Document NGMwMMyZz7a67d7NrogweLmag

EPA-450/ (OAQPS No. 1.2-094) SPRAYED ASBESTOS-CONTAINING MATERIALS IN BUILDINGS: A Guidance Document CONFIDENTIAL by Robert N. Sawver. M.D. Preventive and Occupational Medicine Vale Health Service Yale University New Haven. Connecticut and Charles M. Spooner, Ph.D. GCA. Technology Division GCA Corporation Redford. Massachusetts Contract No. 68*02-2607 ASork Assignment No. 4 EPA Task Officer: Carroll Specht Prepared for l. ,S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Air and U a-te Management Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711 Marih 1978 003703 OAQPS GUIDELINE SERIES IN guideline series of reports is being issued by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to provide information t' state and local an pollution control agencies; for example, to provide guidance on the acquisition ar.c processing of air quality data and on the planning;*and / analyse requisite for the maintenance of air quality. Reports published in this scries v. .be available - as supplies permit - from the Library Services Oitice MD-35). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,' ResearchNTriangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or, for a nominal fee, from the National Technics. Information Service, 5285 Port Roval Road, Springfield, Virginia 221ol. This Guidance Document v/33 furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by the CCA Corporation, GCA/Technology Division, Bedford, Miss-chuseiis 01730, in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-02-2607, Work Assignment No. 4. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are these of tr.e authors and not necessarily those of the Environmental Protection Agency or the cooperating agencies. Mention of company or product names is not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environm.er.tai Protection Agency. Publication No. EPA-450/2-78-014 (OAQPS Guideline No. 1.2-094) ii 0 003704 ABSTRACT The recognition of the potential health hazards from exposure to asbestos fiber and the increasing use of this mineral in many products over the past several decades has prompted the U.S. Environmental Pro tection Agency and other federal agencies to enact regulations for its safe handling to protect the public, the environment and the worker. This document is prepared for those involved in the use, removal, and disposal of asbestos materials in the building trades. Asbestos in all its forms is considered a serious respiratory hazard. Individual fibers are invisible to the naked eye and their small size gives them prolonged buoyancy ever, in still air. Unlike most chemical carcino gens, the mineral fibers persist in the environment almost indefinitely and, when present in a building space open to its occupants, represent a continuous source of exposure. From a toxicological perspective, the latency period before onset of clinical signs is typically decades leading to a difficulty in linking cause and effect. Since the beginning of the century, asbestos has been used as a major constituent or an important additive to many consumer products so that there are many sources of expo sure to the general-public. In the past few tens of years several asbestos oroduct1- have been sprayed or structural steel for fireproofing or have been sprayed-as decorative coatings cr. ceilings. ii i >ENT!AL 003705 .-"icr. a view toward controlling exposures to the public, guidelines are presented for the detection and monitoring, removal or encapsulation, and disposal of asbestos-containing building materials. Measures available to protect workers and building occupants are presented based on field measurements and theoretical considerations. Sampling procedures are discussed so that the user of this document can take an active role in determining whether protective action is needed and, if so, how best to protect himself, the public, and the environment. CONFID ?> fttm'.. I J.H IV 003706 CONTENTS Page Abstract iii List of Figures List of Tables PART I viii ix ASBESTOS: BACKGROUND, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION, STANDARDS. AND ANALYSIS Sections Introduction 1.1 Nature of Asbestos I-1--1 1-1-1 1.2 Spray Application of Asbestos 1-1-2 1.3 Potential for Environmental Contamination 1-1-4 Asbestos Contamination of the Environment 1-2-1 2.1 Asbestos Fiber Size and Ambient Community Contamination 1-2-1 2.2 Asbestos Fiber Aerodynamics 1-2-3 2.3 Asbestos Contamination in Buildings 1-2-5 2.4 Asbestos-Related Diseases 1-2-11 Existing Standards 1-3-1 Analytical Techniques 1-4-1 4.1 Bulk Samples Asbestos Analysis 1-4-2 4.2 Airborne Asbestos Analysis 1-4-3 003707 CONTENDS (continuoii) Sections Page PART II THE CONTROL OF EXPOSURES TO SPRAYED ASBESTOS i Determining Asbestos Exposure Levels II-l-l t-- > r--4 1 H1 Introduction 1.2 Factors to Consider 1.3 Asbestos Analysis II-1--2 II-1-4 Asbestos Control Measures 2.1 Temporary Control Measures 2.2 Long-Term Control Measures 2.3 Asbestos Emission Control and Personnel Protection I1--2--1 I1-2--1 II--2--2 IX-2-4 Asbestos Containment II-3-1 3.1 Enclosure Systems 3.2 Encapsulation With Sealants 11--3--1. I1--3--2 Asbestos Removal II-4 II-4-1 4.1 Dry Removal II--4--1 4.2 Wet Removal 5 Regulations and Compliance by Contractors II-4-2 II-5-1 Appendixes n References A-l B Aerodynamic Behavior of Airborne Fibers B-l C Asbestos Sample Collection C-l Recommended Decontamination Procedure D-l Stripping Sequence for Wet and Amended Water Methods E-l CONFIDENTIAL v1 003708 C0N7EN1 F. (i*on t imib ) r. p p ^ r. J 1 X ti S F Suggested Specifications for Asbestos Removal G L'.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulations Pertaining to Asbestos H Occupational Safety and Health Administration Regulations Pertaining to Asbestos I L'.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Regional Offices J Connerciai Sources of Materials, and Equipment for Asbestos Removal Operations p^g F-l C-l H-l I-] J-l CONFIDENTIAL 003709 0