. Scotland, Oec 1, 1671; Incorporated M.A.. 8a;*ti CoiL, Oxford, Eng., 1694, O.M.. Oxford; 1713; M.A.. Edinburgh U.; . Mary Clements; 1 son. Became leer, exptl. philosophy Kart Hall, Oxford, 1700, Saviitan prof, geometry, 1713; trees, of Palatines, 1709-11: decyphertr to Oucen Anne, 1712-13. Mem. Comma, KEHR, William Ralph, Am. agronomist; b. Blue Earth, Minn., July 1, 1921; s. John J. and Mary G. (Reintjes) 3.S., U. Minn.. 1943. Ph.0., 1949; M. S., Kan. Suit U.. 1947; m. Marie C. Sterner, June 22, 1946: children--Mary A., James W., Donald R. Plant breeder Cal. Packing Corp., Rochelle. III., 1949- 53: research agronomist crops research d*. Agr. Re search Service. i). S. Oept. Agr., prof, agronomy U. Neb., Lincoln, 1953--. Fellow Am. Soc Agronomy (dir.), A.AJI.S.: mem. Crop Sci. Soc Am. (dir.). Am. for Longitude. Fellow Reyal Soc., 1700. Author . troductlo td veram physiam, 1701; On the Laws e# Attraction. 170B; On the Newtonian Solution at Kep ler's Problem, 170B; Eucltdls f(emntoniij|jbri. 1717; Introduction ad veram uvonomiam, 1^18. Offended Newton's claim as inventor ef differential calculus * answer to Leibnitz. 1705; aoplication of Huygneos theorems of centrifugal force to explain figure earth; studied cohesion and elasticity; urged reveal of study ef Eudid, 1717. Oied Oxford, Aug. 31. 172.. Dehydrators Assn, (research council). Sigma XI, Al pha Zeta, Gamma Sigma Delta. Research, numerous pubis, in genetics and improvement of alfalfa and grain crocs, breeding methods, insect and oisease resistance. Quantitative Inheritance, chem. composi tion, genetics and cytogenetics of self- and crossfeniiity, momt. systems of alfalfa. Home: 1410 N. KEIM, Christopher Peter, Am. physicist; b. Team* sch. Neb.. Apr. 6, 1906; s. Jacob Henry ******? (Pohlenz) A.B., Neb. Wesleyan U-, 1927, ScO-. 1959; M^,, U. Neb.. 1932. Ph.O.. 1940; m. U*C:U Parii. June 25. 1929: children--Virginia Ann (Mrs. Clark Kayes), Robert Christopher. Engr.. Lincoln *- 37th Sc, Lincoln. Neb. 68503.* 4 Tel. Co. (Neb.), 1929-31; orof. phys. scis. (Neb.) Coil.. 1933-37: research fellow U. Neb., 19J- KEIDEL, Wolf-Oieter, German pnysioiogift; b. Gei- 40; mem. chemistry faculty Tulsa U., 19<0-41; mersheim, Dec. 14, 1917; s. Georg and Fanny (Ootter- search engr. SylvanJa Electric Products Coro.. S*,*,B* weieh) K.; M.D.; m. Ursula Ludwig, Sect. 4, 1943; Mass., 1941-42; researtn fellow Mellcn Inst.. Puts-* children Dorothea. Ingrid, Matthias. 0ir. Physiol. 19*2-44; sr. physicist Tnn. Eastman Czrs.. -a Inst., U. Erlangen/Nuremberg, 1961--, also full Ridge, 19*4-47, Unin Carbide Corp., 1947; o*r. srof. physiology. Mem. German Physiol. Soc. (1st see.), stable iutcoe research and orodn. div. Cak Ridge Nat. N. Y. Acad. Scis., Orias-Ilbro-Paris Coll. Author: Ky- Lab., 19*7-57, dir. tech, information div.. 1957--. bemetik in -i/ueldarttellungen; Vibratiensreceotion; dir. Mgmt. Services, Inc. Re:ipient Alumni Achieve- 916 E-00217