Document NGZ4qGz9yZQxB8ZGB11b1D78D

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1933 Aug DOC#: NSC137 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: NSC - National Safety News PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT | V S tU Z ^ Rational Safety News N ational Safely Council Officers. 1932-1933 P u blished m on th ly in the interest of ae.cidetit prevention and the health of industrial workers jiMHiurT I. J*i<tilie Safety Virr* PtTsl<Jem fo r J , IL C fU JN tY , V le e -P m u d n it f r l > Ctneertne U. Vokwi, V k e l'm .ld e n t f o r ,MrtnJjer*liip <i. T . Uf.iXMvru, Vle<!-Pre*iieni f o r fluineis A dm inl& tntino VOL. XXVIII, No. 2 J n S IL I.AKC, Y let-P rrx id rv n fr 5iafrty Council* r.musc 11. W jjit o Y ir* .P re* id e n t fo r ! Im im tru ii .SuiH r Un. f.ASUtr IL NNa t m x , V k r . P re s id e n t | f r Health C O N T E N T S f o r A U G I S T . 1 9 3 3 At.nrirr \V. W iiitnkt, Y iee.Prrxhlrtn fnr l-X u m lin n \Y iu . C.nnrt. T rm iiire r \\*. II. f.aMrJuiN, S ecretary a*l .Manatii* i O irre tir We Can't Advance Without Records--J. L. t'andegrift..................................... 9 What "Perm issible" Means in Respiratory Protection--'William / \ Y a n t ___11 Executive. Committee Member* al 1jr g e Uncovering the Fire Hazard?-- I. H'. l u s t ..........................................................13 Pays the Small Plant Too-- Hubert L. S elim itt....................................... 16 Handling M aterial--A Real Problem ior the Safety Man--./. A. I 'u r d y ...........17 J . | Iu n i x i i , 0 n > u ltiiic K n s in e v r K x i * i NV, Ihn.K . 1*11*1! SUI-* H iiIih t Oi. . W . II. M a tm sin s l*irvir |(Or,iiT !. t tTi ix , The A ih t a l.if* itiM ir. IMI* (*jm. W ill. The Slrvrtjx Facing the Future--AI. A. C i m b e l .........................................................................19 Mechanical Control of Occupational Disease-- David S. B e y e r ........................21 Ait Eye Saved-- Stctvart J. Owen, Jr...................................................................23 Sound Objectives for the Vocational School-- John A. McCarthy .................... 25 The Congress R eporter........................................................................................ 27 Tv "'illion Children Ride in School Buses-- Curtis B illings........................... 29 J*J. IL C r ilI X E Y . IJethlelwiM Sie ri (X rp Imxa, Klevair! Ita iiw a y jtWAu li. Fakoa. liurr(Mtcii<H\\>ilnjne A Cu. V. S. A.. Ine. (Ha. TliOVIX \V. tiOtUJNC. SupCTtillrfUi/Tlt n i S d iM it. A krnn. Ohi I U m t ranijuarr. Tlie Ih iltm it C o m p a n y C, T . C itieuA North Shorr k M ilw a u k e e liatirnMii ('a ilttuikrj; IL llu x , SV<r Y ork Central U n* Iran Cu. K h an 3. L u u i u x , Kurt PU t M a ll r a l iir J m x K. f^ncc. T h e l*e*ae-are k It a d i e n lU ilm o d <Xrp, (iw m s c K. S a n rana, ( ^ n m l W e etrle C u. TV'. S v i n i , S U i M h r d <IU On. *lit *L * .V im in i M. T<u, Cotittliitie M a r in a K n - Electric Shock and Burns Cause Much Lost T im e.............................................36 Uoftular D e p a rtm e n ts 1.ill"i,;1 " l'iM vr ot fhc 4 1 :- M.-4.iijiiu; l5irt*Oti I'a.m N T Ik* S jJctr I.ihfjrv AH vj:;v inlUVIUMI Cjftix to O rn im i* KW itts -IS Ha' >4it*;v lixclwnec yZ K*i m i u I> ..V) {luMfui McaltJi V* V i t i t l i r M jiiu A < ia u ! .VC *Iir Hulldin ILufl l<) U h* Huvers' Servi** S3 Carman T. Fish, Editor G. M. Bwccs, Associate Editor S t a n l e y H. K e r s h a w , Poster Editor C. H. M il l e r , Advertising Manager '` p v n a l it j}S3 Uy N a ti o n a l S a f e l y C u n H I . li*. l 'r l m e d in l '.S .A . I 'u U is Ii h I m m itil> . Cm iv i.m! ;ip e ^ m d - c t a * i n u t t i T J u n e 1. 1i31. u t II !\nt Orti- n i 'hi*ni:o. HI.. u m i t r tin* **t lait-li Z, J KTN. A d d iti o n a l e n t r y a i S i. J 'w t'ld i, M irti. T1* !tiin>i*ri|ttlon prie*.* t< ii t r in i 't > fi tra t*** tf il* N \ V T ! * N A I. S . t K K T Y N K V V .< ' l i . `in |n*r y o u r . S t r i d e cui!**. 4n <*tnts*. i<e*luc**l q u a n t it y prie* i'r y e a r l y M ih e vrij'.'.. lu,w* a n d s i n g l e c o p i** <n r**|Ueei. S g i n fri{it joust a r e a v a i l a b l e *ri y t u in e m l *i' <f tir* N a t io n a l s . f . iy l '. n i m il. A u d it B u re a u of C ircu la tio n . That m a g a t in e le in d e x e d In tit' It id u n t r ia l A r t In d e x . S te te tn c n t a n d o p i n io n # a d r a n e v d In x ig t ie d a r t i d f i a r e to Im* u m lr n t / H w i s im liv U lu n l -*pr -R ton^ tlf ( n e t r a u t h o r , n o i lit o t e o f t h e N a t io n a l S a f e l y /'itneil National Safety Council, Inc. M. W a r a , Tnlaw l'iw illr S ju ir a t I mi. l U M in II. V V itw s, A n u tle in T e if- Ithnne & Teieitrapii Cn. Ai.ar.rr W . VViliTXtr. Xallnm it tkireau f Casualty and Surely r w i f r r H t m I h. O I L A. VVw m * , V ile M ed im i Srlrm l St Hciirr^MiliiijS Snfotv ('mutfil. i VVi i u a m K. Aiim .iiv'. W ix. 1 A. IUhmtt. Yrk C*a*ii*. I*a. i IlI.u t\sVi.i iDN wMtn.K, m(3sr*\pi|.Kl-M*viniixlHi. )U. VV. \V. IMitwarr IL t.. Soihsm. Sr IUtpw, <***, J . It. T \w . tUniil*<tM(n. Ala. Iv*prt*ciiliit^ SiMottr1 i(.'kaIIs.' i:JtmII.ifc-^rM. iIAMN.UMk u(rUilielilir Vh m i * IL I.msiitvsmt. M in in a J. J. h t A i i . leaner am ! P u lp (I. S. S iim i, A.ViK-KiUSiorrrtnc It. T. Si4.N3Crr.N, A r rh ir it l |,rr v e n li ii i'.ifttiptitrttl M a n u fa e lu rrrx ^ P JPrcsidi-uii \Y. ijLMrr.i.(. A n i t 'ii T. kaMiV l.irw H. Paiomui I)a\-ih Van* NotAAr.k * ItAMHI f . HimAJM** (A'lulAtKiiiUi* IIt*.. YTfelUvNMAN M a in :*** A. li n e (.( i s A. iHtlllJM# <j*l It. A rai. i iia ck5 it. Scott nn ai.t. <i. K m l i i i u n C. Nuuu* I.t M auh tlirNHT A. lU.NiN*;* C, Ki'M XI l*nrt(iiN* ! *i. W. | ujh<m' isi f f*o/'rr il** .tn u u i r f r u i i ,N*/*./< u-ul i . i i i i i 'miii 2 0 N a r l i i \\ a **k c r D r iv i* . (!luc;ioi. I . S. N<*w V o r L <.)ITifC. 9 K ii^ l 4 l e t S t r c r l ( inr....... c ii... r.i n:,-;.;..., \ v .i ** ... i i I liK io r a r v M*nior> 1 I'.<* * U . < U x n r \ u . i.riM N n r la n iv A S r .^ i I li- K ^ . .* - I',,VkM 4.MA Amtmi n VVii.U A k t 6 * " w 'wgMTEgww w W i M W^ i g ^ ^ The M echanical Control of Occupational D iseases By DAVID S. BEYER"- THE mechanics! control of industrial disease cannot be covered adequate|v in a single article; all we ,;ui hnjv to do is to touch upon a few ,.i tlio mportani [Mints encountered by plant managers who arc straggling :h :)iir problem today. I'li.-r-- are some forty different diseases -ht-dulcd in the compensation acts of various American stales; in Massa chusetts. Connecticut and several other states there Is no definite list of diseases iliai arc compensated, but these diseases an- considered as "personal injuries'under the law and compensation is paid without any specific schedule of disease Many of these diseases are of f* frequent occurrence. Probably most of us outside the medical profession have -x-ver even heard of " ( '.onionta iiamassi" iAfrican boxwood) on " miner's nystag mus.-' which appear on some of the state lists. A half dozen of the more iml*ir!am diseases, however, will proltably ver ninety percent of the total pay ments in-ing made thrdughout industry for .ill industrial diseases today. An analysis of approximately $300.000 in losses of one insurance company doing a general workmen's compensation and liability business, for recent industrial disease claims, showed J& * mw PIT cases involving.putUHWttBti l ^ y fftirludIng silicosis. asli<ijiUli'lWS fft6 per cent for I! poisoning, 9 per cent for various (orm < .,f dermatitis, S per cent for benzol. :nd the remaining 6 per cent for scatter ing i ..uses such as carbon monoxide, carlion tetrachloride, chrome and chlor ine. We will accordingly look at the sub ject from the standpoint of these few im portant causes, bearing in mind that the most important of all is covered by the general heading of pneumoconiosis, or diseases caused by dust. Of these disi-e- ih,. most serious come from inhalng il,,- ii, a found in sand, granite dust, thr.i-iv |t,iurl'.rs. etc. , ' ' f l i f f s I t l M U a n d CtM*i Kurl*r. i*er,v Mutual liiMifNiiet* ConiwAV, Drt*' p . M a i i a p a p e r r e a d &( lA e T w e l f th A nntifil S itfH v C n n frro u c e o f th e M a ts ' r >*UatiP SgfM iv r.M in r ll 1 Botli tlie engineer and the physician a re needed in protect ing the health of the w orker and the pocket hook of the em ployer. In this article Mr. Beyer presents the engineering side of the problem . In the Ju n e issue Dr. W. Irving Clark discussed it from the p o in t o f view .of th e physician When the subject of dust is mentioned 1 stops to figure how many 13-gram bot most of us probably think of visible par tles are contained in a ton of this dust, ticles. In fact, much of the dus't re its potentialities are appalling. The moval work, even by companies special first need is to get rid of these unneces izing along this line in the past, has sary' accumulations, and then try to pre- ante* been directed at this form of dust. c m . that the d t that i ventvjheir recurrence. Many a plant manager will say, "Why go to all the trouble and expense neces oca. thwutt Us deep mhattWwfato'YB<P sary to catch this dust when, in most lungs, is so small that the individual p*- cases, it isn't worth anything after it is tid lia r e - H n s b ic and c a n o n frb e seen caught?-' The answer is that it is better by the naked eye if th n ^ a rn g n te n d in to spend the money and effort in getting a dense cloud, which may have the ap rid of the dust than to be overwhelmed pearance of a gray fog. by occupational disease claims, as is the We are told that the amount of dust case with many industrial concerns to found in the lungs o f miners"who have day. died u7~~-ilicosis is alwut 13 grams', or in mw section where there is a so- approximately half an ounce - about called "dusty-- trade employing only enough to till a ten-cent soda-mint bottle. about 2000 men on an annual basis, Microscopic Menaces there have l>een 92 occupational disease claims during the latest available five- Some idea of the problem of collecting year |wriod (6$ of them for death or such infinitcslimal panicles may be had permanent total disability) with com when we further learn that these 13 bined losses of nearly $300,000. grams contain some 20 million million In some industries the cost of indus panicles: many of them arc. about the trial disease is now four or five times size of the tiny globules of*ttrry sub that of all other industrial accidents stance that make up cigaret smoke, that combined. Many concerns that have is. about a hundred thousandth of jin serious.occupational disease hazards exinch in diameter. If they were equipped tcn3mg~ovcr a period of years find with legs they could march fifty abreast themselves virtually uninsurable. be through the hollow center of a human cause of the heavy liability for claims hair! that has been built up as the result of So little has the seriousness of this past exposure. hazard been appreciated in the past that it is not uncommon to go into a plant and find lour or five tons of this fine dust which has floated in the air and settled on the rexif trusses anil overhead structures of the buiUliou. Here it may lie dislodged by gusts of air or vibra tions from moving cranes, etc. II one A M atter of Self-Preservation It follows, therefore, that as a matter of self-preservation plants in these in dustries must st:rt immediately ;i com prehensive program of improvement that will at least check the development of new cases. In general, the most reliable way to O a s t U * * ( t l r * t o r * (! 9 H u f n u o f M in e T e ^ h n l ' ! P a p e r 1*4 P I correct a dust harnrd is to insiall exhaust equipment that will capture the dust at ihcpom l where it is generated. This has been worked out very effectively for such equipment as grinding and buffing wheels. Unfortunately a complete system of dust collecting and separating for a large department costs a lot of money-- more than many plants feel they can possibly afford under present business conditions. Tem porary Expedients For such cases there may be other al ternatives or temporary expedients that will at least tide matters over until im proved business conditions warrant the installation of a jiermanent dust re moval system. Fur Instance, the manager of a plant recently visited by the writer stated that they had already ijx-nt 5R0.000 in ex haust equipment anti had not yet fully solved the dust problem. In this indus try. the use of oil which has been sprayed on the material in some cases in the past, to improve its handling in lise machinery and processes, offers a promising solu tion tn the dust problem. Dust counts in some plants using the oil show reduc tions of 90 per cent or more in millions of particles per cubic foot, and if further tests corroborate these results it oners a simple and comparatively inexpensive method of correc ting the dust .hazard in one industry. ? Tn other operations, such as the shaking out of foundry castings, it may be possible to do this work at night, by men who are protected by respirators, and thus eliminate a common exposure to employers engaged in other opera tions in the same room. The use of en closed mechanical conveyors and mate rial handling systems, properly exhaust ed. instead oi the old individual hand methods where the workers were brought into close contact with dusty substances, offers a solution in other cases. -The treasurer of one concern with whom 1 recently discussed the hazard of his foundry said, " Maylie \vc have the answer right here," anti he brought out the design of a machine which was fab ricated entirely from sheets, plates, angles and other structural shapes, riveted and welded together, which would entirely eliminate the castings of which it was largely composed in the past. Where the dusty work is in a perma nent location, and too great freedom of !mvi-:tvt;? is not required. the :ir-ieo respirator may give satisfactory results. For cases of temporary dust exposure, as for sweeping and cleaning up dust, the Improved types of tiller respirators may be adequate. In some cases substitutes may be iuund for the substance causing the trouble. This has already been done in some processes where benzol was lormerly used, and efforts are being made to extend the use of this principle. The use of water to overcome dust hazards is one of the first suggestions that is usually made. 1 recently tried to explain this problem to an industrial manager and after telling him that the dust which causes the trouble Is less than iOhmicrons in size, a micron being about I? 25,OOOth of an inch, and being encouraged by his nods which seemed to indicate that he was following my ex planation perfectly. I was a little dis concerted at the end to have him say, "Why can't you get rid of those microns by washing the air?" Apparently after all my efforts he still thought a micron was something like a microbe! Water has been found rather effective for laying the dust in some operations such as mining, sweeping up dusty floors, etc. In other cases, it has been a disappointment cs. for example, on grinding whee;s. where a dry exhaust systenj has proved to lie more satisfac tory than wet grinding.5 Dn-:ng the conference in .South Africa in l 1- " , one of the speakers pointed out the futility of trying to completely re move dust clouds by water sprays or ato mizing. adding the further comment that a tiny droplet of water may collect ns many as 800 dust particles and then being inhaled is like Iwmbarding the lungs with shrapnel instead of single ride fire. Unwarranted Confidence Where exhaust equipment is installed, poor maintenance of these systems whereby their value is reduced or entire ly vitiated is altogether too common. An inquiry in a plant recently as to how the dust filtering apparatus was wnrung brought the reply, " Fine! -we haven't had to eves' look at it f^r six years!" When we climbed a ladder to the roof to sec this miraculous equipment, a touch on the screens shook a pail-fuil of dust from the " dean " side of the separator. Another common and dangerous prac tice in many dust removal systems is s* Hfftlth t/i 'VtifkiM'it it True** I\ S VuMlti lUalllv BuUh.ui NV 1ST. I*, u. that of returning the filtered air t0 lhe plant in order to conserve the heat that would be lost if it were discharged out side the building. In five such systems where dust counts have been made dur ing the past few months there was only one where there was even a question as to whether or not the air was fit to be returned. In one case over forty-seven million dust particles per cubic foot were found in the air that was being re-circu lated, or many limes what we would con sider a safe limit! Ineffective Installations The salesman who had put in the equipment had persuaded them that the filtered air was so much purer than God's product as represented by t-he ouiside atmosphere that he had even piped it into the office,' so the manager was breathing the dust as well as the factors employers. (Perhajis that might b<called cooperation!) While it may lie going too far to sa\ that no filtering equipment can make dusty air suitable for re-breathing, the constant chance of the system getting out of order makes it almost as question able a practice as an attempt to recover drinking water from a sewage system. Installations that are dogged, leaking and otherwise ineffective are common. One o( our engineers found that the belt connecting the exhaust fan to the motor in an overhead installation had been off for an indefinite period. The motor switch had been thrown regularly but no one noticed that there was no exhaust at the grinding wheels it serviced. In another installation seen by the writer recently, a handkerchief held be fore the wheel stood out horizontally showing that the dust was lieing blow out toward the operator instead being drawn in away from him. An important point that should be borne in mind in designing an exhaust system is that it is highly desirable " capture the dusts or vapors as close ti the point at which they are generated ns TjtvssibteT'oefofe they have had a chan.-e to be diffused throughout the air of the room. General ventilation may be helpful u reducing the concentration, but It is ob viously of little value to draw the objectional substances up through a root fan as is sometimes done, thereby carry ing them past the faces of the operator--1 who must draw them in with every breath. The design of a proper exhaust system i HIraif. turn to P'tcr 4 ' ~ .Mechanical Control of Occupational Diseases ( n tin u u i irotn pttj*c 2 2 ) to effectively control dust requires thorough understanding of certain engi neering principles that are completed lost sight of in many of the installation, now in use. For example, where the dust collect nr can be so arranged as to enclose the source of dust completely, or almost .. a very complete dust elimination nun result, but where the inlet is five or inches away from the source of the do its efficiency may be reduced by as mu. H as 90 to 95 |* r cent, and be wholly in effective.* Where the exhaust equipment has liecn liaikrtl on in the past as more or lo ot a nuisance U-cause it is non-produc tive anti could accordingly be slighted at will, it must now I* recognized as a primary operating problem, and n- TO W E A R OVER GLASSES If you* have workmen who wear gUttcx give (hem the absolute assurance of eye protec* lion as well as good vision by having (hem wear CHSCO M 6L L GOGGLES over (heir prescription lenses. These men will do better work and Occident com wt// be reduced. CESCO M 8C L GOGGLES are specially designed lo be worn - r (he workman's own spectacles--"they fit "rty, are comfortable and prevent breakage and pitting of expen* sive prescription lenses. CESCO M 8i L GOGGLES arc furnished in three styles meeting all nact m ry require* menu. Ventilated pattern fitted with Super* Safety tenses for chipping, grinding, caulk* ing, riveting and like operations. Duse model fined with Super Safety lenses. Welders pattern fitted with CESCOWELD lenses for acetylene welding and cutting. Snd for tempie end emteiof sponsihility must be placed on some-. . tn see that it is kept in first class comfi lion at all times. And so, to summarize the results of this brief survey of the mechanical con trol of occupational disease hazards, it is the opinion of the writer that chiefly in this direction lies safety from some of the most serious diseases, if one also in cludes rearrangement of the processor under "mechanical control." in contras', with the "medical control." C H I C A G O EYE SHIELD CO 2300 Warren Blvd. While agreeing that medical supervi sion of new prospects for employment is of primary importance, in order to pre vent placing new employees who have Chicago, 111. some physical inifxtirmetu in a position where they will quickly break down as a result of the work hazard, and grantin'.: the value of nvetlic.il follow-up of <;- plnyees subjected to exposures such lead and len/.ul. which bring alxui! a temporary cnnditiein that may be check'-" PLACE "STOP L O S S "u ORDERS by medical supervision and a change "i occupation, it seems evident that in the most serious industrial disease hazard, Guard acainst costly ounch press nccirueaU---ftr d e ' D. & M. Automatic Punch Press Guards. They are your iiw v ;<," u<uti cuo>mt those unfortunate rvspccrmps that mean losses in men. money and morale. 0 . i M. Automatics fit all punch picsses -have amy 3 working parts--arc made entirely o f drop forcings that of exposure to silica dust, chief de pendence must be placed on elimination nr control of the dust. !n installing such equipment it save money and grief in the long run. 1 employ a competent engineer who under stands the difficulties of collecting im palpable dusts or vapors, and can have a reasonable assurance of getting an Order n /). *t V . .fu r * m u tte (iu ttrd f o r U b 'M P .K ffu ti. S h l l fclie* i:.t make ut firms ntJ a !u .'/<* r le ft tu n o t t i <*r rn/flf lu left iiittini t . uwinfed. and stec` jcutept `.he cveH head) and aic low in pr-ce S i 8.50 f f EM W IIH T W ; b j effective installation without too nun 9 I <>i the "rut and trv" method. i i{ >-- " \ ' i O i.u-u< -t'? r t* u c x *< : . v M - iit t K J. M ( ittilH vallo. A " ' " t.f |(-:*t:r*iT Amt V'c o O lu tim ? t -::? .!,.m l ;t i . 4at I - * i i rl I Ml - * "