Document NEp3XG6NpNXkK88pMaMxzK4mV

FILE NAME: DuPont (DUP) DATE: 1948 Jan 28 DOC#: DUP183 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Internal Report - Industrial Work Clothes: Their Provision and Laundering - Medical Dept. - Standard Oil Co. i 3 * . For laforraarlco rc Mesbera of 1 ?.J ttedloal Adviaary Conmittee - Kc^ For Fuel!gatlea EXHIBIT J M H t52 * * # # # * *i<- * , * * * * * < * INDUSTRIAL WORE CLOTHES : THEIR PSOVISIOR AID UOHIgRIHO IndwtrlaSty RRy0gIieSn.laBtO,SSISBtanNd.arAd.?OSi.lM.Co. (H.J.) ** * * V 1 JASUAHT 28th, 19h8 MEDICAL EBFAETMEHT -TAHDABDjOn IOMPANT (l.J.) 30Rce feller Plata ~ Sew York 20, S. Y. re ; ^ h te f fi 6i ti ^ fl*J . feb >>' S fifS 5^ . .,., ^m'r 'inf"ormation t' oHa'sth`e.i'J Q f ^ p ^ ite d ic ti Adv*-- r ""--^ P -- Wat yor p^ ll8 *ti< TBDtETRIAL HDBZ CLOCaSS : "5EZ3 TSCVZSm AKD ' ByF.OTS BCSSIB, M.A.; E.*. >* Industrial Hygienist, standard Oil Co, (H.J<> Hoderr. petroliw bechnolcgy and the production cf synthetic hydrocarbon t*x here introduced a number of cexpound and proceeeer which ay ndvsreely bmtLltk of work* unless certain precautionary measures are practiced. Aaan$ ^*ae J a w u n m . . 5 TM .,W tine, is the iaeuance of iniuatrial work clothing to enployeea and the installation plant laundry facilities to insure that such clothing io properly.cleaned end aaxnti sro-~at* vork clothe, properly fitted end maintained, play a prominent part- i in an induMrial vorkar'.a health and efficiency. This ia aapacielly true whan pereona ,, are vorii^e rrith. more or leee toxic or carcinogenic material* or where elaanlinaaa .ia ^c. a factor in tea maintenance of product quality. Consequently, many oresslve indUBtrial organ!zatlone, such ae B.X. duPoat da Bemoura a Ct*pany, tne a a n f 'Cyanaaid Company and the Borden Company, for year* supplied their employee, *erk clothing and hare inotituted a laundry service. . . . , ** *^ a ^ t* fc> Here than twenty years' experience has definitely shown that^thi* jaiactlaa^ -substantial dividends, both*finaneiai as vpll as improved public and employee r^ - At the same time, there baa been w7 little difficulty or resentmacfr-^uliia*^ Y tM provision of work clothes and their laundering on %ha part of !^loy*e_lB not receiving this eervice nor from local outside laundries and merchants,. ^ r/ In order to obtain definite data ae to the practical aspects of presiding wofttj b clothing and the operating of plant laundries,.visits;hawa been made to lhe Chttjgg* /works of the duPont Company at Deep Water, lew Jersey; American Cyanartd q c ^ W r a Caleo Chemicals Division's plant at Bound Brook, Sew Jersey; and Borden s-,Fam*l vision laundry at Cast Hew Tork, Hew Tork. The Information obtained during :.viaita is herewith briefly suamarlsed:. . .... - ' -w. *I* s** S D A H C | 0-. i.H 5 p 1 1 I A k ' 1 9 I-S C t / s .V l jJ g , .. ' . . .y .*1_***.* \-.jj ft--7-. . * " - * ,, * , ; * ' .*-* . - 7 ** work clothe# are usually l*#u#d upon Kpaliitioo tram th# #1o&t'n for*" L `iuerylior at a store-roo* at -one end of the jhployw.iixtlc# Building Boons) or adjacent, theretou --fheie appears, tp he no miSotm practiee ee .to the ,:clothlng aupplied vhleh qhvlouely l determined by the, nature of the, r fonaacta make a ' working with ec t>ulk of the clothing, with the exception of aianj^d glvan wool ehlrta. .. > In order usually kept, cf the American i keeping records of. clothes Issued, a'3" * 3" edsd'fifi >1 of such a card la,thla dee used X ,tfaa;lUBd Brp^h Company: - ' --* -V. ff >.*;?vJ'MaS . r >*',Vi>^ '"JPST. __**--*.io.-s a g 0 *; ^ - , vv - : iar) >03? ;......cicT i" iV ,,to i .>- !it* ; - JrB. 1' ,t.'. Me.-* ffcesT Waist ....1! x> 8 .' taper 5 - _yveraixs Leg Locker So. ---------- R oti :e To Paymaster Chc-at Waist Log Underwear S h irt sMS Drawers Back Back' 1.............. *. ' :: 'S.S sign . 1 TBPlttM*--------- A" rhPTr.hpra vfcrk: Upcn employment all operator sod maintenance men are given paire of trousers, two ehirte, two suits of long, underwear, two-large toyala tT"~ e cake of soap and a pair of wooden-soled sandals. These sacdais atrer *epa- to, fre sac taking eLever bathe, -'boy are obtained free,the Beeee Wooden TM. Company, Cciumbts, Kebraeka r:aci cost about fifty centra pair.' Open reqxrieit. nie forsaur., :n employ*** r?craves two new towels every ala weeks and a .new c u every tve kt-obo. The firai sows of clotting la.free after whicivemployee la with two new lacues & year at half price, upon requlwitian fraa/the farena.- *** clothing ronter.lr.ated or icaatjed to such' an extent that It seat be discarded` ^ rep-accd at Company .expense.- Clothing supplied to;enplcyees a w t ^ 'Ataraed-irt are terminated. . _ ' . ' ' `; Bound Spook Plant O rig in a lly a ll production n s were given c o v e r-a lia , under* soap and tove-ts out recen tly the Onion has Isolated th at thin se rvice ba extended maintenance men. Three so ts o f cloth es are furnished a year,' A a e t includes tw j of drawers iw inter or suacoer w eight), Wo; butt*(-of long-sleeved 'under-afairts^ or susner w eight), two su its o f o o ver-a ll* or twO'-Awgnrea* and two' Jackets. ' th is clothin g had to ba paid fo r over three pay-days, but, i t is now fr e e . , - are "heavy duty" 22 Inches by S4` Inches i s aln r. The underwear lb 0tlc a fb l Company, fle x ib le rib',- steam Btarunk.' The.cover-iSl} are "Amy Surplus* or '"F rd h lfli^ O veralls from Patarsen, Sew Jersey, A li cloth in g i s .stenc Ilia d ' w ith t ^ aa^ oyea ^ -hack number: .td*ae "Ind..e..l.i..b..l.e.--In-k, dbtaine-l -from---. K-oh-netiaant -r>C-cmpapy;" ' 3-91 Park ae it vill '.iork, S.Y. 'at $4.90 per quart. This ink is especially ly^roua,washings. _ .lC. ,, ./>,,7. Borden 'Onlforan, \alchall6 / 'coats','pants, aprons; caps anS furnished free"*ffilH plant a m (Production- Workers), platform ash, foremen; vhble^ aale driver* and oratory technicians'. Towels and smocks -are supplied to Office--, empior^e ari *c nan ta the Pricking Shop. ` Odlforas ad towalrart ohaagai-daily^X' ' . *V ***... , 4 A V B p f B I A S . O f n 'A T I Q I S Liintfriei a ~ u ^ located where the- utiiltlCs'(water\ steami g2e a ^ j ^ electricity are readily accessible for example, in one comer of the Bj^loyee*!!''X > Service Building (wash and locker rooms) such as at tbfe Bound Brook Pdairt af ths Calc ^ Chemicals Division of the American Tyanamld Caafpsny or ln.a separate building'emafc>ja-jy .the 30 rt. x (50 rt. corrugatec iron building at the Gbamtoers Wort* of tbe toPeot i ' ^ Company. Borden's laundry for the 'totropolitan Area 'i k a -ysrt*of thely.Atlantic'i. Avenue pastaurixiag. Plant. ` ' ' .. .. . ... VZUl IFHSST * Tfc> necessary le^mdry equipment depends upon the type aoi quantIt.* cf veris |g.fco be processed. Most cotton end, woolen wort doth* with the exceptl white ere aiaol;- vnstad and dried sad cot ironed. The necessary equ lieted bel `yu_ Chittere Mart: Coe ;2" x 72" Troy Premier Washer (2 sections) menufaetura&'^y tbs American Laundry Machinery Company. Capacity 300 lbs, dry clotbee. Deed fox^n^''..! overalls, coveralls, jackets, etc. One 36" x 51" Washer (2 aectlone} aanufsetwed^j. * J by the Trey Manufacturing Cccpany. Capacity 200 lb*, dry elothee and used for " towel* and socks. ' *k s One a0" x 18" Mercury Kxtrector, asnufaetured by tbe Trey Manufacturing Co and bae a capacity of 22? vet clotbeo. One 28" x 10" Xxtraetor aanufactured by thev.; Americen Laundry Company and bae a capacity of 7? lb*, of underwear per hour. The**-' centrifugal extractors remove approximately 50 percent of the water during the 1? minutes operating tine. Both extractor*, re equipped with safety device* Which covers from being opened when machine* are in operation. '' < ' . . One 40" x 6b" Dryer end two 36" x 90" Dryer* manufactured by the American Lam Machinery Company. The two dryer use*forced steam-heated air and each dries ' pound* of wet clothe* per hour at .-a-temperature of IdO^T. Hood Clothes are hangers and dried elovly overnight 1a m steam-heated.(3 radiator*) plant fab room at a temperature of about 130P. This roam can handle about SMO pomds elothee per day. ` -. ' Bound Brook'Plant?" One b2"' x 6b" Icrvood Washer end two b2* x'JJW VonraOd Washers aanufactured by tbe American Laundry Machinery Company. One 90" and one, lutrux Kxtroctors manufactured by the Aaerlcen Laundry Machinery Company. -Twelve'; Zone-Air Dryers, manufactured by ths American'Laundry Machinery Coepany. ibis ,r" " also bee an overhead monorail system for treneporting laundry from the wsihereto extractors and then to the dryer*./ - . ' . . . . - Dorden Ccnnaaav; l*ouf gtainlee* gtmel Smith Drum Washer made'by the jUsi&ie Laundry Machinery Company-;', Three mxtrartarg.'mada by the American Laundry-J ~^ ' Cospeny. One Morelone Diyer^-ILLi' of/this equipmecht. bee been in' service about" ' ' *. ' ' ..V' , - .`.v Modem BoulsmamfcT:fitteinfeie.prodrisea'bet''been'made Awing ;i-- ^ -- *'"*** design of laundry machlnirty'-forthlAb production rterlle-elean washing vltlE possible exeaple* of Cospany, C .......... " * co n-tro lled .Bare`erV 6,jkjw being aSm ufeetw edhy tbh American' Laundry-Men___ .... i V-v:; -Vr/ -' *>v-5 TlA S to^teioedg" mechanically In 'le s s than .a lin w c `^ w . _ _ . pbe*iU 5& H tr S elf contained-W ffolpm aat; ( r ii((ipl B s s t i r y u n it toe op eratio n ,' 'MBMng;piurt* maclobed for..safety.-:, P u ll-sk irte d . rTcri'~4&j' ends g u tte r-sp la sh e n d soap y .fd to ra. Psrow efideeiga.--' saves'eqppilas steam and w ater. B u ilt to An the. obr b e tte r, fester# mt Lee* .oobtiV . Dee* AC 220 volts# 6b cycle,,.3 phaae electric power.. Price- f;o.b, 2tail b2" * 3b" wlthrh BP motor, Capacity.22? Ibe;;dry clothes/ S2"-*' i" t lt h T SP '-m a^ vC ip c|^ r l3 ' ll* .t ;^ - ',cldSiei,, "CASCATE AUTOMATIC COXTBO^ Is designed fo r m a s a oospaalom any American Cascade Vaaher# to ' autoaectlo^ly perfw m 1^ eper*tiCCmTi4V^i''1A l the best predetonBlned 1-- formula. T t' siitss m i s f n j y snim.tmthV^Aij r " operetiaua. P riee f.o .b . C incinnati "for P JiIl Jla^xmadric^OCcOtiva^j^^^''^ fo r Seael-AutaSDetle C ontrol, ' . . .. * . , . .0*" ................... ' " .. ;-r:-:u szz^cz t; f ,sc7C aurtiur water from washed lauiiry more rap . i increases trriuctiw and cuts labor coat by e.initiating a-'.: ^.j;.v. 'li-l'aa of work frca time It ie unloaded from the *e.z2st* until i it c-tfsaitfti sockdnically at the daap assembly or various finishing dept; .* price i.i i> Cincinnati* for the 50" else, tl most ifiT.?.rally u^e-i, VI' s <1 capacity of ;20 its, is $5560*00, "Z.CS2-AIE EKIiSC TCH&LB8' incorporates an entirely new principle of tusblsr engineering which enables it to dry all classifications of *sundry work rEr'i**'y end at axtronoly low cost due to concentration of heated air la ? where work is noct thoroughly opened up for greatest exposure to the crying air. This recults la lower steam and power costs and sweeter jelling work -- becataie greater effectiveness of the high-velocity, heated sir makes drying leas dependent cm heat. Woxkie dried more .. naturally* as when huig in*a strong; warm breeze. Price of the 30 x 30 acKB-ATR DKTI5D HBSiaK complete is $7^5 f.o.b. Cincinnati, Ohio. L t m m 3 3 5 0 . - Tie ;:h&ibera Vorks laundry staff baa a "foreoan aad^eeven % B9C cs. its :C0 A.K. -vc *.00 ?..M, ehift and one man on the k:Q0 P.M. to 12:00 Midnight. The wage rate at present ie $1-37 per hour plus a $3.00 per day bonus. *" The Bound 5rook Plant Laundry has a staff of a foreman and eleven ment on day shift, six sc cc afternoon shift and two men on the midnight ehift. woman working one shift of eight heuro making necessary garment repairs, dll .. at the hiring rate of $1,035 per hour for 30 days? $1,065 per hour for -the next daye, eftfcr which the washers 'and countermen get $1.10 per hour. The Bcrdec Company's laundry has a foreman at $71,00 per week, five women at $W**00 per week, one seeostress it $U6.C0 par week, a driver at $61.00 per. week who collects v ana delivers the laundry fx-om the various branches and atations. . There appears to be very little labor turnover among the plant laundry workers. V, The average service at tte Borden laundry is 15 years, 0 years at the Chambers VorkM^.'^ Laundry and 5 years at the Bound Brook Plant- Laundry. ' ' , ` ` -7 ... >** w *\ J B X OK TATMiffiT pROcigSKD - The Chambers Works Laundry does from 750 to 000. w-7, bundles (pantB, shirts, underwear, socks,, tcwels, coveralls and tapers) per day. 7 ..- This is approximately k,OOOjpieces or about two-tons dry weight. 7. The Bound of underwear Plant- .Laundry on an average does about -3600 coveralls, 7800 suits tewsla per 8h hours,. . Ths BorddHHBtay is the- only one 6f the laundries visited that finishes any.. ^ work, the othexWSSr do "rough dry work". On the average they finish weekly *80 " coats, 460 pasts, 800 apxcoe, 12 cape, 10,000 towels, 175 uniemail*, and 75 shirt:; In the Bough Dry eleas, the daily average output is 1000. coats, IOOO pants, 80 towels . and kO unionaAis. __ LA<TORT PBCCKWKBS - There is. of course. some variation In the laundry procedure at tba various laundries visited, however, the procedure at the Chambers Works Laundry. vhich ie outlined below,. 1 typical: ' ` 0 to, * ..luadry bags, i.i..:. .*.jr.:iir.-,nz arjroxlaately 2$ oundles, are received iaii- irrm "be waricvs -rsrjyj .louses by sarejs truck 2ech bundle is tied and tic-~.-e.SPd, showing aca'r clstcs cumber, lvrae end ciwue-house. The bags are cperri er.d bundles placed cl '-cyrtiag -able. Coe man removes teg asd passes . bundle cr. tc another terser ubc asters name and number on a laundry check sheet. xax. -net caxls out pie;.3 by naan (pants, shirt, aorks, etc.}, which second - ouc enters sn check Hat. A cumbered identification safety pic (10 to a eet obtained free S. r.oixiBteajn & Company, Camden, lev Jersey), is pinned to each _ . piece of clothing. Clothes are separated is laundry baskets as to woolens, towel*t underve&r, and socks; paste, shirts, etc. The clothes are then washed as follows: A. Clothes (not from dye operations: . ; Gals. of Amt, per Temp. Opera 1 Bg0 1 tion Washer Ingredients OBbd 100# Dry Clothes . of Water Bunnlnc * Tima Binse 78 Wash 1 r% Victor, Perlite -- 8 oz, 100^.-120^7 5 Kin. **** **e Simplex 16 oz, . 16or. 10 Kin. . .Suds 33 Binse 78 Simplex Water l6 oz. l60f, .. 10 Kin. . . . i70r. * 5 m ,s ~\ Binse 76 Water -- -. 140P. 5 Ml$. ' Binse 76 Water Cold 5 n; ''7* Binse 78 Water -- Cold 5 te*. -,V< *: vii 33, Clothee from Dye ftnerat 1nr,* are washed as shore with the-exception that 12 ozb. of P e rlite i alkr.l i t is used instead o f 6 ozs. , and 2U o zs. o f Simples instead of lo oze. ' . ' ` C. Greasy and Paint Stained Clothing? ' 3' Opera tion Wash :v :: Suds \ Binse r Binse Binse :> Buse Gala, of a2o in . Washer 38 Tfrflfe*** jSMgL'. 'V ' ,Amt, per ` Ingredients 100# Dry- , Temp, ' ' of ' - ^ i*' m<** *y . ItUD&l&ft'* * V Used Clothes V. \ Time (Perlite . ` (Pentroil ' (Nsrcolold . Simplex . ' Water Water -* .06 oz. * 1 Pt7 ho OS, . 32 oz. * .... e*. . - 180. , . ' . lO Kin. -'UV\eMe * -- . ' __--_ * t ' *-..'* 170P. . 10 um.- :7 *.. l6o*. i .5 ma. >.:?( lOOPf-, . 5.Ki^.-;^ Water ' . Water* ' i . iocfa. . 5** .* Cold -, 5 te.'-7^ ' L Hasi MefehiM (sot from Eye Operations) ere washed in 7 gallons of waterrt.:,'| 100F. with one plat of Puponol 1 fasts per-100 lbs. of dry clothes for 10 minutes v'" sad given two rinses with 7 gallons,of water at lOOPf. for 5 minutes aaph. \ ` * * ; V _ S. wool Clothing from l>/e Arcae is given earns treatment as bore exceptfor an:~itrj! extra wash, laundry bags aro washed daily with wool clothing,' ^ '* " ~ (The compounds: Perlite, Simplex, Pantroll and MercOlold used - - , " in the washing operations are products from B, Kohnsteam ',% Co., ,. law York and Chicago. DuPonol IS Past* ie a DuPont -product.) r t .y ' V> f e j v '- V? '-*i rf!S&iyp4` ciata.a ; Tr-:s.".ae?:- ;f w_o~,.-.:.;ir Afuer clothes have been washed and VTCZ.S, :->'7 * left :* **I-**(, *ifi'5f extracts?*; where approximately 40 gl.1rr,? of I-r-? ?<naidant Cif .An arretr-s sulisriits induct aiade fey the DuPont Company1 e=i'..t:cn '1.1 Sp. gr .! is nidsu. are sea ted in this solutloo fer two minutes, wrunc m d dried. The s-.-iiiicn it .oc-v<r*d, brought up to the original strength and 'u reuti-i All pieces 3' .''ism?-?:??.*.ad clntiisg are etemped (3 diagonal bare) with s* water soluble yeliev lye '"Uthcocl" F Telicw 3 G ^aoxe, a dye starch mixture wut* by Ccancers Wcras Du? jm lespary Technical Laboratory and epplled by a rubber Btcp)( .** before they are returned t: the areas. ?hle give area supervision a check as asm ,< who ere required to wear 3ucfc clothing. . . ' . Sorting end Bundling: After clothes have been dried they are sorted on nunbered. books cn moveable races. The racks are then rolled to outgoing "bundling" tshle where-# each man's clothes is checked with original "check list", then bundled. Bundles axe * packed in the Change 3ouse Laundry Bags (which have been laundered). After tying u p ' and tin-tagging a carbon copy of-the "check list" le placed in each bag which le dr ` ** value to the change house attendants In htvn ing distribution of clothing. Sharp articles, such as razor blades, left in pockets of dirty clothes ` presents *$A8 a serious hazard. Care suer he exercised In handling laundry pins. Clothing con** -- :- laminated with toxic aatorlals such as Betenaphthylaalne, Benzol, etc., are given a special treetasnt at the Laccr&tory before being- sent to the Laundry. They kept sepera+e and handled with rubber gloves. ^Bound Brook Plant Laundry Procedure: The washing operation at the Bound Brock'.V;pi Laundry is very similar no that outlined above oxcept that all coveralle are glv*gk'---J a K> to 15 minute eoak in sa agitated solution of k pounds of Soda Ash In 80 gallons' of water at i=,0F., rinsed, then washed for 20 minutes in 9 oza. 92^ Armours Soap --'.via Powder in 6c &xllons of water at 150F. in a Norwood Cascade Masher, rinsed, placed *'A', In a centrifugal extractor for 20 minutes and dried 20 to 30 minutes in a Scoe-Alr,".'V* drier. --V*'J with The following formula has been recommended for laundering work clothing soiled - ,_ grease and grime: ' U* w e ft mixture coaeieting of 8 part* fcy eight of Sodium Netaallleate . Vi Ala ' ' ` / * *\ - - / to i of soap, or h perts of Sodium Metaaillcate to 3 of soap, and add ' rA sufficient to the wheel to give desired amount'of suds. For flat work ..'- and acme colored goods, 3 parts bjr weight of soap and 2 parts of Sodium 1 A Metoalltart*, flAHMBtfra - The Chambers Works of the duFoot Company report that coverall^^K^wderwear on the average withstands 15 to 20 -washings before tbeyA must be repls^Hsi. This le probably duo to the type of compounds encountered rather'' than to the laundering operations. ' The Bound Brook Plant of the Calco Chemicals Division has bound that the life. of their cover-alls is 150 washings; and their underwear, about 200 washings. ---- ~gt&l -Cost...Of- -Mo| Clothes -- AceordingtoKr.A. C. Pease, General A Superintendent of the Bound Brook Plant Laundry the total cost (Including labor, materials, rfent,flight, steam, voter, interest and amortization) of laundering work clothes is $0.033 per pound of dry clothes. The coat of labor and terlals : is only dO.Clo par pound of lay clothes. The bee* p rice th a t could be obu^Uod outside local laundry was $0.00 per pound dry clothes. , f . ' Ip-w Mr. if. B. Kite, Foreman of the Chambers Works Laundry reports that the total - cost, including all direct and indirect chargee was about $0.'03'mr pound of dry ' Clotbsa ' p . ^ : (?) ' - ^ .'V ' . : y . / - .: Jie vere unable* to secure the coat ter pound of work ciothes latnderei at the .at ikv York `.-nc'xy o:' Eorosa'a Tare Product, however, hire are the pprrice ciurgcd <-iatfc-j various depio-taerte taring work done. . 30U32 C..r/ WORE , ............. ........ $0.05 P t e ......... .................0.05 **1.............................. .... . * .......... .... 0.015 Uoion-All*.......o.lO Machine Cover__ . . . 0.395 Dieh Cloths....... ; 0.015 Pulver Bags ....... .. 0.10 FINISHED VQBE .. >* c o a t ...... ;........^'6.695'.' P t e .... .... .......... 0,095 Driver#* Shirt ........... 0 . 1 1 ' Overalls .................. 0.1S5 - owle .................. 0.03 * Jturse' nifor ... ...... 0.315 Doctor* Coat... ;....... O.315 Union-All ................o.lk . th+ TV'-- ' At 1,11 PCiata visited there vs general agreement that It ifes good bueireyp to rrtvidi work clothe and uneTwv&r to eaploveeB on Jooe vaich involved f-spoeure to tusi- and Irritant iraterlal or particularly *rP 'Jobe involving oil, gYc-ao:.. grim? -ud soot. It vas also generally agreed T p a,r'`r*nt."RunirJr t-roccrl;* e-uipj.-cd and opsrr.ted v- n r.-ofitable invectscat vrueb iaauro^ taat v;ifc r-c-.-w v.-uM be pret-orly laundried urd aaintt-iaed. 3( Rc-.V-.-_Nr 2sr; Mffc.Yc:*: tt-. j:.y. ."crur-- ,i,r)ta. 9e ROY S. SOE.-'t?. ! M : F w a d u stri 5;.g:r,:r StaudirJ Ci.- Cvrpray r .; A