Document N2Ooq41Qvaq1mGD3m46GgeGZp

FILE NAME: General Motors (GM) DATE: 1947 & 1948 DOC#: GM007 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Castrop Article - National Safety News Castrop Article GM hygienist V. Castrop made a presentation to the 35th National Safety Congress on dust and fume control. This was printed with the 19^7 proceedings of the Congress, according to the National Safety Council librarian, who is sending the article. A shorter form of Castrop's paper appeared in National Safety News, Feb. 19^8. There are multiple volumes of the annual NSC Congress proceedings, and somehow my assistants failed to come up with this Castrop item in the 35th Congress (we did find the article in NS News). I asked the librarian to enclose copies of pages of the members of the Automotive and Machine Shop Section of the National Safety Council in 19^7, as this appeared in the published . Congress proceedings. Whereupon, he said this was no longer al- ' lowed; articles yes, but any lists of members, no. The librarian, who has helped me in the past, explained that the litigation was the reason for the new policy. He did read me the names and affiliations of the members who were involved with the health subcommittee of the Automotive and Machine Shop section of NSC, and the names and affiliations of persons who were executive members of the section. None of these people were with Bendix or Ford (GM, Westinghouse, I recall). There is a good chance that both Bendix and Ford were represented on the executive committee of the NSC Automotive and Machine Shop section, and thus automatically received copies of the proceedings (even if they had no one physically present at Castrop's speech). But a check of this point will have to await receipt of the article from the NSC library, which will have the cover page of the volume it's from attached. I can then send someone to examine the volume. y if 361 SNAAFTEIOTNY ANLEWS P u b lis h e d M oBtfcly b y th e N o tio n al S a fe ty C onnell FEBRUARY, 1948 ' V ol. 57, N o.~2 ,!f I lli 1$ ii* j< fcfti i! ARTICLES TH E C O V E R . To romiad *m pioy*s that tha office k e i W hasards, too. tko W icoti* Povor ad lig h t Com pany. M ad h a *. Wi*^ stagad thk con*. Tko victim #4 fWo " e c c iJe e f" Mite M arg aret Katty. rasapttooht, In tWo com p *y'i Seiet Dspar+mant. Posters with Tlire Dimensions--C. L R. Dougherty IS Fume end Du* Exposures--V. J. Caltrop 20 The Man for the Job--Morris S. Vitalai 22 Modern It the Word for It 24 Fatigue States--Sidnay A. Fort, M.D. 24 The Diary of a Safety Engineer: "The Sandbag"-- (31 Andrew 25 Fire Fighting Revolution-- Paul W. Kearney .... 10 The Industrial Safety Panel: "Prixei for Safe Woriers". J4 The Illuminating Address--Larry Davis and till Midgely :it Safety's Place in Ceramic Flant Engineering-- John L Carruthers . J7 Inside That Coil of Rope-- Cepf. Aylmer R. Hatch . . . .. lit Protection for Freedom Train Documents-- P. W. Eberhardt . '14 Handling and Storage of Sulfur-- Industrial Data Sheet D-PP 5 . '10 Editorial Tko Sofoty Volvo TV# SrwafUr Pioot Causa and Cot AtUd A hivtrtd Industrial Hoolth TVo Actldant 4aroma*r <v! a a DEPARTMENTS 17 11 12 . 33 44 14 . SI C oolA f EvaaH P o n e*!................ rw Sofoty Ubrory TV* Hooot R l Took for Yo4k So'oty Program Sofoty Pocton .................... N# Products . M ..4 1 . 41 .7 2 .. 47 . . MO U ! S' Ca u u k r u n . Editor C H. Mi m en, A ira r tisirtt Mmrragtr Nooiru. B u te*. A t raciala E H ** lU lTO M otU , A rt Diract* B o x Aiowi, Editorial D ir tt^ r S4atefnenta and opiniwoo advstROed la signed orticleo or tHo person*! a*prestk>no of tbe,r tB N n, not ogecssah h tbooc of lbs Niion*l Sofoty Council. Copyrlibi I9M by N olioiul Snfety Council, Inc. Printed U U. 5. A. Eater! u cUjo mottet Ja m 1, 1921, at tha Poet Often at O t a g o , B llita. adev ibo Act of March J, 1579. Sobaciiptioa n t : To mombrr, 1 4 4 0 pr ysstf, singh c*iAe% 45 cents; to ncfs-Bcmberv 14.75 prr year. oin|Jo copies 67 cent*. Q * tity prkco for yuarl/ oubocrfptieao i d tingle on request. Member Audii Boreao of Q rnatsc. Indexed ia IoduWnnJ Arto Io d ei. 74,490 copies of tkk too w*r* prlatod In This Issue . . . sMaay a pester idea coo I## |t|t<n up ititu o hfe-asae, animated display - - cne that people imply can't ignore, lle te or t*omr race Ilent e iu sp le * that art outstan-line be raaoa ike clcverneaa of the idea hasn't r-l> cured tbo safely mewage. I Page 111. Fume and dust rtpourea ore problems in many industries. This article dieus*e% otne of the more common n p o o u r with an appraisal of Ihr hazard*. (Page 20). Placement trots, like all procedures in* v tln o g the human element. are n<<4 infal lible br<t they do prevent raan> cxxupatiooil njs/tta, some of whom would be icrjoin hazard* la certain job. Here is a mimcAary of recent development# in ths held try a well known authority. IPage 2 2 ). Fatigue may rr*alt from one or rkmc *>( vast number of caose, com crning botfi (he iadlriduaJ and hia environnarnt. Here are opme new angles to the object pee. sated frotu the medical point of d r v . fPage 26t. Mora problems confront the hero of our afety angmeer's diary aa an un*ym|>thetic hows remind* him that the deadline (or showing reults is getting clooer. (Page . 29). Improvised fuf.fightiog equipment, auppletneutlng standard apparato, gave a good * account of itaclf in the forest fire* in Maine last October. The idea it applicable to many location. (Page 50). Rewarding employe for safe work n om etW a considered in the aamo rUaa a* paying a yovngster to be good. Pul ia both eases incentives r%a be used to advantage, and recognition meaaa more than tlie cash value of the reward. The Industrial Sofct Panel diaotaoe* this old and controversial { subject. (Page V I). National Safety Council 20 NorfA W iyck^r Driv Chlcogo 6, HHnoh Haw Tori OSce<400 ChrW sr Si if.. Haw Y a ri I f . W atia** Ofvco--> I f f Satfae Straat, S a t Fro#cires W IUJAM A . IRVIN, Chairman. Brd el Trust* C U O F. C R A IG , Chorrmaa, Roard cd Di metoa NED R D EARtCRN , RmWort G U T L N O RU, Vleo-pmdds.t for Farms ` C . G RESUN 5, VW*prosldsM foe Hosacs and Ttsatatst O R D. 1 ARM STRON. VlM-prasUMt lw We A 3 The the S E O tS I A JA C O IY , V k^ e m tU ..* hx the lU rttf i KENNETH 1 CO IM AN . V k.-p rviU w it fw Lm I Setet, OrgeelMtlees L W . KEMPTON. V k v y m U t tw Mm . hwshte a bi n>B Drc W . EARL H A LL, Vk^pm M .t fw h ,U k eve UfM tte | OR. HENRY T. HIAL0 , VWf-.u<t..t k> hu W SReels a .4 CeR^as LESLIE J. SORENSON. V k a ^ ra sU ..* to. T r.tR . a .4 Traaipwtatto. M IS . t . R NICHOLSON. Y !.a -p M l ' tor W m w 'i ActKrtttas LESS i; trt^AVs. ' '.v k a iH fc r. Fume and Dust Exposure r v. j . c a s t r o p This discussion wd ta-n- principles of inr ** tires relate to fum pu-urr. to indicate mcures are arsilsh ptotert the employee's call attention to open Iciiala which are com industry, at the same t generally accepted opir eflrct on health. Vfany conditions are reasons other than thr he ilth. Better ptrrdoc pl-yee relstioosn ip, tnnintrnence of equip cit-d as justification mint's decisions for st Delfattfoas . Iaymen freqtwsitlv } "frnne" any rapor, fog. 1 nsy encounter. In indr inp mist over a chroim nor or gaeCn, at a t operation or the echos a truck are frequently "furac*." To the indoat the term has a more ' RrsposiiBnjTT is delegated {or by employee health management to the medical director, while the safety and lo the administrative work of hit department. A a result, be baa Inauibctenl lime for plant survey*. Tbia doctor, should be Inl-rrmed as to where he can obtain the technical per- ` sonnet to du the aatnpling and d> ' director U charged with accident prc- is particularly true in plante when.' tailed study of the rnvironmesjt sad 1 mention activitira. For the amooth the doctor is employed on a part-time engineering personnel to render as- . ftmetioning of either department, it it basis. aistanee in the control of exposures'] neccaaary that three individuals work A safety engineer who is capable Such assistance may be obtained from in harmony. of recognising conditions which may the Industrial hygiene divisions of The safety engineer spends much ^ detrimental to health is an excel- either the heahb or labor department?; of his time in lire plant and usually is 1'* lM,n mate for 'he doctor In a of many state*. Some city gortttu - well informed about working condi- health maintenance program. The m enu likewise have industrial by*.i tions. Tlie doctor, on the other hand, engineer need not be capable giene bureaus, must spend most of his lime tending sampling air in the envl- . In addition to tbeee governmental, to the medical needs of the employee tonment or designing a vrntilation agencies, many insurance carrier'- system for the control of teulc ms- h sre on tlieir staffs men who are,', 1 T' V. J. Cxmor U Auiiunt IWd, lndu> teriaU. He should, however, h sre c. apable of sa_mpling and rerderlnj ; jj 1 trial nyrlt. peyonowat. Research UIs knowledge of the materials which engineering assistance. Prirtto eon-. fave I m p r o v e d harmful, and should .u lt.n t. ars abo available. or dMMd from a paper pre^med ,, ,h, *,ne understanding of basic may find that an Indtutrlal b y g i i* , Aft<oUT and M*rAi4 SIxp Sertion. cont7TM m ciaurrt. la rm ployrd bjr jrottf own orj*nb*-f ^ Sdtxj Concern. Tho Mfety engineer, a wr!l u the (ion. IsM y Hows. N beesr* TffSj > ** fcrfTf Ifews,  ' */ ; -jT-i'-'r?-'; `' ^ t ','r- .' .* -*.*fr5fciiy i y \4 i. a --d vv-W. |!|W wt rafor tUmt, t if c s m i + vtm m ii# p+m- t- 9* nW. awrf f>9 meVir#oieW * l+ otv$* W e<cr. co/ Aowt# rWW*o o/ e e inl-wmed as to in the technical per sala fling and de* environment and nrrd lo render asnlrol of exporort, <f he obtained from 5>er*e divUiovu of ; labor departmentsSome city govrraot mdur-trU] hr* ' heee gov,-riunente! nsurir** carrier* St men who arv ng and rendering esce. Print con trails ble, or you sdu*trial bygkm'nt nr own orgoniri- Thi* diacuiaion will be limit! to hi" * prin^iplr of industrial hygiene *. they relate to fume and dut eip'-urr% to indicate what control mt-aMjre* are available or lifted to the employee*# hedth, and to ra I! attention to operation* and matrnal* which atv commonly used in ti>lu*trv, at the Mime time indicating gforrally accepted opini m a* to their eflrri on health. Manr conditions are mprovrd for tfflsons other than their effect upon hfilih. Better pnxIucU. belter em* pk;ce relationship, teJurtion in ntfintmanee of equipment may be cit'd at justification for manage* mint a deciaionft for w< h correction. CMaitloai . ^ (aymen frequently *fatif;nate an "fi.me** any vapor, fog, j;a, etc., they may encounter. la ndmtxy, the plat* inf mitt oser a chrome tank, tbe va por or gaaCa, at a metal cleaning operation or the tih;tu*: gave from a I'uHt are frequently referred to a* "furor*.** To tlic induatfial hygienist, the term hat a more definite mean^ ing. For thU* diftcuaaion, fume may be considered to be particulate matter formed by the condensation of it ra* por. A raohen hath of lead at a high temperature rauaea the metal to vole tilize and form'a vapor. (Jpoa contact with the cooler aurrounding atmo*> phere condensation ocxmr and the phyaicai atate change* from vapor to a solid metallic partklr. While duM u aLo a solid particle, it is formed by the dirintftfratioa of olid materiali by grinding, crushing, alwaaion, or similar action. Fume part idea are generally small in diameter, with the site dependent upon the type of fume, the extert of flocculation, and other factor*. Duat particle* of hygienic significance are those hftrw fiu one and ten microns JDu.4-%1 ct> '' /- ' : to J. j . . ! ' , In tire. (25,4(10 micron* ire equiva lent to one inch). Genei ally peaking, there re two mean, of entrance of toxic com pound. into tbe human body--by ingestion or via the rcapiralory tract through inhalation of fumes, dusts, mirta or gaaea. Ingestion ia of im portance if toxic materiala which bare a systemic effect are need and adequate washing facOitiea are not provideil, or, where the employee* arc slovenly in personal habit*. Inhalation it considered the moat important portal of entry of fames or dusts and the particle sire, them, fore, become* significant in evaluat ing evj-oetire. The particle* which cause tire physiological changes are those which are small enough to remam suspended In the air and not those which immediately fall to the flour. Flying particles, which may cause eye injuries are not of hygienic significance since they arts not of respirable tic. To judge tbe aerimrsnevs of an erposurc by the quartity of -iefritua adjacent to an operation ia oft-n misleading. This la especially trus where merban'tcal ventilation re moves the fine material but ia inade quate to trap or convey the larger particle*. Id errlu.vting an exposure it ia ttecrswtry !> consider the toxicity of the m aerisl, tire duration of the eipo- sure, the average concentration of the contaminant with special attention being prid to tho*o operation* which produce high concentration* at some phase of an operating cycle, and the metruro> which hare been provided -- To pogr 52 ffathsai frfK y H.ws, gskraaey, 1949 ^:stm if if ilil te K '-SSIj* '^jM p j p t a s v* r n / h fk - *-*LI t * iU.,1 ) U $,1 I -it ;'v ! ,! i - Fume and Dust Exposure - - fr o m page 21 to control the expaaure. Medical rec ord of the individual subjected to the rxp'ure mar !*r of value if the The mere fact that these limit are exceeded does not necessarily mean that someone wilJ become definitely rxa.-nnatinn* re thorough and fre quent and not of a cursory type. It mu*4 lc rrmend>ered that occupa ill. Hut there i* i good probability that someone will suffer ill effects if the limit is greatly exceeded for a tion*! disease* are alow in develop considerable period. There remain* ment and in some Instance* IsMng much to be learned regarding the in effect. Slow change* may not be toxicity of many distances used in detected and Se mere fact that case* industry. have not m-ruirrd doc* not mean that So much for tl>e general picture. F rrpoure-5 to known toxic material* may be ignored. Determination of lire concentration of the toxic material in the air is im- Now let*# look at some specific opera tion*. W elding mdant in ewdualing the exposure. Teats of this type are indicative not nnlr of the degree of contamination Welding proojane* moat commonly used can be divided into three types, arc. gas, and rrnistance. The safety hut alv>, in some instance*, which measure pertaining to clothing, gog operation is the major offender. The apparatus used i collecting the contaminant and the method used in estimating the amount present in the atmosphere vary with the type of material. Testa of this type are spec ialized in nature and are beset with many pitfall* which ran lead to er roneous conclusions if done by in experienced personnel. gles, and helmet are of common knowledge and will not be. considered here. Arc welding when performed on unroated steel doea not produce a condition considered harmful to the welder, provided it is done in a com paratively large >pen area. The fume* which result from welding consist aserially of the oxide* of iron and oxide* of metslt which may comprise Permissible Limit! the steel or coiling of the welding In a discusin pertaining to toxic material* it it generally necessary to quote permissible concentrations, or as it is sometime* expressed--maxi mum allowable concentrations--per missible limits, or threshold limits. These terms are used extensively by industrial hjgienistn to Indcate con centration* of a auliManre in the rod. Sorofe investigators have found characteristic markings on chest x-rays of men who have welded under aevere condition! for long periods of time. These markings are presumably due to the deposition of iron fumoa within the long*, but it has not been demonstrated that such fumra have caused physical impairment. air which are considered compatible A frequently suggested limit fot with good hraJlh. The limit usually welding fume it 15 milligram* of Iron applies to exposures of eight hours oxide per cubic metrr of air. Con duration for a prolonged period. centration# of this magnitude existing The limit* are, for riser most part, advisory (xndards or bench mark* whiVh are practical to meet. In gen eral, these limits are derived from three types of evidence all of which in the workroom would materially re duce visibility a id thereby beeomo a nuisance or an onf< condition re quiring correction. Welding within confined srea* such have value and limitations. 1. Animal* hav* been eip.^ rd at dif ferent rcncemraiiniM and the e/Trcts ixx M. a* l*nks, inside machinery or equip ment. or In mill room* prerent# a condition which can he of concern. The concentration of fume t* matcib 2. A few experiment* hi lawti tn*de ally higher tinder these condition* m <m htifr.an mh/eet* for short period* of time. i . Safa llroif hare her srrtred at hr OMsiurinf the rofver.tritioo* of sob m e e in tha wcrkroom air *nd correfatln# this Hfnrmaticit with results there U little opportunity for dilution by natural air currents normally pret erit In a large lop. Nitrogen oxides formed by the electric arc when Inhaled in tmfiidfiil qusntiti"* c*u<f* f ra-dicaJ examinath-ais of workmen. fluid, to form In the hm r---edema-- SI i___ -->' -.y*-* " *-n*rf-^'rr-e,` *'/'f/^ 1*| -hpv.' *rr**r*' >' r-'r | with reauhant failure of ti e respira tory aystem. While welding in large 1open area, these toxic gas# i are nor mally not present in sufficient quan tities to cause harmful effi cta. How ever, when welding is done in con fined areas, the nitrogen otidc* may reach a concentration which will be harmful. Gas welding generally i* not productive of harmful fumca. There are, however, in braxing two potentially harmful exposure*. While I*otk acid or borates generally are used in brasing fiuxes, some metal* require fluxes containing significant quantities of fluoride compounds and fumes from lbr*e fluxes have been known to pro duce significant naal irritation. Fluorides in general are locked upon with suspicion since they may pro duce harmful effects upon the bone structure A limit of 2.5 rog. per cubic meter ha* been suggested fog fluoride*, but no standard has been agreed upon. Moat industrii l hygien ists attempt to keep them xt low t* practicable. Silver solder is one of the more common alloys used in braim g. Sold ers of this type vary in composition and may in some instance.! contain cadmium which, if volatilised in suf ficient quantities, is conducted harm ful. At present the suggested limit for cadmium fume in air ii I milligram per 10 cubic meters of ait. Resistance, pot, or butt welding of plain steel is of no comem from the physiological standpoint. Tiie fumca arising from such operation'- general ly ire canscd by the xolatuiied <1 which has come upon the rri'Hal stock during previous operation or has been placed upon the metal as a ru< preventive. The preceding diacusdon of welding operations haa been ba ed upon the assumption that the met da being welded ire of plain atcel. Hie per formance of welding opera ion* ei ther arc, gas, or resGUo t , opoa metala which have been co-ited with such toxic materials a lea', cadmi um, or mercury may cau*e harmful exposure. The beat of the flams or of the ,ire rauves volntili/ttion of these metala. Welding or cutting of trnic plate or other metals containing significant quantities of lead can re sult In the voUtiliiation of U id fume, which if inhaled for a suCBcirnt peri od of time, may resujt In leaf! .btorp- --To po;e :i Plrffaaaf Waws, P-ffresiey, 'V * * '*.'^7?:tT'r"'"'wv WITH MANACI PA YRO LL SAVI HELP SUSINE In 19.000 compnn (for the regular jui ha* made employ* job* --has cut dw dur\j accidents! In addition, of eia! sc u rite for w v $1 at maturit li lt tb r Wan h --to business am equally inqrv.rUnt S P R E A D IN G HELPS SECU Tbr future of you uiKn tbr future a mijor extent, t) CrrnrM of the pu drbl as wideK a* the nation will r-'* How that work* in the bn>rhurf *-k f-Apv --tmin V---fj i Trr.isury l>r|arlr. i UiV-Mi Tb* )Vf N 7 - Vt i \>t ,' , t - v(i>U`. i'V; (i. ' . . .-..y ,y kr * *; ?/. .. -i V.v A_. \ ' ,*> i ' '.V A i';--:'v': ^ ' ' v: - * ./*' . V. ` r . st * , i;.' - '.;i. ; 'f v-t ^./S^^-"r-V V l/'4 I l i a v-: 'J ' '* 'b . r*i F.qwpmtmt Ayprmmei tuk Apx*4*4 Uu mf imp f u r t i. l'ubhhrd t>) IlfW-fc. %tsStSJtlAa. IV (, ti c :av* YE ARTICLES is* **; truth fitti, bj {. In *\ir Tf inport. per Ptsnt fne f . r t Prt fir*rnfi and Muti a . p, 6*1, I Imrvttmg PrtrcUmm t F . PniMtng. ta \ F ir r 1947, p. Ir (talc mm F.fe<U mi In tKifr |jjgr>**nn^. / Pr*ir*em.i. Jr 1Van W<. I<H7. p. f c l l tfy*mcm Cm* Bm'mm* mrttm Tomi. Br T. R. prr*iu*a. IVr. 1^47. p. v 72j m T m eleti .Anf By Trotto J. l*ry Mnufn ^ '** 1017. p. 1 U J VOR ROLL i* acd;* i x).ooo y*w . K epo* t*~ t In n . iC*~ injnrjr mem mretm4. pf Air*rtea ilcfX i. T tn A . --ilcto - brr 6. I<M7; M V 6*201 m*n hear*, hert aluminum). Co. ttt---1000 i-mplot* on houn as of IV ronlmoinjc. (Be*,. m and ni*nif<ture ori) b u r Cow Co m .-- July 2[ to H I; M91r17'> jbjji* Fun>t and Dst F /o m p a g e 5 2 ti<m and ultimate poisoning. The cut* ting or wrtding of turincr* which have been coated with paint certain* mg rad has caused lead potaming; U rldm g of cadmium plated mater* u l v a j attributed ** the caur-e of ill* ne*a and even death to nurglttr of imii-idflaJi during the * a r. The re port'd coaea indicated th rt depth occurr d in a roniparatilrl short time aftet the exposure. U elding of galvanised -netal cauaea the volatilization of th f line coating. Temporary dboomforl aaacciated *ith mrtaJ fume frtcr may result iron such exposure.. here w arranted, control of weld* in* 'umea it generatl) ex'oroplis-hed b> providing a r r c th a n k il ventilation sitt to. The i)p e of ven'il*tio<i used > d>pendent upon the nature of t)>e mrldmg. When the object to be weld ed ii petitioned in a lixt ire or jig it h jmMible to obtain effM ive 'outrol of b*e feme* by the u- of a grill, aide hood, or flexible duct near the our e of fume. U the part* aio U rge and I ir. nc^r^Mry In vrrld m ore than I* t from a fixed |K>it, it it ilifScult lo '(Lain (food control of the fume illi rr*on*l>l* r olu m * through > m i Inn using flcxiblr >i x-f the cfTrctive r i(ji* of mol IL-(i 1 durt i jn u o x in tlrli right m. h . from thr duit ojioriin^, it i( m -r l ily for l)r: H 'hior to m^vo l)ir if' t w h e n rm tiV nri i not*'lo (hi. H i'P \ TSo proitiiiif rr.n il i* that Hrth t t i S-eltly Ihwt, f t l n t r / , 8tcSaf* rdtCDMASTClS cuur* a d . footL-i^ on oU-stdk floor, or othta x lin w y uifocov Indoor, o* out SKIDMASTERS oliar tane cifrai protecBm aijaltt ^Ipptioj hczanU. Y/rCrr U x tm llttln He. 10. ' STANDARD SAfliTY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 112 \7 ii O rtaH o Shrtot, C hics; 10, Illinois M IW AIK > C U V ItA H B IO A H S tllt K EEP ST C LE A N Specialists in Powdered Hand Cl toners t> $OfAC M i>dwl n i p t **d iiM iaf STW OrAC-lifc 7.1 LANCPAC--eeetAtMi U*Ftn tO ttO f AC--k~er*x trvfel>*r "A t rmm $H a La*f Way" w t in v it i am o rro n n iN iT V r o i m i you 1K 0 TCH 5>K0 D ! ja S COHPOffi\T!ON 271(v*yi Dolroit Av. "Otvcloiul 13, Ohio :;V n -iP v . v V . 's. J } . ducts are normal!) n<4 moved ml tin* ventilation aystrm doe* not fffjiotf the fume*. According to re- |nir1, lh> tvje of system ha* Ucn rffrrtiiflv uted in rhipiarda for tile lor.tfol of wrldmg furne* in confined area. In view of thi* r*j*ri'i<e it should therefore Ik a xj(i*fa'torv mean* of control (or welding fun*-* ifc tanka. However, U|`rvimn ami edunilinn arr nece*Mr> to make *u* \ svatem* effective. U'bere the room volume }>rr welder ia large, natural ventilation within the plant ia usually sufficient to pre vent accumulation of excrsMve runventration of fume* from plain atrrl riding. Circulating fm directed from the aide help to dilute live fume which m ar be concrntra'.rd in the breathing zone of the elder. Another rr*eans of control ia live u-e of }>ervnal respiratory equip* merit. Air lire respirators and fume respirator* have l*ecn developed fnth ill provide adequate proleclion. Some inanufactu'er* have on the market elder* helmets ill fa cilities for providing fresh air to the earer. L:?e of this type of equip* ment has hrrn limited. Since the elder is alreadv burdened 'ith heb met, goggles, and protective clothing he probably ill not U* lereptive to Par wt. li f f ry vrfsc**, ya* m t t t bar# c t 4 . . beccute cord he ids securely co wf tu 'to cev h r fr^m ty, --mpy n tth c a t, f * v* War* stra*?hf ridpei . . . b ec cu te rtdes cuf thru co d s-croo* g fortori motter, orvd grip the jurfxe rnet# fcSk.* a respirator. It ia aufficient in mo*t welding for the employer to wenr an ordinary helmet and to arrnng'! the position of the work so at to prevent the concentrated fume from flowing under the helmet. Dry Grinding I)ut resulting from the grinding of nonlnxir metals which are free of sand is generally considered a nui sance and ia not harmful pc/ se. Despite this fact some state laws re quire grinding operations to be ven tilated. This requirement has prob ably leen a holdover frem the days hen sandstone wheels were preva lent and aUo to prevent the rreattoo of a nuisance condition. Grinding wheels in use in industry have arti ficial abrasive*, *u( h ns aluminum ox ide or silicon carbide. Emery. a nat ural product composed essentially of aluminum and magnetic oxide of iron, niev also l*e ued. A permiftaible linm of S<> niillion particles |wr cubic foot of air for aluminum oxide and silicon carbide as recently a-tepfed by the members of the American Confereiwv? of Governmental Indus trial Hygienists. Sim h a limit is Idera! and corxmtrations of such mag nitude are normally not encountered. W hm lead, silica, or some similar toxic material cornea in c<>ntat with the grinding wheel (lie exposure to the abrasive matter may be ignored and the exposure evaluated on the basis of the toxic material. If this Utter material u controlled, the nui sance will also be eliminated. Ventilation systems for grinding wheels have been fnirly well itand- . rdizrd and generally are satisfictory to prevent a nuisance. HomU dwuld enclose ihr wheel as completely as is practicable. Air volume# should be sufficient to cause an inward flow Into the hood when using the smallest wheel. This ii eijw* ally true where toxic materials are involved. fee inewy, icy j+m mm# h e r q a p ik t --- a 4 a harp * * * . . . be<oo4 <AjH ip*kM or# o hoxord. TH* S A FE-H I jp tk t Is se lf. orp*r\ing t . , olwoys thorp 'tff1Uj.l|f .irl.?-i'3:e2iv-xX iaal 3 3 2 3 S 2 T S 5 SrtH >t*f year tvftty d*al*r or w rit vt ROSI MANUrACrillUN CO. t7 H Arar*^M 5. C,. I, Col. Wet Grinding Dafile#, hooda, and guards am gen erally located near wet grinding wheels to prevent dispersi<<n of the liquid used as coolant. Tliete de vice# are usually, sufficient In c<m<rd live duat if it ia noutoxic in niturr. If the dust liberated It toxic., me chanical exhaust ventilation nmy he irquiffd. Strftag end TolUkliif Huffing comj>oumls applied In u >. . ; j u -,, . V j"' 1 : M 'i-i'tv -: -:':;X [ r-t.v-: ''M' ' tei u-cil for lmfling a id |oli*hirg . i i conqMvxiliim. Waxen and vari mi txjvc of abrj*ivr* arc the mapr 4i> |h nent.x. Tlvrv matMsU. plus I tin* a mI Tillers from the he*h arr j ll,. r-mtial ingredients of t)*e airJm-mic dust. Tlve toxicity i dependent j iiI.ii die tvj>e of abrosivN Generally >n id.-lion in provided to improve lint-el erpmg and reduce the numlier ,.f or iplaiot an<l n<4 l*e*aue of the lia/.ir<? to health. M o ck ln ln g vm*'ke from odx parte in lite prevallili,* Nuirif if air ct nLtniuiation at ins hining o{teratin*. jllfvw* ha im>I b r n attributed to this tvpe of fx|Ht**ire. As is lite ca` with moat fume and duals of the nuisarxe vara rti. bale known as to what eJTcct ia h materials have >n existing l>hviial abpormolitiea. Ma* hining ojverations on *te! pro* dine large (hip*, or tu r n in g s con* ae<pK"t)>. dut is m-t a problem . Ojvrratiovs inv<dving the tnachbvtng of hivh lead allovs h are te e n i-tudied, and ai^nihcant qoantitiei o f airborne lead l ave not been denw trstrsled. (in p h itr whirl Ietxi k* su b o rn e Jurin;: live ntachiuing of c.i4 iron i# not considered phxaiolog oallv signifi cant, ind therefore, is c la rifie d as a m u n ire du*t. tr r q u r r il) manage* n*-nt considers It advisable to p ro vide ventilation for tJve machine hich are productive of tie moat j du*t, graphite on live clothing and person and surrounding m aebinery is conducive to many com plaints, A broriv* C tf a n lr f ''i n 't siln a a recog'iizeil as the nvwl liarmful of rnineiaJ d ista, an adempiale ventilation MStem is n o r mally provided at the tim e of instat isi ion of com m erciati) built s a n d blast equipm ent. Conti nuouv usage and I wk of m ai.itrnant t result in a break down of adequate conttol. Visi*/ blr* r* *a|>e of dut is the bewt *>ideTvce th.(t this has occurred m d it is ad tivibN to correct such a c-mdittnr ilho it undue dola). Kjnployees !> are stationed ir bL*t rooms are d ep etid m t u;*on per miai respiratory e q u ip ia e n t Drvic "f th %tvpe are <*f the vupplied-a! 'ricly, and ir n rtrsiary that th flu providetl he fr-*e of harn ful cor lniin tnta. Air cotriprevor# ^touW b I'* air f In an a tra free -if w U am ini vAlierwiae the ron aminsnt wi! hr Umsmitted to live laim et U totf K an. itU jr^'T repntjrr i r- Normally. ventilation within tin* rimiii i provided w a* to improve viability and to lirlp pirvrnt lh<r r*- ra|r of dut to the surrounding area, not to reduce live concentration of ilira dust to * sefe loci. TunihUst or rotating tabic tyjx of and blast unit should l>e provided with iftirient ventilation to prevent the escape of silica du*t. leakage due to rxrevsive wear should I** remedied. Small sandblast cabifiet, where the |erator control the J>lat noizlrs (mm outside tlie cabinet, frequently have faulty seals around live doors or th<; rubier gauntlet are loose or torn. ITte dust which escape* from the cabinet through thrive opening is in close proximity to t)e. breathing tone of the employee and in many instances exceed# the permissible bm* it for silica. This leakage should lc rorreitcd and the mf* slumld not l*e required to use respirators. If the arti< Ics being Maled are free of silica or other toxk material, live dint resulting from grit or shot blast ing s classified in the nuisance cate gory. It follows that the maintenance of ventilati ig systems for grit blast ing, although desirable, is not always o necessary as for sand blasting. The use of steel grit or shot in blasting rooms produces excessively high concentration* o . dust withiu the rrxlciure. It is lltrrefore, rvcceasary to protect tlie worker within tlx* room. The remark* concerning sand* Masting rooms are therefore, perti nent when considering rooms in winch rtrel grit or shot are used as the abrasive. Abrasivo dusts irritate workm en and IsftESJ D.ST COLLECTORS slow production. Eliminate them with TORTT Dust Collectors or# comptetsfy wdf-corv ils Syr''?? ' tolned units that ore gttochad ot the machine. Abrasive dvtt* pau through tpork-rveoof Alters and the cleaned air is redrcvlafed. ^ TORtT Oust Collectors ore eoiy to Install, eco- nomica! to operate, ond moy be moved as l l '''/Z r,r)-'st production layouts ore changed, i ; : ', . v ; 4 V i ' S i,M ranV " Q ('em V i HP to 3 , : Hir ' j. 1 1 H P, and Tilting otl to rd o rd rfcwj- ; : Vi.'- '&' " ' O ' wh*i, 0f* avaflobl for hn*diof* dt- j 7 L-'t ii H w y . f w d*iail* and lo u it J llliP I lT R i T "J TOSfTcalotoji wr# V f e ^ V ^ S M i f S C T f l l S CO JJ~"11 tRyf.iKrr1-fe!Tr. .^ rnr. .P.AmCl I. K..imni r.*sjcr:.m -C T m am nB X $i:eee 74 - ' ;; \a|>or hlaMirg. a vitrhitioi. o f,' void Masting, is a comparaiivelr ro- - -enl development. This proecdute iu* volvcs the use of fine silica and vratej.. under pressure. The silica used in ,' vapor blast units varies in sire and. may even be a* small m 1250 inr*h ' (approximately 10 microns). It h* ' ,, generally believed that airborne tihea particles below 5 microns are ov>q > significant in causing silh'ou'. It then follows th.it operations involving live use of silica abrasive whose ini tial particle siie approatlw* that' order of magnitude are more ha;ard- , ous, and, require continual vigilance . , in maintaining good contreT ft is, ; therefore, essentia! that the sapor blast cabinets be maintained so that of mist does not occur. 0 Good housekeeping is also r m - tial as spillage of the sand and water 1 sludge upon the floor will creole a source for dust dissemination when the water evaporates, likewise, non- taineis of live dried sludge should not ' 1* allowed to stand in the fa- tory ! where they ean be influenced b> air"' currenta of high velocity. Practically all industrial plants, have operations which involve the ; use of lead base bearing metid or '-! r n.t i . -ppr) .. Iren *i *( ib ^-e-wlrnt V*d1<b It I v-.l.k r m bub prf'f \ eumii tit uns a lh- (|uevti. of i ot rn nut) rial v rvul l l*e j trial hygu opci stion as die trm t%U ated^ ce* solde snd the t nvs ure* ll is a f ju rrs Uln anw unis, wlx re leaf siderahle enc** cert pro luce < othi*r pra< to ie hat re d d tha do not r a snk'cr is a trie solder due to th use) and of the me When tl gas fired I lc of g r which rer. into cont* >ul verible sin >unU o unto ihe wh re il c dia d . Tlw ione airl rested by nr placing furoeee. I 'requer. reeummen \idid foe thereby r du t from patkular! where mir toned by rle -tries!!* sojtler is fw torx. 1 mi re v d i grw ler wi K a tta u f la M p tttw a, f* * r* irp , IfT? TIF-i - = . '.v v 'r 1 r-li i; ' in*, - v n iio n o( ,'/ a <vmparairvelr t*. f" at' This prucodutt \a* [ f fine 1km auod v/tlrf . The lie used in/* t^variee in aiae st>d. >null e 1250 i*f>b ' 10 mieuma), It ' td that airborne *ilk : 5 mkrona are sxxt causiog Uhxxst. ]| t uper.itione involving i abrasive whoer ini* is# approaclw* that',nde are more hiiarde continual vigilance., good control. Jt ia,'' dial that the i apor e maintained eo thatJoea not occar. ?eping is al?o r an i- i 4 the aand and i*aler t floor will creete a dissemination ^brn rate. Likewise, coo led sludge should not stand in the fa* lory ' be influenced b- air i velocity. R industrU; plant which involve tl* e bearing melrl oe ,,11* 4 ^.HvtsTrafS " ; 0 PA.?KI> 0 I.*. few, tfft i !.Ur. Rabbit! f a r in g metal oonUlni: w pproximatrly 75 p e r c e n t trad }, n r f*ecn encountered. TVe rom|Hi* i; it uf older metal is w im b le and d* r odent upon the purpose for `<Kh it it used, with ordinary oft l l<r containing a oornptratively bJi percentage of lead. \ uming that the babbitt or older i *ut tins a significant airvun>. of lead, tbf uc^tion tlien arises as to whether to t employer worl ing with this nuf rial will become ill. T ht answrr nil l>e given by a qualified iodus* trial hygienist after he bad acen die -petition and considered st* h factor* at li e temperature to which the metal t< 1 ated, the method of removing ex* ic*% older, the length of 'povure, and the efievtrvtincaa of tho control me urea prorid<rd. h ia a weQ known fact tliat lead <u.*-et illness if ubsorUd in excessive jnu unU, and therefore operations sherc lead is used hart received con* odrrahle study. Out i f this expert* rno certain practice am known to pro luce exce**hc exp>urr where >lh r practice* have bten proved ih< lo '*e harmful. It is generally cot* ccd-d that excessive conantralioo* do not resuh from oj>xati< ns where **!<er is applied by means ef an clctstric so'dermg iron. Tbia is probably due to the small amoonU of older u.^l and the comparatively low heal of '.he metsl. V-Tien the iron U hoard ia a small ps fired furnac*% the exposure may lc of greater coneeq uenci'. Solder wh;ch remains on the irou coming ml* contact with the flame or heat is vul >erable for volatilUatk n. Small m unts of older drof frorn the iron nio the hot foor of thr furnace wl re it is readiiy volitUind or oxi* 1/d . The oxidised material may be* tie airlm rre due to dis'urbancas rr itrd by the fame or by removing r placing the *oldcfi ig ir m in the furnare. f r^uently industrial hygienists rcfim m erd that vmtibitiori bo pr<*\ided (or lu ti n g unit* of (hi* tyoe, thrreby removing lrd frmc xvf du t from the e.ivironmcn , 'Thia is pa ticularly true in m a ll rooms or where many unit! are in etc. \tm osphcrlr ronlaiomation occn* orKd by the use of cith r gas or r\r iricelly healed |>its containing vJder is drpi'Jent on a rum ber of fa* tor*. With hlgliTT trmj>cralumi nx re voUiilirxtiou veil! occur and tl p.r aW will l-o tio c i^ ^ u re With tlx tfjittfsJ f^fsiy Kew, l4fl r ill-- higher bmjvii >tuic the mci.il u more readily oxidi/^d to produce i J r o i consisting of a high percetilAf- of lead oxide. IT* dross niay provide a protective coiling to rrduce the vola* tiluaticn of tby lend; hoever, dis turbance of thil coating viR 'c reate an exposure. As a safeguard against rxernsive contamination, pots containing solder or babbitt are u*uHy ventil.itrd. Wherever ptiwible, it is advisable to enclose the j>ot a cowpbOety as posOde and provide ullkient air vol* ume to overcome the thermal effect* o f iln itxdico oietaU Attempts haws b>xn nvde to use natural draft y*r\* till tion )stems to contnd theae funxw a'xl In those ineUncrs where the din t were rx-l of sufficient diameter the t)ilent was Inadequate. A preferidde method * the ie of mechanical sys* tens. T )h temoval of excess solder nilli powadriven tools, such a grinding wbcelt, discs, or wire wheels, create tbont' dust which may lontatnin* at< larg'* areas if the operation is ex* tetaive. Diligent use of brash e cloth will also rerurlt in cxcesie conren* im M h? mmmm& Tm m scm .. WORKERS ARE SAFER in ; stAafe ^PROTECTIVE 6ARMEN1S m 'A>: " rV n j.a ii.ii' Dev{tills borwa mod laJidea threat cw worker tu t properly protected frem the Ru'srfala they wae. StaSafe Pis* tectWe Uunaeats are deals* to give 8 1V.' Ci! i the werkcr axiom protectloo. - ! ij -'. ',- y ! ; . Oils and Gresise Acids and Caustics Tars and Creosote Pftint3 and Lacquers Nnphthn and Solvents Finnic. Each of these represents a /wtortial lost time accident. Protect your workern acninst these haj^irds by standardizing on Sln3afc Protective Garments. Slock m odth so h t mtny vobltmt; S tt-U tr f I fre t d ti![n tenrUt r ill d e rd a p * new rood11 or m odify en rx iitm f m to to lrr Jtjur tp ttie l n f t i y f-ro&ltm. Wrift l*f BWirti. So. ICS Stfti!flfe Pmducts i are manufactured br .'Hoi*- - - -1 l :`4 u 'i STANDARD SAFf.TY I0U3PM ENT COMPANY JJ2 Wi it Ctrt*rle Sir u t , Okie? 10, llllrolt N lvrsis . . CltVIlfttlD - lOSAMOIII U>aeiiiiju aiwe>t^fjig n~rm nrt irT frari n a n n wmiwg--seenitiimia i i i 11' 1 N/p-H 11,'-ij*<**IV* -i ! 'il V-H'^> F;?I -'Hwbk i mm . ;>/.L l ' - lb , <,{ .A'..*-.;'- jfi ; -'.rill: l< 'wt.yy^ftrrg-y 'h ** (ration of lead filici, f ih n g . h o w rx rr. h ljti'-n lo <o tiu o l tn xic ma- v*,trI (low of ait from the fa. lory i do lation. A cm > n<( pr<*du.1ivr i.f *m.iil p a r ti. Ir* l.'M al* -dt.ndd !* . iiM illr.l, o lh eiw rse tin- IxM.th. I n<h*r three circumstan :e* n 1ices tl>e \uls and p r e f e r r e d m r f tlr* ijm' n f pm v e r d m r n tool- I f filin g ** f,'t p r a .lu a b lr , it v<tII be ne* e s s a i) lo j j o v i d r porne t >v* of a . o-tlv Miteni miglit he erri tal uni Ijler fooml rntirrlv inefTc ti\r. frequenti) polder innovai qx*raIloti* r.qim e thr use of porlahlr timi* no pr.n deal aniount of air could be reino\ed from thr Imoth to red er the lend i onrentratiori to a safe ic rl. ami therefore i* is nrccaanry that the x . !e tire bath i? n- effect whdr tl \ 'quale xmtiUtib rovided for ha m echanical ve n tilatio n system fr th r w*Mer rem oval operations invo lving un I.irpe ubject* an<l a l<x al cibatisi )*trtn wnuld nt I r effettive, as is men working therein be provided with adequate jvcrsonal protective ie* n , plete an end f.-i the operation (lie use of power tool. S u x r th {w*t- th rase in thr fahriiation of urto- \ ices. *.:ii*jhlc with air m ise rile lim it generally a. rp tn l for lead i I..') m illig ra m s per 10 <tibie m eters of a ir (T> 1 rul>n feet I t v%ill I e netT**ary to h a \ r an clTcch ve m * tern to p ro vid e a llu p ia te c o n tr o l Kng in ce r* e xp e rie n ce d in d esig n in g ven- molile IhmI ic*. (renerai contamination of th fa< tory wrth h ai) diM ha Ihth eliminate! bv nn lo*inp th entire opeiation in a l.trge Untili and exhaustmg a swflicirnt piantiti of dir {rom th eminente to in*urr a lorislanl in- Heat Treatin j High tenijH*raturrs are a frequml Miurre of complaint from employ;** in heat treat department hut si ;h .nditioiia and their control are not within the subject under discussion. Fumes from cyanide *pots are of-en associated . with cyanide* used ns r: t iifxm ifve o|>en T.. pre'ent conta fr..n volatiliutioi !at ng in the cor the products of cc fir. d lead pots slm out doors and not 1 j.,!; into the worl fumigant* or ns the lethal agent in death chambers, and supervision a* Asbestos used well aa the employee become* ip- of brake lining U prrhrnsive. Furne* from such a source ful rompound. Tl ifi arc irritating and because of Mi* ulT- ndinp agent in projserty should be adequately sen- the lung ailment k tilaled. The irritant nature of the Tl:** harmful rfirs fume is caused by alkali formed uj on llu t of tilica and decomposition of the cyanide. ,,f 'i.fxm.OOO wrlK Molten lead i* sometime* used a* cubic foot ' a hardening mtdiudi for mrlrU. f re- re< ogntred. quenlly charcoil or some similar ma Dust ex|K)uirt terial is placed on the surface of the utl er ingmlirnts metal to conserve heat and p re s e t rvt when the ha idled and rmpl an I in tire >ul*cq sil ting, prindinjt, pounds of lead a in brake linings, fn m this si.urr'e nored. Ix>cal exh pr *|>erlv designee THIS IS THE MEW ANTI-SKID TOE CLIP *u'r* are used ti fr. m thewe oj>erati "SANkEY" Fool Guards are now available with a rubber antiskid Iron Fcracfrlos toe dip %-inch longer than formerly used. "SANKEY** FOOT The principal i> GUARDS consist essentially of a metal shield to be worn ever the dr\ dust* are *iU shoe who-viver the foot t in danger of being either crushed or cut. The metal shield is designed to furnish a maximum amount of pro tection to the entjro front of the foot--not merely the toes alone, but also to the instep against haiards from falling, rollinq or flying object*, or from accidental tool blow*. Write for literature or e trial pair. ELLWOOD SAFIETY APPLIANCE COMPANY 21? SIXTH STREET ELLWOOD CITY. RENNA. ?Tr?r I : -1 .s`; :r J I*.-.: ' ' y i 'rA'i ;j?`*.S Ilandy-Jack ST.UR STAaD it tko to lmbisf probi**'. ipdt wp wofk. rodvest fi, * I ri Wmee* frTtctoflt with wo Imi <1 oe iti aIn. Stasd H ldl l< t cWs**^. lonrtcU^, ro<kn?, t kxdl'q itoci Is *nd ovt ol bUi s i iheMsf. . fSwo* IscUd froofth, l$M rofk ampio pUH.n*> paco. ait kt* i 9ard raB, HAND) - JACW lor a r^td tlasd . f lla d tubisi ad lalaetod vwi'', paistpd Itti tw coati m a in a sit an*mok wtk esopeo** KooU. M i avalIaUo In vaHooi modali. Wito fri (orlKoe Ulonoatios. fotoota for an 1 parting com dominant matetia! w| on which phne I>i *t ition is l*eing iteration i bein co trol of dust m w! erraa fume is o ta kt. \ discussion o| lh ' industrial hv -h plant* would lr< attse. For the p should ht Mitficif >} vimi* poun'e* > h >uld be reduced adequate Ioca lire In a mecKanieod I w-uM be sand <or equipment, tn or tv lore remoxa r%U<: f i -`'if,'. . / "" `7: : the U* lory i ity ** rircum s'.an "f ir couitl lx* *'kth to red ice I to a safe Ic tl, cessar/ that Jx n ^ b e provi.'ied d p to ln live ie- are a frrq um l from em ployiez lien t but *i:.*b o n lro l are tot 3*r discusaio v e*jx>t* are ofien nides used at lethal agent in supervision as e becomes ,ipm such a on roe realise of lids idequately senn atu re o f the ill f-irm rd uj on cyanide, etim e uaed as for meti Is. i te rne lim iU r : ia- su rface of the it and prevent ) , L IIR S T .il D MKf ptwW*'. ts ((N , i rtk m I m i 1 i u u .a h ' *<k9, pn mi f U h s i k ffkt .. *Hf U y i hano >*d. IrH </ VHC', H t > N '1 itk . w ,lu h ' 1 CO^ IN C . hmf f, K W t t H J } II ft t' r i i. i f F 1 f Ifi4 h rpxh i Ijtio n . A covering of this type : jrn lle vu b itiliza t on of lean ! e the bath is q u ie * r n t , but has t ffecl whde the bath is in u*e. quale ventilation should therefore I- rovided fo r b a lk * o f th is type- A s plHe an enclosure as is p ractiral f- the oj>eration being p erfo rm e d , is a*hi.iMe w ith air q uantities depend* n i upon the open area in the hood. T.. prevent co ntam in atio n i fau ltin g ii vo la tilisa tio n o f lead accumuh i tig in the cornbu^ti in ch am ber* die products of c c m b u siio n f-ora gas fin d lead pots *houlk.l>e vent 'd to the outdoors and not l * allo w e d to disaipHt? into the w o rkro o m . A sb esto s Asbestos used in the for nutation .>f brake lining is a pohntially harm* ful compound. This in itcriul is the ..ll-nding agent in the prodretion of the long ailment known as a-'bestosis. Th harm ful rfT nt is c impnrable! to t!w t of silica and a prrni*iMe limit .if j.OOO.Oti*l paitick's of a**! dos dut jxr cubic foot of air U generally rn ogni/rd. Ihi4 exjw>*ures to alrtlo* and other in g red ien ts o f tin bra .e lin in g r v s t when the d ry m ate iials are bandied and einotied into lb-* m ixe rs an I in llie *ulr-*qoent o p rr -lion s of sit lin g , g rin d in g , or s u T a t i'ig . (kun{Hjnds o f lead a re ao -w tiu ie * used in b rake lin in g s , and o n ta iu n a lio n fr* nr th is so u rce shoo'd nt |e ig nored. I x k 's I e ih e u ft system s wit) pr-jerlv designed fu n d s n r enclosue* are used to ren ove the dust fr-m these o p e ratio n s. Iron F o tffld rl** The principal ingredients of foun* drv dusts arc silica, a roil, clays, and parting conq>ounh. Hie predf minant material will le drjwmlent uj on which plishe of tie foundry oper iljon is K ing studied rnd what operation is Irung prrhirned, 'Hie control of dust is the n ajor problem, si erras fume in of w r wnUiy impor ts kt. \ d iM ijssio n o f a ll live nspccta of lb * in d u stria l hygiene p ro blem s in *< h p lan ts w ould re q u ire n separate tr-a lise . f o r tin* jre<M*i t ili tission it 'h >u!d lie M iitie ic it In tat-- that a ll "I vimi K u irre s o f dust dispersion h iu ld be reduced to n m ir lm u m l*v adequate localized e xia u st yslrm a In a m ochaniied founr ry iu h place* wi uhl be sand <o n d ilu -n in g and rnix equipm ent. tum bling m ills, shake >t lAx ro r c rem o val am i km - kout t*. lion, transfer point of dry mukI, abrasive blasting opeialion? and all grinding operations perform *! on castings containing appreciable quan tities of Mnd. Maintenance of ventilation equip* merit ia a m ajor item in foundries because of the abrasive a<tion of die dust. It i$ imjverative that a good program be maintain*! so e* to keep the equipment functioning at maxi* mu/m e/Bcienev. Because of the heat fiMxiriated with large stale foundry rcliviti** i. is a common sight to *ee prdrst.il fans or it lo J u t g ducts does ted iq och a m annei as to create croaa d ta fts w id th in te rf'* jc w ith the efficient reinoval o f d i:*t. Hotter placement* of tlw-sc f in s n r d uct* w ill go fa r iq re ducing dust concentration* in the ar^as where they are used. Itespirofory Profwctlv Davlctt Aft<*r the o b vio u s has been c o n e d * cd. it is advisable that a survey of the foundry be made by an industrial hygienist so that an accurate rvnloat k n o f live exp o su re m a y be ob tained. As has ben taletl, the atm ospheric Safo-T-vis: iho {joggles that workers will wear Mo pvrtoT beccusa they're h o drc*wr T ! No b o c k p o c k o t So, the f,tnmor g<ll's cntchnil .mil the upper right hand cache may be full with the accumuta'ion of years, the poet, rt mry bulge-- but you won't find lightweight Safe7 -i /v there. S o t during u>or,king hours you won't ! Tho w a ly h t of t i o b a fr-T -vis Ic u v s , rn ad r from a new a IK I (.u t in g re s in , is a p jiro x im a t A the w rite av th .it of on* caw h a id c n c d g law lens d the sam e n/\ 8-H O U R C o m fort W o rk e rs find S a / r- 'r- v i lig h t weight, attractive and Comfort able W h a t a i h .m c r lrc in c Id tv |>c g r il le 's vshcwo w eight r ; uw * \orkm to rc tv o v r th r\ d u i u ^ cx jx w u rr to hazard ! 8 -HOUR ProtcsHon K r a i jiro 'i-c titx i orn<*s o n l. w h en gog;;|cs .n r w o rn 'hn> tch ^ u t the jx 'r u x l 'f c x jx 'w ir v . A n d o tnph tc p ro ttv tio n is tli>` on/y Ju iv Lion o f any safe tv goggle. (ml tlio y tu n SAFI Standard drop-hall tests prove Safe- T-vis' .ujx'riority over ordi nary eve protection. Saic-T-cis oiler' greater rirsist.incc to .ihr.oivn tlu n d otlicr plastic lenses. It irsi'tx ilw sin ssrs of hip;h vvhwity i:r,pi t. corrosion and other causes nf iidu'tii.il *yr injury to l!ic nnxit <n.u iit g spcxificatioas. Wn*r for lxx>klct giving com* plerc dcUils. a ^ U b rw ci^ k f prcr#<f/v* A t4 in i iNivv. lifts c o M i/x t, tr*M i, oa S ^ 9 t f /fsw*. hcMry. Tii t*r/-T-'v - I" V .........T - r -f i ; y Tt jg - y iT r ': r ^ i ? p ` ;f hi - ? b ;.v* i . i ' ; 1 1-'*A*f H rm M r f ib i.fr ii yh -:-: ^ sis .K it 'S f P 1 1e : .? ;iv.r? m it i M Bsj gx- j ' . ........................ j ; ,1;: ; :; l" e, Rii- r- -..ait; !w m i .&Mfi i-t U : y ..r, m . &\ <47 t! r. trfin m sim AW l :-uu 3 - : - 1''-WJ* I mu 'M iration of dut .in ti f u Mw* and mi h eRpiipmrnt rmift l v ieapnr! other in a te n .ilv m iav !* rrd m e d to .m d o n s lr u i t r tl fo r afe tv re *-11 <* y yry &iCi'5iifepj V jiif level tv adrquatr f*h a u * l ve n TO GET THE PROTECTIVE At- tilatio n . fn M.m* ca*es it i* po*ihlr PAREl. DESIGNED to PIT THE In t o u r 'll lilt ,o n d ltio n l> *id>litUt* MAM AS WEIL AS THf NEED ing a ]* t*ic m aterial If . menure* ar** rnt p r a t t n a , resp ira* f <r p ro c e s s in g re p jrein e n ta . IV * tfH 'hvc f^ quiprnetit sh o tilvl l>e p rovide! (o r u*e in i a * e o f p ovei f a d u <r fau ltv r>nihutio'i o n d itiiin n . f>. h i* lia r d lv n e c i-s s a rv p aav- |rrv p ro ie ttiv e *irvrr> nuiv I k* u*ed. (fia t m o v in g p a rta o f m a d m e r v YOU WANT IT- 1 hrv max aU> prc\e \a lu a h lc in giving; prole tm n d u rin g an emergen* *lnnld l*r g u arltl. ^ fo re v e r prar* ti a id e , neh g u a rd * p h o u ld l*e l u ilt <v r If prov n ir p ntrlio n fo r in* in I th e m i fim e rv . U tatU a9 tis m o n o m i apparel term ilte n t rip o n r r nr t< aupplem ent other Miel il h1 ..f m n trn l. T h e y d io n ld . h o w ever. not i*c rn n d d e rrd 7. In g en erai, hu ild -n g > tru tjrr* a n d r<)ijipm *ol /'<( in |}e -e^ m ip itnivjM tv are u h jrste lo rig-uou Kfr/e or 'phone: B A LTIM O R E C A R EY M CH Y i SURREY C O BIRM INGHAM SAFETY EN G. SURRLY C O . .1- the tlrx ira M r Mirali* of ontrolling a health lia/ard. Ceramic Plant ` F ro m j* rg r <r u*e. Fu m ea, h eat, dm * A id 'eavt I o jk I.w <r c a t r p ro h le ru ; ro n s e rftie n liv a re la tiv e |> h ig h f u t o r <f a fe ' v or fat to r o f iin erta ir tv s h o u ld I e jn . orpH iateti >n th d m ig n . BUFFALO THE ELWOOO COM RANY CAM BRIDGE. MASS 1 CUTTER. W OOD t SANDERSON CO C H A R I F.STON. W . VA. SAFETY FIRST SURRLY C O C H IC A G O RROTECTIVE EQUIRM ENT IN C CIN CIN N ATI THE E A. KINSEY C O C tEVEI AND SA I ETY FI It ST SURRLY C O M R A N Y COLUMBUS. C . I n t t. A. KINSEY CO Da yto n TMt E. A . KIN SEY C O DENVER E. U BU LLARD C O M R A N Y HOUSTON U-tncilmg m aterial a regnurd a* T h e ^ s o lu tio n o f tn .in v f t h o e a p m lih r o u ter o f at 'id riit* in in* p ro h le m a w d t r e v p iir r the <pet itm n d u * tn : co n *eq n rn tlv 1 i* a lurida* o f th e M r t v . prrKul*n an d e :t in * in rh ia ) that h a n d lin g *huh) )e kept e e iin g d e p a rtm e n t* , (' m p r t u n ^ if at a m in im u m tn avoid a ir id r n t s a* re q u ir e d . ahoulJ Ie thoe nere <*ary well a* to keep down o p eratin g coat*. fo r proenva rra a o n * . * in e e it i a r . ^ Nrrtrlv e v r r v cerami* p la n t kvswlrdgd lh a l live pTvce*a i the nnt lo ir large piantiti** o f finely p r im e re a a o n fo r th e p l.m t. ground m a te ria l. M an v M oragr ava* P la n n in g ih e o rig in a l dc**ign and lem * are of the deep Mn tvpe. Som r la vo u t and rlrrting evjuip n .ent w ith of the m a trri.iU do not flow f r r r lv , th e sa fe ty an g le in m in d w ill safe, anti )>erau*e o f force* drvelo|>cd in g u a rd th e in v e s tm e n t m w e ll i< te* d*rp g r a n u ljr m a te ria l. art lung take* <fue th e a u n ie n t r i* k * . r~ pl.t e. Often {vit g tr not p ro vided I k r r p m ateria] m oving to ih r hot* A L LIEO SAFETY EQUIRMENT C O IN O IA N A R O LIS THE E. A . KIN SEY C O LOS ANGELES E. D. B U LLA RD C O M R A N Y M ILW AUKEE RROTECTIVE EQUIRM ENT INC NEW YORK CITY W . S W ILSO N CORR > tom of llw l>i>, \% a r r* u lt , a wrker m u*l enter tin' h i fro m th r lop to grt t lir m ateria) in .tvin g . T V i* a daft* ger*m* o p eration lit when nr r - f j n *-Hfrtv liarnr* am i life Jm r *hnntd U* u *rti and a ttrn tian t* ta tio n u i n h e rr they an li**lp in an r n ir r p fn i v. DERMATITIS HEEDS MEDICAL CASE I 350 b RH IIAD ELRH IA r , TM urUg h IA L M 0 C U C ,S C O m m n y Sa f e t y f ir s t s u r r ly c o m f a n y ROCHESTER THE ELW OOO COM RANY ST. LO U IS SAI ETY IN CO RRO RATED S A IT 1/ KE CITY UNIVERSAL SAFETY a p p l ia n c e C O SAN FRAN CISCO E D. B U LLA RD C O M R A N Y SEATTLE i --U BULLARD COMRANY SYRACUSE SYRACUSE SURRLY COM RANY W H EELIN G Sa f e t y f ir s t s u p p l y c o m p a n y WHECLEH PROTECTIVE APPAREL. Inc. Fo>i.rlr Lno n , , F. H W F .,1 ., m i , c . . Sili ate anti lira or q u art/ re p rim arv (m urrini in n<arlv a ll of l l i r t r r n im r im tj*tr jr*. A l* o , lh r*e n ia lr r ia a arr* grnt*r.illv u*rd in a h n rlv prMM.i *tat\ A a r ^ u ll tln*rr a r r manv cIm* i p m ld cm . U huv th** f r r r pili a mi dut% i fin rlv di* u d u . worker* ti them art* poten tial \ n tint* o f d ir >*i. Kit}j.*r I w orker* nm*t wear rra-m atorn or du*t mut l< retnoyrvi fro m the wuk , pia r l> e \h au *t ve n tilatio n will a s.f d u 't Urvtnr* (."M lrn l o f liMt imnltl U* a m a jo r i'i'nnefatii> in ilo* ceram i' plant Nt o n lv ia di*t in jiiri'M . lo w n t k r r , l'ut t im Iv i hMmful ti* m a t h i n e r i , S tri It* a t t b t C m w w ltl S^UMOrMA-C Mat ClAAAtAf Ip C I*# *>! t.*f c** *d (>Nitl . . . r*** *^0 dirt, A, ffH H , M* l*r, BA*. A1* ** a1* vvfVt (t Vit^kUA M *xf *kW Hi (* p( i f 4 (I** t*/*l*lt> * ? *l*m*t1 (H. * ic' rAAU^ % b1a. cR"b1>a *<U. ` " * L*it A H I 1 !>>* + 4 lttf iH*`, ***f,l Sr4 tp tiM *vt Ht U V lH A*n*al IM, w>tk It j f - t I ia. hR*l. Wrt- t J24 W . Huron S L Ckl.<>o TO. III. ; eom p lu a le* h o u sekeep ing , am i pm * ^OAAr^lAf tttA H aa4 i e l lA ^ e tlr r " Iim '* g rn e ra llv unatilai tr v work* Jrpg, ing condition. o. O p rra lio n o f k iln , tank and fo n ia < n r e v n l a o t li r r lw trA rd . U f i* ^ m m E S s M ) . ?tit >'v;rg?(r.zr*r*t\\ ./ . :L ' Iti n th e re , d ie )io - s ,l,ilit % , , f r i p h . r.rTxrrjiTti - io li* am i t e f r .n t o n faillir*. .M I Ifl cil of : *r-n fn a* v (ojve 'r '.** KiV o i. d tool 1|<- k* k ill i.r dtfave* i-r t 1 lo k aU t.* Ie I ( /euni thi**u| h nn m do n* v tV into t r fl- it >m ll If! liti* Coil* t*'U ynd Ih-w , *r flj ruh it ch plavrti ove ,..d * Id i ih t> o m f i not re d pfo|ei pn frving. Re .f atnred >uf`je ct to rapiti! . fV a r in piovre: for leu. n i n o of tim**. all a r r r t tin i il) h iv r I rondit on i ihan i net (. iTiem vegeta')]? e hv u x 'ta ! rAa. Nevei near * ura^ come ;n co a id f im o rj*e: trt dn*uld al*o Fail t an menta: t r R o a t ii* |i R o i tine pa t of ctam. ft a rpond hie mitiTi nia fe t t) e ptr< i'*j*e t n th In q firtAt ( I in m i ,- ..r '*. : JLr. . V i'*; * -.'.'` r/.l'e ' 1 vv^:T.. , ( *. V.v .:*.*l " * ' v., ;:^ii\ ? & ' :w m