Document N1jeYZeV2GQaKpoednQQkaVb

0 Remarks by THOMAS 0. MATHUES Vice President General Motors Corporation % Washington, D.C. before the Asbestos Information Association September 17, 198D 105569 011455 produced by ford SCF-ALLF-08260 Thank you, and good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. It's a pleasure to have been asked to take part in today's program. The proper and safe use of asbestos is obviously an. area of vital interest, and I know from experience that programs of this type can be extremely helpful in all our thinking. General Motors is a large user of asbestos fiber and asbestos-containing products. We use these materials in many of our products, including passenger cars and trucks, buses, off-road vehicles, diesel-electric locomotives, and powerplants for stationary applications. They also are incorporated in some plant-maintenance items and other non-production materials. Both applications are used in General Motors operations around the world. But, in order co address the specific interests of this group, I vould like to confine my comments today to our North American operations. _ ,,,, 011456 Asbestos is Just one of hundreds of toxic materials vhich are constantly under study at GM. And, before we go further, let me make a distinction between "hazardous" and ."toxic" materials. All chemical materials are, to some extent, inherently toxic. Ordinary tap water, for instance, is toxic -- though, obviously, to a very low degree. With improper use, however, toxic materials can become hazardous. If this room was filled with water right now, we would be faced with a rather hazardous situation. 4 General Motors Corporation has, for years, been committed to protecting our employes by recognizing, evaluating, and controlling exposure to toxic materials. To a large extent, these programs are only now being required by various regulations. PRODUCED BY FORD 2r It Is our continuing practice to evaluate all materials prior to their use. The evaluation considers inpaet on the environment, health', product performance, and cost, including the cost of government control. Thus, if a material we might be considering requires environmental assessment, or the administration of medical examinations to employes, those costs are also included. We are prepared to change present practices, when there is need to do so. For example, when it became accepted by the medical community that excessive air-borne exposure to esbescos fiber was more hazardous than previously thought, we re-evaluated our use of the mineral. Workplace and ambient air quality were monitored. Employes were given medical examinations designed to determine the presence of typical abnormalities caused by asbestos. New processes are continually being investigated and substitute materials are being sought. The use of asbestos fiber and asbestos-containing products was reviewed by local GM plant hazardous naterials control committees. The committees are composed of people knowledgeable about production processes, chemistry, and health and environmental effects. They evaluate all present or potential materials and recommend safe methods for storage, handling, use, and disposal. As a result of all this review and testing -- which is continuing today -- we revamped our asbestos-related operations at many GM plants. The changes required a significant investment . . . hut resulted in improvements in the environment and in the protection and preservation of employe health and safety. 011457 PRODUCED BY FORD Let me emphasize that we did this la response to new medical findings. Much of our work occurred before the federal government published its asbestos rules. One phase of our evaluation of asbestos considered availability and cost of control. We do not foresee an imminent supply problem with grades currently m use at Ceneral Motors. But the legislative and regulatory climate is uncertain, and the cost of the continuing use of asbestos may be dependent upon the existence of stringent compliance requirements. For example, if the exposure limit is reduced to that which HIOSH has proposed, our compliance costs will certainly increase. However, if che limic is not as stringent as presently proposed by N10SK, we feel that with some added processing and cooling expense we could meet the standard in most of our operations. Based on current information, however, we do not see an urgent need to curtail all asbestos usage. But we do believe alternate materials must be examined, should che need arise, for economic or health reasons, to replace asbestos-containing materials. Thus, we agree that nonessencial uses of asbestos should be controlled whenever adequate substitutes are readily available . . providing those substitutes are economically' feasible, and providing they will not result in any new health risks. 011458 A.t General Motors, our largest use of asbestos is in friction materials such as the 5-6 million sets of brake linings' and about 44 million clutch facings we produce each year. Other uses Include various gaskets, sound deadeners for metal, fillers in mastics and adhesives, and some electrical component parts. We also use construction materials containing asbestos -- concrete, asbestos pipe, roofing felt, and floor tile, for example. PRODUCED BY FORD We believe there is a basic distinction between processes using raw asbestos fibers and those using asbestos-containing materials. Whenever loose fiber is used, we exercise great caution to minimize the potential release of fibers to the work place or the ambient environment. The same care is used whenever asbestos materials are handled in such a way chat loose fibers could be generated -- for example, in cutting asbestos paper or grinding a brake lining. For many asbestos-containing materials, such as adhesives, brake linings, mastics, and floor tiles, the asbestos is bound in a matrix. This matrix is either flexible -- as in tar-based sound deadeners ---- or highly durable, as in Concrete asbestos products. In these kinds of materials, asbestos fiber generally is not released during our manufacturing processes unless the material is misused. , In our view this is an important distinction. In considering risk analyses, or in considering regulations and standards, we think it is important to differentiate between applications involving loose fibers and those involving non-friable materials or encapsulated fibers. 5uch differentiation is not the case today -- and it should be in our opinion. The techniques and devices used by Ceneral Motors are designed to control the release of asbestos fiber. 811459 Recently, there has been considerable discussion about the use of substitute materials for automotive friction products. While asbestos substitutes are being used m some light duty brake systems, we have not found effective substitutes for many other applications. Various substitutes for asbestos in clutch plates have been investigated, but no suitable alternatives have been found. PRODUCED BY FORD V > A -5- s Certain products, therefore, will probably continue to contain or use asbestos. So we should avoid any ban on use and distribution of either original equipment or replacesent parts for which there are no substitutes. Ia most v cases, for example, non-asbestos brake linings, if Installed as replacement parts, will not provide suitable performance in older brake systems designed for asbestos linings. In such cases, the configuration of the entire braking system has to be changed. Changes of this magnitude would require extensive and costly nodificacions and testing. Since ve cannot recommend substitution of non-asbestos linings m brake systems designed for asbestos, an adequate supply of replacement asbestos linings should continue to be available. This same situation wiJLl hold for friction materials used as clutch facings in both manual and automatic transmissions. . General Mocors does not use body fillers containing asbestos. However, sound deadeners today contain asbestos as an inert filler. The matrix doesn't dry to the point of becoming brittle, nor is it sanded or ground during vehicle production. Thus, asbestos fibers used in sound deadeners and other types of undercoatings really do not constitute in our opinion a ready source of air borne asbestos fiber. However, we are encouraging development of substitutes for most asbestos-containing mastics, sound deadeners, and the like. For example, mineral wools, and glasif'fibers may be effectively substituted in some applications. Perhaps some products can be reformulated to eliminate the need for fiber fillers. But we recognize that the substitute fillers may be more tostly. 011460 PRODUCED BY FORD - 6- In conclusion, let me say chat General Motors Corporation has a long standing commitment to protect the health and veil-being of ics employes, the general public and the environment. While ve encourage the use of materials having little or no hazard, ve are prepared to continue using materials that require more extensive controls whenever substitutes are not available. We are proud -- justifiably -- of our record of'safety in dealing with potentially hazardous materials. And I assure you, we will pursue every effort to continue that safety record. Once again, it has been a great pleasure to take part in this program. Thank you very much. . 04 6 j 011461 PRODUCED BY FORD