Document N67L6JeNgmDXX2Jd4Oo2K79Q

TWENTY-TWO EAST FORTIETH STREET NEW YORK, N.Y. May 11, 1937 Mr. J. S. Offutt, Assistant to President, United States Gypsum Company, 300 West Adams street, Chicago, 111. Re - Dr. Gardner - Asbestos Dust Experiments Dear Mr. Offutt: Replying further to yours of April 29, 1937, I am enclosing herewith copy of Dr. Gardner*s first progress report dated May 1937. Very truly yours. V5:T BD Enclosure' /s/ Vandiver Ero7.Ti Vandiver arown General Attorney "ooO rh\j o rvj <p- as.c-e .COPY o6>y^ First Progress Report on Asbestosis EzDeriments at the Saransc Laboratory . Kay 5, 1937. J ... To furnish a better understanding of the disease, asbestosisj provide standards, as a basis for its diagnosis by x^^taQiaai exneninents ,has now; filasVMl ilt is expected SSjSSjj ^^^aniaais inhaling fibrous^sbestos jrhich%iHildast -fgliaddws^ comparable '\to'|l^6se^^eh^in ?'^mah''iBeings^^ince31^! raainals^can: killed as seems advisable !t .rill be_pessible to cdaparej^the^a^tonica ^changes in :their.l^gs^jU^Jhe^hadows^ ce certain"whether^^e "fibrosis -is ^due^v Jition of asbestosid^br whether'^t*l;s the result of^a j Ition in the rails of the^air spaces resulting ^romthe^actil ^fibrous foreign body (1.1 physical structure iri: 'are in progress, fsif no fibrosis results^fron'accurilatibns^ofXasbes^s in other organs it may probably be -assumed: -that 'IbheBlealrJtiaKLla^ of the tissues is^not .responsible, fo^^he^pulmbnary fibrosis^.... ?As' a further' check on the- physical vs. Ithe chemical hypothesis ;^the action of ground serpentine is being compared with that of chrysotile^ ce they both have the same chemical nonposition "the Cjonpa^son^shoulc instructive whatever the result. .- ................ To check the effect of mere fibrous .structure, -a search for'other ^ fi-; fibrous minerals was naderiSHone other than those classified as asbestos^ could be discovered which had the same structural composition, however, ;;t because of our interest in the action of gypsun, a sample of satin spar..^ (fibrous) and also one of soda tremolite were selected for comparative hill testing. -:.v - - . - i""- Finally, the action of various members of the asbestos group, -amphibole,1' amesite, crocidolite and anthophyllite are all being compared with that OI cnryso wXJLe . . - ' .... iids:v-vf Y:- 'v-r;-1' It i s too early_to report more than the fact that the experiments have been started. For the inhalation of chrysotile, a dust,furnished by --.ir_ . Fisher froz^ a plant at ilanville, II.J. is being employed. "As it* . , was received, the dust war tyce and ~e were forced to not sufficiently fine for experiments of regrind i^ in a ball mill. Considerable this time was spent in^experimenting with a proper type of mill for the i*-M- w- cse. '`his difficulty was overcome and inhalation was begun cn marc ites In the dusting room we placed SC- guinea pigs, 20 rats, S rabbits and 3 ^ cats Kore of the latter will be procured as they become available.' .^ *xj> . . -2-........ ,v . ,1 ; .A dust concentration of ipproximately 175 million particles pe cubic foot of air is nos- being maintained. ...iTnhiiss mmaayy- later be changed. Over 9C- of .the particles are less "than 5 cicronr iin , diameter. -Since significant results cannot be expected to ''-"^yC:Ciy develop until exposures have been continued for from l ;^to jZ^yea: S /y, v^v; there can be little to report .before the expiration dif^th^ytime^ ,, The various injection experiments Sre" further advanced'although^ is too .early to report any results...JyFqr....this purpose^ll^&ilts^ ^S^H^siihave been analysed..ohemipally;(and;ipetfographically^^Th^'^^V"'^as,Me! ^bry*!lle intravenous ^Injection*! fe^^^^Eavef" proved "difficult J7^rabbits haye^< Led,-f^^^lapparently from mechanicaiT effect?^ without;.. L^^i^i?lii>^s0^^receiving significant quantities...of^the^&ist^ iyu^y-^ii^si^^^Furthe r _a t temp ts jarejjain^?ro gre ss.j J`~ /' ' - `"b.'^Intraperitoneal Injections 5 'guinea-pigs'/ -:One killed after one month. >No gross fibrosis ^"'SS~;S ":SMshiZsl* ; V' _ a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits still in progress. ! Have each received 11 doses totalling G.55* grams. y; Hi:fa*alitiea:J&^ ,v;. y'SSjggSf b. Intraoeritoneal Injection. 5 euinea Digs. Feb. 5, 1937 ' x, 2 killed after 12 and 30 days respectively. Dust plaques without gross fibrosis. Ames ita .yy . .- y- .- . - . y.;' ' : -V - .' \y;,c ............................. / ;':? a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits still in progress. Have each received 11 doses totalling 0.55 grams, .-iv- lo fatalities. :./ ~s:' b. Intraperitoneal Injection. 5 euinea pigs on Feb. 5, ^ 1937 . .. y:-:::;..,y^y;^.^>^ y.- * 2 died of infection. ,. 5- 1 killed after 1 month. Host of the dust absorb HVf' S', -3- . . ' .';->: '::~V->:.-V-.: -V, Crocidclite -`'. r. - .7^fe-Aiv .... v; >-;; - ka. intravenous Injection. rabbits have each received full dose of one gram in 20 injecpichsT . "one .killed. ..... . '" ~ % "... ... _______ .... _,_w^ * b^^Intraperitoneai _In jectirav^^.guinea'.'pigs rjs^mmm2 dii^ltt^infe ctlon. killed1 after 1 month. ^Pigmented dust , .^1imw.^Tr,,,. jlaques without fibrosis. "" . fAnthophvllite r __________ ___ v a. `Intravenous Injection.'^ rabbits have each received dose of 1 gram in 20 injections. .,_.... . ....... `^SSw^ffiS ' :*'''*&*-'* 2 killed after 3 1/2 to 6 months respectively No evidence of fibrosis in'the lungs, spleen ^^>;^W;^^.liver. or.. bone. marrow. mmr h* . -Intrap*e' rit'on...e...al Injection, '^''guinea Dies ^T^r" /- r^^r'3 killed after 1, 4 and 3 months respe '^a^S^SS^vr-- "> Disaopearing reaction with gross evide fibrosis.. ''**7-'\:;v,. . Serpentine ^ .s ' '. ' ... -;. a. Intravenous Injection, 4 rabbits have each received' _ full dose of 1 gram in 20 injections, .ill alive and ' well. .. : - -.:.^S|pS b. Intraperitoneal Injection. 5 guinea pigs. 2 killed after 1 and 4 months respectively. Al .......'i.\..-..* *. -1 Soft pigmented dust plaques without fibrosis. :` Fibrous C-ypsun - Satin Soar a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits have eacr. received 11 of 20 injections, or a total of 0.55 gran fatalities. D \V-/. J-oVo* b. Intraperitoneal Injections - not cade. - O r r::^* Soda Trer^olite ' -. * ' '/vSj a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits have each received total dose of 1 eram in 20 injections. All alive and well. . ' ' b. Intraperitoneal Injection *^5 guineapigs^ ; ........ killed after 1 nor.ti % . y* ; '*>._;. .1.- * ; ' " v; ::$:y`"^ : : ' " * -:' , ' :. .-_- plaques- without fibrosis. " ... . '>^V t ^'J- }&&&?.' .: .!' rSi<&3k&!3T 4Uiic ui tjisse eariy resux-s is resaraea as sianliicant and hoc^n- '#-':;!/V elusions rill be drarm until the observations have been "continuefc^ _; for at least one year. "It is not yet clear whether'"'the `Sif** cuit^eF ;S^ith intravenous injections of chrysotile are merely athatteribi''"'' ^^l^^^^technique ;.or whether this substance Is essentialiv ^Ee^are attenpting "to'`discover .the causeV"' vf&i '. ' / . 'v.r-vfv,?' I Vv: *.V f&EKSSrS* lyyrswvpagtrTi f-v' 'V".v ^rf3x- Wk ,.. v- -^y-Y;^ ; '\r:*;*'' --WS&Mflips 'imS0-:r: 'm&m ~5Pefe>4 C*0 Z20df> *** USE THIS COPY FOR?REFERENCE ONLY*** USE THE EXHIBIT THAT IS LOOSE IN THE FOLDER TO MAKE YOUR COPY - COPY ~ TfVT'* Trt PO^DriO *j w -- .. C *.. ; _ _j _I . r*._ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ / Hay II, 1937 !ir. J. S. Qffutt, Assistant to President, United States Gypsun Conpany, 3C0 '.Vest Adans street, Chicago, III. Re - Dr. Gardner - Asbestos Dust Bxoerinents / w -- . --- wj. _ ^ ^ I an enclosing herewith copy of Dr. report dated Yay 5, 1937. . 5f A or 11 29, 1 s--~>1 O* / dr* f g f* * orogress '/ o T r ^ * * * ^ --r Trpnn e * ~- J J^ ^J YR BD -. >- y* /*N S 1 ' ^ ^ /s/ Vandive 7s^livQ,n ono^'i 07.T1 /->. T* Q7/ PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT isoS.i First Progress Report on Asbestosls Experiments at the Saranac Laboratory. May 5t 1937. To furnish a better understanding of the disease, asbestosis, and to provide standards as a basis for Its diagnosis by x-ray films, a group of animal experiments has now been started. It is expected that anatomical changes rill be produced in the lungs of animals inhaling fibrous asbestos which rill cast shedows on an x-ray film comparable to those seen in human beings. Since the animals con be killed as seems advisable it will be possible to compare the anatomical changes in their lungs with the shadows seen in the films. To make certain whether the fibrosis in the lung Is due to the chemical composition of asbestos or whether it is tho result of a mild irritation in the walls of the air spaces result ing from the action of a fibrous foreign body Cl.e. its physical structure) injection experiments are in progress. If no fibrosis results from accumulations of asbestos in other organs it may probably be assumed that chemical stimulation of the tissues is not responsible for the pulmonary fibrosis. As a further check on the physical vs. the chemical hypothesis, the action of ground serpentine is being compared with that of chrysotile. Since they loth have the game chemical composition the comparison should be instructive whatever the result. To check the effect of mere fibrous structure, a search for other fibrous minerals was made. None other than those classified as asbestos could be discovered which had the same structural composition, nowever, because of our interest in the action of gypsum, a sample of satin spar (fibrous) end also one of soda tremollte were selected for comparative testing. Finally, the action of various members of the asbestos group, amphibole, ameslte, crocidolite ani anthophylllte are all being compared with that of chrysotile. It is too early to report more than the fact that the experiments have been started. For the inhalation of chrysotile, dust furnished by Mr. Fisher from a plant at Itenville, N. J. is being employed. As it was received, the dust was not sufficiently fine for experiments of this type and we were forced to regrind It In a ball mill. Considerable time was spent in experimenting with a proper type of mill for the purpose. This difficulty was over come and inhalation was begun on March 22. In tii* dusting room we placed 80 guinea pigs, 20 rats, 8 rabbits and 3 cats. More of the latter will be procured as they become available. A dust concentration of approximately 175 million particles per cubic foot of air is now being maintained. This nay later be changed. Over 90JS of the particles are less thon 5 microns in diameter. Since significant results cannot be expected to develop until exposures have been continued for from 1 to 2 years there can be little to report before the expiration of that time. The various injection experiments are further-advanced although it is too early to report any results. For this purpose all dusts have been analysed chemically and petrographically. They were then ground and fractionated by allutrlction. Only particles 1 to 3 microns in diameter were used. Their composition was again checked by the same methods of analysis. The various tests are tabulated for your information. Chrysotlle (Thetford) a. Intravenous Injections. Have proved difficult. 7 rabbits have died, apparently from mechanical effects, without receiving significant quantities or the dust. Further attempts ere in progress. b. Intraperitoneal Injections - 5 guinea pigs, March 31,1937 One killed after one month, Hu gross fibrosis. Amphibold a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits still in progress. Have each received 11 doses totalling 0.55 grams. Ho fatalities. b. Intraperitoneal Injection. 5 guinea pigs. Feb. 5*1937 2 killed after 12 and 30 days respectively. Lust plaques without gross fibrosis. Amesite a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits still in progress. Have each received 11 doses totalling 0.55 grams. Ho fatalities. b. Intraperitoneal Injection. 5 guinea Pigs on Feb.5*1937 2 died of infection. 1 killed after 1 month. Host of the dust absorbed] no fibrosis. Crocidolite a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits have each received full dose of one gram In 20 injections. Hone killed. b. Intraperitoneal Injection. 7 guinea pigs. 2 died of infection. 1 killed after 1 month. Pigmented dust plaques without fibrosis. Anthoohylllte a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits have each received .. full dose of 1 gram in 20 injections. - .v; - 2 killed after 3 1/2 to 6 months respectively. No evidence of fibrosis in the lungs, spleen, liver ot bone marrow. b. Intraperitoneal Injection. 5 guinea pigs. 3 killed efter 1, 4 end 8 months respectively. Disappearing reaction with gross evidence of fibrosis. Serpentine a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits have each received full dose of 1 gram in 20 injections. All alive and well. b. Intraperitoneal Injection. 5 guinea pigs. 2 killed after 1 and 4 months respectively Soft pigmented dust plaques without fibrosis. Fibrous Gvosum - Satin Soar ' II ! -- I I ^ ----W f a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits have each received 11 of 20 injections, or a total of 0.55 grams, llo fatalities. b. Intraperitoneal Injections - not made. Soda Tremolite a. Intravenous Injection. 4 rabbits have each received total dose of 1 gram in 20 injections. All alive and well. B. Intraperitoneal Injection. 5 guinea pigs. 1 killed after 1 month. Small pigmented dust plaques without /ibrosis. Kone of these early results Is regarded as significant and no conclusions will be drawn until the observations have been continued for at least one year. It is not yet clear whether the difficulties with intravenous injection of chrysotile are merely a matter of technique or whether this substance is essentially toxic. Yfe are attempting to discover the cause.