Document NEg3RwRLbzGOxvD9nVLrz93mE

The Dutch Process of Making Lead HE method employed in England and the United States in the production of white lead, except for a limited amount, is that known as the Dutch Proc ess. In other words, the Dutch are gene rail \r cred ited with the discovery of this successful method, though this contention is disputed by some. For instance, in an old Roman work written about 300 B. C.. may be found the following: "Lead is placed in earthen vessels over sharp vinegar, and after it has acquired some thickness of a sort of rust, which it does in about ten days, they open the vessel and scrape it off." There are many references which could be quoted to show that white lead was manufactured in many other coun tries of Europe prior to the period usually referred to for the establishment of the industry in Holland, i. e., the sixteenth century. W hen metallic lend is ex)>osed to the action of the air and moisture, it becomes 0007-SWp-000000357 covered with a white substance composed of carbonate and hy drated protoxide of lead, which is the white lead of commerce. By the Dutch Process white lead is produced A Lead by artificially creating these conditions and submitting metallic lead to the corroding effects of a warm atmosphere loaded with the vapors of carbon dioxide (carbonic acid gas), of acetic acid and of steam. The indications are that the chemical process in the corrosion of lead by the Dutch Process involves at the start'-The oxidation of the lead and the formation of basic lead acetate; that this basic lead acetate is decomposed by the carbon dioxide present, the basic lead being pre cipitated as white lead; and that the neutral acetate, again acting on more metallic lead, is changed into the basic form ready to be acted upon again by the carbon dioxide, and so continuing as long as all the con ditions requisite are PreSent- Corrodin'Pot Regarding the method of handling the lead in corroding stacks, quoting from an old work, the following may be found as the method used in Rotterdam and Amsterdam : "The lead was first cast in thin sheets, which were rolled in a spiral, and placed in earthen pots 7 to 8 inches high and 4 to 5 inches in diameter, mad: wider at the top than at the bottom. To prevent the lead from falling to the bot tom, they placed inside the pot, and at about one-third of its depth, a piece of wood cut the length of the diameter of the pot. This was the Rotterdam meth od. At Amsterdam the manufacturers had moulded in the inside of the pot, and at about one-third of its height, three little points, which served, instead of the wood, to support the lead. The stacks were built in one range of four, each being T5 feet square. After the pots had been filled up to an indicated point, with vinegar, and the Vapor Regulator spiral lead placed in position in each pot, they were arranged in rows in the stack upon a bed of dung, 4 feet thick; the pots were placed together as closely as pos- s I \ 0007-SWP-0000003 sible and when the bed was covered with the pots, plates of lead were laid upon them and the whole layer covered with boards. These boards were then cov ered with dung and another tier of pots placed as before, filled with vinegar and lead, and covered in the same manner. This was repeated until five tiers, or layers, were built up. The lead was left in the stacks from 4 to 5 weeks, 'accord ing.' Jars says, to the season and the quality of the dung.' '* This method, in so far as corroding is concerned, is vir tually the same as is in use today, except that spent tan-bark (bark which has been used in tanning operations) is used in place of manure, a flat lead plate (called a buckle) instead of a rolled sheet, and the further fact that the ther mometer and ventilating pipe play an im portant part in the handling of the stacks of today. o Our Facilities for Makin Old Dutch Process Lead HE Sherwin-Williams Co. has for a long time pro duced the more important raw materials that enter into its manufactured products. White lead has been left until almost the last because of the large amount of property and investment necessary to complete a suitable cor roding plant. We now have at Chicago a com plete white lead plant where we are manufacturing Old Dutch Process Lead (ODP). Our reason for making our own lead is not only due to the fact that our con sumption of carbonate of lead is very large, but also to the fact that as we make, sell and distribute a complete line of paint and varnish products, we feel that it is decidedly to our best interests to offer our trade a strictly pure grade of white lead of such quality as will be rec ognized as the leading brand throughout the country. To safeguard tin* quality of our lead, we have as corrodcr a man 7 | > ! 0007-SMP-000000359 A--Main screen, where second separation is made 23--Last screen, where final separation is made a who has had over 25 years' experience in the lead business. The foremen of each department are also men whn have served many years in lead manufacture. Tlie stack-house where we are corrod ing Old Dutch Process Lead is 266 feet long, 233 feet wide, and contains 3/* stacks, with provision for adding any number of additional stacks from time to time as the growth of the business may require. Each stack has a capacity of 13.000 pots, each pot holding about IS pounds of lead. The mill building in our plant is 150 feet long. 75 feet wide and 4 stories high. It contains the separating. grinding and washing machinery, settling tanks, mixing machinery and lin seed oil storage tanks. The accompanying view shows a draw ing gang dumping the corroded lead front the pots into a dump bucket. A travel ing crane, of which there are four, then takes the filled bucket to the bucklebeater where the lead is weighed and dumped and then automatically conveyed to the mill building after the first separa tion of scrap lead has been made. The traveling cranes not only operate backwards and forwards, but are so ar ranged as to leave the bridge behind to travel out over any individual stack. This enables us to handle the material 0007-StfP-000000360 most economically both into and out ot the stacks. As soon as a stack is emptied the setting- gang comes in and the work of rebuilding goes on; corroding pots are | served the men by the cranes, who ar- 1 range them in rows ready for the new i buckles that are delivered from the cast- I ing machine in quantities of 3.000 pounds j at a time. With the modern stack-house I equipment as described, we are able to set j and draw lead as economically, if not j more so. than any other concern in the \ white lead business in this country. j The second illustration on page eight j shows the screens in our separator house i where the carbonate i- screened after ' passing through a series of rolls that j break off and flatten out all particles ; of blue lead that stillremain after pass- : ing through the first separation in the ; corroding yard. From the screen "D" the carbonate is delivered to the drag-box. f where it is mixed with water and passed into the water mills for grinding. In making our Old Dutch Process Lead we use only the best specially refined, de silverized pig lead that we can [xossiblv obtain. The greater part of our tonnage of pig lead is shipped to us in car-loads j of 50 tons each. Thelead conics in pigs ; weighing abniti 100 pounds each. receipt of the cars at our Chicago plant. 10 0007-5WP-000000361 Tub room, Where lead is settled before going to dry pans or mixers Water mills, where lead is first ground tn water 12 each pig is sampled by a tester and analy sis made on the combined samples. This gives average figure.- for each shipment received, allowing us to keep a check and to be absolutely sure that the pig lead we are using is right. One brand of pig lead purchased is the Electrolytic Double Re fined Desilverized Corroding Lead and the standard with which our analysts is checked is as follows: Copper -- - - - - - .001 Silver, not more than - - - .001 Arsenic -- -- - - - - .002 Antimony -- -- - - - - .006 Bismuth - - - - - - .003 Iron - - - - - - - .002 Zinc - - - - -- -- -- trace By this thorough method of checking the raw product that goes into our white lead, and by careful and up-to-date means of manufacture, we are able to produce a lead which we know will be absolutely satisfactory in every particular, and one that will meet exactly the guarantee shown on every package of Old Dutch Process Lead that we manufacture: This package is warranted to contain nothing but Strictly Purr White Lead, ground in Strictly Pure Linseed Oil, and we will pay one ounce of gold for c'ccry ounce of adulteration it may be found to contain. IS >w.t) W 0001.Sr-000000362 How We Make Old Dutch Process Lead HE process by which we make our lead is as fol lows: A bed of tan-bark, about 14 inches in depth, is spread in what is called a stack. Upon this bed of bark are set in even rows hundreds of corroding pots. In the bottom of each pot is placed about a pint of 2*/j per cent acetic acid. The pots are then filled to the top with lead buckles, each of which weighs about three-quarters of a pound. When the entire space is filled, except for a wall of tan-bark on four sides, a ventilating pipe with a 2-inch hole in top is placed in position at or about the center, and the whole surface is covered with a layer of 'boards. Upon the boards is placed an other layer of tan-bark, then more pots, acid and lead, and so on until the stack is filled to its limit, and the stack is then finished and ready to be manipulated by the corroder. The hole in the top of each vent i> provided with :t small penr-shaped button. which is used to regulate the flow it Two shaker screens where all foreign matter is eliminated 15 0007-SVP-000000 363 of !:!' vc.i-1 r iT'::'.] cue.) ><. Ct- i:r - cvnincratin'e indicated by the thermometer and a- Lie ui'!c rent 1 f the ..pp.K-r indi caw-. V, hen Liu bed- arc co-ed. iieat i< .venerated hv slow combustion in the raiibark. and at the same time oxidation lakes place. The heat also evaporates the acetic acid, which attacks the lead oxide and forms a lade acetate of lead, which u hen combined with tiro carbomc acid ya- "'cnerared by tiie combustion in the tan-bark, form- what is known as the white load of commerce. The pmee-renvure- approximate!'. !21"' dav- from start io rini-h. or from the time the lead is pnt in until it has all been taken out. # Tile results as to the percentage of lead corroded, and tile percetuuqv of increase in weight. vary in nearii every stack. The former i- liked' to he anywhere iro n 70 to 00 per cent, and a~ a rule, taken vear m and venr nut. the average "-ill not siiow over an S(.i per cent corrosion. The increase does lint vary creat!;-. and it will be found that for every K;0 pound' of metal corroded there will be taken out from 124 to 12 i pounds, or an increase of 24 to 2' per cent. + This ends the rir.-t step in the process, and all that remain- i> to put the lead in prot.er silane tor tile market. To do this is t'teiL . / pan-rvom Fiiliitj -r. L' cr is weighed into kegs after refinr t hniecd mV J7 0007-SWP the lead is first passed through a system Safeguarding Our Linseed Oil of screens and rolls so that all metallic particles of uncorroded lead may be taken AFEGUARDING our raw out; it is then passed along to the water i materials has always been mills to be ground to a proper degree of a watchword with this fineness, and then pumped to a washing Company. In addition to and floating system. The lead must be manufacturing our own thoroughly washed to take out the acid white lead, operating our which remains after the process of cor zinc and lead mines and rosion. smelters, making our own Then there remains only to take out any tan-bark which may have dropped in with the lead, settle out the coarse parts to be reground, and float on the fine particles to the settling system, from whence it is pumped on to dry pans and dry colors, japans, driers, etc., and testing the tur pentine which we use, we make the pure linseed oil which we use in our vari ous paint and varnish products. the water evaporated. We then have our Linseed oil is the most important raw Strictly Pure Old Dutch Process White material used in the manufacture of Lead (dry), ready to be pulverized. ** paints and varnishes. It has a peculiar packed in barrels and sent to our various quality of combining with the other ingre plants, or ground in oil and sent into the dients in forming a film which protects open market. " the surface underneath. The quality of linseed oil is therefore of the greatest importance, as the use of inferior or adul terated oil for preparing or thinning a paint is sure to cause trouble and give unsatisfactory results. In order to abso lutely safeguard our products, we have for a number of years manufactured our own linseed oil. We have given tile mak ing of our oil the very closest attention is 19 0007-SWP- Lintttd Oil Mitt, CJez'eiand-~-Interior View r to insure its quality in every possible way. This care in manufacture starts at the very beginning, as we buy onlv the best flaxseed obtainable. This seed is screened and recleaned in our own mills, and is then pressed at a lower temperature than is usually employed, leaving in the cake the mucilaginous matter which usually finds its way into the oil. In order to further clarify the oil it is carefully fil tered and stored in steel tanks, where it is aged until it becomes clear and bril liant and free from sediment. Linjctd Oil Mill, CUvtlcnd--Extrrior View -->*.* * y< rt''TuLzis.'--'.'i'7u'_l i 90 0007-SMP-000000366 First Quality Colors in Oil HE Sherwin-Williams Co. makes a line of First Qual ity colors in oil with the special requirements of the most intelligent class of master painters in mind. Our oil colors are used by the practical painter to tint pure white lead or stock white base to the desired shade required for paint ing the particular job in hand. These colors are ground exceedingly fine in mills of our own special design. They embody the maximum of tinting strength, combined with purity of tone. Owing to the strength of the color and the impalpable fineness to which they are ground, they possess unusual tinting strength, and for that rea son are economical in use. Painters who use tinting colors with white lead as a base will find that the Sherwin-Williams Strictly Pure Old Dutch Process White Lead has all the old-fashioned good qualities necessary for this purpose. Our Old Dutch Proces- I t ad F frt'i' from acid and F ground in our own linseed oil. For this reason 33 it will be found absolutely satisfactory in every particular, for use with our First Quality Color in Oils. Directions for Use. In using First Quality Colors in Oil with Old Dutch Process Lead or Paste White stock, the lead should first be broken up to a semi-painting consistency and stirred until the mixture is perfectly smooth. The color should then be re duced to about the same consistency bv the addition of a little turpentine. Then gradually add the color to the white, keeping the mixture stirred continually until the desired shade appears. It will be found that much less tinting color will be required for Sherwin-Williams First Quality Colors in Oil. so used, than if ordinary adulterated colors or dry colors hand-mixed with oil are used. SherwinWilliams First Quality Colors in Oil rep resent the highest quality in purity, tint ing strength, and fineness of grinding. 0007-SWP-000000367 Sherwin-Williams First Quality Colors in Oil are made in the following' tints and color-: BLACKS-- Ivory Drop English Coach Sign Painters Lamp BLUES-- Chinese Prussian Cobalt Ultramarine BROWN'S-- Raw TurkeyUmber Burnt Turkey Umber Raw Italian Sienna Burnt Italian Sienna Vandyke Brown CREEKS-- Paris Bronze Chrome Light Chrome Medium Chrome Dark REDS-- Dragon Bulletin Premier Non-Fading English Vermilion American Vermilion English Rose Lake English Rose Pink Bright Tuscan Tuscan Turkey Indian English Venetian YELLOW S--Chrome Light. Medium Orange and Dark Orange (Chemically Pure i Chrome Light, Medium Orange and Dark Orange Golden Ochre Yellow Ochre 2* B4J4 A'O 531 j I | * 0007"SP~000000368 There is a Sh e r w in -Wil l ia ms Pr o d u c t for every protective, preservative and decorative purpose EACH PRODUCT FOR ITS PURPOSE IS BEST FAINTS AND VAXNISHES Paints. Varnishes* Stains and Enamels for fin* ishing and rrfinishing every kind of surface: a complete range of.products of the highest qual* ity. for painters and decorators, property owners, householders, railway, street railway and marine use. and the manufacturing trades. DYESTUFPS. COLORS. PIGMENTS AND CHEMICALS A wide range of Dyes. Intermediates. Colon and Pigments, as well as an extensive line of chemicals, for prompt shipment and contract. INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES A complete tine of spraying materials, in both dry and paste form, covering every requirement of landscape, orchard, farm and garden. DISINFECTANTS A tine of very powerful coal-tar disinfectants for use in the home and on the farm. DIPS A full tine of coal-tar and arsenical dipe for cattle, sheep, horses and other livestock. WOOD PRESERVATIVES A line of high quality timber preservatives equal in most respects and superior in many respects to the beet imported wood preserve* tives. SOAPS AND CXEANINC COMPOUNDS A complete tine of liquid end paste aoape for home, industrial and garage use. Cleansers and polishers for metal, furniture, woodwork, automobiles, etc. Floor Oils. Floor Wax. etc. Sh e r w in - Wil l ia ms Pr o d u c t s Fa in t s mh o Va r n is h e s s t s s t u r r s , c o l o r s , Rtomssrs. c h emic al s . mssevetsss, o /s /r r ec t amt s , s ir s , w o o d r r s str v mTivts, SOARS AMS CLAASmO COMROUSOS Factories: Cleveland. Chicago, Newark. Detroit, Montreal London. Eng.. Sydney, N.S.W. Sales Offices end Warehouses In Principal Cldee B424 F19 1041