Document NGZ1zzrZxO1G5qQMpLBRwzqME

REPORT NO. 2215 FINAL REPORT ON AROCLOR DATA BOOK Job No. 171-451 File No. 141-27.1 THIS REPORT AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE PROPERTY OF THE MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY. RESEARCH DEPARTMENT - PHOSPHATE DIVISION Anniston, Alabama **4************ Report Submitted - April 27, 1948 Chemists: A.M. Ellenburg - R.R. Knight Prepared by: R.R. Knight Eighteen copies were made of this report and distributed as follows: . ` No. 1. Research File No. 2. R.L. Jenkins - C.B. Durgln No. 3. R.R. Cole - R.S. V/eatherly No. 4. W.T. Durrett - F.P.LaBelle No. 5. H.F. Weaver No. 6. C.A. Hochwalt No. 7. E.P. Rucker No. 8. Edgar E. Hardy No. 9. J.F. Reeves No. ID. JJ. Reeves ' No. 11. A.M. Ellenburg No. 12. RJt. Knlgit No. 13. Paul Logae No. 14. P.O. Benignus No. 15. No. 16. No. 17. ~No. IT. ' x This is copy No. / Y DSW 331652 STLCOPCB4078227 RESEARCH D3PARTLSNT - HI03PIL.TE DIE 13ION MONSANTO CHEMICAL C0:TPANY Anniston, Alabama AROCLOR DATA BOOK General information on properties of Aroclors, Aroolor process ` data, uses of Aroclors, and physiological effects of Aroclors. FOREWORD As a means of presenting the available data on .'joclorg to the in terested personnel within the Monsanto organization, this looseleaf notebook is being compiled. Most of the data has resulted from v;ork carried out within our own organization. Literature references, however, will be cited in all cases throughout the compilation in order to allow more detailed infor mation to be obtained by the user. The following detailed outline is for facilitating the location of data in the book and to assist in properly inserting new data sheets. Each Aroolor is to be given a series number for location under the headings. This scheme at present is as follows 2 Aroclor 1221 100 series . Aroclor 1232 - 200 aeries Aroclor 1242 _ 300 series Aroclor 1248 -- 400 series Aroclor 1254 - 500 series ' Aroolor 1260 - 600 series Aroclor 1262 -- 700 series Aroclor 1268 - 800 series Aroclor 1270 -- 900 series Aroclor 1271 - 1000 series Other Diphenyl Aroclors - 1100 series Aroclor 4455 - 1500 series Other High Boiler Aroclors .. 2100 series Aroclor 5442 - 2400 series Aroclor 5460 -- 2500 series Aroclor 5465 -- 2600 series Aroclor 5468 - 2700 series 3316^3 DS\N Aroclor 2565 3000 series Related Compounds - 4000 series THIS REPORT AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE PROPERTY OF THE MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY. STLCOPCB4078228 -2 - The page pertaining to the solubility of Aroclor 4465 in various solvents would be of this type "IA.J - 1500",, In cases where the infor mation for all Aroclors can be compiled on one sheet, such as refrac tive indices, the page will be inserted under the general heading and will bear only the number for the first Aroclor, for example, IAh - 100, I. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ARQCL0E3 A. Physical Properties (a) General Physical Constants : . 1, Formula and molecular weight 2. Specifications for Manufacture (b) Density and Specific Gravity (0) Cubical Coefficients of "Expansion (d) Vapor Pressure and Rate of "Evaporation (e) Specific Heat end Heat Capacity ' i (f) Thermal Conductivity (g) Viscosity '{h) Refractive Index (1) Heat3 of Vaporization - Other Thermodynamic Properties (3) Solubilities ` (k) Flaah and Flame Points (l) Miscellaneous B. Electrical Properties (a) Dielectric Constants , (b) Power Factors (c) Dielectric Strength (d) Volume Resistivity (e) Dipole Moments (f) Miscellaneous DS\N 331654 STLCOPCB4078229 -3- II ,, METHODS OF MANUFACTURE A. Monsanto Process 1. Haw Materials 2. Chlorination 3. Distillation - 4. Storage and Shipping B. German Process C. Other Processes IIIo DSL'S OF AR0CLCR3 A. Eleotrical Field 1. Transformers 2. Capacitors 3. Coating for '/ire " 4. Other uses B. Varnishes C. Plasticizers ' D. Hydraulic Fluid E. Fire Retardants F. Heating medium G. Miscellaneous H. Suggestions for new Uses IV o HITSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS . lo Skin Tests . 2,, Systematic Tests PATENTS USING /JROCLORS oSXN 33^655 STLCOPCB4078230 THIS REPORT AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS THE PROPERTY OF THE MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY. 4- The book is subjeot to revision and changes as various data are located. Graphs and diagrams will be inserted when possible and new graphs drawn as information is compiled. No indices of sections is planned at this time, but later re visions may Include such pages if the volume of information warrants it. Contributions of new and supplementary data are earnestly so licited. Any discrepancies in the' existing data or advice as to a better means of presenting the information will be greatfully acknow ledged. Address all correspondence to the group leader in charge of the resehrch on Aroclors at Phosphate Division - Research Department, Anniston, Alabama. R. R. Knight rs 12/2/47 A. M. Ellenburg DSW 33^ 656 STLCOPCB4078231 CD An i4 STANDARD SPECIFICATION OF Monsanto Chemical Company PHOSPHATE DIVISION ANNISTON, ALABAMA Page No. PRODUCT: Aroolor 1221___________________ _____ CODE NO.: i oao^ar^o-no GRADE: ______ Reralar________'' '___________ AUTH0fit2Kl!li!!L_ PROD. DEPT. NO.: ________________________ ___ ; SUPERSEDES:. __ RIjoT J { F*A,3. APPROVED BY (Initials) la-iruafi va-IQ-^r. v.iaji ------- Control Specification Consumer Specification Crude Arcelor 1121: ">Pc Or. at 65C, Acidity^ m'% rnan/rn- Aroclor 1221: Color Acidity, NaOH/cja# Op, Or* ot 65/15,5*0, Chlorine content Viscosity at 100*F, 1,150-1,160 ^0,0 ' 40 /iPJli max, 0,01 max, 1,145-1,155 20,5-21.5;' 50--41 303 NOTES: Copied by ra 4/8/48 ^651 STLCOPCB4078232 d An 84 STANDARD SPECIFICATION OF Monsanto Chemical Company PHOSPHATE DIVISION ANNISTON, ALABAMA Page No PRODUCT: GRADE: Aroclor 1232 CODE NO.: 1040-C30-75-QS DATE Decenber 4. 1946 Regular.;AUTHORIZED: PROD. DEPT. NO.: ____________ - SUPERSEDES: Kew^Tmtatlve R*L#Jo J A.K.E.j 3T.F,R,} FAB, APPROVED BY (Initials) 12-17-46 12-18-46 12-19-46 13-19-46_________ Control Specification Consumer Specification Crude Moolor 1132: * 5p. Or. at 65/15.5'*C. Acidity, m3, NatHl/pm, Aroclor 1232: Color Acidity, mi* ReQH/si. Or, at 65/15,5*0. Chlorine content Viscosity at 10G*F* 1.340-1.245 50 j'JHL'i. max* ,01 ssx, 1.335-1,340 31,5-33,5 46-49 303 ' NOTES: Copied by ro 4/8/48 DSW 331658 STLCOPCB4078233 STANDARD SPECIFICATION OF MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY Product: Chlorinated Diphenyl, distilled Grade: Aroelor 1242 ' Code No. 1040-540-75-09_______ .. Date Authorized June 21, 1940 Supersedes Specification Dated July 3,, 1934 tolerable Limits Typical Value Sp. Gr. at 65/15.5*0. Color, N.P.A. Acidity, Mgra NaOH/gm. Viscosity at 54,4G. , 1.338 to 1.348 0.5 Maximum .01 Maximum 47 to 50 Seconds Saybolt Universal Approved by Approved by A. B. Gerber ______ TTM Chief Chemist Edw. A. 0eNeal, Jr. Worka Mana ger Approved by Robert S. Weatherly Sales Manager Authorized by J. K, Carothers Chemical birector Copied by ra 4/8/48 dSnN33A659 STLCOPCB4078234 STANDARD SPECIFICATION OF MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY. Product; Chlorinated Diphenyl,, distilled Code Ho, 1040-260-75-09 Grade: Aroolor 1248 Date Authorized Tune 21,, 1940 . Supersedes Specification Dated July 5, 1954 " Tolerable Limits Topical Value Sp. Gr. at 65/15a5*C. Color, NoPoAo Acidity, Mgra NaQI^gn Viscosity at 54.4*C. 1.404 to 1.414 0.5 Maximum .01 Maximum 69 to 76 Seconds Saybolt Universal Aroolor 1262 Sp. Gr. at 90/15.5*C. Color, N.P.A. Acidity, Mjgm NaOH/gu. Viscosity at 98.9*C. 1.572-1.583 1.0 Maximum .01 Maximum 88-100 SOS Code No. 1040"510-75-09 Approved by A. B. Gerber. 1 Chief Chemist Approved by Edw. A. O'Neal, Jr. : ' Works Manager Approved, by Robert 3. Weatherly 1 " Sales Manager Authorized by J, H, Carothera ________ > " ' Chemical Director Copied by ra 4/8/48 DSW 331660 STLCOPCB4078235 STANDARD SPECIFICATION OF MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY Productt Aroclor 1254 Grade: Dielectric # ' Color, APHA Scale Condition Specific Gravity at 65/15.5*C Acidity, M@n. NaOH/gm. , Inorganic Chlorides, ppm. Saybolt Viscosity at 98.9*C, sec* Dielectric Constant at 100*C Resistivity at 100*C, ohm-cm. at 500 volts . Refractive Index at 25"C Distilling Range,Observed, 10$ . Observed, 50$ . Observed, 90$ Pour Point Water, ppm. Evaporation, 6 Hrs. at 100*C Corrosion Test-Change in weight Acidity ' after test Inorganic Chlorides after test Condition_____ after test Color after test Code No. 1040-280-75-09 Date Authorized 10/5/41 Supersedes: 6/21/40 100 Max. Clear 1.495-1.505 .01 0.10 tfex. 44.5-47.5 4.15-4.35 Above 500 X Kr 1.6370-1.6390 350-355*C 355-362C 362-375*0 8 to 12 35 Max. . $. 0.4$ 00 0.01 0.10 Max, Clear 150 Max. rs 5/11/48 DSW 331661 STLCOPCB4078236  STANDARD SPECIFICATION OF MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY Product: Aroclor 1260 .__________ Grade: Dielectric Code No. 1040-290-75-09 Date Authorized 11/18/41 Supersedes: 1/50/36 Color, APHA Scale Condition Specific Gravity at 90/15,5*C Acidity, Mgm. NaOH/gra. Inorganic Chlorides, ppm. . Saybolt VlBCOsity at 98.9C, sec. Dielectric Constant a't 100C Resistivity at 100C, ohm-cm. at 500 volts Refractive Index at 25 C Distilling Range, Observed, 10# Observed, 50# Observed, 90# Pour Point Water, ppm. Evaporation, 6 Hrs. at 100C Corrosion Test-Change in weight Acidity __ _ after test Inorganic Chlorides after test Condition _ after test Color after test . 100 Max. Clear 1.550-1.560 .01 0,10 Max. 75-80 3.6-3.8 Above 500 X 109 1.6455-1.6465 370-377*C 377-385*0 385-400*0 26 - 34 35 Max. 00..20## 0.01 0.10 Max. Clear 150 Max. rs . 5/11/48 STLCOPCB4078237  o o<o o C5 o SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOLID DISTILLED AROCLQRS oo g in H g sa. H I s 'V in a * oien m S3 CM Oe II 8 \ o *5 gHWiOrHBHS "fHl O <H O ri 44 - 43 4S <3 43 43 8 <g SGR| f 5j 3& O Pi wA &O O <CoD 3a cvrO> a ofca m t*o a cd PHi'*CNOS| 5> DSW 331663 STLCOPCB4078238 d An 4 STANDARD SPECIFICATION OF Monsanto Chemical Company PHOSPHATE DIVISION ANNISTON, ALABAMA Page No PRODUCT: Aroolor 4460 (nerulorl CODE NO.: K)40~430*J75~03 -- DATE GRADE: _ AUTHORIZED: October a, 1S4A PROD. DEPT. NO.: ______________________ n .l t ii o} APPROVED BY (Initials) 3-S9-44 9-30-44 ____ SUPERSEDES: Juno 5, 1944 P.L.J li.S.T.j F*A.B. Control Specification Consumer' Specification Appearance % Colort N.P -softening Point ( *3 bf *IV1* ) Acid Humber (i;#JaOH/fle) Crystallinity clear, li.?ht yellow, brittle resin S0 fiax 60 - G6Co , 0 - ,035 No. apse. * Reining olor limit to 2,0 maximum is recommences because inspection reeorda show that all lota produced in 1944 hare hod a color of 1.5. NOTES: Copied by r 4/8/40 DSW 331664 STLCOPCB4078239  STANDARD SPECIFICATION CP MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY Product: Chlorinated High Boiler Code No Q 1040-480-75-09 Grade: Aroclor 5460 . Date Authorized May IQ, 1940 Supersedes.Specification Dated December S3, 1932 , Tolerable Limits Typical Value Appearance Color, NcPJU Crystallinity Test Softening Point 8 ASTM Acid Number Mgm NaOH/@m. Chlorine Clear, light yellow, brittle resin 2.0 maximum To' pass test 100 - 105.5C. 0 - .05 59.0-80.6% Approved by A. B,, Gerber chie f~Chemi st Approved by Edw. A. O'Neal, JrQ 'Vorks Manager Copied by rs 4/8/48 Approved by Robert S. Weatherly, 5/6/40 " Sale s Onager Authorized by J. N. Carothers, 5/10/40 _ Chwnical Director dS\N 331665 STLCOPCB4078240 Monsanto Chemical Company Anniston, Alabama Aroclor Test Methods and Designations Specific Gravity of Aroolors Total Chlorine in Aroclors Softening Point of Solid Aroolors Determination of Iron in Aroclor Flash and Flame Points Viscosity of Liquid Aroclors Distillation Range of Aroclors Evaporation Test of Liquid Aroclors Refractive Index of Liquid Aroclors Resistivity of Liquid Aroclors Dielectric Constant of Liquid Aroolors Acid Number of Liquid Aroclor Color of Aroclor - NPA Scale Color of Aroolpr - APHA Scale Acid Number of Solid Aroclors Pour Point of Liquid Aroclors Inorganic Chlorides in Aroclors Water Content of Liquid Aroclors 14-10-48 14-13-48 14-17-48 14-21-48 14-24-48 14-29-48 14-31-48 14-32-48 14-34-48 14-35-48 14-36-48 14-42-48 14-43-48 14-44-48 14-46-48 14-47-48 14-48-48 14-53-48 DSW 331666 STLCOPCB4078241 L e tte r to r.ECuiL/'LT.Boliner {Halowax P ro d u cts D iv ,, vU nion C arbide and Carbon C o rp ,,t 30 E,, F orty-S econd S t,,, flr,,Yc 17 N 0Y 0 0) l e t t e r dated Febo 27 fi 19480 00 sMJSSgoir-Hi s CMI RO e CM Ph rH co p tafo - 4c- 4 tIoV *3 81 O CO CM rH{^ ^ Oto- o olgo "13 iTnet iTnif OH & pH 0 8P to < MMD3 CM 00o rO-t r-1 iCz;l } CinM CM H d 3 rs M>3 CO 4 CM tn mto 1 ft--oi jMp3 ttinoo o p po fi . P2 )CL~ P tv rraa o in in I co rH I-A-d-B-4000 . From TftODUCTS PROPERTIES OF BASIC "HALO '1'A I " t: 4rool o s l*-1 r--1 < O P o CMf 3 Ctn a CrinHOi in <a O too itno CM fi , wr>ttC co CM \CM po po at p o p 00o tC M3 in ini o P H IV CO t4o o K Qm r3 u og I pH <5? t ooo rH fi cf o op O ttvv p oCO CM 00 CtoO s p rCHl tttoooi i< ii Ph w no fa 81 tr tr a p ao, t: p Vl 3 nO3 *gH m ao, oI ttvv P <XJ O Pn u a{ a CM tcvv P > P <o rl > cc s o *w r4 tOLo foc. "to oo to rH fa oC occ. a cx o oc -tr>l rH I--I g rOH a> roH o h CO to a! p Ph P -rl oo T> I*! -rl fOa S'I IT! ` P Hoi H2 > rH ooOi--ItOOI--oI p p pow faas r| C3 >i rH " o O-tOo rH rH >* -P CD CO P GG -0P} OGO P%oQ>* r--1 <r- o tof o CO p C3 ppH g rl Pu -r! o t.-,j n PfH xs GTOil POi XCM O cttTooCcOo % a STLCOPCB4078242 I-A-B-4000 From - Halowax Products DiYision Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation 30 East 42nd Street New York 17, New York Letter - "J.C.M./J.IL Cole, Techo Rep. 2/16/48 . . Zyrox 3009 (11*4313) GENERAL INFORMATION Color Sp, Gravity Softening Pt. Stormer Viscosity Saybolt Furol Viscosity Penetration at 50C. Penetration at 25C. Flash Pt. Fire Pt. Combustibility Fracture Acid Resistance Alkali Resistance Volatility P.F at 25*C. (1000 cycles) Diel. Constant at 25C. (1000 cycles) DC Resistivity at 25C. - Brovin - 1.40-1.45 at 25 C. - 79-83C. - 59-89 at 130C. - 79-180 at 130C - Approx. 15 (200 gm. load) -Less than 3 (200 gm, load) - Approx, 590*F. - None to 600*Fa - "-ill not support combustion - Conchoidal - Excellent - Excellent - Average for 24 hours at 130C, Less than 0,10 mg./sq.cm,/hr. - Approx. .001 - Approx. 2,96 - Over 100 meg, cms. Copied by rs 4/2/48 DSW 331668 STLCOPCB4078243 From - Halowax Products Division Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation 30 East 42nd Street Nexir York 171 New York Letter - VJ.C .Ii./J.!!. Cole, Tech. Rep. 2/16/48 Zyrox 3007 (11-308) GENERAL INFORMATION Color ' Sp. Gravity Softening Pt. Stormer Viscosity Saybolt Furol Viscosity Penetration at 50 deg. C. Penetration at 25 deg^ C. Flash Pt. Fire Pt. Combustibility Fracture Acid Resistance Alkali Resistance Volatility P.F. at 25 deg. C. (1000 cycles) Diel. Constant at 25 deg. C. (1000 cycles) DC Resistivity at 25 deg. C. - Brown - 1.29 - 1.32 at 25 deg. C. - 65 - 70 deg. C. - 20-27 at 130 deg. C. - 20-30 at 130 dep,. C. - Approx. 75 (50 g. load) - Less than 3 (200 g. load) - Approx. 530 deg. F. ' - None to 600 deg. F. - .'ill not support combustion - Conchoidal ' - Excellent - Excellent - Average for 24 hrs. at 130 deg. CB tT.'20 rag. /sq.cm. /hr. - Approx. .004 - Approx. 3.0 - Over 10 meg. cms. Copied by rs 4/2/48 SW 331669 STLCOPCB4078244 Clor>kons are n o t com bustible and-do n o t support com bustion o f m a te ria ls in to vihich they are im preppated Pages 108 109 Ite m Noa. 1. 7 . 22. & 31 From: B .1 .0 .3 . F-in a l K ept, No. 893 (a s quoted In (3. F a rb e n *a s a le s sheets) * PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CLOPHTN OILS .I . I . ` I-A-B-10 g M Ho < 8 * tH 5 rH *3 ( H *H 0 *3 f' & e* a . ti u (o) o Uo ac I I I N H rH A Oo> S NS too I orH C4 an n g % t>> h 1| O o---to w ClOO rOH 3 ^g cvi i ft trs oo o 9 cvi *8 o ao >> SO3 1 P3 3 *`3 o O .OH p3 On (nOHo SAAv:Ao * Mg * toWo toroH> Vo. A 'A os Oo VV g g S n 3 H>a> <0u raoaaH ID *i rH * a + oa . utfii ihn CNvi MC rH 8M O o 'Ots'. roH B rOOH OH' . Htf o o o to I I a H rH A fo o oo rHOrH o o. to o `M >V rH A EH . fo o o rH woth rOHO < is a w to cn > tf V A o) go t* DO' *>> am rOt H0 4? O t0*0 rH o ioi ---. rHOnO) 5d w to \tAorwH lO rwH \to'oA O' 15- 9o an 8 i aIs |9 3 & rH > C0O > rH 0 U 0 B0 raOdH $ 0 CO H1 2 e* tO 0 \A' A rH HtowPH* tD HJO a 1 rOH tOo' to A 8 CooT> o OorH' rH J tO o rH O G H rH tjt O O O rH to o t> , V'o h t CVJ so Oo' o h i '"o o ^H to .o/ OoS HM Nw a Aaao . A s i J8W t S a& g *oh oo O* o C\J H0> 4 t a P -rl ttH> O H Vt*v fpt VtHi <-d0 Xi O tH 0 rH 0 tfnt tOo H^ o oo ocvj o cvi a -0P I I oo Oo oto OorH & 4a 4t>>* -ap o Pt : &aa a8 O rH -HrH* 43. aa x klm>'^ j0aOaa t: to h a id a tH OQro 1^ rH O wo tQ --(0m s Pr O SI : o M>d% 8a 4>g 0 ^>t ^oH 43 >> p< 5t o u4ca3 ao ha o B 4gH> S -- 4oo03 t0a-r u g. tHH O O 0 0 t> o a o O CoJ 43 0 ts 43 4433 ft H4 4aC3C a0 n o1 4(0* 0O) 4*0aoH> rH ,<4 pRH fPn,, mCK.O.3 .. h DSW 331670 APPENDIX I STLCOPCB4078245 $n (a I I-A (b) (g) B (a) - 300, 2100 un ,a 00 1'r<3-Di \\C\J OO(X 03 DSW 331671 STLCOPCB4078246 STLCOPCB4078247 STLCOPCB4078248 STLCOPCB4078249 I-A (j) - 500 Stability of Grade P Hycar and Teflon in Aroclor 1254 at 130C and 45C . Short Form Report No. 2179 File No. 141-27.1 December, 29, 1947 Notebook references: Smith 45137 Grade P Hycar and Teflon Immersed in Aroclor 1254 Material Temp. Hours % Gain in "rt. % Gain in Thickness Grade P Hycar _ Grade P Hycar Teflon Teflon 130C 45C 130C 45 C 285 285 285 285 68.6 26.3 Negligible Negligible 26 6 Negligible Negligible rs 1/14/48 DS\N 331675 STLCOPCB4078250 I-A-l - 500 From - Memo P.G.B./R.L.J. 3/22/48 Aerovox Corporation New Bedford, Massachusetts Determining Fluorescence in Aroclar "The ultraviolet light we use for determining fluorescence in Aroclor is manufactured by .George Gates and Company, Franklin Square, Lons Island, Hew York. It is a CH 4, 100 Watt, G. E. Mazda Lamp with filter. "Our procedure is to pour a small amount of Aroclor into a 5" watch glass or a 5" Pyrex evaporating dish and observe for the degree of fluorescence under the CH 4 lamp, preferably in a dark room. If the sample has been contaminated with Mineral Oil it will show up as a streaky or milky fluorescence as compared to pure Aroclor. The fluorescence around the meniscus of pure Aroclor is not to be confused with the fluorescence resulting from contamination. "This test is qualitative andp as suchg is based on the experi ence of the person performing it. We keep a standard sample for comparison. If there are any further questions please feel free to contact us". . Copied by rs 4/2/48 DSV\J 331676 STLCOPCB4078251 13 - 100 December 2, 1947 ELECTRICAL DAT,! ON AR0CL0R3 Introduction Time has not permitted ua to carry out electrical measurements on all of the Aroclor samples sent by your laboratory and as listed in your letter to Dr. C. K. Bump of June 27, 1947, It was believed that dielectric constant, loss factor, and direct current resistivity measurements over a temperature range for a low chlorinated and highly chlorinated biphenyl; also one sample each of the terphenyl and the mixed biphenyl and terphenyl series would represent the electrical be havior of Aroclors. The trend of the electrical properties of the samples not measured can be estimated; i.e. as the viscosity of the Aroclors of a particu lar series increases, the loss factor will decrease and the loss factor maximum (if within the temperature range meusured) will be shifted to higher temperatures. An increase in viscosity will increase the resis tivity of the Aroclor. The dielectric constant of a material is a measure of its polarizability. Therefore, any change in the structure of the molecule which will increase its polarizability will cause an increase in dielectric constant. Accuracy of Data The accuracy of the alternating current data is dependent on the dissipation factor of the dielectric at a particular frequency and a particular temperature. The dielectric constant values are accurate within 02$ provided the dissipation factor is less than 10$. The error is greater with increasing dissipation factor. The accuracy of loss factor (dielectric constant X dissipation factor) is also dependent on dissipation factor. Aroclor 5442 wee the only sample which had a dis sipation faotor greater than 10$ and that occurred at the following conditions: 41 *0, 41*C, 35C, 500 cycles 750 cyoles 500 cycles It will be noted that the dielectric constants extrapolated to 100*C. check satisfactorily with the values listed in your letter to Dr, Bump. The direct current resistivity values have a 30$ error for the greatest resistance readings on our instrument. For lower resistance values the error decreases. Aroclors 1221, 1254 showed an increase in resistance with time which is indicative of polarization effects. . For these materials then, resistance was read after the voltage was applied and then at the end of one minute - an empirical method used for taking a readable value. Aroclors 4465 and 5442 did not show noticeable pola- DSW 331677 STLCOPCB4078252 - 2 -r IB - 100 December 2, 1947 rization effects, even at the hi{x temperatures. Data . The dielectric constant of Aroclor 1221 end 1254 is independent of frequency. The dielectric constant of Aroclor 4465 and 5442 is also independent of frequency at the high temperatures. /. ' The liquid-like properties of 4465 and 5442 disappear at the lower tenqperatures where a dispersion region becomes evident. It will be noticed that the dielectric constant curves (at the lower tempera tures) have the same order as those of the corresponding loss factor curves and the inflection regions occur at the loss factor maxima tem peratures. The loss factor curves of 5442 at the higher temperatures show a sharp up-swing, indicative of a large conductance component in the loss factor. Similarly, the loss factor curves of 1221 and 1254 seem to be in the conductance region. Aroclor 1221 showed an unusual sensitivity in changing loss factor values and as great an insensitivity to change in dielectric constant. It was found that a sample measured initially at room temperature and measured at successively increasing temperatures gave different loss factor values when compared to measurements made with the initial tem perature high and then successively lowered. Results showed that raising the temperature of the liquid or allowing the material to stand in the open for long periods always lowered the loss factor, probably volatilizing the more conducting, or the high loss substances in the Aroclor. Below 5000 cycles this effect was very noticeable, the diffe rences increasing with decreasing frequency. It may be mentioned here that loss factor measurements at low frequencies might possibly be used as an analytical tool or as a control method of indicating volatile sub stances contained in the Aroclor 1200 series. The log resistivity versus l/T graph is useful as an indication of the change that occurs in resistivity with temperature - or what is related, the change in viscosity with temperature. The actual slopes of 4465 and 5442 cannot be assured since there should have been more measurements made at high temperatures,, However these two Aroclors have a much larger viscosity-temperature coefficient than the other two plots. It is hoped that the enclosed -raphs will summarize the dielectric properties of the Aroclors measured. More complete information or any questions concerning the data will be sent on request. acm/ ' Copied by rs 1/15/48 R. Levreault Monsanto Chemical Company Plastics Division Springfield, Massachusetts DSW 331678 STLCOPCB4078253 II-B From - Bo 1.0.3, Final Report No. 893 Item Nos. 1, 7, 22, and 31 PaRes 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 5: 17 III. CHLORINATED DIPHSJYL. 1. General. # Chlorinated diphenyl is manufactured by I.G. Farben under the trade name of Clophen, Some types are liquid and others solid at normal temperatures. They are used as impregnants as alternatives to hydrocarbon oils and v?axe3. Clophen shares with other chlorinated materials a high permittivity and has the same dangers in handling, due to noxious properties. In addition to the grades suited to capacitor Impregnation, a grade known as T64 is made by I.G. Farben, suitable for trans former cooling. The total output of Clophen ABO and A60 for the years 1938 and 1943 was:- 1938 Type A50 21 tons " A60 132 " 1943 * " A50 170 " A60 506 " - The cost of the material in Germany is:- type A50 IK, 50pfg.to -IK. 60pfg. per .Kilogram ^ , " T64 1H. 20pfg. per Kilogram. The following is a list of the principal prewar consumers of Clophen:- . - Siemens-Gchuckert, Berlin. A.E.G. (Hydrawerk), Berlin. Kicafil (Brown Boveri), Zurich, Switzerland. Alsthom, Paris. Ducati, Milan,'Italy. It v^as stated that no German capacitor manufacturer uses Clophen for the manufacture of small capacitors for radio and telephone purposes and where these have been used by the Ger man fighting services they were supplied by the Italian firm, Ducati. 2. Manufacture, (1) The synthesis of diphenyl from benzene. Diphenyl is synthesised from benzene as shown in the figure, following:- DSW 331679 STLCOPCB4078254 f -\.wv--* Condenser X - Distillilfc ) ' Column 500-650C , 200*0 < Two-stage x Heat Exchanger Reaction Coil 800 *C Synthesis of Diphenyl from Benzene The synthesis occurs in the vapour phase, at 800*0* and atmospheric pressure, in an electrically heated reaction coil of copper-manganese alloy. No catalyst is required. The apparatus, apart from the reaction coil, is of iron, and operates at the temperatures shosai above. About -10$ of the benzene vapour is converted into diphenyl in one passage through the reaction coil. The purity of the benzene is of importance for the elec trical quality of the ultimate chlorinated products and a specification is attached overleaf. The benzene used was believed to contain 0.2 to 0,Z% of paraffins but little definite information could be obtained regarding any undesirable impurities or the mechanism by which they cause poor electrical performance. Thiophene was stated to be definitely harmful, and vague reference was made to "nitre-compounds", to "aliphatic hydrocarbons" and to "substances which could not be chlorinated". The precise nature of these materials was not known, but their absence was ensured by obtaining benzene always from suppliers whose product was known to be satisfactory,, Analytical Specification for Pure Benzene - Appearance: Clear and colourless. 0.876 Distilling range: First 5f. within 0.25*C. 5# - 95>" " 0,,25*C. 95" - end " 0.25*C. Solidification point: Hot less than 5C. Bromine consumption: Not more than 0.5 gm. bromine per 100 c.e. Sulphuric acid test: Not more than 0.15 gjn. Carbon disulphide: Shall be free from CS-j. DSW 331680 STLCOPCB4078255 Difficulty in the synthesis was still being experienced, due to rapid corrosion of the copper-manganese reaction coll, operating at 800*C. A small scale experimental apparatus using a fused silica coil had been made, but had not been developed for production use. In addition to diphenyl, about 5# each of 1-3 and 1-4 terphenyls are produced by the process. These are se parated, chlorinated and used in sealing varnishes; present production is about 4 tons per month. No use is made of chlorterphenyls as paper impregnantg, sinee the materials are resinous and tend to crack; moreover the permittivities are lower than those of the chlar- diphenyls. The crude diphenyl is next purified by distillation. During this process the terphenyls remain in the residue. They are extracted in the following manners- fhe residue is dissolved in hot benzene, filtered, and the 1-4 isomer obtained by fractional crystallization. The crude product is distilled in vacue, yielding 1-4 terphenyl with melting point of 208*C. The 1-3 isomer, remaining in solution in benzene, is more difficult to isolate. The solution is clarified with activated char coal, filtered, and the benzene evaporated. The residue i3 distilled to yield 1-3 terphenyl with melting point 80-84*C. {2} Chlorination of diphenyl. For the chlorination of diphenyl a lead lined vessel of 10,000 litres capacity is used. It is charged xvlth 6000 kg. of diphenyl and 15 kg. of ferric chloride. The mix ture is heated to 110*C., agitated and chlorine passes in. The addition of chlorine is continued for 100 hours at a rate of 130-135 kg/hour during which time the tera_ perature is raised gradually from ilO*C,, to 130"Co Ths end point of the chlorination ia determined by measuring . the density of the product. ' To remove hydrogen chloride formed in the process, dry air is blown through the liquid for 2 hours and this hy drogen chloride is recovered. The product is transferred to another vessel and treated with 1/2# of solid eodlum hydroxide, heated and agitated. The sodium hydroxide is allowed to settle out and the Clophen drawn off from the top, transferred to another vessel to which Fuller's earth and soda are added and the liquid redistilled. The stills for this process are gas heated. . DSW 331681 STLCOPCB4078256 30 Proport to So . (1) Capacitor Impregnating grades, A summary of the physical and chemical properties of the eapaeitor impregnating grades of Clophen is given in Appendix II. There are six grades of capacitor impregnant, A30, A40, etc. up to A80, the 3, 4, 5. etc. indi eating the number of chlorine radicals combined with the diphenyl. Each grade contains a proportion of the adja cent homologues not exceeding 2Of;. Grade A.30 has the highest value at permittivity. Theoretically the highest value obtainable with a chlorinated diphenyl Is 9.0, and a grade having a permittivity of 7.0 has been prepared,, but is chemically unstable ,, and very sensitive to moisture and impurities. The most commonly used grades are A50 and A60; A50 is the most stable grade and has the lowest dielec tric loss. Grade A60 is considered by I.G. to possess the optimum combination of non-inflammability, stability and viscosity. As with Nibren, it .is considered that no addi tives are required since the substances are stable in use, provided that the capacitors are efficiently sealed against the air. Kicafil of Zurich are the only users of A30 and A40. The following table shows the variation in capacitance and power factor with temperature for a Clophen impregaa- ted paper capacitor. . The lmpregnani is A50, the dielectric is Schoeller. and Hbesch "A" finish rag tissue (density 1.2 - 1.25) with a thickness of 10 u; frequency of measurement is 800 c/s. Power factor shows a maximum value of 0.052 at about +4"C. while capacitance falls off by some 20$ at temperatures below this critical value. Variation In capacitance and power-factcr with temperature for a Clophen-impregnated capacitor. Temperature (*c.) -60 -40 -20 0 +4 +20 +40 +60 +80 Relative Capacitance 0.87 0.91 0.94 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.11 Power Factor 0.035 0.024 0.013 0.048 0.052 (max.) 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.005 No evidence was obtained from I.G. on the use of any type of addltivo viith a view to depressing the temperature at which the change of state occurs. i DSW 331682 STLCOPCB4078257 Tbs method adopted for evaluating the water content in oils such as Clophen Is described in Appendix III. It Is also applicable to such solids as Nibren. Engelhardt stated that no source of failure had been ex perienced during the whole period of production of Clophen, which Is about 17 years. Consequently no inqprovements or modifications had been made or found necessary during this period. (2) Transformer-cooling grade (Clophen T64) No detailed information was sought on this material, since It is unsuitable as a capacitor irapregnant and is onlyused as a coolant for transformers and phase shifterso A summary of its physical and chemical properties is given in Appendix 17. It has a low viscosity, is moderately . stable under electrical stresses and has the distinct ad vantage over mineral oils of being non-inflammable. The principal users of this product are A.E.G. and -Siemens, but it is understood that, as with other chlorinated com pounds, conservatism and prejudice among customers have prevented its wider use. No stabilisers are added to the material as their function of absorbing hydrochloric acid would he defeated by the formation of "chloride salts", which in turn become elec trolysed. It was said to be very important to avoid con tamination of Clophen T64 which may occur in transit and for this reason the use of leather for gaskets must be avoided. 4. Methods of use, precautions, etc. No details were obtained on the method of impregnation used by I.G. for the construction of test-specimens of Clo phen-impregnated capacitor. This was partly caused by the non appearance, after the first day, of Engelhardt, but it is not considered likely that any novel processes are Involved. For information on the precautions necessary in the use of Clophen, see lection II, 5, above. - 11/19/47 DSW 331683 STLCOPCB4078258 in-A-b - 500 'H'rom - B.I.O.S. Final Report No. 893 Item Nos. 1, 7, 22 and 31 Page xiv Clophen is made in several grades, which correspond closely with their U.3. counterparts, A.50 being the grade most commonly used for capacitors. Except for very rare use by Siemens and Halske for special orders, Clophen has not been used in Germany for amall capacitors of the tele communication type, but it has been used extensively by Sienens-Schuckert for power capacitors. It is interesting to note that the German forces use'd Clophen impregnated and filled tubular capacitors made by Ducati, of Milan, who obtained the impregnant from I.G. The prejudice against Clo-' phen was, however, being gradually overcome and several manufacturers were contemplating an extended use of this material. Some of them con sidered it to be equal to or possibly better than mineral oil for opera tion at power frequencies. rs 11/24/47 DSW 331684 STLCOPCB4078259 III-A-b-50 From - B,I,0o3. Final Report No* 893 Item Nos. 1, 7, 22, and 31 Pages 98f 99 (2) Clophen The only chlorinated impregnant used hy 3iemensSchuckert Is Clophen, supplied by IG, In power factor correction and high voltage applications it is consider ed practically ideal6 The only type of Clophen used in "bulk is A.50, penta- chlordiphenyl, (corresponding to Aroclor 1254), A.30 and A,40 have been tried and found unstable. A,60, A.70 and Af80 are too viscous to allow for good impregnation and have lower permittivities. Although the viscosity of A.50 at room temperature is much srreater than that of oil, the viscosity at impregnation temperature is sufficiently low to give no trouble in attaining thorough impregnation. . A routine check on conductivity is made on each drum of Clophen, and formerly if the conductivity were too high, the Clophen was treated with powdered chalk to neutralise the free acid. As the result of continual pressure on I.G, over a period of years, the acid content had gra dually diminished, and it is now possible without chalk treatment to work to the same rejection limit of resis tivity as for oil, viz. 10^ ohm.cm, at 20C. Drums of Clophen failing to pass the conductivity test are returned to I.G., unless urgently needed. A certain elasticity is permissible in view of the hi^standard set. Apart from conductivity, further acceptance checks are specific gravity (1.54-1,55) and permittivity (5.0 5.2). Permittivity is measured at 800 cycles and 20*C. on a Schering bridge at low voltage. The acceptance standards for Clophen A.50 are shown graphically In Appendix XXXIV. Clophen costs about 1 K. 60 pfg./kg, and is therefore much dearer than oil (30 pfg.Ag*). This extra expense is offset, however, by the use of a special design which reduces the amount of Clophen required. .An ad vantage claimed for this impregnant is that Is has a similar permittivity to paper (vis. 5). 2, Other lmpregnants studied. As Clophen is considered nearly ideal, no serious attempts have been made to find superior materials or addi tives to improve its performance. This attitude is sup ported hy service experience, in which no failures have been reported. It is realised, however, that on freezing discharges may occur in the contraction voids, which may result in decomposition of the Clophen and failure of the DSW 331685 STLCOPCB4078260 dielectric. Tests were performed (see Section IV, S9 (3)) to check 7/hether this degradation does in fact occur, and no failure was noted. ' Nevertheless, I.G. supplied small samples resembling Clophen A.50 but haring a lower melting point so that this possible.source of failure could be investigated. De pression of the temperature at which the dipoles become inmob lie should raise the maximum usable frequency and hence broaden the range of applications by introducing those for audio-frequency furnaces. Two of these I.G,. samples, with references A.1621T and A.162N, are, like Clophen, made from benzene, but hare a lower chlorine content because of the presence of an additional alkyl group (Cj^a+l), and hence a lower density. Their advantage over Clophen A.50 is that the setting point (i.e. temperature of maximum dispersion and of capacitance diminution) is lowered from -8C. to -17*C. The permit tivity, viscosity and non-inflammability resemble those of Clophen A.50. The riscosity/temperature curves of these two samples, K.7 mineral oil and Clophen A.50., ere compeared in Appendix XXXV. rs 11/19/47 DSW 331686 STLCOPCB4078261 III-B-2500 December 22, 1947 TO: PHOSPHATE DIVISION ?ALE3EEN 3UBJ: Aroclor 5460 as Used in Ethylcellulose Lacquer RE: Federation of Paint and Varnish Production Clubs Official Digest (October, 1947). Aroclors used as plasticizers and resins impart excellent qualities to ethylcellulose. Ethylcellulose is used in lacquers of various types, the ethylcelluloso acting as a long chain polymer to impart toughness and flexi bility and to increase the speed of drying. Some of the principal.uses for ethylcellulose lacquers are for the coating of high tension ignition cable; heat sealing lacquers for foil and paper where the slight discoloration which may develop in nitrocellulose lacquers on heat sealing is not permissible; linoleum lacquers where alkali resistance is essential; textile printing; printing inks, particularly in multicolor designs where hydrocarbon solvent does not soften or bleed into previously printed designs; aircraft lacquer for resistance to both heat and cold `and to quick temperature ohanges; record lacquers, especially for home recorders; and in wood sealers where good sanding and flexibility are essential. A good pigmented ethylcellulose lacquer has bean made, based on the following formula: Ingredients Ethylcellulose N-22 Aroclor 5460 TiO., Menthylphenol Toluene Ethanol Parts (by v/eight) 6C4 6.4 4.2 0.06 67.0 16.0 100.06 rh Copied by rs 2/2/48 Beni gnus dSNN 331687 STLCOPCB4078262 III-G--300 Prom - Memo G.Y. Franlcle/P.G. Benignus March 11, 1948 Soil-Poison Concentrate Aa described below, the^e materials are formulated into a water emulsifiable soil-poison concentrate carrying almost 30 per cent by weight of active ingredients. Aroclor 1242 Trichlorobenzene (Mixed isomers) Penta chlorophenol Isopropyl alcohol Toluene or Xylene Sterox 3E* Santomerse 3 Paste 33.55f! 33.5 10.0 3.3 16.7 1.5 1.5 100.Of, * Otter non-ionic type emulsifying agents such as Triton NE or Span and Tween can be used to replace the Sterox SE. Copied by rs 4/2/48 DSW 331688 STLCOPCB4078263 Chemical Abstracts POSSIBLE U3E OF AROCLOR3 Vol. 41 Page 6867 III-H-10 * U.S.P. 2,425,978 to Anderson and Coalehan, (Hercules Powder Company). Foundry cores sprayed with 15 solution of chlorinated naphthalene in hydrocarbon solvent show greater scratch resis tance than untreated cores. Cl2 content remains from 40 - 80;' Cl2. Particularly good for use with A1 castings. rs 12/2/47 * DSW 331689 STLCOPCB4078264 17-10 From - B.1.0.3. Final Keport No. 893 Item Nos. 1, 7, 22 and 31 Pages - 10 and 11 Much less trouble has been experienced with cfclordiohenyl than with ohlornaphthalene, probably because the former, being liquid, in volves less physical Contact in disposal. (2) Prevention. . Very thorough washing of all areas of the skin likely to be contaminated with solid, liquid, or fumes has always been the basic principle in prevention of skin troubles, and is still looked upon as fundamental. ".hen fatty soaps ceased to be available, because of the di version of fats to food, it became essential to insist upon theuso of barrier cream.*?, of which the best was one named "(JUMBO", made at Trommersdorf. This has now bsen replaced, for lack of supplies, by an alternative made by I.G., named "MITIOAL", which is considered inferior to ouimbo but satisfactory. The Fissan firm put up a special powder named f,sCH"FFELHJLVNR" to act as a barrier, but this was found to be inefficient except to allay irritation on skin areas exposed to fumes only. For this purpose it still finds use at Leverkusen and at the Kydrawerke factory at 3erlin. A special point is made of fume extraction, and the minimum air speed away from the operator is 1 metro per second. To check the efficiency of the precautions, a thorough exami nation is made every 4 weeks of every worker coming into contact with chlorinated hydrocarbons, and since the enforcement of the precautions, no deaths or symptoms of internal injury have occurred. Since superfatted soaps have ceased to be available, a cleansing composition containing dichlor-methano has been devised. This is so powerful a detergent for chlorinated materials that barrier creams are considered unnecessary, but it is uncomfortably irritant to many skins. (3) Cure. , 'Then severe attacks of chloracno and internal sickness were encountered, in the early years, when the properties of chlorinated materials were not well understood, extensive rest periods had to be prescribed, together with a generous diet, entire absence of further contamination, and long periods in the open. Since precautions have been taken to minimise the effects, only a few mild cases of chloracne have been met. These have been treated with a solution of acetic and salicylic BCids in methylated spirits. DSW 331690 STLCOPCB4078265 -2 ~ (4) Conclusions and 'Recommendations. I.G. consider that,neither toxicity nor skin affection need now b any deterrent to the use of chlorinated naphthalene,, and that chlordlphenyl is if anything less troublesome. Certain people, notably those with fair skins, show distinct allergy, and are best diverted to other work not involving contact. Sorupulous cleanliness of the skin (including the face, neck, and airms) and of the clothing (especially undergarments) is essen tial and needs strict enforcement, hashing with hot water and good soap is sufficient, so long as the soap is superfatted, since the skin becomes sensitive to irritation by alkali. Barrier cream should be used on those parts of the skin which come into contact with solid or liquid material, and the area of contact should be minimised by the use of protective clothing and gloves where possible. Areas of the skin which are contacted by fumes only, and particularly those chafed by clothing (e.g. the neck adjacent to the edge of the clothing) need protection by a suitable soothing powder. '.','here fumes are generated, they should be drawn away from the operator at an air speed of at least 1 metre per second. It may . be found essential to have tvro ducts, one at floor level and one overhead, with exhaust in two directions simultaneously. In case the precautions arc being evaded* or lest there should be some idiosyncrasy, monthly medical inspection is desirable. rs 11/24/47 DSW 331691 STLCOPCB4078266 IV-B-100 From - The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Volume 20, Number 2 February, 1938 KORPHOLOGIChL CHANGES IN TIE LIVEli 3 OF RAf3 RESULTING FRON EXPOSURE TO CERTAIN CHLORINATED HYDROC.'iRBONG * Chlorinated hydrocarbons, particularly chlorinated naohthalenes and chlorinated diphenyl, have been used extensively in certain in dustries. Their use in the manufacture and preparation of many types of electrical equipment is constantly increasing. Although'it is known that some of these compounds cause acne, only recently has the possibility of more serious systemic effects been recognized. The present paper describes the pathological changes observed in rats that had been exposed to various chlorinated naphthalene com pounds and to chlorinated diphenyl. Compound G (chlorinated diphenyl) v:as administered to two groans of animals in low concentrations. An average concentration of 0.57 mgms. per cu. m. was employed 16 hours daily for 134 days in the first experiment. In the second experiment (employing an average air con centration of 0.93 mgms. per cu. n,,) the animals were exposed 8 hours daily for 143 days. . The present experiments demonstrate that chlorinated naphthalene compounds and chlorinated diphenyl are capable of oroducing marked liver damage in the white rat without demonstrable microscooic changes appearing in the other organs. Furthermore, the characteristics of the liver lesions resulting from comparable amounts of any given com pound are the same, regardless of the method of administration (inha lation, feeding, or subcutaneous injection). Of the various chlorinated hydrocarbons tested,.chlorinated di phenyl gave evidence of being the most toxic. 'Then administered by inhalation in very low concentrations (average 0.57 to 0.93* mgms. per cu. ra.) liver cell changos were very pronounced after the first exposure period. The most striking change was the hyalinization of t the cell cytoplasm (see fig. 6, plate III). Such cellular alterations xvere essentially unchanged after a 2 month recovery period. In these animals small sublethal doses of carbon tetrachloride and alcohol uni formly produced extensive liver necrosis and was highly fatal to them (figs. 1 and 2, plate VII). Chlorinated diphenyl fed in small doses produced similar but more marked liver injury (see fig. 5, plate III). In large doses this compound was highly fatal. The liver changes in animals dying after short exposures were inconspicuous and consisted mainly of swelling of cells and active regeneration (see fig. 4, plate III). However, animals removed from exposure before beinp: fatally DSW 331692 STLCOPCB4078267 -2 poisoned, subsequently developed hyaline degeneration of liver cells similar to that produced by prolonged administration of small doses of this compound. Thus the results of the jr.esent study, as well as certain field studies that have been made (1) su^reat that the solution of the in dustrial hazard involved is dependent largely on a reduction of the air concentration of these compounds to a level that will not produce liver damage. The present experiments indicate that lower air con centrations must be obtained In the case of the more highly chlori nated naphthalene compounds and chlorinated diphenyl than for trichlornaphthalenes if a safe environment for workmen is to be assured. Be cause of the pronounced toxic effect of small doses of carbon tetra chloride on the livers of animals already injured by exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes and chlorinated diphenyl, its use as a sol vent for these compounds would appear to be very hazardous. rs 2/3/48 STLCOPCB4078268 STLCOPCB4078269 Senik'LouHritlmiic, 4 STLCOPCB4078270 DSW 331696 STLCOPCB4078271