Document NEq7ONZ5MnE09QLv84o6E6waQ

254 CHAPTER 13 ______________ 1946 Guide perfumes. It should not only be light weight and portable but capable of utilization in pressure type, cabins, without imposing an additional burden upon the limited ventilation facilities. GENERAL HOSPITAL AIR CONDITIONING Complete conditioning of a large hospital involves a capital investment and running expenses which may not be justified. Air conditioning has important applications in certain hospital wards such, as nurseries for premature infants, oxygen therapy chambers, heat therapy rooms or cabinets, allergy wards ", operating rpoms and recovery wards. In clean and quiet districts, the requirements of almost all general and private wards during the cool season of the year can be satisfactorily fulfilled by the use of conventional heating equipment' in conjunction with window air supply and gravity or mechanical exhaust. Insulation against heat and sound is much more important than humidification in winter;.it wilTalso l]elp in keeping the building cool in warm weather. Excessive outside noise and dust, may require the use of. silencers and air filters int the window openings. . ... Cooling and dehumidification in warm weather are important. In new hospitals particularly, the desirability of cooling certain sections of the building should be given serious consideration. Financial reasons may preclude the cooling of the entire building, but the needs of the average hospital can be met by the use of built-in room coolers and a few portable units which can be wheeled from ward to ward when needed. In the North and certain sections of the Pacific Coast, cooling is needed but a few; days during summer, while in the South, it can be used to advantage from May to October, and in tropical climates almost con tinuously throughout the year. Aside from comfort and recuperative power of the-patients,=cooling is of great assistance in the treatment of fevers in the new-born.and. in post-operative cases, in enteric disorders, -fevers,' heat stroke, feeart failure, and in a variety of other.ailments.which often accompany summer heatwaves. " Considerable research is in progress on the influence of air conditioning - upon-a 'wide variety of diseases'such as pneumonia, upper respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, arthritis, nervous, instability, hyper-thyroidism, essential hypertension, skin diseases, and vascqlar disorders. " Problem of Odors The evacuation of battle casualties in aircraft and their subsequent hospitalization have stimulated efforts to minimize odors arising from draining wpunds, old .odorous, casts; ancFgangrenous wounds. For air craft, chemical sprays and vaporsi perfumes, oxidizing gases and venti lation methods are unsatisfactory. An ideal deodorant would purify the air by means of odor adsorption so that subsequently the air can be recirculated;.- Based upon the effectiveness of. activated carbon com-: merdally and industrially .to adsorb odors,- individual adsorption units have.been.used successfully. In hospital wards the question of super iority of adsorption methods for elimination of odors over other methods' remains to be answered. The.present status of the problem is that the. commercial aspect is highly controversial. - Air, Conditioning in the Prevention arid`Treatment of Disease 255 REFERENCES i-Confined Air as a VeHide of Infection; Current Progress in Air'Sanitation, by Stuart Mudd.(Medical Clinics of Norik America, 28:1293, 1944). . ... *_The Seagp"at Patterns of Measles and Chicken Pox, by Mildred W. Wells (American Journal of Hygiene, 40:279. 1944). ,f *--Aerobiology (Publication No. 17 of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1942).. 4--Scarlet Fever as an Air-Borne Infection, by H. L.'Hodes, F.\F. Schwentker, B. M. Chenowith,- Jr., and J. L. Peck (American Journal of Medical Sciences, 209:64, 1945). s--Factors in the Control of the Spread of Acute Respiratory Infections with Reference to Streptococcal Illness and Acute Rheumatic Fever, by S. M. Wheeler and T. D. Jones (American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 209:58, 1945). -Laboratory and Reid Studies of Glycols and Floor-Oiling in the Control of Air-Borne Bacteria,, by A. P. Krueger et al (U. S. Naval Medical Bulletin, 42:1288, 1944). , ?--Bacterial Content of Air in Army Barracks, by A. M. Lemon, H. Wise and M. Hamburger (War Medicine, 6:92, 1944). -.. ' s--a Study of the Nature and Control of Air-Borne Infection in Army Camps, by O. H. Robertson, M Hamburger, C. G. Loosli. T. T. Puck, and H. M. Lemon (Journal of the American Medical Association,. 126:993, 1944). --Lethal Effects of Triethylene Glycol Vapor on Air Borne Bacteria and Influenza Virus, by O. H. Robertson et al (Science 97:142, 1943). to--The Present Status of Glycol Vapors in Air Sterilization, by M. Hamburger, Jr., O. H. Robertsoa, and f. T. Puck (American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 209:162, 1945). 11--Summary of a 3-Year Study of the Clinical Applications of the Disinfection of Air by Glycol Vapors, by T. N. Harris and J. Stokes. Jr. (American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 209:152, 1945). 11--Ultra-Violet Light Control of Air-Borne Infections in a Naval Training Center, by S. M. Wheeler, H. S. Ingraham. A. Hollaender. N. D. LiU, J. Gershon-Cohen. and E. W. Brown (American Journal of Public Health, 35:457, 1945). - A Comparative Study of the Effect on Men of Continuous. Versus Intermittent Exposure to a Tropical Environment, by N. Pace, M. B. Fisher. J. E. Birren. G. C. Pitta. W. A. White, Jr., W. V. Conso- lazio, and L. J. Pecora (Research Project X-205, Report No. 2, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda. Md.. May. 1945). t 14--physiological Observations Made on Men Aboard Ship During a Shakedown Cruise in Tropical Waters, by N. Pace, W. V. Consolazio, and A. R. Behnke (Research Project X-205, Report No. 3. Naval Medical Research Institute. Bethesda, Md,, August, 1945). * *--Environmental and Physiologic Studies Aboard an Air-Cooled Hospital Ship Enroute from Norfolk. Virginia to Canal Zone (U. S. S. Tranquility (AH-14), 6-13 June 1945). by A. R. Behnke (Research Project X-205, Report No. 4, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Md., September 1945). l --Environmental and Physiologic Studies aboard an Air-Cooled Hospital Ship En Route from Norfolk. Virginia to Ca"?l Zone (U. S. S. Consolation (AH-15), 14-20 July 1945). by G. J. Duffner and M. Ross (Research Project X-205, Report No. 5, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda. Md., September 1945). t'--Book Review by H. C. Bazett (Science, 102:74, 1945) of Climate and the Energy of Nations, by S. F. Markham (Oxford University Press, 1944). i --Safeguarding the Operating Room Against Explosions, by Victor B. Phillips (Modern Hospital, 46, April and May. 1936). See also Explosion Hazards of Combustible Anesthetics, by G. W. Jones, R. E. Kennedy and G. J.Thomas (U. S. Bureau of Mines, Technical Paper No. 653. 1943). l s--Fundamentals of Anesthesia (American Medical Association Press, Chicago, III., 2nd Edition. 1944. p. 204). --The Hazard of Fire and Explosion in Anesthesia, by B. A. Green (Anesthesiology 2:144, 1941): *i--Control of Physical Hazards of Anesthesia, by R. M. Tobell and A. W. Friend'(Canadian Medical Association Journal 46:560. 1942). **--A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1111--Air Conditioning Requirements of an Operating Room and Recovery Ward, by F. C. Houghten and W. Leigh Cook. Jr. (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 45, 1939. p. 161). **--Report on Air Conditioning in Surgery, by W. Leigh Cook, Jr. (Department of Industrial Hygiene, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 1940). *4_Unpublished Naval Studies by A. R. Behnke and O. Schneider (1940). --Disinfection of Air by Air Conditioning Processes, by C.' P. Yaglou and Ursula Wilson (American Association for the Advancement of Science, Publication No. 17, p. 129). The Control of Cross-Contamination by the Use of Mechanical Barriers, by J. A. Reyniers (Aero biology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Symposium, 17:254, 1942). *7--Report of the Committee on Air Conditioning (The American Hospital Association, p. 2, 1937). -The Premature InfantrA Study of the Effect of Atmospheric Conditions on Growth and on Develop ment. by K. D. Blackfan, C. P. Yaglou and K. McKenzie (American Journal Diseases of Children. 46: 1175, 1933). --Observations on the Control of Respiratory Contagion in the Cradle, by I. Rosenstern (Aerobiology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Symposium 17:242, 1942). * . --Fever Therapy by Physical Means, by Frank H. Krusenand E. C. Elkins (Journal American Medtcal Association, 112:1689, 1939), `physical Medicine, by F. H. Krusen (W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia and London, 1941).