Document NE915qeLb589b9MGVBBJj4jmR

) JCR COMMITTEE USE CKLY } not for AMTOICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE MEDICAL ADVISORY COMQTTEE Twenty-Fifth Meeting April 21, 1958 Card Roam, Haddoa Hall Atlantic City, Nev Jersey i i i MEMBERS PRESENT: V. C. Baird, M. D., Chairman J. W. Osborn, M. D., Vice Chairman C. R. Miller, M. D., Secretary W. 0. Armstrong, M. D. p. F. Boys, M. D. Richard Call, M. D. L. E. Curtis, M. D. Keiffer Davis, M. D. R, E. Eckardt, M. D. K. R. Fourcher, M. D. T. M. Frank, M. D. F. D. Gaasavay, M. D. . C. H. Hine, M. D. T. J. Kelly, M. D. T. H. Mitchell, M. D. M. N. Nevquiet, M. D. B. B. Reeve, M. D. J. C. Ruddock, M. D. G. M. Saunders, M, D. (Rep. by L. C. Beard, Jr.) Leo J. Wade, M. D. 1 j TECHNICAL ADVISORS PRESENT: V. L. Avrett W. H. Barcus B. E. Bennison, M. D. Frank Born, M. D. R. C. Cole E. K. Daniels H. W. Gerarde, M. D. j. W. Hammond P. D. Halley . C. A. Neilson T. B. Rendel L. E. Renes F. J. Sanders (Rep. by W. E. Scovlll) J. A. Spence Fred Venable G. M. Wilkening MEMBERS ABSENT* Lama on Blaney, M. D. J. W. Crookshank, M. D. J. H. Hege, M. D. E. K. Linder, M. D. E. P. Luongo, M. D. B. S. MiUer, M. D. R. C. Page, M. D. R. J. Potts, M. D. Ralph Schneider, M. D. OTHERS PRESENT: S. S. Alexander Dr. R. G. Blrrell M. A. Connell Dr. De Boor A. H. Diserens Philip Drinker (Consultant) J L. Foub John Hatch Ed Herman 3. A. Jacobson - C. A. Nau, M. D. 2. 0. Mattocks Phillips Petroleum Company Imperial Oil Ltd. Egle Products Company Dutch Shell Creole Petroleum Corporation Harvard University Imperial Oil Ltd. Phillips Petroleum Company Humble Oil St Refining Con?)any Universal Oil Products Company University of Texas American Petroleum Institute API 07331 SC-API-3008 EB 006690 r c- 7) (j, J. Roberts . ij, j. Smith i pupert Snolt I H- B* Snyder p. j. Sorenson E. A. Turcot H. von Racter Mclvor Woody, M. D. Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Shell Oil Company Humble Oil & Refining Company Shell Oil Company Imperial Oil Ltd. Shell Oil Company Retired I. OPENING REMARKS . , The chairman welcomed everyone present. He indicated that the Medical Advisory Committee functions chiefly through its subcommittees who are the working groups. Actions of the Medical Advisory Committee are referred to the Medical and Health Committee of the Board of Directors for final approval. The chairman requested each member to review the functions ,,of the Medical Advisory Committee. He asked each one to review the booklet, entitled "Health. A Brief Review of API Medical Advisory Committee Activities," which is based upon an address presented at the November 14, 1955 API Meeting by George M. Saunders, M. D. The Appendix of this booklet has the Board of Directors action, dated April 21, 155 related to the function, composition, organization, and procedures of the Medical | Advisory Committee. A copy of this booklet is attached as Appendix A. { II. INTRODUCTION OF GUESTS . The chairman called upon the secretary, C. R. Miller, M. D., to introduce the guests at the meeting. . III. MINUTES OF 2UTH MEETING . The chairman asked if there vere any corrections or additions to the minutes of the last meeting of the Medical Advisory Committee. ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the minutes of the 24th meeting of the Medical Advisory Committee, held November 13, 1957, be approved as distributed. IV. SUBCOMMITTEE REPORTS A. Operating Subcommittee - V. C. Baird, M. D., Chairman Dr. Baird reported the actions of the Operating Subcommittee, which held a meeting April 19> 1953. A copy of the minutes are attached (Appendix B). ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the actions of the Operating Subcommittee, together with their report, be accepted. B. Program Subcommittee - E. K. Linder, M. D., Chairman EB 006691 B. B. Reeve, M. D., reported for Chairman E. K. Linder, M. D. His report ia given in Appendix C. The desirability of having a Group Session during the November 1953 Annual API Meeting was carefully considered. API 07332 T -3- ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that there he no Medical Advisory Committee Group Session during the 1959 Annual API Meeting. The need and frequency of discussion sessions, sponsored by the Medical Advisory Committee vaa reviewed. * ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that a round table discussion meeting for the Medical Advisory Consolttee be held once a year during the Annual API Meeting. The members of the Medical Advisory Committee vlll be contacted by the chairman of the Program Subcommittee to determine if they have any topics for these dlscusaional sessions and also if there is anyone who wishes to be a dlscusalonal leader. ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. C. Subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollutants - John C. Ruddock. M. D., Chairman Dr. Ruddock reported on the activities of his subcommittee. His report la given In Appendix D. ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. D. Subcommittee on C9 - Aromatics - Kleffer Davis, M. D., Chairman .Dr. Davis presented the report of his subccosnlttee which Is given In Appendix E. . ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be approved. E. Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity - R. E. Eckardt, M. D., Chairman Dr. Eckardt reported on this group's activities which is given in Appendix F. ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be approved. . F. Subcommittee on Dermatology - Leo J. Wade, M. D., Chairmen Dr. Wade reported that the Division of Marketing Industrial Hygiene Committee was currently reviewing a booklet to be published by the industrial Hygiene Foundation. ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. G. Subcommittee op Economic Poisons - J. W. Osborn, M. D., Chairman 0733 Dr. Osborn reported on the activities of this group. His report is given as Appendix G. . EB 006692 -k- T The usefulness of the Poison Centers was discussed. It vas pointed out by ooe member that the Telephone Company has been contacted to determine If an arrange- could be worked out whereby a person dialing POISON would be connected auto matically with the nearest Poison Center. Likewise, the question was raised as to ytietber the National Clearing House of the Public Health Service In Washington would ^seolnate Information to all Poison Cehters. ACTION: It.vas regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. g. Subcommittee on Medical Policies and Practices - Ralph Schneider, M. D., Chairman Dr. Fourcher, Acting Chairman, gave the report of this group's activities. The report Is attached as Appendix H. Dr. Reeve, Acting Chairman of the Program Subcommittee, accepted the offer of the Medical Policies and Practices Subcarnalttee to arrange a half-day round table discussion during the November Annual API Meeting. ACTION: It vas regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. I. Subcommittee on Physical Agents - C. H. Hlne, M. D., Chairman Dr. Hlne reported on this subcanal ttee's activities. His report is given in Appendix I. . Dr. Hlne reported that Mr. D. T. Staples, Chairman of the Medical and Health Committee, had requested Mr. J. 0. Jordan of the Shell Oil Company to try and attend the meeting of the Medical Advisory Committee as a representative of the Board group. Unfortunately, Mr. Jordan vas unable to attend the meeting but sent his best wishes by Dr. Hlne. . ACTION: It vas regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. J. Subcommittee on Toxicological Reviews - H. W. Gerarde, M. D.t Chairman Dr. Gerarde presented his report which is given as Appendix J. ACTION: It vas regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. The question was raised as to whether the Subcommittee on Toxicological Reviews had considered including, in the Reviews, the uses of the various materials under consideration. The subcommittee was to take this under advisement. K. Subcommittee on Industrial Hygiene - Jack Spence, Chairman Mr. Jack Spence, Chairman, presented his report which Is given in Appendix K. ACTION: It vas regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. L. Special Ad Hoc Committees EB 006693 API 07334 The chairman explained that he appointed a Special Ad Hoc Committee ' -5- . consisting of G. M. Saunders, M. D. and B. E. Bennison, M. D. to consider the estab lishment of a Subcommittee cn Epidemiology. Dr. Bennison presented the report cf the subcommittee, which is attached as Appendix L. The discussion brought agreement that Dr. Bennison and Dr. Saunders be requested to continue to work on the advantage to the Medical Advisory Committee of establishing a subcommittee on epidemiology and make a report and recommendation at the Chicago meeting, November 1950* ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. V. REPORT OF LIAISON HUMBER3 . A. Dermatitis Survey . Dr. Leo J. Wade reported that there was no activity to report. B. Asphalt Institute Dr. R. E. Eckardt reported that there was no activity to report. C. Smoke and Fumes Dr. J. C. Ruddock stated that, at the request of the Smoke and Fumes Committee, his Subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollutants was attempting to prepare a statement of the possible effect of smoke and fumes on the health of human beings. Be Indicated that Dr. Philip Drinker was to help his subcommittee in the preparation of a statement which will be circulated to the Medical Advisory Committee for their approval, after being approved by the Subcommittee cn Atmospheric Pollutants. Dr. Eckardt indicated that the Esso Research & Fhglneering Company had prepared a proposed article on the toxicity of Sulfur, SOg, and SO^. The Subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollutants has taken the stand that the material in this proposed article fully represents their opinion. ACTION: It was regularly moved) seconded, and unanimously passed that the action of the liaison meaner with the Saake and Fumes Committee be approved. D. American standards Association Mr. Allan E. Dooley reported that there was no activity on the Z-4, Z-37, and Z-62 Committees to report. E. American Medical Association EB 006694 J. W. Osborn, M. D. reported on his liaison activity with the American Medical Association. His report is given in Appendix M. API 07335 ACTION: It was regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that the report be accepted. The question was asked if the API will be represented at a meeting which Dr. Connelly has indicated he would call In the future to discuss the AKA proposed bill. Dr. Osborn indicated that his subcommittee recommended that the API send a representative to such a meeting. He furthe'r indicated that his subcommittee believed that Dr. Osborn should be considered as the Medical Advisory Committee I -6- representative . ACTION: It vas regularly moved, seconded, and unanimously passed that Dr. Osborn represent the Medical Advisory Committee if they are called upon to discuss the~AMA proposed bill. p. Labeling M. N. Nevquist, M. D. reported that the API had published Bulletin 2511 on precautionary Labels in January 1958. It vas requested that copies of this Bulletin te sent to the Medical Advisory Committee and Technical Advisors. G. First Aid Training T. M. Frank,. M. D. reported on the activity in First Aid Training. He indicated that there vas considerable Interest- and activity in this field. The Manual on First Aid Training Is being revised. H. Wax Comalttee . R. E. Eokardt, M. D. reported, that a formal contract had been entered into toetveen the API and The Chicago Medical School for the determination of the toxicity of petroleum vexes. Dr. Philippe Shubik is the director of this project, MC-3 The contract, in the amount of $100,000 for the first year, became effective March 1, 195 It vas explained that a preliminary Investigation of three different kinds of vexes used in milk cartons, as produced hy the companies represented hy members of the Wax Committee, vas being made by Dr. Shubik and hie co-workers. . A meeting of the Wax Committee baa been called for April 2&th in Chicago. At this time, it is hoped that a formal investigational program can be developed and approved. I. Food Protection Comittee Dr. R. E. Eckardt reported that he had circulated a report to the committee on the activity of the Food Protection Committee. Nothing has occurred since the issuing of this report. VI. NEW BUSINESS Dr. Curtis reported that, through the courtesy of Dr. Reeve, his attention had been called to a report made by Dr. Charles P. Mathe, Urologist, St. Mary's Hospital, in San Francisco, to the effect that "workers in oil industries and those coming in contact with dyes show a high incident rate of bladder cancer." The chairman accepted the infoimatloa on behalf of the committee and agreed to take cognizance of this report with whatever action seemed appropriate to he developed after due consideration. VII. NEXT MEETING API 07336 In accordance vith the suggestion of the Operating Subcamnlttee, the Medical Advisory Coomlttee'e next meeting vill be on Monday morning, November 10th, in the Conrad Hilton Hotel in Chicago. The Subcaa&ittees are to meet on November 7th and 8th. The chairman stated that the request for subcoomiittee reports he submitted EB 006695 1) f* jo da/3 prior to the meeting of the Medical Advisory Committee was withdrawn because of the desirability of full committee discussion of its activities and the impracticability of subcommittee's additional meetings before the annual fall API meeting. * C. R. Miller, M. D. Secretary Reported by E. 0. Mattocks Approved: V C. Baird, M. 0., Chairman May 13* 1958 . EB 006696 API 07337 APF*ENDIX A HEALTH A Brief Review of API Medical Advisory Committee Activities i i j i ;&; Amficn Petroleum Institute 50 West 50Hi Street New York 20, N. Y. EB 006697 API 07338 The tart of this booklet is based upon on address presented November 14, 1955, during the 35th An nuel Meeting of the American Petroleum Institute, by George M. Saunders, M.D., Socony Mobil Oil Com pany, Inc.; then chairman of the API Medical Ad visory Committee. i ii l ' l could Furtfc oulta to cl Medic handl con8u EB 006698 API 07339 HEALTH It has long been recognized that one of a country's greatest assets-is a healthy popula tion. This is particularly true of our industrial employees. There was early recognition by some of the larger American companies of the importance of employee health and of the wis dom of taking practical steps to protect em ployees from possible harm in their working onvironment The value of preventive and con structive medicine has been amply proved and, since World War II, there has been an impres sive growth of occupational health services throughout the petroleum industry. The Growth of Petroleum Technology For a long time after the birth of the oil industry the processes involved were relatively simple. However, the tremendous evolution, expansion, and growth which have taken place during the past 20 years have converted a rela tively simple group of operations into a highly complex chemical operation, necessitating everincreasing attention to the health and safety of employees in the industry. Improper use of the many new petroleum products vital to our ever-improving way of life may also be associ ated with health and safety hazards for con sumers. The petroleum industry as a whole, through the American Petroleum Institute, has been alert to this progress and change, and to these hazards, and has given increasing atten tion to the problem of health. The Origin and Objective* of the Medical Advisory Committee Before 1944 medical and health problems in the petroleum industry were largely matters of concern to the individual companies. In fact, there were relatively few oil companies which 3 had full'' e medical directors. For the moat part, any medical or health activities or advice were supplied by part-time or consultant phy sicians. In 1944 it was recommended to the Institute's Department of Safety that an in vestigation be made of possibte health hazards associated with compounds made or used in re fineries. In October of that year the Central Committee on Accident Prevention voted to re-_ quest the appointment of a Medical Advisory Committee to formulate and to recommend studies of the health aspects of the petroleum in dustry. Early in 1945 the Institute's president, William R. Boyd, Jr., appointed 16 oil-company medical directors and physicians to serve as a Medical Advisory Committee, and on May 7 the first meeting was held. At that first meet ing of the Medical Advisory Committee it was pointed out that there was need for special and detailed knowledge concerning, among other things, the toxic properties of chlorinated hy drocarbons and the alleged cancer-producing properties of some petroleum fractions. The committee requested authorization to establish research projects in these fields and to prepare reviews of medical information concerning var ious substances made, used, or sold by oil com panies. ' To some oil men it may seem strange that physicians should discuss and work on their professional problems in an oil man's associa tion. It might be more to their advantage to take such problems to the American Medical Association or to the Industrial Medical Asso ciation. Of course, some medical problems of the oil industry are closely related to similar problems in other industries. . The oil industry, however, has potential health problems which are peculiar to it. The solution of these problems may require physi cians, industrial hygienists, and others with specialized knowledge of, and experience in, petroleum technology. The Past Ten Yean In the 10 years since the Medical Advisory Committee was first formed it has served well 4 :ee ** Board. Reiearch projects have been carriea .at at Harvard University, the Univer-* sity of Cincinnati, and the University of Texas. The results of these studies and progress re ports are given to all contributing companies upon request. The work at Harvard has re sulted in the publication of 65 API toxicological reviews, which are available for public pur chase at nominal prices. The research projects initiated by the Medical Advisory Committee have covered a wide variety of potential or ac tual problems of concern to the petroleum in dustry. These have included studies on the toxicology of fluorides, the experimental pro duction of skin cancer in mice by certain petro leum fractions, dermatitis, basic skin physiol ogy, the toxicity of C.-C,, aromatics, and others. In addition, work has been done on the or ganizational and administrative aspects of health services in the industry. The Medical Advisory Committee also provides representa tion on a sectional committee of the American Standards Association. If need should arise, it is prepared to function as advisor for the in dustry on the medical aspects of any problem arising from within or outside the industry. For example, it is represented on the API interdivisional Committee on Labeling, which was formed to consider problems of national significance in connection with precautionary labeling of petroleum products. Also, the At mospheric Pollutants Subcommittee of the Medical Advisory Committee has been working closely with the Smoke and Fumes Committee of the Division of Refining. Members of the Medical Advisory Committee are serving on other interdivisional committees concernedwith such subjects as labeling and dermatitis. Cancer Research One of the important medical research proj ects sponsored by the Institute, and the one upon which the major portion of funds has been spent, is that concerned with the possible can cer-producing properties of various products or 6 EB 006701 API 07342 .gcojpoumb used, produced, or sc Earlier , British experience with occupational skin can cer, particularly from shale oils, and the ap pearance of a few cases of skin cancer among petroleum workers in the United States, sug gested the possibility of an occupational cancer hazard in this country from some petroleum materials. Animal experiments which are being conducted at the University of Cincinnati under Institute sponsorship have for a major objective the development of an analytical tool to be used as an indicator in assessing the can cer-producing potential of petroleum hydro carbons. It has become evident from these studies and others that there are substances present in low concentration in most crude oils, the amounts varying in different crudes, which will produce skin cancers in mice when applied over pro longed periods of time. Furthermore, distilla tion may concentrate the substances in the high-boiling fractions, and cracking may cre ate additional carcinogens. However, experi ence in our refineries has proved that the risk may be so slight as to be almost negligible if it is recognized and if simple precautionary steps are taken. For example, it is known that if human skin is bathed in some types of oils day after day, dermatitis is very likely to occur, and it is alleged that if such application be con tinued for many years, skin cancer may de velop. However, simple measures of hygiene, such as careful washing of the skin with soap and water at the end of each work shift, will prevent dermatitis and the potential case of skin cancer. This is confirmed by the studies on mice which have demonstrated that simple washing with soap and water will minimize, or - \ prevent, the harmful effects from these experi} mental procedures. Furthermore, in man, if jj skin cancer does develop, it is one of the least serious forins of malignancy, and simple exci sion usually will result in complete cure. The Future The science and art concerned with the pre vention, the cure, or the alleviation of illness in 7 Mold Vurthe. ttltaai to clet such Medical handle ooasulti EB 006702 API 07343 industry .Toups is young, but it ia ^ . rapidly, une of the essentia] needs u , Wln* quste and expeditious channel of earn* ?** tion in each field of specialization Tm.1?1Ue*- industry, the API Medical Advisory p,, 0(1 tee, during the past 10 years, has servwi ^ clearinghouse for medical directors an? * technical advisors. The petroleum industry ** a whole, should be commended for the for* '14 looking, progressive, and courageous st?^' has taken in being alert for any potential? " ards and in doing something about them wh recognized. ft<n Although progress has been made in th identification and control of several haza dt specific to the petroleum industry, new ones I? constantly arising to present problems which require consideration: for example, radioactive materials, noise, and some petrochemicals. Th average age of employees covered by variou^ health benefits and disability and retirement plans is rising. The cost of sickness, handicap, and premature retirements will follow unless careful consideration is given to some provision for early detection of disease, health education rehabilitation, and placement of partially dis abled employees. The Medical Advisory Com mittee is prepared to give further advice on programs designed to meet these changing cir cumstances. Through the medium of its open sessions, it is prepared to discuss in nontechni cal terms problems of a medical nature con cerning the health of people in the petroleum industry. The Medical Advisory Committee hopes to open a channel of communication between the medical men and all others who are interested in any phase of occupational health. Those in terested should speak out and request assist ance and advice on any potential or suspected health problems they may have today or in the years to come. 8 T could ^JTtb vita Vo cl EB 006703 API 07344 APPENDIX ' functions, COMPOSITION, ORGANIZA. tion, and procedures of the medi. cal advisory committee (April 21, 1954) 1, Function of the Medical Advisory Com mittee a To advise the Institute on any existing and potential health problems of the petroleum industry represented by the American Pe troleum Institute. This advice will be on problems associated with production, trans portation, refining, or marketing of petro leum and its products. b. To provide a place for free exchange of pro fessional information of a medical nature between the medical representatives of pe troleum companies. 2. Composition of the Medical Advisory Com mittee a. Members--Physicians nominated by petro leum companies and appointed annually by the chairman of the Medical and Health Committee. These physicians may be em ployed by petroleum companies either full time, part time, or as consultants. b. Observers--If petroleum companies do not designate physicians to represent them on the Medical Advisory Committee, they may be represented at meetings by observers to report to them on the activities of the com mittee. Observers will have no vote in the Medical Advisory Committee. e. Technical Advisors--Any member may bring any technical advisors to the commit tee meetings that he believes he may need. Technical advisors will have no vote in the 9 EB 006704 API 07345 y^'il Advisory Committee, but they may be appoint to serve on subcommittees. ' 3. Officer*.of the Medical Advisory Committee The chairman, vice chairman, and secretary of the Medical Advisory Committee will be ap. pointed by the chairman of the Medical and Health Committee of the API Board of Direc tors, each for a term of one year. 4. Operating Committee The chairman of the Medical Advisory Com mittee, with the help of the vice chairman, will appoint an Operating Committee to assist in the affairs of the Medical Advisory Committee between meetings. 3. Subcommittee* . The chairman of the Medical Advisory Com mittee, with the help of the vice chairman and the Operating Committee, will appoint subcommittees to study and report on spe cial assignments. . These subcommittees will study, review, and make recommendations on problems; propose indicated research; recommend re search expenditures; and supervise re search efforts, all as directed by the chair man. c. At the suggestion of the Medical and He Committee of the Board or the chairman a subcommittee, the chairman of the cal Advisory Committee may appoint daily qualified individuals to provide meal advice to the subcommittee. 6. Procedure a. Assignment of Profsets--Problems wiD brought from any Division of the to the Medical Advisory Committee the Medical and Health Committee, terns will also come to the Medical Ad 10 - Committee directly from memix of the committee. . After deliberation of a problem by the ' members of the Medical Advisory Com mittee, this committee will make recommen dations to the Medical and Health Committee of the Board for the solution, or study, of the problem. Final recommendations from the Medical Advisory Committee to the Medical and Health Committee will be determined by a majority vote of the members of the Medical Advisory Committee; but any dis senting; minority (whether entitled to vote or not) should be requested to present their views to the Medical and Health Committee along with the majority report. Actual investigation of the problem will be undertaken by the Medical Advisory Com mittee only upon specific approval of the Medical and Health Committee. i. Reporting of Results--All subcommittee re ports will be considered by the Medical Ad visory Committee and adopted or rejected by that committee or returned to the sub committee for further work or considera- . tion. . If subcommittee reports are adopted by | the Medical Advisory Committee, the chair man of the Medical Advisory Committee will transmit such reports to the Medical and Health Committee. Such transmittal will in clude specific recommendations from the Medical Advisory Committee as to the use, dissemination, or other suggested action to be taken with respect to the particular re port After consideration of the report sug gested action, minority reports, if any, and any other pertinent factors, the Medical and Health Committee will decide what course of action to follow and the secretary of the Medical and Health Committee will be di rected to implement such decision. He will advise the chairman of the Medical Advisory Committee of the decision of the Medical and Health Committee. ' 11 006706 API 07347 7. Baow The budget of the Medical Advisory Commit tee, broken down according to subcommittee activities, will be'submitted by its chairman to' the Medical and Health Committee of the Board for approval at least 30 days before the fall meeting of the API Program and Budget Re view Committee. i i 006707 i API 07348 OPERATING SUBCOMMITTEE V. C. Baird, M. D., Chairman appendix b Minutes _____ MEDICAL ADVISOR! Ctatu'HTiSg''OPERATING SUBCOMMITTEE April 19, 195 ' ` Eaddon Ball Atlantic City, N. J. iphaae Pregent: . V. C. Baird, M. D., Chairman J. V. Osborn, M. D,, Vice Chairman C. R. Miller, M. D., Secretary L. B. Curtis, M. D., Past Chairman R. E. Eckardt, M. D. . B. 0. Mattocks ^ ' I, APPROVAL OF OPERATING SUBCOMCTTgE M1NUTSS ACTICH; The minutes of the November 11, 1957 Operating Subcommittee meeting were approved a* distributed. II. AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PROPOSED LABELING ACT President f. M. Porter received from Bernard B. Conley, Secretary of the American Medical Association Committee on Toxicology, a copy of. the proposed Uniform Hazardous Substance Act. This vas distributed to the Medical Advisory Cooalttee and the Interdivisional Committee on Labeling. Subsequently, the Manufacturing Chemists' Association, the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, the National Paint, Tarnish and Lacquer Association, and the Soap and Glycerin Association Indicated their intentions of getting together to discuss the implications of the proposed AMA bill. The API was invited to send representatives to this meeting. J. V. Osborn, K. D., W. H. Bareus, and fl.D. Bent attended the meeting on April 17, 1956- The details of the Inter-Association meeting were discussed in the meeting of the Subcommittee on Economic Poisons. A report of the AMA labeling activities, together with the reconatandations of the Subcommittee on Economic Poisons, will be aide to the Medical Advisory Comalttee for their consideration and possible action. HI. CQW8ULTABT8 API 07349 Currently the Medical Advisory Committee has one consultant vho is paid a yearly retainer. Tha desirability of using this plan, as compared to paying the coneultant for services rendered, was carefully reviewed. It was agreed generally that it would be more desirable if all consultants oould be paid on a per diem basis plus travel expenses rather than a yearly retainer, father, it vas thought desirable to permit the subcosmlttee to call upon the conmitents to render any service considered necessary, the chairman of the subcosmlttee to clear such action first with the chairman of the MAC. To facilitate the payment of required fees and expenses of consultants, the fcdlcal and Health Committee will be requested to set up a special budget item to ``todle such expenditures, nils will be in addition to any subcommittee's budgeted misultant costs, if a subcamnittee wishes to handle their expenditures separately. EB 006708 f >' . /. . -2- B-2 The chairman of the MAC is to.discuss the above recommended procedure vith the present consultant, vho Is on a yearly retainer, and determine if he is agree able to the new procedure and, if so,, when it could be initiated as far as be is concerned. IV. VISITORS TO MIDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETINGS The API Beard of Directors has approved a definite set of rules for member ship on and association with the MAC. A physician of an oil company may be appointed a member of the MAC. Two types of associated membership is provided, namely: Technical Advisors, who are recommended by the members of the.MAC, and Observers, vhc are suggested by oil companies who do not have physicians who can qualify as a member of the MAC- ' If a member of the MAC wishes to invite to an MAC meeting a visitor wtc :s directly associated with the member's company, he is free to do so. This would include employees of subsidiary or associated companies. If the MAC member wishes the Chairman of the MAC to issue such an invitation, such a request can be made but it is not necessary. On the other hand, if a member of the MAC wishes to invite to a meeting a visitor who is not a member of his company, and the visitor's company is not a member of the MAC, the request should be referred to the Chairman of the MAC for consideration and action. V. OUTSIDE MAILING LIST Technical Advisors, Observers, and Consultants axe sent material which is designated for general distribution. VI. CERTIFICATES OF APPRECIATION EB 006709 The MAC, at their November 13, 1957 meeting, formally requested that a committee be appointed to consider nominees to be recommended to the Medical and Health Committee to receive a Certificate of Appreciation. The Chairman requested the Operation Subcommittee to act as such a committee. After due consideration, a nominee was suggested and the API staff re quested to take the necessary steps to have the Medical and Health Conmittee approve such nomination. VII. NON-PETROLEUM COMPANY MEMBERSHIP ON MEDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ' Physicians of non-petroleum companies cannot be officially appointed mem bers of the MAC. It was agreed, hovever, that some physicians of non-petroleum companies, such as petro-chemical companies and some allied industries, could make a sizable contribution to the MAC. It was agreed that an Associate Membership should be established in the MAC. Such membership to be for non-petroleum company physicians. , VIII. WORK PROGRAM API 07350 Currently there is a requirement that subcommittee reports have to be sub rutted in writing 30 days prior to the November meeting of the MAC. This requirement ! is being adhered to by very few subcommittees. This and other operating items of I tbe MAC. need review and possible revision. XX. NOVEMBER MEETINGS At the November meeting of the API, it is necessary that the subcommittee meetings and the MAC meeting be held prior to the meeting of the Medical and Health Committee so that the report of MAC, together with any recommendations and budget requests, can be given consideration by the Board of Directors Committee and, if necessary, by the Board. Therefore, all MAC meetings should be held prior to Tuesday. It was agreed that the meetings of the subcommittees of the MAC should be held on Friday and Saturday prior to the November API meeting to allov subcommittee chairmen all day Sunday in which to prepare their group's written reports for presentation to the MAC on Monday. X. ENLARGEMENT OF OPERATING SUBCOMMITTEE The Chairman has requested that each subcommittee, including the Operating Subcommittee, review its scope and purpose. This is to be done prior to the November meeting. There appears to be a need to enlarge the membership of the Operating Subcommittee immediately. The Operating Subcommittee will now consist of the follow-. ing members of the Medical Advisory Committee. Chairman, Vice Chairman, Secretary, Past Chairman, all Chairmen of the MAC Subcommittees and the API Staff member. Tha enlarged Operating Subcsmmittee will be in effect the next time this group meets. It is planned to present to the MAC at their November meeting the written scope and purpose of the Operating Subcommittee. XI. EPIDEMIOLOGY The chairman appointed an ad hoc committee to study the need for a permanent Subcommittee on Epidemiology. The members of the group are: B. E. Bennison, M. D. and G. M. Saunders, M. D. They will make their report to the MAC. E. 0. Mattocks Approved: V. C. Baird, M. D., Chairman EB 006710 r PROGRAM SUBCOMMITTEE E. K. Linder, M. D., Chairman APPENDIX C SIT,WRY REPORT OF THE PROGRAM SUBCOMMITTEE FOR 1957-58 One of the activities of this committee has been to prepare a program for the annual meeting of the API. This has been an open meeting for the pur pose of acquainting management with the medical problems and activities of the API Medical Advisory Committee. Excellent speakers have been obtained but it is my opinion that these meetings have not been 30 well attended. Another duty of the committee is to prepare a discussional program for the API Medical Advisory group. In the past, these meetings have been on a bi-annual basis. Members have indicated that possibly this is too often as the Spring meeting is usually associated with the Industrial Medical Association meeting, which makes a very crowded program. This is a matter which the Medical Advisory Committee should decide. As a long-range program, the Medical Advisory Committee should review the value of the open meetings and determine whether to continue them on an annual basis. If it is thought that such meetings should be continued, more effort should be made to reach a greater number of people. Presented by B. B. Reeve, M. D. EB 006711 API 07352 appsepix d guBcowrrng or AQoemRic follwawb Of the Medical Advisory Committee to t> APT tamraa Bit meeting of the subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollutants ru held on Monday. April 21, 1958 In tut Esddon Sail Library, Atlantic City, Rev jersey, and vat called to order at 9:30 a.a. by the Chairman, John C. Ruddock, M.D. Member* present were: Richard V. Call, K. D. Mr. R. C. Cole Mr. I. K. Daniils C. S. Bine, M. D., Fb. D. C. R. Miller. M. D. Hr. T. 1. Reodel J. C. Ruddock, M. 0., Chalraan ' ' Members absent vere*. . L. B. Curtle, M. D. S. P. Luongo, M. D. Others present vere: . . C. Baird. M. D. - Chalraan, MAC J. V. Osborn, N. D. - Vice ChalnMa MAC T. B. Mitchell, H. D. - Member, MAC I. R. Eercaan - Buable Oil and Refining V. L. Avrett Standard Vacuum R. I. Beott - Shell Oil, London R. J. Sorenson - Shell Oil B. Tan Raalte - Shell Oil L. de Boer - Royal Dutch Shell, Amsterdam nnMj, EB 006712 The first order of business vae the reading of the minutes of the Subcommittee meeting held In Sea Francisco on January 26, 1956. A motion vas made and seconded that the aTnutee be'approved as're*d\ This'was " passed unanimously. In accordaace vlth the minutes of the previous meeting, the Chairman announced that an egreemant had been made with Dr. M. V. Ooldblatt of London for a period of one year, to carry on the research as outlined In prior meetings. The contract prepared for Dr. Ooldblatt by Nr. B. O. Mattocks vae reed to all present. A motion vas made and seconded that this contract be accepted by the Committee. The motion vms passed unanimously. The Chalraan read a letter from Dr. Goldblatt concerning his schedule vhlle in the United States. Be will arrive In Bee York on June 13, 1956, and meetings vlll be arranged for him at Berrmni University vlth Dr. Rill Drinker, at the Franklin Institute la Rtlladslphia vlth Mr. Scott, at the U. S. Public >V ,iJ. - 2- 0-2 Health gerrtcs In Washington vlth Dr. Plshsr. at tne V. B. Public Health Service <c Cincinnati vlth Or. Stern. c addition, vhllc la Cincinnati, Dr. Goldblatt vlll veet vlth Dr. Thalr end Dr. Horton at the Kettering Laboratory. Sc vlll meet rlth tbe Subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollution in San Pranclsco and Los Icgele# after Nfaicb be rill return to London Tin the Panama Canal. Details of these commltneats vlll be vorfced out later vlth the Chairman and Mr. Mattocks of the API Staff. . At the request of Dr. Baird it vas unan^amisly agreed that a progress report, on our Project MC-W be submitted to the Operating Subcasaslttee of the Medical Advisory Committee In October of 1956. end that a final report be filed oct later than September 15- 1959* It vaa moved, seconded, and passed that Dr. Goldblatt be put Os the sailing list for certain reports concerning air pollution sad given subscription to Asmrican magazines that deal vlth this subject in a medical nature. 'These were left to the discretion of tbe Chairman. A statement, vhloh bad been requested by the Smoke and Fumsa Technical Research Committee concerning the effects of air pollution on health vaa pre tented. It vaa tbs consensus of the comsdttee tbat this statement be rcvrittec tresslncr further points and that It be submitted for approval at a later date. It vaa moved, seconded, and pasted, tbat the report of Dr. Eckar&t prepared by tbe Medical Research Division of Esso on tbs toxicity of sulfur oxides be adopted as a report of this Caamlttee to the Smoke and Pumes Cosmdttee. The antter of distribution vaa discussed among the Committee and it vaa the opinion cf Dr. Eciardt that as long as this report mi not published there vaa no objection that It be distributed amongst the various members of the Smoke and Pumes Com! ttee sad their advisors. A Bill. H. R. 9366, concerning the regulation of gasoline consumption vaa distributed for the informatics, of tbe Committee. Zt vaa agreed that the next meeting of the Committee be held in Sen Praaelseo In the latter part of June or early July at the time of Dr. Ooldbiatt'a arrival there. The Subcommittee vlll be aivlaad later as to tbe exact date. There being no further business, the meeting vms adjourned. Respectfully subsetted JOSH C. RUDDOCK, M. D. Chairman EB 006713 API 07354 J'r SUPPUF BTi kstdm oh aid ms assocuirm mswenui D-3 H. R. 9368o.Vrn ('< >N UKK-SS "Tj / in thk iiorsK or itkfreskntatives Acocvr -ti. tW7 . Mr. Suii:m'k itiii'uUuml ihr fuM.nviiip hill: which was rrfcrri-tl ru th* Cotn- * iiuinw on Rful Kirt/rn Commerje A BILL prohiMii 1; e use in conni .cice of any inolur a hide which u* u .'I'mi'H' ! li\ti I'uimI'IkiI i> iii an aiin.u ut which Ls IiiiIIm! 1 M i\w r*ur^riu ti- nriul of the hihiie 11. ,ilt|i Service 111 11| ' ! >1.- Iu 1 itiitl:lf: llt'-M.ltll. il i mi'ii il Iff lln >'< wile anti ffllllSl ilj Hi firi-.ientn- 2 tii'i* '>[ lh< I iii'i i] Stithx >/ A inrrim in ('niii/mvi ii.wruliletf U Tliti (:i) iliv Surgeon tlcneinl of tin' Public Health Service. 4 {hcreaftrr in ihi Act referred to rs the "Surgeon General"), 5 shall, after conducting, such research ns lie may deem to be . 6 necessary hut not later than six months after the date of 7 emiKment of this Act, prescribe and publish iu the Federal 8 Register, standards aa to the amount of unburued hydro* 9 carbons which is safe, from the standpoint of human health X EB 006714 API 07355 it i D-4 1 (with particular reference to the carcinogenic nature of H unbumod Jivdwarbons), for a motor vehicle to discharge 3 into the atmosphere. 4 (b) Standard* prescribed pursuant to subsection (a) 5 of tins section may lx? revised from time to time by the t> Surgeon General. Such revised standards shall be published 7 in the Federal Register. 8 Sbc. 2. (a) No person shall use any motor vehicle y in commerce which discharges anbumed bydrooarboas in i 10 amounts in excess oljthe standards prescribed by the Bur- 11 goon General pursuant to the first section of this Act. 12 (b) Whoever 4olat this section? shall be fined not f 13 m> *re than $500, nr imprisoned not mow than 1 year, or II Im.i!i. .. l.'i Siu\ ;5. As iim-'I in this Ail-- . ll> (1) The term Viiiniuer<v" iiii,;ii:> miuincm' ;iiimit>*' IT the M'Ycrnl .Stales, with foreign Millions, in miy Territory, or 1* in ilit* Dislriei of ('oloiiibi;i, nr betwei n miv Territory and a H* foreign nation, or between the IMstrwi of Columbia and any 20 State; 21 (2) The terra "Territory" includes the Territories and 22 possessions of the United States and the Commonwealth of 23 Puerto $ioo; and ; .. fa......... <3) ^ *nn >ot<* vjtf^ 1 EB 006715 API 07356 r. I. 1 i-elicd by mechanical power nnu used for transporting passcn- I 2 "r frcijcLt w licibor on x tlxed track or on a highway. 3 Set. 4. 2 (a) Of this Act shall take effect 1 i | 4 year aft*r the date, on which standards are first prescribed j' 5 and published in the Federal Register pursuant to subsection | 6 (a) of the first section of this Act und thereafter any stand- 7 anis which are revised pursuant to subsection (b) of the 8 first section of this Act shall take effect 1 year after the date 9 on which they arc published in the Federal Register. EB 006716 API 07357 Studies of Air Pollution Control By Southern California Edison Company* A. J. JIAACKNS.VUr California Institute uf Technology Pasadena, California In recent year* the Uiif/tra.-wfil dia wn inadr that the air over our Jrrvei)' populated arras i* not as un`j.uitr-H aa some of us had thought, labile at one. tirur all waste products flV,id safely he disposed of by diaPrvsl in the rivers or in the sir, this \) no longer true, nnd stringent egu'itinns have heen made after several fcrious accidents had occurred. 1 In* 1< known are those uf London. Doni>rs, and Posa Rico, Mexico. N< uvh accidents have been reported farm rmog plagued Lo# Angeles, and extensive studies by epidemiologists have not been able to produce evi dence that permanent damage lo the health occur* in this area. Neverthe less. the frequent visitation by the eve-irritating smog cloud has re sulted in the adoption of a number of relief measures, some based on exten sive research and others, on experi ence gained in other areas. Research has shown that the major cause of Loe Angeles smog difficul; ties lies in the release of large quanlilies of organic material, mostly from automobiles'*'. 'These com pounds are photechemicallv oxidised in the air by simultaneously emitted j tides of nitrogen, and these reac tion* five rise to eye-irritating and punt-damaging substances. An in teresting aide reaction during this oxi dation produces relatively high cont.er.irationa of oxime which attacks rubh'i tiirs and is largely rcaponaible i-.r 'V so-called oxidant effect of Loa Angeles smug, currently used as an objective measurement of smog se verity ,J> <*'. The oxidant, being the resitii of a photochemical phenome- t "n, rises in the daytime sod is low >n the evening and during the night. I.iese finding* have resulted in ex tensive recovery measures in (he oil industry, and in research on better combustion in the. automobile. A tl ihe SOtb Annual Mc<iin* at < Air Polluiiuu t-ontral Associstion held tt t*n;i, Mo.. Juim 2-6, 195?. practical solution of this problem, and also the control of oxides of nitrogen, is still far away. Based on experience gained in oth er areas, a great deal of stress has been laid on the control of directly visible pollution, dust and fiime-uroducing sources. As a result, oustfall has been reduced to half its for mer value; open dumps, foundries, steel mills and miany sources of readily detectable, objectionable fumes have been corrected. Careful investigations were made uf industrial and municipal fuel burning installations which were known lo contribute considerably to air pollution iu other areas. The problem in Los Angeles Is, however, completely different. and a compari son with Eastern cities and their ap proach to dean air it rather useless, (nr no coal is burned in this area at alt. Nearly all the power generated in this are* is derived from petroleum products -- fuel oil, gas ana gasoline. The power plant engineer is an ex pert in obtaining the maximum effi ciency from his Tuel. Routine indus trial Oraat analytes are' not able to detect any carbon monoxide; infra red apectrofotometric methods re vealed the presence of only a few TAIU I Analysis vl Stack Css* Cm Velocity, F./Sev. Ci, TcBipcrsiurs, Deg. i\ Insoluble Solids, Cr.'SCE lb./Hr. ^olulde -Solid*, L#./&<IK lb /Hr. Water, `V >u!lnr TrioiiJr, SOw |>|>ia. .Sulfur Oiwtide, oil* iiyin. (Hide* of Nitrufetv NO* ppm. OH SAT ANALYSIS CO,,* 0,, % CO. * - N,.* 22 688 0.065 0JU 0.119 1.13 9.4 21J 946 70 J4A 3.0 0.0 82.1 Uivf4lt4 f<* N 9, ApU its \r*. p. 1. ppm. of carbon mcnoxhle. The con centration of hydrocarbons. #i Jchydes and organic ccids do net ex ceed, as a rule 20 ppin. Vr. reiy therefore, conclude that the combu*tion it. for all practical purposes. 100% complete. A constant check on this is part of the regular routine in the station. Moreover, suioke density is continuously measured in the stack, and this .information is re corded in the control room. Also, the correct burning of the fuel la checked by means of a television set looking into the furnace. Under these ideal conditions, it would be expected that the stack gas would be wholly com posed of carbon dioxide and water, the unused oxygen, and all the nitro gen and other normal componenta of air. Unfortunately, this view is rath er optimistic, for we are not dealing with pure hydrocarbons io fuel, but with a product which contains, be cause of its origin, organic sulfur and nitrogen compounds. The inor ganic materials, also present in the oil, give rise to a dust consisting, for the most part, of oxides of iron, nickel and vanadium. During the combustion, organically bound sulfur is oxidised completely lo oxides of sulfur, mostly sulfur di oxide, with a small amount of the trluxide. Depending on the nature of the nitrogen compounds, small amounts of oxides of nitrogen may be formed in addition to those produced in the fixation of atmospheric nitro gen at the high temperatures reached in the flame. A typical analysis of slack gas from a fuel-oil burning plant (Southern California Edison Company. El Seguado Stasm Station) is shown ic. Table 1. The Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District has made estimates of the total quan tities of all the viriaus pollutants from the various sources in the Los Angeles Basin. These estimates are a milter of public record. Table 1! lists the relative contribution of dif- o( A PcA API 07358 EB 006717 251 Vol. 7, *. t d-; . >TAtE II inhabitant. used to panoramic view I M_ 0** iM r_a 1 rt.ia^aa* F4Mat (Tm/0,) frwiHaU la *ka AlaMthara la Im A*W, Cauaty Ifam Camteatliaa Ptaaaiaaf Oriiiw, vi j Uhi.-in cl ,Silrvtu j Sulfu/ <*. so(t ; 20 to 1.000 IOC 1.000 I.OuO 100 | 100 700 : 300 400 i 40 20 ! 20 700 i 300 too ; 400 .Vra**l* Oiut 10 30 30 10U 200 200 dneens of miles. Johnstone', argu ments ate not to convincing. Recent investigation* have directed the attention to the strong photo chemical oxidising effects of the ox ides / uitrogun, end it has been shown that, ia (he photochemical oxi dation of organic material under the influence of these azide*, aerosols are formed which are believed to he mainly responsible for the danse ham which accompanies the eye-irritating , j^fnl `ue** ^ e,n>M`,>,v,, from ! (ombw**0 * alone j fhf estimate* i" Table Ii h*v ^ rounded off, because it i* rare eken 8rc*ur tteevttey than 20 to ii obtained, thi* telatively lr(* uncertainty is not a reflection on iM quality of tl>e work, but is In dent to thi* type of analysis. Eepe- citJly la die ***e oi computation* o( rtmwioat c( million* of automobile* md incinerators in all their variety, hrir different stage* of ifiaintngra|j,,u, ud manner ol operation, it ia practically impomible to obtain a t,tt,factory average. Then we intro duce then, in addition, different i weather conditions, aampling and | analytical difficult***, to mention i 0tij a few mors variable*, it ia clear 1 that a figure aucb a* the eraiaaian from gasoline combustion, indicated H 400 tons of NO* and 1200 Iona of rgak*/d*y, rauet be accepted with considerable reservation. The hydro carbon figure i* probably reasonably recurate. There are difference* of aa maintenance, and it ia therefore necessary to discus* find the question why emiasion* of power plant stacks should be controlled. In attempting to answer thi* question, it ia well to distinguish here between, local and widespread effect*. While there ia no debate about the perwarty of controlling such nuisance effects, there la considerable differ ence of opinion on the need for con trol when no physiological effects are noticed on plants or animals. This is the cate in the Loa Angeles area, where complete lack ol plant damage show* that the SO, content ia lam than 0.2 or 0.3 ppm.. Chemical meth ods tend to confirm these low value*, although it should he realised that moat SO, measurements made in the lot Angeles arse ar* baaed on con ductivity measurements which are easily interfered with by other elec trolytes occurring in this ere*. The uncertainty of the analytical result* ia ever greater in the determination of sulfur trioxide, or rather, sulfuric cloud. It is suspected that sulfur dioxide is also subject to an accelerated oxida tion. Akcough thi* acceleration could not be established for the reaction in ga* phase, there ia a distinct possibili ty that mors rapid oxidation may take place in liquid phase reaction, in fog droplets, or in a combustion of gaa phase and liquid phase reactions at nigh humidity, whereby tbe presence of metal oxide* may exercise s cata lytic effect. In spceuleliona of this kind, wa should aiao take into account that tbs concentrations of SO, and NO, tbs exit of tbe stack are sevi eral thoseand times higher then at ome distance away. Soma conver sion dona take place at those higher concentration*, fact which > fa miliar to any one who has made at tempts to determine accurately the concentration of SO, end SO, ia ex haust gases. It ia well, known that the appear ance of the plume varies greatly with atmospheric conditions, especially opinion on the auintity of oxide*, of acid. There is no indication that with high humidity and low tempera . nitrogen released, by the eutoraobile, there is any free sulfuric acid in the ture. Plume formation due to the uid tome maintain that the emiaaion (am Angeles atmosphere, and any sul presence of SO, 1* noticeable at con it nearly 800 lona/dey. In the table, fate found wee in bouod form, either centrations of SO, above 20 ppm. The tS* lower figure he* been chosen, as calcium sulfate or ammonium sul concentration of SO, measured in the which ia already considerably higher fate, both harmless substances. flu* gae of the Q Segundo Station un than might he expected (rum. the burning of 12,000 tone of gasoline/ day. Large scale testing of automobiles in lb* Loa Angela* River bed tin* ;ust been completed, and more defi- e figure* wilt be available in the '< future. It is not expected that t!i< refinement in lb analysis will cvik a revision in the policy of air f"ilution control, baaed oo obtaining " : maximum efficiency in combo*. ' ii of all kind* -- gaa, oil, gasoline iffuse. It dee*, however, einpha`"c the importance of the control of ".de of nitrogen in power source* The investigation* of Johnstone der ordinary conditions represents a end CerbardM> have shown that the borderline case. At tunes of high be- oaidotion of SO-.- to SO, is quite slow, acidity, or low temperature, tbe plume and in Inboratury experiments it was is more'pronounced than on dry and abawn that during a 24-hr. period, hot days, and on those hot, dry days only of the SO, is converted to the visible plume is probably caused, sulfuric acid. The author* come to for the most part, by inorganic, dust. the conclusion that the gas phase oxi These considerations are, of course, dation of sulfur dioxide of naturally of intereet to soy one who insullr dluted atmospheres ia natural aun- corrective equipment If the plume _ t would not be significant in ef is caused by a conversion of SO, into fectively reducing the visibility, since SO,, the removal of ihe sulfur triox it would requite approximately 100 ide ia indicated. On the other bend, hr. of noun sunlight to reduce the if duet ia the major cauae, electro visibility to one mile. Fur those liv static precipitation would be the ing in other parts of tbe United method of choice. At present, the m than automobile*. States, this statement may do away opinions are divided on this subject, ^bere method* of control are nailable, their application will be with any suspicion that SO, ha* any thing to do with a decrease in visi and while Uua question remains un decided. both controls will have to be 'lu:'f erpentivc in initial coat a* well bility. For the average Los Angeles considered. >t*UAHY API 07359 252 EB 006718 JOURNAL J , study the renim-j| of da*, ^d ,4i!nf tridxid.r, a Teetem Precipita,. ,n pilot installation has been in op. ^.fjiinn *1 the Redondo Steam Sta- more recently, t more tehnrd unit of the same type was built (l th El Segundo Station of the Edi- Company to obtain data on the f(jjL-iency yf collections at higher flow rites. An ABBA precipitation unit, operating al a temperature r.f 7tXrF., ii b-'ing tested at el Segundu. 3:odina on the control of the euuV lien* of oxides of xulfui and nitrogen hi the electrostatic precipitator units ho** that dust and aerosol particles ,n collected. and eases such tl tbe oxide* of sulfur ar.d ar.roge" are not rrmoved. There i* some removil of lalfor trioxide. or sulfuric acid, and in concentration i reduced to 10-211 ppm, or about half of it* original vilue. flarrc 1* reaaon !> believe that, aft*-' installation of full scale unit* <>f this type, the plume sill have largely disappeared. It is not expected that the removal ,.f dual and sulfur trioxide* from power plant emissions will have a no. tiretble effect on the smog conditions in general in the Lot Angeles basin. Attempts are therefore made to com bine the installation of dual removal equipment with means of reducing the sulfur oxides, and especially, the ..tides of nitrogen which are known io be *s*ttal components in amog formation. Control of Emission of Oxidot of Suffer Prncsaaea have been developed in the past which reduce sulfur oxide* incurring in stack gaaea at concen trations of several thousand ppm. to theut one thousand ppm. In the burning of oil with low sulfur con tra:. sulfur dioxide concentration in the stack gaa ia alreadv down lu the thousand ppm. level, ur lower. There is. at present, no aal isfortciry pruceaa `huh could handle economically the href quantity o| gaa of the order of .Saif a million rfm. and reduce the sulfur dioxide concentration appre ciably. The same i* true for the re. 'oval of oxide* of nitrogen. P>.re am* are known for the. control of it. uM gates i:i nitric acid plants, but bet* again, the concept ration* are nxny time* higher than we find in gaaea of l.oa Angeles power ?Uult. There are Several approaches lo ih*. problem of reducing ihe sulfur 'l uxi.lt content of alack effluents: ill l.se #f gaa, or fuel wim lower sulfur content. <2) Scrubbing of exhaust eater with (<il liquids, and (b/ sol ids. f31 Adsorption processes (ii Chemical conversions. and cuupling with processes 2 or 3. The Edison lioiiipany uses the maximum quantity of gas available,' but the use of gas is unfortunately limited through its supply, and unlc** heroic measures are taken to increase importation of additional supplies, this shortage will Ire even more severe in coming years when rnorr power is needed. The removal 61 sulfur from fur.) is expensive, and would run into an increase in the fuel bill of several million dnllxra/year. The sulfur ia present in complex ring systems and cannot he removed simply by wash ing with aikaii. The oil industry has been trying fur years to break the heavy fuel uil t.i more valuable volatile product*, but has not yet succeeded in doing this in an economically feasible man ner. It is conceivable that a hydro genation and special kinds of crack ing processes could furnish more volatile fuel from which the sulfur has been removed os hydrogen sul fide. Any one of these processes will increase the cost of power consider ably. .Scrubbing method* have been ap plied on large power plants in Eng land along the Thame* River. In the Battersea effluent process. SO? is re moved by scrubbing with very large quantities of slightly alkaline river water, in the Howden I.C.f. nnneffluenl prnceaa the gas is scrubbed with a water slurry of lime .r chalk. The rraultant calcium sulfate, ia re moved by sedimentation and filtra tion. and is discarded. One of the objections to any scrubbing process ia the cooling ol the gaae*. Even though the gases are discharged from UK stacks they fall to the ground from time to time near the power station. This result* in a nuisance, according In reports (rum England, where 2 stations are equipped with acrubbing device*. In order to pre vent local complaint*, it is necessary to rr-move almost completely both the obnoxious gases, SO. ss well at NO-,, 'or reheat the flue gases before they leave the stock. Other scrubbing processes use.am monia iu ainuiunium sulfite with the intention of producing some usable product in the form of ammonium sulfate or sulfur dioxide or sulfuric I acid. Aqueous amniuma vi-.it. are being used by the <j!:n Mathc. Chemical Corporation for the rr movai of sulfur dioxide, and it ia claimed that one at age scrubbing w>il reduce the concentration of SO? in flue gas to 800 ppm.; a second scrub bing bring* the concentration down to 301) ppm. In the Fulham-Slmon-Carvea Am monia Process, gaaea are scrubbed with a concentrated solution of am monium salts (gaa Liquor), ammonia being added at a rate corresponding to that of the absorption of oxide* of sulfur. Oxidation of sulfur dioxide to the irioxide was encouraged through the addition of iron hydrox ide and sir. Even with low incom ing gas concentrations of 500 ppm., reduction in concentration to 30 ppm. was accomplished. - . Wet scrubbing with organic sol vents, such as lyUdine has been con sidered and is similar to the Cerhitol process whereby HS ia removed from refinery wastes with dietbennlaraine and aimilar basic solvents. In principle, the method can be applied to the removal of SO?. The low con centration of the SO? and losses in solvents through the large volume of inert gaa to be treated are nut en couraging. In general, the wet scrubbing proc esses do not scent too promising aft er the experience in Loudon. The oust seems rather prohibitive when operating with low SO% concentra tions. A coat estimate has been made by the U. S. Bureau of Mine*!*' for the coal industry, end the table on the following page givee the estimated coals uf 3 different processes, baaed on an assumed capacity of 20 million SCF/Hr,, equivslimt to 475,000 ton# of coal/yemr. Annual operating costa are estimated for caaes with and with out the formation of saleable by products. Dry scrubbing is generally not re garded as economical because of poot penetration of the gases into the chemical agent ur adsorbent. On the other hand, a selective removal of SO] and NO* by a solid ha* the ad vantage that cooling of the gates aa in a wet scrubber may he prevented. The combination with alkaline chemi cals is probably limited to the uee of lime. In this respect, a canibiuatinn of the watte products of cement plants and power plants deserves con sideration. when the location of the plants ia favorable arid means nf dis posing of the combined waste prod ucts are available. This solution is, VI *PCA API 07360 2S3 EB 006719 Yol. 7, .No. t D-') tounania e,jt*ai Sulfilt ' Jytli! l.'iMt I.UI.IrU 7.6M.5.V .\uitu.ii Uiwr.|t.t-<r C-*>l i fh.itar-' Ton 91' t'oah No < .Vtdit IJ3 i.'.U I.W 11.21 l.tO 1.79 from the gas stream. Reduction Vi hydrogen sulfide and sulfur, as w-,.as oxidation to anifuric and hav< been carried out. Beesuse of the low concentration of sulfur dioxide in tlu* gas, coupled with the presence of excess air, reduction methods aesm not vary promising. Oxidation to of courts, only feasible in a few velectrd anris and other means have to be found which are more iteheraiK applicable. A modification of the dry scrub moves forward to the end of the col umn. Both ovide* are concentrated in this process and existing methods of recovery could be applied without difficulty. sulfuric acid, on the other hand, is carried out ia the wet scrubbing Fulham-Simon-Carves process, hut can also bo accomplished by catalytic action of vanadium pentoxide. bing method conaiats in the introduc A process of ibis type is no doubt tion of potential alkaline reagents, expensive. One of the beat grades of Tho Control of Oxides of NHrogon such aa chalk, dolomite or lime in the charcoal adsorbs/gr. of charcoal, all In general, the oxides of nitrog** |uel bed at different locations. Some sulfur dioxide from 2 ft.1 of flue gas, are more difficult to remove than the experiments along thtae tinea are be which mean* that at a rate of half a SO]. Scrubbing with alkaline re ing conducted at the Southern Cali million ft.`/min. of flue gas, one agent removes only a part of the ox fornia Ediaon Company El Segundo needs every, minole 2>^ tons of char ides of nitrogen, even though strong Station, mainly (or the purpose of coal. The possibility exist* of ac bases are used. The major portion reducing (he amount of sulfur triox complishing the adsorption in a flow of the oxides of nitrogen originate ide. The** methods are not expected 10 redone materially the SO] or NO, concentration. One disadvantage of the method ia the addition of aeveral ing bed, aa ia being done for the separation of hydrocarbon* by the petroleum industry. The condition* for aulfur dioxide adsorption are in the fixation of atmospheric nitro gen at (he high temperatures of com bustion. The rapid cooling of the gsses is an important factor in the lona of duat, which adds to the re quired aiae of the precipitaton. A passible advantage may be that the tack gate* are somewhat leas corro sive. . Several of the experimentally letted method* of. SOj control have been described in Mellette's Problems end Ciniroi of Air Pollution. <*' Adsorption Methods more favorable than for hydrocar bons because of the large quantities of SO* adsorbed. Some of the char coal* used adsorb as high as 30^ of their weight of sulfur dioxide at room temperature and 10% at 150*F., not withstanding the high water and CO] concentrations. An additional ad vantage is the complete absence in Hue gsses of gums which have given trouble in the technical application relatively high nitrogen oxide con tent of the stack effluent, since rapid couling prevents o shift of the equi librium to the lower NO concentra tions normally found at lower tem peratures. ft follows that a change in cooling rate or combustion tem perature through changes in burner design or in the furnaocs themselves might effect considerable (eduction in the nitrogen oxides formed. Adsorption on nonreactive media such aa charcoal, ailica and exchange rtsina opens the possibility of regen erating the adsorbed gases in mere coecentrated form by a simple proc ess sock aa heating, treatment wKh steam or elution with aqueuu* am of adsorption methods. Chemical Conversions Many attempts have been made to convert sulfur dioxide ieto fnrtna which would l>e easier to remove There is alto the possibility of de composing the NO into nitrogen and oxygen, or of oxidising R to the nitric acid stage. Both might be accom plished catalylically. After the oxi dation, the strong add character of nitric acid would make removal by monia solutioos. Bench experiments at the Southern California Edison TAIL! lit Company FJ Segundo Station have Adiarplian d lalbi OiaaiU* as Ctannl 'hewn that activated charcoal adsorbs -nnvidcrable quantities of sulfur as well as nitrogen oxide*, even at tern-. ventures of 1$0*F. The quantities advirlird on different binds of charro*l srt lirtud in Table 111.- Recovery <.turvu*I# A AUw/rptiuo Tcsiptniiuc CK.) 77 ........ J0................ Flow. Ku Fi. '/win. 0.1 0.1 M*s. SO.; j. Charcoal isa IV - accnmpliahed by heating to 500'00*F.. whereby the SO* is removed ' com minted form. Alter the ad 0 77 ISO *________ ..... 0.1 28S 0 1 U7 J_______ _________ 29_______ sorption and drwription the charcnsl rxu be used again. This quali- <: 300 0.1 0.1 Si 30 tv. very important for a successful V 77 0.1 244 t'-chnicsl application. is being invea- ISO 0.1 2 iigaled. 20 0.1 62 It has been observed that the ox:ur* of r.ittogen are ailsorlied ahead t V1- 0.1 ,41. ,, . 'l the sulfur dioxidr and that they F 0.1 251 *( rradually dmorbrd when the well C 77 1 0.1 275 'cnned 50-.. adsorption boundary I *r wJr I'tteia iwf I Aw J(|r;ar -hawmla liiW, fFbHt.tltY API 07361 2>4 EB 006720 JOURNAL , ol-hing wiiii <k.in*.- rrerent r. '"ibihiy, although the sxme ibjertimi ' ,, be raised against wet virubhing , in the case >f SO-,. Chemicnl l. inJin^ i*h lime i* alao a possibility. |.ul ''* b* ^P*0^*"* ;,n the presence [ cement factories. Wiiiie work j^ng these iines ia going on, attemptii l(t being made to eliminate the re(iMii"P "Xr)e of nitruccn by chrmi- | n:e-m- The most attractive prinp., would <*011 >i-it in the rin --tiipoii- lniii t nitrogen and mtsep. and catahtit scents are Iteinp --ughl ,,|iii-h will accomplish this. Another approach is based on oiiJuiWfC the oxides In nitric acid, which il,rr rould be removed by sciubbing jirofes-ses- The simultaneous prevr!He of sulfur dioxide suggests the l*,#.<ibilily nf mine reactions similar ii, those in the lead chamber process |,,r making vulfuric acid. There arc m-.liri'iuus that cilaiytir (gents can be used to convert both sulfur and ni treiren oxide* to the higher oxides . when excess air it present It is clear from (he foregoing that m. matter which process will ultiinstfly be developed, the cost will be high- The return on valuable by. pro-im t' * >it i-r -iiuil. an-! e\eo -lo'.lbtfui when all fuel humeri begin lo recover sulfur and nitrogen oxides. There is also no doubt that there will be a demand for ever-increasing corn. (Metiers nl the control, simr the end of the population increase U no where in sight. Sucli situations demand extraordi nary method--. and one (if these i* the. derision of ill power generating agencies to work together to exchange information on anything that may lead to a solution to the problem of slack fa* control. This decision is comparable lu one taken several years ago in Pittsburgh when a council was formed by a group of people who had only One goal in mind -- to clean up Pittsburgh. Forgetting private inter ests, these representative* of different industries prepared and carried nut a campaign in air pollution control, which- resulted in a marked improve ment in the Pittsburgh atmosphere. In I.nt Angeles, the Joint Research Council un Power Plant Air Pollution Control has been operating quietly since March of 19S6. Its members include representatives from all the power companies in this area, to gether wiih iieirgatea from the Lo> Anuclc* C.-uiitv Air Pollution Con trol lii.-triit These men meet regu larly to exchange information on the research program now under way, and this in itself, is a big step in the right direction. Reference* 1. A. J. Hsacn-hiail, Gwaiurr tmi Ptysiealuxy ot I-o, Angi-M Smog. Induunat and Etfinrrring Chtnutirf. 44, fit. 6, PM- IU2 I3M. i 1952). !. A. J. Htisea-Sniii siuJ M. M. Fos, Oaaoe Formation in ihs Photochemical Oiidalion of Oraiair Suiulsuces. InJuurial and Engineering Cktmitirr. 48, No. 9, P(i. iWW-1487. (1956). 3. A. 1. Ilu(c> $mit and M. M. Kou Photochemical Ouae Formation with Hydrocarbon* tod Automohiic Exhtuii, Mir Rtgair, 4, No. J. pp. !0M08. < 19S4>. 4. E. H. Cerhsrd and H F. *uhiu:one, Photochemical OiiJiluni or xuJIur Uioside in Air. Industrial and En<i*rtr ing Ckrmui/7, 47, No. S, pp. 977 976. I19S4). 5. From to unpublished report of the Uuresa ot Millet it the Pablic Hrtlth Service, ' 6. F. S. Mtlletla, Hrsblwa tnd Coat ci ot Air Potlniion. Reinbsld FubiiUun* tiorpeeaiion, New York. N. Y, !st Edition. t!9SS). f APCA EB 006721 API 07362 tl'iS Vnl. 7. V.. 4 ?Z?CF~ OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON Cg - Ci2 AHCMATICS Kieffer Davis, M. D., Chairman . The interim meeting of the API MAC Subcommittee.on Cg - C,2 Aromatics convened, at 9:00 A. M.( April 21, 1958j in the Haddon Hall Hotel, Atlantic City. ;Q1 but one subcommittee members vere present. Also present vere a number of visitors. . The chief investigator, Dr. Carl Nau, reviewed in detail the interim report which covered also the high lights of all of the subcommittee's activities from the inception of this program to the last annual meeting, November, 1957* Significant findings to date are: . 1. Painting the skin of C^H brown male mice with Cj-C^q leads to: . a. Amyloidosis in liver and spleen. . b. Sclerosis and cortical scarring in kidney . in greater frequency than in mice painted with or with n-decane. changes are rarely observed in our "control" mice. These There is also observed: c. An increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells. 2. Painting with C^- C12 leads to: a. An Increase in the number of white blood cells b. An increase in the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells. 3. Inhalation studies using mice reveal: a. An LD-50 indicating three times as toxic as C9-C1Q and C9-C10 to be. four and one-half times as toxic as benzene. b. That benzene is rapidly eliminated or detoxified and that C^-C^q aQd ('ll'c12 are cumulative in effect-or detoxified slowly. 4. Inhalation studies using rabbits indicate that: a. With adequate exposure (time and concentration) to benzene (3.2 mgm/llter) there is a fall in the white blood cell count and a rise in the percent of "polys." b. With exposure to C^-C^q (3.2 mgm/llter) there is an increase in the white blood cell count. c. With exposure to (3*2 mgm/llter) there appears to be a fall in the white blood cell count and a rise In the percent of "polys." d. With exposure to n-decane (3.2 mgm/llter) there are no blood changes. 5. Inhalation studies using rats indicate that: a. Blood benzene values can be determined in rats exposed to benzene these values decrease very rapidly after exposure is ended. b. Blood Cq-C^q values are strongly suggested. c. With 3*2 mgm/llter of benzene and l8 hours daily exposure, the low point of the white blood cell count occurs on the eighth day. This Is followed by a rise with a secondary fall. The DNA is elevated when the white blood cell count Is lowest. There is a shift in the lymphocyte versus polymorphonuclear percent on the eighth day. Exposed rats when killed show a hemorrhagic kidney and omental tissue and a congested liver. d. With 3*2 mgm/liter Cq-cio the rats show hemorrhage around nose, white blood cell count falls rapidly (reaching "low point" on first day EB 006722 API 07363 *f . -2- E-2 following exposure), there ia a fall in the percent of lymphocytes and a rise in the percent of "polys/1 the ERA rises and the platelet count falls. With continued exposure, these values all return to their original figures - or even beyond. . e. Rats exposed to 3.2 rcgm/llter benzene for 18 hours per day shov no fall in body weight. Those exposed to 3*2 aigm/liter Cg-C^Q for l8 hours per day show an early fall in body weight followed by a rise to normal (or higher). done. Although parts of the program are near completion, ouch is left to be . 1. Additional work is necessary using *nd n-decane. . 2. It was suggested that test animals be exposed to varying concentrations and for varying periods of tlae to the materials being tested and then set aside for observation of any latent manifestations that nay develop. 3. Addition of larger species of animals (monkeys) to the testing program. 1. Human tests to determine concentration of materials necessary to cause irritation and other signs and symptoms (eye, throat, hose, skin). It is Dr. Rau's opinion that this can be accomplished this susa&er. There was an unanimous expression that Dr. Nau is doing a genuine and creditable service for this subcommittee. In view of the findings to date and because some time is needed yet to complete the program as planned, it is the recommendation of this subcommittee that funds in the amount of $20,000 be made available for continuation of this work during the next fiscal year. EB 006723 ApI 07364 I$ ; APPENDIX F REPORT OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CARCINOGENICITY R. E. Eckardt, M. 0., Chairman The Subcommittee met la the Card Room of the B&ddon Hall Hotel in Atlantic City on April 20/1958 with numerous guests present. It received an Interim report from Dr. A. W. Horton which Is hereby trans mitted to the Medical Advisory Cosaaittee. It received the final report of Dr. Phair's epidemiology studies. It transmits this report to the Medical Advisory Committee with commendation to Dr. Phair for a clear and lucid report which It feels is of value to the API MAC. The Sub- . committee believes that a Subcommittee on Epidemiology should be created by the Medical Advisory Committee and that Dr. Phair's report be care fully reviewed by this new subcommittee as its first project. The Subcommittee anticipates a final report from Dr. Horton by July 1, 1939, and anticipates no budgetary needs after that date. I j i j i I EB 006724 ) API 07365 A?? INI IX 0 REPORT OF SUBCOMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC POISONS J. W. Osborn, M. D., Chairman ^ting Held Saturday, April 19th - Library - Haddon Hall - Atlantic City - 2-6 p.m. Members Present Dr W# Osborn, Chairman Mr* R C* Cole Mr. J. W. Hammond Dr. H. W. Gerarde Dr. M. N. Newquiat Dr. T. G. Rigney (for Dr. Ralph Schneider) Guests Present L. C. Beard, Jr. (for Dr. George Saunders) Dr. B. B. Reeve Dr. L. E. Curtis Mr. C. A. Neilson Dr. Rupert Scott (London, England) Dr. Clark Miller Dr. Theodore M. Frank Dr. T. H. Mitchell Dr. L. deBoer (Amsterdam, Holland) Mr. Elmer Mattocks The prepared agenda vaa discuaaed in the follovlng order and these comments, opinions aad recommendations represent the unanimous conclusions of the subccnmittee for the MAC'8 .consideration and information. I. Status of Keroslne Research Program by Dr. Daeschner at Baylor University A. The results of the Letter Ballot of March 7 on Dr. Daeschner's proposal re sulted in 2k ballots cast by the April 1, 1958 deadline. Twenty (20) approvals and four (4) disapprovals were cast. Comments made by the four (4) disapproving and from one (l) approving were circulated to the subcommittee and these five individuals were specifically invited to attend the subcommittee meeting. Three (3} of those disapproving were present and changed their vote to approval. The fourth sent an alternate to the meeting who personally approves the proposal and voted "no vote" thus negating his principal's original disapproval. Therefore, Dr. Daeschner's Keroslne Research Program has received the unanimous approval of the MAC via Letter Ballot. Mr. Mattocks will promptly put the necessary contract procedure into effect and transfer the $5*000 to Dr. Daeschner. II. Model Precautionary Labeling Legislation of Hazardous Substances The subcommittee reviewed and discussed in detail the information outlined in Report of Liaison Member - AMA - Dr. J. V. Osborn and makes the following observation and reccsnendatlons to the MAC: 1. In the past two weeks developments have occured at the Federal level which will require the API President, Board of Directors, and Medical and Health Committee of the Board to make Important decisions on this subject. It is the unanimous opinion of this subcamlttee that the MAC should at once inform the Medical and Health Committee of the gist of the information con tained in the Report of Liaison Member - in whatever form the Chairman of the MAC and/or the Director of the Department of Technical Services deem most important to the occasion. API 07366 2. The subcommittee unanimously believes that the primary "working responsi bility committee" in this field is the Interdivlslonal Committee on Labeling insofar as the API is concerned. Should the Medical and Health Committee need further assistance from the MAC beyond or in addition to that which is available through the MAC medical representation on the Interdivlslonal Committee on Labeling (Dre. Newquiat, Hine, and Gerarde), the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Economic Poisons (and Liaison Member-AMA), Dr. Osborn, will be available. EB 006725 2 I n. jll. Possible Relationship Between Exposure to Stoddard-type Solvents and Thrombopgp.ia Clyde M. Berry of State University of Iowa (formerly Technical Advlaor to MAC) raised this question for our consideration. The subcommittee knows of no connection other than coincidence and the Chairman will so advise Mr. Berry unless the MAC knows something to the contrary.. jy. Petroleum Products Used by Themselves Alone as Economic Poisons A list of such substances was requested from Mr. E. P. Williams, Jr., Chairman of the API Committee on Agriculture in January 1958. He replied that his committee kept no such list of products and implied that this subject was not of Interest to his committee. The SubcoBBittee on Economic Poisons voted to drop the preparation of a list from that source, it being of no Interest to the Agricultural Committee. . y. Cooperative Project for the Evaluation of the Treatment of Kerosine and Related Petroleum Distillate Ingestion The subcommittee has reviewed the work submitted to date on this study from Dr. Edvard Press, Chairman Subcommittee on Accldentlal Poisoning, American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Horace Gerarde of our Subcommittee is participating in this Cooperative Project vhlch provides additional liaison for us in this area. VI Rational Clearing House for Poison Control Centers The subcommittee chairman wrote to Dr. Howard Caan, Director of the National Clearing House, Public Health Service) Washington, D. C. on March 3, 1958* He replied March 24th expressing gratitude for our interest in his poison control movement. His supply of list of Poison Control Centers of October 1957 was exhausted. There were 110 such centers then, nov there are about 120. He will send me 30 copies for distribution to MAC as soon as the revised list is pub lished. He indeed hopes to appoint an Advisory Council to the National Clearing House in the near future; thinks a representative from the API MAC would be an important representative; will keep the MAC in mind when this council is formed. The subcommittee discussed this and the chairman will follow up. VII. First Aid Measures for Persons Swallowing Petroleum Distillates Communication from J. G. Schaafsma, Manager, Laboratories Department, General Petroleum Corporation dated January 24, 1958, at the suggestion of Dr. E. P. Luongo and E. K. Daniels was circulated to the subcommittee and discussed at this meeting. In essence, the State of California Department of Professional and Vocational Standards Official Antidotes First Aid Treatment and Label Requirements latest bulletin, July 1, 1957, and the California Parent-Teacher Magazine, November, 1957, are widely publicizing "Gastric Lavage" and the "Universal Antidote" as first-aid in Coal Oil, Gasoline, and Kerosine Ingestion cases. API 07367 Even though this is contrary to the AMA Committee on Toxicology's published advice and this subcommittee's belief, the subcommittee unanimously agrees that the MAC is not in a position to reconsnend any official advice to the contrary at this time. The subcommittee chairman will attempt to explore this matter further for discussion at the next subcommittee meeting. EB 006726 - 3- I G-3 -jj, a. Dr. 1 C. Baird's request for a discussion of the scope and functions, short and long range goals of this subcommittee v&a done. A report in vriting will be circularized through the subcommittee and submitted in final form in the near future to Dr. Baird. B. The summary report of the Subcommittee's annual activities due in the hands of the Operating Subcommittee by October 10th at Dr. Beard's re quest vas discussed and the Chairman vlll do so. j, V. Hammond g. W. Gerarde X, ff. Nevquist T. G. Rigney '(for R. Schneider) Disapproving EB 006727 API 07368 C OP Y )> APPENDIX H April 21, 1958 CHAITQHTE-HADDON HALL Atlantic City, N. J. Dr. V. C. Baird, Chairman, Medical Advisory Committee, The report of the Subcommittee on Medical Policies and Practices is that there has been no activity during the past year of this Subcommittee. At the Subcommittee meeting yesterday, it agreed that it would offer its services to arrange a half day discussion at the Fall meeting. The necessary details could be handled by correspondence. K. R. Fourcher, M. D. EB 006728 API 07369 JP APPENDIX I ' REPORT OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON PHYSICAL AGENTS C. H. Hiae, K. D., Chairman jhe Subconsulttee has reviewed its function and has reconfirmed that this con11 siets of service to the Medical Advisory Committee as a clearing house on matters of interest in the general area of physical agents relating to health. These include such items as noise, radiation (ionization), temperature extremes, re peated motion, ultrasonics, illumination, and radiation ther than ionization. 2 The Chairman of the MAC has requested that the general scope of work of this ' subcommittee on Physical Agents be defined. In compliance, the Subconmlttee recommends as follows: a. Short-term Goals 1. To keep the MAC informed on important new items and developments in the area of physical agents relating to health. 2. To prepare for submission to the MAC a list of Journals, bulletins) ' new references, reports, etc., covering the best available new literature in the field of physical agents. 3< To accept any assignment from the MAC on matters relating to physical agents. . b. Long-Term Goal . 1. To sunmarlze on an annual basis for the MAC any new developments, progress, or other information relating to physical agents. 3. Members of the Subcommittee have been assigned responsibility for following individual technical areas Included in the over-all coverage of the Subcommittee. l). It is the concensus of this Subcommittee that no further donation to the Sub committee on Noise in Industry of the American Academy of Ophtbamology and Otolaryngology should be made at this time. However, the work of that sub committee is recognized as being important to the petroleum Industry, and we, therefore, recoanend that the possibility of a donation should be renewed at a future date, when economic conditions in the industry are aura favorable. 5. No funds are requested for the next fiscal year. EB 006729 API 07370 ) APPENDIX J HZ?CRT OF THE. SUBCOMMITTEE ON TCXICOLCOICAL REVIEWS "" H. W. Gerarde, N. D., Chairman The committee recommends that the Medical Advisory Coanittee accept the ` invitation of the Editor of the AHA Journal of Industrial Health to publish the Toxicological Reviews (two each month), in this Journal. The reviews would carry the announcement that copies are available from the API at 2% per copy. 2. The Subcommittee considers the following Toxicological Reviews ready for publication: a. Butadiene b. Naphthalene c. Toluene d. Copper Naphthenate e. Naphthenic Acids The6e revisions will be circulated to the members of the Medical Advisory Committee for final review before publication. 3. Final drafts are in preparation on the following: a. Benzene b. Cumene . c. Kerosine d. Xylene e. Cyclohexane f. Aromatic Solvent Naphtha l*. First drafts are in preparation on the following: a. Styrene b. Thiophene c. Morpholine d. Furfural e. Boron Trlfluoride f. Nitrobenzene g. Diethylene Glycol h. Acrylonitrile i. Nickel Carbonyl J. Alkyl Disulfides k. Alkyl Mercaptans . Estimated cost for this group is $1,5<X)-$2,500. 5- The next group of Reviews to be revised include: a. Aluminum Chloride b. Cresol c. Hydrogen Chloride d. Sulfuric Acid e. Ammonia f. Carbon Tetrachloride g. Mercury h. Methyl Ethyl Ketone i. Phosphorus Pentasulfide J. Sulfur Dioxide EB 006730 API 07371 Estimated date of completion of this group is January 1959* In response to a request by the chat mum of the Medical Advisory Consnittee, the Subcommittee has defined its scope, functions, and objectives as follows: a. The accumulation, condensation, and presentation of the available toxicological Information on a variety of substances of Interest to the petroleum industry. ~ . b. The dissemination of this information in the form of Toxicological Reviews which are to be kept up te date by periodic revision every five years. c. Suggestions for new Reviews will be obtained by canvassing the membership of the Medical Advisory Committee. . New Toxicological Reviews will be prepared following approval of the Medical Advisory Committee from a list of substances selected by the Subcommittee. EB 006731 )> AP73TDIX K REPORT OF THE SUBCOMOTTBE OH INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE J. A. Spence, Chairman The Subcommittee on Industrial Hygiene met on April 20, 1958 vith nine (S; j^Bbers and ben Uo) present. __ Liaison committee members to American Standards Association committees j ^.37, Z-U, and Z-62) reported no recent activities. The matter of what action. the aubcasBitiet* should take on The M. W. Kellogg Co> oonograph "Health and Physiological Safety in the Process Industries" was reopened Lj discussion. The subcommittee again concurred that the excessive effort required edit and modify this monograph is not Justified. It is, therefore, the aubeossnittee'e recommendation that work on this monograph be dropped. . As requested by the chairman of the Medical Advisory Conmittee, the jubcosanittee arrived at the following statement of its activities. The scope and functions are essentially the same as those previously stated at the November 1956 subcommittee meeting and are as follows: . . Scope . The Subcommittee on Industrial Hygiene will concern itself with Industrial gyglene problems common to the petroleum industry in general. functions Its functions will'Include: 1. Advise concerning industrial hygiene matters on those problems referred to it by the Medical Advisory Conalttee, 2. Seek-out and evaluate industry-wide environmental health problems, referring those of significance to the Medical Advisory Committee with accompanying recommendations for handling when indicated, 3. Develop and provide industrial hygiene practices and methods for controlling environmental health hazards common to the petroleum industry and will keep Informed of current developments in other industries, h. Se responsible to the Medical Advisory Committee for those I liaison memberships maintained with the American Standards j Association committees. 1I ' | Also as requested by the chairman of the Medical Advisory Conanittee, the Subcommittee arrived at the following statement of its current and long and short range goals. Short-ranpe Goals API 07373 A preliminary summary of available industrial hygiene information on certain catalyst materials currently used in petroleum refining will be prepared within the at year (April 1959)* Such processes as catalytic cracking, reforming, isomeri- zatiou, hydroferming, alkylation, polymerization, hydrofining, and hydro-aesulfurl- . z&tlon viu be studied. Subcommittee members have accepted assignments and will 1 forward information to Mr. P. D. Bailey, who is to serve as Catalyst Project Coordinator. EB 006732 A roster in booklet fora of industrial hygienists within the petroleum industry been prepared and is available for limited distribution. rnnf-range Goals l. Work will continue on the catalyst project, amplifying and developing further information on the above catalysts. In addition, the study will be expanded to other refining and petrochemical type catalysts. EB 006733  APPENDIX L STUDIES IN EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE AMERICAN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Report of Ad Hoc Subcommittee 1. It is recommended that the Medical Advisory Consulttee of the American Petroleum Institute create a standing subcommittee on epidemiology, ,2. . The. objectives .of..the subccmaitt--ahonlfl . Incline but need not be limited to the-following:. ' a. To collect Information from member companies on the occur rence of nev and unusual illnesses or health conditions thought to be related to the Industry and to disseminate such Information through the M.A.C. to moriier companies. Examples: The occurrence of arsine poisoning; unusual lead exposures or poisonings. h. To collect information upon the occurrence and conditions thought to he of particular concern to the industry vlthln selected samples of employee population groups; to collect and analyze the information and to report the findings, conclusions, and recommendations, if any, to the M.A.C. Examples: Skin cancer; cancer of the lungs; pneumoconioses. c. To collect morbidity and mortality information upon selected conditions of major health importance among selected samples of employee populations; to collate and analyze the information and to report the findings, conduaions, and recommendations, if any, to the M.A.C. Examples: Heart disease; accidental deaths, suicides. 3. It is recontended that the objectives should be, at least during the initial stages, strictly limited to a fev conditions which can be measured quantitatively in a uniform manner where the population at risk is known. 4. It Is recoamended that the subcommittee be composed of seven members, four from the M.A.C., one of whom is to serve as chairman, and three from the technical advisors. 5. It is recommended that the scope of the studies and the methods of procedure be determined after study by the subcommittee. George M. Saunders, M. D. B. E. Eennison, M. D. BEB/bpj March 19, 1958 EB 006734 API 07375 > APPENDIX M REPORT OF LIAISON MEMBER - AMA J. W. Osborn, M. D. ^ ifodel Precautionary Labeling legislation of Hazardous Substances. 1. The Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association (CSMA), the Manufacturers Chemical Association (MCA), the American Association of Soap and Glycerine Pro ducers (AASGP), and the National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association (NFVXA) fesye had Congressman Curtis. (Missouri) at^^ongrasajoan Williams (Mississippi) . : acfa Introduce identical bills "into ttoTi;13. 'Jfeusfc' i^Repiwwtati^ commonly referred to as the Curtis Bill). This MU Is a Hazardous Substances Labeling Act to regulate the distribution and sale of packages.of hazardous substances intended for household use for the purpose of promoting uniformity in Federal and State Legislation covering this field as defined. It is not intended to cover commercial, industrial, agricultural, horticultural, and re lated uses, nor does it Invade the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic field. 2. The above Inter-Associations vould like t* see the Curtis (Williams) Bill passed in this session cf Congress. The model on vhich it is based has received vide circulation and has helped in States where legislation is being considered. Their reason for Federal Passage of the Curtis Bill is that next year with many (ever 4o) State Legislatures in session there vlU be an avalanche of this type of legislation, and a Federal lav vould be a real stabilizing factor. 3. These Inter-Associations invited the API to attend an informal discussion meeting in Philadelphia last Thursday, April 17th. Mr. Mattocks asked Dr. Osborn to represent the MAC and Mr. R. D. Bent, and Mr. W. Herman Barcus to represent the Interdivislonal Committee on Labeling at this meeting. 4. The purpose of the meeting was to compare the Curtis Bill vlth the American Medical Associations Committee on Toxicology's proposed lav vhich Its Secretary, Bernard E. Cooley, Ph.D., is currently attempting to persuade Congressman Curtis to introduce into the House of Representatives. This proposed bill is called the Uniform Hazardous Substances Act, and Dr. Conley describes it as follows: "A broad and encompassing act requiring precautionary labeling of hazardous sub stances in commercial, household, and Industrial chemicals"-------and "is intended as a model for uniform laws to require the declaration of hazardous ' ingredients and warning statements on the label and In the accompanying literature of chemical products." A copy of the act and a digest of its main features vere submitted to Mr. Porter, President of API for his review and comment. Dr. Conley also advised that "A meetlng to discuss this and other tentative legislative measures will he held in the near future." 5. These 2 proposed lavs vere compared thoroughly at the April 17th Philadelphia meeting. The Inter-Associations are to send 3 representatives headed by Mr. R. L. Ackerly of the CSMA to a discussion meeting in Washington, 5 P- M., Monday, April 21st, with Congressman Curtis' Deputy Assistant. The 3 API representatives agreed the API need not he represented. B. Current State and City lave, Regulations and Enabling Acts already passed or under serious consideration In many States make it seem almost inevitable that some lav on Federal level will be passed soon in the field of Hazardous Substances. The Inter-AsBociation believes that the Curtis Bill is reasonable In scope, definition and content so that industry and commerce on the one band and the Medical and legal Professions on the other should be able to comply and be satisfied vlth it in help ing to reduce tae current number of morbidity and mortality cases that occur, and jg ro 0 CD UJ ' VO & < > -2 H-2 v0Ut producing an undue burden upon the manufacturer to comply and the household. Resuming public to pay. The main objective* to the AMA proposed Bill aeem as Slovs: It is unnecessarily broad in scope, requiring "the labeling of all chemical products containing hazardous substances which are not now so regulated the word "Poison"sadaMhntltutns:%Eo^ft*%atLth*fvery- hroad definition of "Toxic" Vhi&.votid''rwSbatoly,H^" ; the precautionary labeling of Bode salt when sold to spread on tbit eon* Burner's icy sidewalks. '" . . 3. It defines the signal words "Danger," "Warning," or "Caution" in such broad terms that thousands of chemicals would probably be required to carry one of them on the label so that they would rapidly be Ignored as & signal word in the minds of the public and lose their effectiveness. 1. It introduces "strong sensitizer" to the list of Hazardous Substances, then defines it as any sensitizer, then says: "The frequency and severity of the sensitization reaction shall determine whether a sensitizing material offers a significant potentiality for Causing injury." But it doesn't pro vide any guide as to who shall make this determination. Ia short, the AMA. proposed Bill seems to be verbose, confusing, and somewhat contra dictory. It presents a very broad scope and rigid tests for substances to be includ ed within its boundaries. It makes unnecessary distinctions between different types of products and different degrees of hazard - distinctions which, to the lay public vbich it is designed to protect, would have little or no effect, distinctions which could cause needless and undue burden upon a producer and confusion in the minds of the public. . . C. Assuming that same Federal Lav or Regulation may be in order as a model of sen sible application in the field of hazardous substances, it would be this observer's opinion that, of the two proposed bills, the Curtis Bill is definitely preferable for the following reasons: . 1. It is limited in scope to hazardous substances for household use where percentage-vise the need Is greatest. 2. It retains the use of the word "Poison" which is arresting to most reason ably intelligent people when properly applied. 3. It defines "Poison" in sensible terms which can be understood as a Pre cautionary word and tested for both in the laboratory and on the basis of human data with reasonably accurate results for practical use. 4. It reserves for the producer and distributor of Hazardous Substances the choice of using on his labels any one of the three signal words "Danger," "Warning," or "Caution" which by dictionary definition and common usage are practicably synonomous. . l l z l o Jciv 5. It does not attempt to compete with or supercede the Federal Food, Drug and. Cosmetic Act in the field of "Sensitizers" vhich are probably more pre valent in drug and cosmetic usage than in household, coonerce and Industry usage of Hazardous Substances outside the F. D. and C. Administration. EB 006736 ) -3- M-3 In conclusidnj the entire field of prevention in this "Chemical and Atomic Em" ?0 vhlch ve are living should rest ite case more on "Education" than on "Compulsion -yough Legislation" for the "greatest good of the greatest number" vith the ^ceSsary corailary never forgotten -- "and at the same time the least harm to the 'jiallst amber." ,, B 006737 API 07378