Document N2w9YLoO4QN7Xbbxx4LM931By

P-NSC-36 National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident j National Safety Council prevention and the health of industrial workers ; Officers, I934-I935 John C. Lena. rr.ilJ.nt llow*f I. P*tua. VlcvPrvitdtM for VOL 32, No. 3 i lMblk `'/fv --. w. -- -- .* .... 0 0- Fl.NVfei-t`nrA]rf*ut fur I'uIh- i ite C**` H. P****, Vkt-l'rvstUeul fur Safety Cuuneili CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1935 At.hUrt S. Vfer.lrinufenl fur (i.'Jc Thr 1V 55 Congress City ..................................................................... U >,, If.df-W.n Measure; in Dust Control--Arthur S. Johnson................................. 17 jhr I'rivtT Has Hi* Trouble*--Hairy J. Drttgas...................................................... -m 'Sifriy Miwtirr"--T. 11". Osgonil.................................................... 20 C W. Smith. Yk**P??`4tttt fur Imlui* fetal SaftW It. T. So# **?*> Vt*i*.tV***Mrnt foi* f'jtftfV* M. W*T!ui>. M.U.. Vtav.J'rviUlvHt fur H*-UJl .UllfcOT W. WtllfMcr. Vlo--IVrvr.|r*il fur hUucaimfi 1- i iisaiat Vtfs*.j'rv>hirn{ fcr TrraMirrr W H, Ca5*.*'. Vitrl.if> H*I M-Uia** Wl* UirrWiH* ,\n ,\u 'uniani An;dy/v; Safely Savings--Stanley Pmthr'-rljy ............................ 2.5 Executive Committee (ir-iml Kjpirij Is S.ilvH Conscious--Curtis Billings................................................ ,.2$ K.in.vr? Health Authorities Fight Accident?--Earit C. Brmrn, hf.D... ............. 27 Sirfr l't Safety--Roy H. RanrfeU........................................................................... 29 Members dt lirge Tux Aee*x ornoiai ana: A. &.* hMitman h#d4it ww. ?. ri. G*****". 3Uif*(/ 5v(tton, Ao** tJoq f AMwrtviHt (1lir*iM4j* 4. f^. C^ia**t, Corn. UutieAurv. Tht in IN run n Co. G. T. ffeu*vTt, Cl# ** Awnn AUure nd Mllwowkef L.. TnoWLi P. fniiuMflal Cornmii* neattiiti; J'.'xterior Wall; of Buildings by Sandblasting or Steamblasting-- Tmovaj H. I, S. Uurru of Iwlirstrial Data Sheet D-Cen. si........................................................................ .32 ; i vM J. 41*MMX. Portland Omrnt Raising the Standard? of Industrial Medicine--.1/. ,V. .VnrgM/,. M. D.................. 34 l.imking Toward the Congress ....................................................................................... 3S K. I- dr mown A 0. , M. . . (>ame R. 3Ur*. *tn*,J PW'v'trU* *,v, }U4jre A, VnifeU Shtr> Mr#l Corw. Kirmrntary Safeguarding Is Still Impoetinl ........ .....................................................58 And Sudden Death--/. .1. Fumes.................................................................... ,,.6d Safety Csuneil R*prienUtivj Cu**m*KM P. Taruie. 5t*aiaclirtti Sr*y CouiKlt Waanx Uane Sane*. IWn-or* NnT.iy Onjnell C* K, VV^le*r*s Rejwlai Departments I ......................................... ... *; IU' M.iruumi: Direetur', Pjgv ................ -10 T)' S-ifvtv liechatige .............................--JO lkhi'(ri-jl Health - ........................... 34 Uh Buitvtin ti.uril .................................---tl) l"rfv>tuU .................................. 1} the .VifT Lihrarr..................................... art The Honor RutJ ............................................ SO Cimine Eentli --........................... ......... a? With thr Mamafttlurer .........................._...*2 , Ttw 8vvera Sender ...................................... ~K Thr Accident Barometer ..............................*ti Vak.m.vx t. Fish, Editor SiAKirtr H. K a*s haw. Power Editor 0. I'i.NAKi.l., KOH'hH* LltV S*4t> <4*UtlCil ItMMUif NH>mr, i.Muin illr->ufr<r (litoircit ^ CtAIIWtl lWilali VIUs 5fHy . KoOM*.. i'.Minjtnn Mlfftr Scti0A! Repficnidtivi ic W. 4.a Murlirr F, \V. IIMvn. Wood frmluctjs Hiwui li. !|wi^aa?i. Sfefrl ad wajr Trofflr .. Mima C. Haw. Aatmilrr M*ciiin* Killings, AsHiciate Editor C. H. Milltj, Advertising Manager 1, \V. Mti.i-ivn. Afrfdeiil i'rrvmt !* tnuif*me* MmwfoHuroro l.urrto l>, Aat>*. ,VrrniMt*a`iil 1 i.ut.t less tj- N.iuonoi Council. Inc. Printed in L'.tS.A, t'ut.llahed monthlr, el inuiirr June !. 1I1. at tli I*n*i Ufflca at Chicaiau, in., under Ihr 1 H-irei, a. iSIJ. Additional eiitrjr it 8t. Jeeatin. Mien. tT,lr 'ull'`,',M'llon price lo mimlnfi fur extra rente* uf the NATIONAL siFCTT-lsews hv.1 |.*r >*nr, stntrle conn-., to eeoi*. n*H.crd q.aitut)' prices tor ,-r.rlv auoacrlp. "u'i an. .ingle coplea on requeet. SuUrrrlpuoot are avallahle o'nlj. tr mampera r the S'ttloaal Satelr Caunclt. ti t J. A, Vow, MrUl-t P*st Pr'' IleeaaT W. I * AaTMca T. Moa.r i.aw It. P*`" Llavie Va* S.:h** n*ur C. Hica*.a Hemher Audit Bureau of ClrruUUOn, CM*aaaa P. TetMan Aarxva ft. V.i* TSi. .... TH.iin la imlea.d In the Induatrlal Arta Index. t M vacua A. INvar I Ll n A. Ilellaai* iL"""'""1* *n*^ cotillon* advanced In aimed artlclea are te tre un4erd na li'dtvtdual Uaai. li Avcl. ............. their autliura, nut thoae o( the National 3arty Cdtinrll, Caaaua li. <cert ttaataa *i. K*fi lle.aa H. NiaW ___ i,.J:ix., H.isav A. Ilrviner* National Safety Council, Inc. C. F.raaxa I'xTrimaa r *. ltuiaa.'i'r , rwt-OiHHAft 20 North W*et Oriv*. Chicago. U. S. A. Ivnaioi New yort Ofliet, 9 El 41 it Street Office of the FducsKo" Dlvld-- f e,.i A Pah*T V. No Half Way Measures in Dust Control By ARTHUR S. JOHNSON ,<titfint itt iht .itntrwm iiufnnl fA*Ot(Hti ituurtutra O ii* dust hazard to Ttlii> extent nf rn.il.inc the occur rence of pneumoconiosis imprnb- imheury imi<l do much ninn- th;*n Dust control U not on event; it ii a program that requires concentrated day-to-day attention hir. 'i:n iianicnl <lu<t removal equipment .me ;t cuinc. With it ihcrt- tmt.-t ! al to the amount of silica in the air mu produce disabling lung pathology -i up r.-mim- n\ check :mil double breathed \ new ray nf hope lies in yet we arc i.icnl with tin- bids ti( claims , luck. perhaps M imic nnv operating some fairly gtxxi evidence that there prosecuted successfully. (Quantity of jinii-iicos ;mri <4 sharp -k-linitiun of re- may be mixed dusts in which such dust dust, rather than quality, was doubtless .|Kiii5ibiiitics. This -ill bods down to as limestone, gypsum, coal, hematite, responsible for any ill health. Some dae-m-day attention to a program de- clay or cement dilute the silica hazard State regulation.* require dusi exhaust icmnl upm a Ions rar.se health con- and produce less physiological reaction machinery on wine o|vraiinn>. We M-rv:i(i<>u p-iiicy. Half-way measures un than the silica content operating as pure must, therefore, include for control some related in each other mod i work. Xor quartz alone. dusts which bv naturr may not he harm i> tluV a "done once, done forever'1 affair Dust control is not an event, it is ,i program that never finishes. Kxperi* svm to Ik in rather genera! .ijmniMt about four grades of pneu moconiosis hazard. First, quartz caus ing real ,-iliVnsis. a serious solidification *f the masr nf the lungs by fibrosis or growth of scar tissue. It lakes years tn /i -i.is:t*i|. but 'mce started is prngres* -I-. . I ii i-tn which will nut stop and ami.ii |.,- cured. After e'i|>osiire nf 15. A second group of dusts produces somewhat the same clinical picture as silicosis in its early stages, yrt the x-ray of the chest shows th* shadows pretty much confined to the lymph ducts. The damage appears not to be so serious as silicosis in many ways, particularly in that it is not progressive nor does it prvdirixwe to tuberculosis. The dusts pro ducing it certainly should tx* classified as absorptive and therefore harmful al though not in fhe same category a* ful. Our fourth grade of hazard i- tuber- culojis. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a germ, ami probably more useful work has been done to control this disease than almost any other. From time immemorial the dusty trades which we now speak of as having a silicosis hazard were always among the danger sjens fur luixrvtild'i*. What we now know i- this: that sill<o*i* mnki*s a first das* place fur tuberculosis tn thrive in 'bfii >5 ji-ars. men in certain trades ac* quart*. There is no question but that and kill the paiirnt off much earlier than 'uiuulaie this fibrosis f tile lungs which lessens i heir capacity for physical lalxir. it makes them short of breath ami iiiiix-s certain well - defined clinical symptoms X-rays of their chests show charactert-iic shadows. A few of these t"n -Ii.- ,i. ,i direct result of this condi tion lessened lung capacity results from them after long enough cxfHMir* but it cer tainly takes m"f dust and more time to lower capacity for work. Asbestnsis falls in this group and apparently similar con ditions develop from exposure to* ex cesses of many mineral dusts relatively l.iw irt free silica content. would siliciisis alnne. Opinion seems to lx* that pcriinj* silicosis Un complicated by ttilx-rcttUxsii may seldom !x* fatal, but shortens the working life of ihe victim just a> angina, arterio sclerosis, and such degenerative discuses do. On the other hand, we may expect Aim-.ugh few of them have their from tuberculosis one of two things: l*h> deal opacity to work lessened even m I i .-r 2Q years, there may l*s ucttutl (rteri Duits firsi. a man brings tuberculosis, no mat ter how dormant it may be, into a dusty impairmem which predisposes them `o liuierculosij. Th? cause of this jilif,,sis U stiictt, as free qunnz. not enm* "ned with other elements in the form of sihr.ui'.. t,,,, (|1(. quartz as found free in "'mac tod in its purest natural form as Hint ,md ;-u\!v;c-. 'i he studies made of "'my i-a-r. ,.t -iiicosis and the exposure* *|'1'"h . ilu-m in the rock intltt.*- sum! grinding industries, fire- A third group ef mineral dusts may lx* harmless in reasonable quantities. The result of work by some inmtigulnrs which ha* been published rrvemly intttcate clay, uk. emery ami carlmrandum dusts to be inert. In wmte animal ex[x'rinientation these dusts did not jwoiliuc tibrnsis. t'.intrarUy, there have Iwrn claims fur disability front workers who alleged that tlx- exposure to those trade, he may reactivate the tuberculoses and have his case diagnosed as "aggra vated by" the dust: or second, by get ting simple silicosis or perhaps other pneumoconiosis, and then contracting tulien-ulosis from tubercular asstfciaies either at work or elsewhere, die of tuber, i ul'isis -iqx'riiiifioM*il on silicosis, 1 ulwrciiiosis associated with silicosis dues not rrqxmd well to treatment, kegardless r,ck making, etc., have shown that the Same dusts caused their ailments. Ex- of the tact that tuberculosis i* a** .-f- Mtard i. ;ii;c;, >imj that it is proportion prr'$ sta,j* th**** -------- " 18 ul. we insist (.ice this fact. lh;U tubercu loading a cubic fool. This means that things by arbitrary standards. losis is so often the ilisalilinj; result of dust e\{'Mire. that dust control must include tuberculosis contml at the fame time. Measuring the Hazard il it is found necessary to exhaust the dust at its [joint uf origin so that that which gets into the breathing zone of the workers will be S or fewer million invisible motes in each foot of space, we haven't begun when we get out only the t. Dii.li which jre known t,, K- I.,,, cgujrw, Hi tu HH) pc? cent, which rvp,,,, Hie mimJi, and und nnnm which .irr u-.,. muMiog 'iperaiiiMii, iinj Martin* "pvr... ahrjjivc puiienung. ginoter hrick mu,i._ . oiher urh operations, can well hr group,.; ,. a limit vf 5 million panicles. Summarizing, we have three dust hazarris, (l) quarts, which products true silicosis -- it progressive, lung-disabling disease, [2) some dusts which produce a pathology which usually not serious and is nut progressive after exposure stops, yet a pneumoconiosis none the less, and t.l; some dusts which para doxically are probably relatively harm less. yet have l>een the claimed basis for tuberculosis and other disabilities. In the absence of ndri|iiati- diagnoses, occu pational hi-turics and a more satisfac tory method of adjudicating claims than prosecution at common law. we must conclude that it i nen-ssarv tn tind a practical nn-tlii.-il lor euittrulfimt afi mineral dusts. Let us now s- whether it Is necessary to give them all the same de gree of control. We have learned that the silicosis haz ard is measured hy the amount of silica in the air breathed. This means (hat with but few exceptions it is directly proportional to the amount of dust in the air and the percentage ,of silica that i? in the dust. The xtudiesJwhlcb have established the safe limit, or tolerance, visible dirt. We are confronted with the astounding fact that the health hazard has not betn touched, even though an exhaust is 98 per cent efficient in terms nf the weight of dust. If e cannot vis ualize such an invisible hazard, it at least- warns us not to throw together some, tin ducts, motors and fans, and calf it dust control. Returning to our main theme, let me repeat 5 million particles per cubic foot :is the bench mark for quartz dust. Since the hazarti is in proportion to quartz, the less quartz the less danger, or con versely. the less quartz the more dust may be permitted. Xow, is there a top limit of dustiness which, regardless of quartz content, might lx considered a maximum above which nothing would be safe, and up to which only the inert or so-called "safe" dust might go? ft seems to be pretty well agreed among the investigators that there is a top limit and this figure, or second threshold limit, is iOO million panicles. In other words, no matter what the dust is, it's dangerous if the concentration is greater than 100 million particles per cubic foot. In between these limits must lie the 2.Dusts which come (rum the haul u\J in the bvildmj anj monument.,) which run' 50 to 50 per cent quior .m.j ..... mixed foundry Justs. which starred w.il. ,,, VO per cent quuru in the sand but ii.n\ diluted hy' treoivnJoui quantifies of mi. !,, tunc nr ptwr.pl,ate parting 11, that tfi, brcarttisj n oftc-ii le->i man SO per cent , , . a practical safe limit for them appear- .. 10 iiiiIIiiiii particles. .1, For the whole great range of Juuas late uf clay of emery, which conum 4 no quartz or only a 5 nr S pur cent ,inp,,, p fur whuh IUU million particle, i. a ,... heTscft.UJ ilva-l I,'iv, t il.nihr th.ii jiTi.r.l to take iliailn- ao.l hu -aii.iml ,... Cirf,tr..J wliii/l .hrrrigs tln-c ifll*c. ,|..un ,f. . tlto lll.ltMl parrulv. I haw ,1)1,0 IS rtiilhor* hut h.a-v bvvo aCcuw-i "t .r, roJuutini. Ivcaiiw that figure ,c r.ff.io m arir/imviii'al profntr<,,-s to r/tv letlf, Yet, n are facial wilt, tio. .hi.,-..... )upfw,.c e puli Su ,,r 60 miUmit p.i.i,.,- imtall a du.i control pn<edurc and find m tit murx uf a numhci of years' operation ihu e .iitt get Jf..aMig results. No Ju-i v,.n:r.c that ! kmaw nf has actually demomtutv.! rkc 15. nr It) nr IDO million residue is uti'Uai'rv. It may he necessary, therefore, to <k,p , o lo anee foe that type fit dust except to a\ tin-. lmi it is o-ret tOO millitsei it must be r.-l- tcf H. *i'r. pet the Just down as low < rea-.auhlr praiticahle. and IS null,,. -i.d Iisuts reasonable to me. or threshold limit for continuous expo sure without deleterious effect, have ar rived at 3 million particles of quartz points of safety which take the propor tion of silica into account. We now understand in general trmisvhat dusts, hosv much, and uf "h.ii sizes constitute health hazard*. You dust per cubic foot of air, none offwhich dust is larger ihan 10 mirra in size. I Standards for Dust Tolerance have u plant in which voti sttjprv'. a !ni art), l.et u.* examine what c;in In- il'.m think we need t<* digress for a moment to visualize what is meant by i million particles of dust ni such tiny size. Wt know n is invisible to the naked eve be cause it lake* 1 i to 70 times that much to produce a hart, and even that isnjt visible as particles of materials. The particles, therefore, are so smalt as to thwart im.-ginnrior.. As one looks across a dusty room and .wits *vSsi dirt boating in the air, settling nut ralhrr rapidly, or being blown around by draft currents, he is tnlri that (hat is not tits Cast we aft talking aijout. Tin* lancer lies in such tiny particles that they could be run be tween the Searing and the shaft uf a very fine machine anil not touch, for a micrun is roughly .00004 of an inch. Five particles < sand, each piece so rrrti'i ,, be miiv .01 uf an inch ,n What is the practical answer? A table of dust tolerances such as is contained in some state regulations does wdl enough, and in them we find a general agreement but with some variation. In principle most such tables show 3 to 20 million particles as the limits where the quartz content of the dtist runs from 100 per cent down to 30 nr 33 per cent re spectively. To use these tolerances which <tfP led upon percentages of silica, both chemical and petrography analyses of the dust must be made to get reasonable estimates of the silica. The sampling and analyses are both very dif ficult and expensive. U U doubtful it the settled out dust represents the haz ard, ami the raw material certainly dues not. Also much rvidence indicates that petrographic analyses nf the smaller I-. imp,'<,.bl-r. It .---erne to Ole that. alxtut it tu evaluate your purtiutl.ii ditiimn. Hunt control is so expend'-- y" .ihnulil nut guess at the hazard. 1( .,IU( dust has a lut uf quartz in it. -o>.h fmmtlry molding sand, gnni.ner. acerrgate (uf tire brick, granite, yiml for loo! grintling, etc., there Is a hial'f hazarti. If you can <e the dust. > know- it to be a terrific hazard If 'iK'r' is settlement on ledges there is a ha/an* Yuu can save yourself the bother v* ll!K`' ing out the exact quality uf toxic." !r' prixeetl at once to put the dust contml. Your problem ties in th- ' 1 10 million limit group. If, on the other hand, you h-pc " ` mixnl dusts of low silica coi'tc'! doubtful hazarti. before buj!'*-' *|J'' control machinery you want to tmo what the hazarti is and how moth. 1 tit.M (Innutht wutiW he to 1 A- 48 a reasonable price. There is also ; Dust Control ingenious continuous dust sampim counting apparatus for keeping (Continutd j'om p,t[c iSj tinuous count of the dust in a rueder exhaust and it can be so att,-,z counts, make analyses ami rely upon those findings. I iijye said that 1 doubt the value of analyses. They may prove tu be the only practical methods, but they certainly are not as good criteria as tu know whether the dust is harmful, ami some moderate quantities under suspicion may be safe. We arc, there fore. very anxious frum a practical standpoint t determine whether our dust is really dangerous or not. This s<-em; to me to be a tremendously im portant point, for if certain dusts arc he made only by physicians who arc qualified to interpret x-rays and who have training and wide experience in the diagnosis of respiratory ailments. The periodic examination is an indis pensable preventive measure which en ables the physician to detect diseases of the lungs in their early stages and at a titSf when removal of the worker from the-dust offers hope of recovery or im provement. In addition, the repeated routine medical examinations furnish a valuable means of determining the effec to control the ventilating Cx mechanism, turn on more as neede- turn it off when the satisfactory c tions hive been reached. This has designed and built by Mr. Hasan: Mr. Philip Drinker of Harvard a: far as I know, is stj|| a laberatnrv | ! see nothing impracticable aUiu however, and for a large dust com in stallation I would expect it to be a; fui as the automatic carbon momdetector and control mechanism m Holland tunnel. nm daticruu.s, the atmospheres contain tiveness of dust control measure*. There are practical dust suimrr; in'.: them should not require such dean While it would seem desirable tu ex mechanisms fur sand blasting, :umi, wm-piii" as though the quart/, content amine present employees to discover grinding. mixing, bugging. (inning. .i were (hen- .dune. cases with active luiicrcuiojis, in order sive grinding, dry pan mixing t hir present knowledge of prtetntw- to assure proper treatment and prevent most every type of totalized ui*-r.v cottioiis i< *i limited, and especially uur their spreading infection, this procedure generating dusts. They arc rv--<- knowledge of these minor dusts, that we is likely to stir up claims or misunder unless well-designed. They are t--< di> nut know definitely which are bad standings on the part of the. workmen. ineffective because, as I said L-.-i and which are not. Good medical Such examinations, if made, should be they don't begin to touch the he. records of old employees, which records used only for rehabilitation purposes. hazard until they have got rid of r would show the incidence of pneumonia, of the dust, which is the best they tuberculosis, etc., would be helpful. X-ray of employees with 20 years or Equipment for Dust Counfa do. They wear out due to the abra action of the dust. They cost a lot mure exposure would be most useful, but Our problem now is to suppress the money, and the cost usually cannot .Tt danger from inexpert diagnosis on the one ha"d, and misuseef the infermatiurt or, the oihrr, makes Examination of dust to a safe limit. That implies its re moval at the source by mechanical ex haust. That implies counting the dust justified oo the grounds of imp re work efficiency or quality of prodOccasional installations will !* - employees for this purpose something to to begin with in order to have some basis supporting. The Kelly trap on r be axutded. I urge that more satisfac for designing the equipment, and re- drilling has been demonstrated to tory yardsticks for evaluating this haz couating to know that the equipment is crease the cost per foot drilled but . ard be found, and the recent and current working satisfactorily. The impinger or increased the drilling rate suffieier toxiiity studies hold some ho^e for an standard method is complicated, slow, to offset the cost. Also in the c answer. expensive and poor* for routine checking of air-conditioned rooms in which r In the meantime, it is necessary to as although it must I* used as a standard celain enamel is sprayed, the enjvu; sume that all mineral dusts contain for calibration. We, therefore, want a air conditioning system can U- n.. some health hazard and put them all un simple method, one that somebody not to control the dust and at th / der control, and rely upon the low an industrial health expert can use sat time be made economically tmu". quartz content of the material producing isfactorily. Zeiss Konimeter is a satis reason of an improved quuliiv the dust tu locate it in the third or least factory instrument in the hands of the enameled surface. Xo doubt there harmful bracket. man who has had some training. The in many Installations which have alter, It ita; t>e well to consider medical ex- strument is imported, is rather difficult demonstrated economy from ovDer c ntr.inatmnVni' a dust control measure. It to obtain, and not too expensive, under siderations than improvement to hem X rccsrarttenried that new employees for $200, i believe. The point i wish to make is that deity ph:-.-.'; /imnd physically fit In Another instrument is the Owens Jet improvement to health is too import order to avoid introducing men whose which has been modified by .Mr, Hatcn to waste time trying to justify ;< condition makes them liable to an early of Harvard and Mr. Thompson associ hnust equipment upon economic 'it break I"wn on account of defects or ated with me in the American Mutual to erations. Where operations arc rpft diseases aiready present, or who may in make its operation simpler and more sat out over a great area, as in the c.u< fect others by spreading disease. isfactory, This apparatus was built foundries, it is difficult to avoid rat* Proper diagnosis of such physical con specifically for use in checking the dust dust in the shakeout operation.except ditions can only Ire accomplished by control apparatus in a large jprantte expensive mechanical installations. M` having a tnvdiv d examination with x- shed, and is entirely satisfactory. Up to of those which have come to my a"1 r:\yi of the chest, including as complete the present time T do not know that any tion have been installed fur the cv-nv ,11.>! .in*l cnqilnymeru history of iit.irttmrn> makrt has undertaken to purjWM of sand handling and u* -" .- . * If : i.i ii-.-it t. :ur-- ii. Inn , 1-ri.uniy . di-mand va.-ws wi-re far front -a'1-' '' , . ` , i th* twiiii;i;:v all iijjlil tWt liicv ilu not lunch the niicrugrams. Lu\ us nuw look further to set whtther seme olher remedies will be satisfactory. Supfwsc we leave the hazard alone and put respirators on the men. It won't work, except for very short periods or lur emergency work, such as cleaning ,,,,i dust arresters or loading tumbling 1,,-irrcK There should he no question efficient respirators because the '.'n.f.'t! W*t Bureau of Mines is now prrjMred to make tests and an employer ..in ]usiifml>ly limit his purchase to rcs- jiir.itorj which meet these tests. Even ihottgh respirators may lx efficient, they j ;,re uncomfortable, and while it is not a | IM1 H v** "*-* * * h.iribiiip fur a man to wear a respirator j temporarily, or even for a week perhaps | i|ann" n period ni breakdown in the dust j Happy Feet cviui"i sysicnt. f cannot conceive ot iviirk.ut n remaining contented if the)' | have to wear respirators continuously It liar often ixmii said that a man i* (nr a long period. If they need to wear no better than hi* feet. Mangled, them and don't wear them properly they bruised, brokea or smashed toes might just as well not have them on at and feet not only take a man ofT all. the job, but coot real money in In operations which can be confined conipentatloa, medical and other tn n limited space, such as sand blasting direct and indirect costa. In ad ami perhaps shaking out some type? of dition such i ajuries reduce the ratings, the workers can in morale of fellow workmen and helmets provided with an adequate sup* low down production. plv of clean air. The air.line heimet is practical for continuous use, while a filter respirator is practical for only limited periods. If the dust is extremely heavy, say 300 million particics of quartz, and a respirator is 9$ per cent efiii ient. the worker is still breathing six milli.m imrtidci. which i Ino much. You can protect your workers' feet hy insisting they wear Lehigh Safety Shoe* with tiro improved steel box safely toe. Their feet will Iw happy feet, protected again*) injury and further--f^-high Shoe* Titiitk ,.f respirators preferably tn S\h>- are* built fur comfort, durability pirment exhaust systems. and appearance. Wh.it else can we do to get fid of the ( EVERY-DAY WORK SHOES No. H39 -- BUtk Elk Blgchrr, Loath*? Sett and Rubber H**t. Ao. US --At Above, e*pt Chromr l.raihrr Middl* SoU, Army Grid Rubbrr SoU and Rub ber Hart. Shtt ) dust ha/aril? The first to suggest itself is to get rid of the silica content In the dusi. I know of one group of foundries which is conducting extensive research LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO. 31 S. SEVENTH ST. ALLENTOWN, PA. involving the use of molding sands that an- fr.-i* of quaru. That may prove in be thoroughly practical and is a step in the ":hi direction. Any plant can study its operations t0 whether the quartz ntaterial that is being used can be elimi- FERALUN jGnlbSlip Treads .(Iso Hrunztiltm. and Xicalnn njtetl. Castings in some cases can be t'eanetl with water. Blasting can be frequently with steel grit instead of wnri. rertainlv foundries can use silieaifff p.ming compound that is just as S00** :> quartz dust. Silica packing thnuM )* replaced in annealing opera- PREVENT ACCIDENTS ON STAIRS and FLOORS A hard *cal a*criz Imo which ! <*tt tn abraaiv* nx< in htrdn** to Ae diamond uaurta durability and ami-rliy fAciow?. ALL ARE fireproof Onginalon aaad drv*tp*r* of Abr*iv mat for iion*. Pulverized quartz is not needed SAFE WALKWAYS -in abrasive. This is one avenue of comrj| which should have thorough ttudy tn ,.acj, individual case. Even though you get rid of quartz Specify Fcralun ami Hr Sum AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irvington, Now Jersey SKi'Tr:MnF.R. i<m GKOCORD and RAIV-COK.Q toltt and hfrit ara aftd in dutnri, iron and U(ti fomndrtat. railroad ihop-, aato f a r(OrtaI, |#i and alat- trie plantt, iat and faai rtatiom, ilont qaarriat, minti, xanarai marahoutai -- wkart Salary it an important factor. % Fltxibiiirf and J* in ikin*, 8 NON.SLIP adda rtnfidvnrt and ttdeianry i tK* vaarar. 10,9 GUO-CORDS and RAW* COSOS guard againat lot data aatidaaa from slipping. St/a warkan an aSaianl workin and an in dawand. No*--balora you hart an tcridtm it tha lima ft purrhaaa iheat that bava GSO* CORO or RAW-CORD toiw and Knit on than. Your work nU bo soon pltatani baoauaa o( (hit added talatf. * nan our a.iinftk at Juti Annual (*(>- Congraat and Erpoalilan uiiutn xo. ia,"bruwn Louiavllla. Kjf., Oetokar 14-11, 113*. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Dept. 7-F, Lima, 0. K-Hy tmut+i %r P*rvt~&aj> UMgwet WW * ffeMiM ItTON SlIP SOLES AND HEELS Rubberized Fabric Link Mat This Non-dip Ssfety Mol ii aspoeidUy designed for industrial git where thf* ij a dip haiatd. In addition, they increoi* til* worker}' efficiency as they raduce fatigue brought on by stand ing on concrete, brick, tile or hard flooring, ideal for piecing in front of machine} and where wet condition* exist. Heavy gelvandcd wire with cadmium plated dip* and plat** ere used to prevent rvit Furnished in silts to meet your require ment*. low in eott and long wearing. Write today for price* and complete information. THE BUXBAUM COMPANY Akron, Ohio but cannot get rid of all duit, sc* you can do about getting rid of . of it by conducting operations in manner as to mininiite the rats, dust. Explore your process, for m; and see how much residual dust j, the hcriiooti! beams, ledges, ei: some plants that have not been afor a long time this dust has been . to lie at the angle of repose and tr bration of a passing truck would i;>, enough dust in the oir to be of u; serious haiard. This can be got by a thoroughly practical means, as vacuum cleaning or blowing , with a jet of wet air or steam. Krators are satisfactory for the proir; of men doing the cleaning. There is an economic value in item. It has been reported by < plants which have improved iheir ho keeping by this method and have step farther am! brightened up . factory rooms with paint ami .vice,: lighting that other accidents have reduced and work efficiently incrr.t. Certainly an extremely dusty place it cates sloppy housekeeping. Housecir ing must be put on a periodic routine Diy processes will sometimes admit being changed to wet processes, or di processes. While dampness will not dust, moisture in the process wit! p vent the generation of dust in ma cases. Care must be exercised in int preting this suggestion because water a high speed grinding wheel does r prevent the dust. One of the most * ous silica health hazards is wet grindi on natural sand stone wheels. The i dence to tuberculosis is high. Water artificial emery and carborundum whet mnv or mar not be beneficial, it '* i* milted in lieu of dust exhaust in at lea one state, but we are faced with tr opinion that these dusts are iwrmle anyway, unless the volume is high. 1 worth depends upon getting the (to wel! below 1QQ million particles. Having done all the housekeeping ^ process improvement that can be deM*in lieu of exhaust, we are outrun'* with the question of whether there^' remains dust in sufficient quantm i,~ some processes to make it necex^O remove it by mechanical exhaust. counts will tell the answer. Hand tions, such as molding, can be ,f,'rK without raising much dust. M'` *N( chanted operations which use or g*** ate dust must be exhausted, ft seems evitable that exhaust be used t> >"' dingers, rock crushers, dry parr. .Vauntin'* that we have nut " ' u .i..-* 'u 1,1 llial "*"lS "'"tt'KiJ, "l'JI mui) be done lo make it work? I have ,iid that they wear out. You must put dust counts on a routine basis as a cheek 0f the efficiency of the system. Whether you e the Zeiss or the Owens* or the in'pinger doesn't matter. The system punt he explored constantly for leaks, thr dust traps must he cleaned regularly, a,,d the dust disposed of so that it won't l.;d; :---*= the building. If the <ksipi contemplates returning the cleaned lir 4) the building, extremely careful checking of it must be done in order that (he hazard may not be compounded. It is poor practice to return the air to the building because operation is so often badly maintained. Who is responsible for a dust control program? The owners, through the manomeot, are responsible for the provi sion of the equipment and the proper engineering to produce it. They have to spend the money and it is management's responsibility to see that it is spent property. The initiative and the engi neering necessary to control the dust rot entirety with the management. It is j not a hazard which can be controlled by efficient supervision and safe practices l'ne. The supervisory department is rejfvinstbie for the housekeeping, safe practices and shop methods. Some as signed members of the supervisory de triment are responsible for the main tenance and operation of the dust re* mn;if equipment and for the dust counts used as a check on the system. If there ever iv3S a nice machine re quiring constant tuning, it is a dust re moval system. It won't work without this attention, The workers carry a responsibility loo. They must use the safeguards pro vided. whether they be respirators or portal.!,, hoods to place behind hand 'on!.*. They must not stuff bags into "fuels !,, si0p drafts. Dust control is .1 cooperative thing--each division carryWS its share of responsibility. Nobody ttin avoid his responsibility and make 'It* thing work. When you make your next plant inspection, be sure to notice those more or 1cm out-of-theway drive belts, motors, shafting or other equipment that should he guarded, hat that have been neglected, due to their location. It is a good policy to protect every hazard even though the chance of accident is seemingly small. ft is real economy to protect your workers from possible injury and it is Safety Guard Economy when you do so with fl & K Guard Accessories. They sre furnished ready for easy and quick assembly by your handy man in his spare lime, AU H&K Atttnorit* **t intpte- lien of Un4mr?tttri' Lskotgtari**, in*. a TifrtSnnqtMon & tK/Vinq Perforating I 'Co. 114 Liberty St. NEW YORK. N. Y. SMS Fillmore St. CHfCACO, ILL. USE * UNION or COLUMBIA CARBOY INCLINATOR for the SAFE and EASY' way to pour nciih and chemicals from carboys or small and medium *ixc drums, A Correction Through an error in the caption ae(mpSf,ving the illustration on page ii the August National Safety News, j ifrtd I'. Slo.in, Jr., president of Gen*1*1 .Motors Corporation, was referred 0 ** vice-president of the corporation. sEf*TKMUER. 1933 A tried and * proved device attractively priced. Sold on money-back guarantee. Scud fur u completely ilhl*(rated and di--criptiee bulle tin firing lull particular!, and privo. THE INCLINATOR COMPANY-ro. *ox wMtwNKAFOtif, mink.