Document MoywqOQRgD1bMwG6JjQaMdDR9
-P
Johns-Manville Sales Corporation
Ken-Caryl Ranch Denver, Colorado 80217 (303) 979-1000
March 5, 1982
PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT
W. H. Smith & Associates P. 0. Box 678 Flora, IL 62839
Dear Harry:
Life doesn't seem to slow down and I feel I'm getting further behind every day.
I have however drafted a short section on A/C pipe for the AWWA Corrosion Manual. I presented this to the other A/C producers on comment through the A/C Pipe Producers Assoc. They must be more behind than I for I've not received any comment during the four or five months they have had my rough draft. I am therefore presuming that what I wrote has concurrence of the A/C industry.
Sorry it took so long to get this to you. I look forward to seeing you in Miami.
Sincerely yours,
G./^ ^
^e
H. L. Olson, Manager Environmental & Engineering Development
HLO:bj a
cc: Jav Baker - Certainteed
Lee Taylor - CAPC0 I
Joe Jackson - AACPP
attachment
CAPCO JEN 0020203
FOR AWWA CORROSION MANUAL Asbestos Cement Pine
Asbestos-cement pressure pipes for water transmission and distribution are manufactured in accordance with the follow ing AWWA Standards:
AWWA C400
AIWA Standard for Asbestos-Cement Distribution Pipe, 4 In. through' 16 In. (100 MM through 400 MM) NPS, For Water and Other Liquids.
AtJWA C402
AWWA Standard for Asbestos-Cement Transmission Pipe, 18 In through 42 In. For Water and Other Liquids
Other AWWA standards relating to asbestos-cement pipe are
AWWA C401
AIWA Standard Practice for the Selection of Asbestos-Cement Distribution Pipe 4 In. through 16 In. for Water and Other Liquids
AWWA C403
AWWA Standard Practice for the Selection of Asbestos Cement Transmission and Feeder Main Pipe, sizes 18 In. through 42 In.
AWWA 603
AIWA Standard for Installation of Asbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe
AWWA C400 and C402 specify two types of asbestos-cement which define chemical requirements for the pipe.
Type I
No limit on uncombined calcium hydroxide*
Type II
17 or less uncombined calcium hydroxide*
* Test for uncombined calcium hydroxide in accordance with ASTM C-500.
In the U.S. only Type II A/C pipe has been produced for the
past sevei'al decades. Type II pipe contains in addition to asbestos fiber and Portland cement, approximately 307o-357> crystalline ground silica. The curing process is completed
in high pressure steam autoclaves where the temperature is approximately 300 degrees F. According to Committee 716 of the American Concrete Institute, higher strength properties
CAPCO JEN 0020204
more, stabilized form, and increased resistance to sulfate are obtained for cement products with high pressure steam curing than by damp curing process. While the high strength develoned in a few hours of steam curing is in part due to the acceler ation of the normal process of hardening, a material contri bution to strength comes from the reaction resulting in the formation of a hydrated calcium silicate from the lime and silica present. The more stabilized form of cement attri butable to pressure steam curing results, in part, from the conversion (or partial conversion) of the amorphous calcium silicates to crystalline forms, which do not swell or shrink as much as do the amorphous forms with increase or decrease in moisture content. It was also noted by the committee that the series of compounds that are known as hvdrogarnets, which result from steam curing of cement products are very stable and highly resistant to the action of sulfate solu
tions .
The AWWA specifications for asbestos cement pipe (AIWA C400 and C402) establish some guidelines for the use of A/C pipe under various soil conditions. The guidelines establish parameters which are intended to define conditions where indefinite life expectancy is anticipated.
For aggressiveness of acidic soils to A/C pipe the guidelines are:
Water Conditions Within the Soil Environment
Minimum pH of Acidic Soils When
Using Asbestos Cement Pine
Essentially quiescent
Type..1.
5.0
Tvne II 4.0
Mildly fluctuating
5.5 5.0
Rapidly moving or grossly cyclic
6.3
5.5
The above guidelines for the use of A/C pipe in acidic soils are based upon minimum pH factors alone. A/C pipe may or nay not perform satisfactorily in acidic soil environments that have pH values below those listed above. To determine the suitability of A/C pipe in soils having lower pH values, each situation should be evaluated indi vidually .
CAPCO JEN 0020205
For chemical resistance to non-acid (pH^ 7.0) soluble sulfates in soils, the guidelines are:
Type Designated
Chemical' Resistance to Nonacid Soluble Sulfates in Water And Soils
Type I*
Will be attacked to various degrees by all but the nonaggressive levels of sulfate concentrations in waters and soils.
Type II
Resistant to all levels of soluble sulfates.
* The guidelines criteria for sulfate resistance of Type I pipe were taken from the Concrete Manual, 8th edition. Bureau of Reclamation 1971. Sulfate resistance here applies to all soluble sulfates, regardless of the cation.
AWWA C400 & C402 do not establish specific guidelines for acid soluble sulfate soils. The U.S. Bureau of Standards however have conducted tests on the attack on A/C pipe by various types of soils ("Underground Corrosion", U.S. Bureau of Standards Circular #579). Some of the soils sites tested were acidic soils containing soluble sulfates. The following data is from these U.S. Bu. Stds. tests and gives an indication of the magnitude of attack on A/C pipe
from acidic soluble sulfate soils
Test Site
Acadia Clay
PH Total acidity
S04
Depth
Years
Milligrams
Milligrams
Of
Exposure
Equiv.
Equiv.
Pene
Per 100
Per 100
tration
Grams of
Grams of
(inches)
Soil
Soil
Inorganic Reducing Soils
6.2 13.2
22'.'()0
.06
7.0
Sharkey Clay
6.8
4.9
0.91
0.038
12.8
Organic Reducing Soils
Carlisle Muck
5.6
12.6
1.04
0.106
13.0 '
Muck
4.8
15.0
2.54
0.047
12.8
Rifle Peat
2.6
297.4
56.70
0.202
13.0
Tidal Marsh
6.9
14.6
36.60
0.032
12.7
CAPCO JEN 0020206