Document MoXpon015VLBgYkLb74GxooRa
Monsanto
ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE-
Monsanto Company 80 0 N. Lindbergh Boulevard S t. Louis, Missouri 63166 Phone: (314) 694-1000
February 24, 1984
Dr. Myron S. Weinberg Weinberg Consulting Group, Inc. Suite 301 2828 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20007
D ear Myron:
I have attached draft copies of Ms. Johnson's tables for her report on _ industrial/environmental accidents involving TCDD. There are three tables relating to industrial, laboratory, and environmental accidents. We will send the referenced articles when we complete the draft report.
Since Ms .(Johnson is my only industrial hygienist, I have had to limit her assignment to process chronologies until we get them into draft form, at which time she will complete the report on accidents. 1 expect that she will be able to go back to work on this in mid to late March,
Sincerely,
Q.
Allan M. Ford, Ph.D.
/dkr Attachments
cc: Mr. R. J. Barnes - Townley & Updike Mr. T. M. Bistline/Mr. D. F. Snively - Monsanto Company Mr. C. M. Love, III - Bowles, McDavid, Graff & Love Dr. W. J. McCarville - Monsanto Company
C23836
C23837
DD)
# PERSONS EXPOSED // PERSONS AFFECTED 20 cases reported
6 affected
SYMPTOMS
# ANIMALS EXPOSED
# ANIMALS AFFECTED
Alleged birth defects and malformations (anencephaly; spina bifida). Study indicated that the number of cases reported were not significantly different from expected; no correlation found with spraying of 2,4,5-T.
Chloracne
ATTORNEY WORK pRO b-| ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVUE *i
SYMPTOMS
REFERENCES
38
CONFIDENTIAL SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER.
3SURE
4 cases reported
Increase in perinatal death & birth defects.
Study indicated the number of perinatal deaths are within normal frequency for the region; no correlation found with spraying of 2,4,5-T.
Study conducted on animals in the area.
21 68 No increase in illness.
TABLE 3: Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxins PCDDs)
DATE OF INCIDENT
1944-present; reported in 1975-1976
LOCATION New Zealand
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
Shrub control by spraying defoliants.
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT 2,4,5-T
CONTAMINANT LEVELS 4x10 ^ g/acre
1945
Berlin/Germany
1949-1971
1950-present reported in 19751977
Australia-Union Carbide of Australia Limited
Yarram,Victoria/ Australia
Frying of vegetables in a fat-like sub stance found in the bomb ruins.
Landfilling of wastes from production of 2,4,5-TCP and 2,4,5-T
Shrub control by spraying defoliant.
Substance thought to have been hexachloronaphthalene N. A.3
Dioxin contaminated 2,4,5-TCP and 2,4,5-T wastes.
2,4,5-T
l6-30kg dioxin. N. A.
a. N. A. - not available
EXPOSURE ROUTE Ingestion
tf PERSONS EXPOSED // PERSONS AFFECTED 201 Cases reported
6 affected
SYMPTOMS
// ANIMALS E
# ANIMALS A
Alleged birth defects and malformations (anencephaly; spina bifida). Study indicated that the number of cases reported were not significantly different from expected; no correlation found with spraying of 2,4,5-T.
_
Chloracne
___
NO INCIDENT OF E XPOSURE REPORTED
j 4 cases reported
I
Increase in perinatal death & birth defects.
Study indicated the number of perinatal deaths are within normal frequency for the region; no correlation found with spraying of 2,4,5-T.
Study cond animals in
PP.op'/ i i?;.Y W O * * ^t t o p NY-CUEN^ WVl.fO
>enzo Dioxint (PCDDs)
(POSURE ROUT1
// PERSONS EXPOSED
SYMPTOMS
ANIMALS EXPOSED
SYMPTOMS
RFERENCES
agestin
// PERSONS AFFECTED
None reported from None reported. consumption of chic^ ken.
// ANIMALS AFFECTED Millions of chickens
Dyspnea, wobbly gait, stunt'ing, subcutaneous edema, sudden death.
2,86
At necropsy revealed ascites; hydropericard ium; hemorrhages; swollen, pale, irregular livers.
)ermal, possifile nhalation
N. A.
Increase in mortality to certain cancers.
3
Study showed no increase in overall mortality or cancers due to 2,4,5-T use.
'ossible den f inges- Many South Vietnamese Various maladies alledged
:ion, inhala! ion
and American
due to "Orange" exposure
veterans exposed.
including: birth defects,
increased abortion rates,
skin disorders, CNS dis
orders, cancer, liver
disorder, etc.
Many exposed,
Various
2,11,21,30,68,76,86
NOTE: Marty studies have been conducted on the populace of South Vietnam and American veterans. Many are conflicting in their findings and in general the validity of the conclusions reached from these epidemiologic studies maybe questionable.
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TABT.F: T: Summarv of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxins (PCDDs)
DATE OF INCIDENT
1957-1960
LOCATION United States
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT
CONTAMINANT LEVELS
Chick Edema Disease. Adulteration of chicken feed with low cost fats to increase caloric value of feed.
Fats pooled from many
N.A.
sources. Upon processing
they had to be heated.....
residues of commercial-
chlorophenols were probably
converted to dioxin, the
chick edema factor.
EXPOSURE ROUT!
Ingestion
// PERSONS EXPOSED
SYMPTOMS
n PERSONS AFFECTED
None reported from None reported, consumption of chic ken.
1957-1972; reported in 1972
Sweden
1962-1970
South Vietnam
Railway workers
2,4,5-T and 2,4-D
exposed to phenoxyacetic
acid herbicides and others
during use on the rail
roads *
Spraying of Agent Orange defoliant to control vegetation during war.
2,4,5-T and 2,4-D concontained 2,3,7,8-TCDD as contaminant
N. A.
2x10 kg of 2,4,5-g sprayed on 1.2x10 ha; contained 167kg TCDD.
Dermal, possi '1 inhalation
N. A.
Increase in moi certain cancer?
Study showed n* , in overall mor
cancers due to use.
Possible denu1, inges- Many South Vietnamese Various maladi
tion, inhala ::on
and American
due to "Orange
veterans exposed.
including: bir
increased aboi
skin disorders
orders, cancel
disorder, etc.
NOTE: Many studies have been condui and American veterans. Many are coi general the validity of the conclus
A(
DPs)
// PERSONS EXPOSED # PERSONS AFFECTED 5
SYMPTOMS Chloracne
A iturij(y w o r k r-:o|'|i-;'7 ATTOPNrv CUPNT ppiv:..
// ANIMALS EXPOSED // ANIMALS AFFECTED
SYMPTOMS
REFERENCES 86
2,500 exposed; 1,665 affected
None reported due to consumption of contaminated chickens. Not Given
Chloracne, eye discharge, edema of upper eyelids, asthenia, visual dis turbance, vomitting, diarrhea, jaundice * increase in chlolestorol & triglycerides, no birth defects.
2xl0^c|ickens 0.4x10 chickens
None reported
Many chickens
Alleged illness
Not Given .
Studies showed no evidence of increased illness or reproductive effects due to spraying 2,4,5-T.
Illness Death
38,76
Same as before; dioxin shown to accumulate in edible tis sue of chicken.
90
Alleged illness, and birth defects.
86
Studies showed no evidence of increased illness or reproductive effects due to spraying 2,4,5-T.
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TABLE 3 : Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxins PCDDs) \.
DATE OF INCIDENT
LOCATION
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT
CONTAMINANT LEVELS
EXPOSURE ROUTE
# PERSONS EXPOSED v '
# PERSONS AFFECTED
1966
Columbia
Spraying of weed killers 2,4,5-T .
N. A.
5
SYMPTOMS Chloracne
1968 1969 1969
Yusho/Jpan
United States
Globe, Arizona/ United States
Contamination of rice bran PCBs and TCDFs oil with PCBs containing TCDFs. Oil incorporated into chicken feed. Oil used for home cook ing.
Ippm TCDFs in the oil; average dose to humans was 2.1-3.0 ug TCDF/kg,
Chick Edema Disease. Adulteration of chic ken feed with low cost fats to increase caloric value of feeds.
Soapstock or by-product N. A. from refining crude vegetable oil contam inated with chlorophenols.
Ingestion Ingestion
Forestry management by spraying of defoliants.
2,4,5-T; Silvex
54kg. 2,4,5-T and 1,670kg Silvex in the Kellner Canyon Russel Gulch Project. Contained approximately lppm TCDD.
.
'
2,500 exposed; 1,665 affected
None reported due to consumption : ! . of contaminated chickens. Not Given
Chloracne, eye c edema of upper i asthenia, visual turbance, vomiti diarrhea, jaund increase in chi* & triglycerides birth defects.
None reported
Alleged illness
r)!'
4
L:-
Studies showed evidence of in illness or rep: effects due to 2,4,5-T.
in (PCBPs)
'UTE arma 1,
// PERSONS EXPOSED // PERSONS AFFECTED 2
N .A.
SYMPTOMS
// ANIMALS EXPOSED
SYMPTOMS
// ANIMALS AFFECTS
Alleged congenital
30 reindeer
malformation of infants. 10 reindeer
Death Abortion of fetus
Study indicated death due to starvation not exposure to 2,4,5-T or dioxin even though low level 2,4-D (^0.5ppm) and 2,4,5-T (^0.3ppm) found in liver and kidney samples. Feeding study using contaminated (25 ppm 2,4-D and 100 ppm 2,4,5-T) leaves fed to reindeer indicated no advers health effects due to exposure.
Six fold incrase in soft tissue cancer.
le crmal,
a. 5 total:
, ingestion. 1-six yr. old girl
Possible chloracne, headaches, diarrhea, nose bleeds, painful mitriculatiori, blood in urine (hemorrhagic cystitis).
85 horses exposed, 61 became ill, 48 died,
1-10 yr. old girl
Possible chloracne, ab dominal pain., diarrhea, recurrent headaches.
Many mice, cats, dogs,
Emaciation, acne
2,6,11,12,18,39,68,76,86
dermatitis, blood in
urine, edema, con
junctivitis, lameness,
abortions, liver dis
function, reduced spleen
size, lymph nodes small & _
inactive, ascites, bowel
hemorrhages.
Dermatitis, loss of hair, weight loss, death.
js
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TABLE 3: Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxins fPCDDs)
DATE OF INCIDENT
1970
1970-1976 1971
LOCATION
Visttrask, Lapland/ Sweden
Sweden
Eastern Missouri/ United States: a . Horse arena A b. Horse arena B c. Horse arena C d. Horse arena D
and road
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
Forestry management by spraying of defoliants.
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
CONTAMINANT LEVELS 0.67kg/ha. 0.34kg/ha.
EXPOSURE ROUTE t
Ingestion
]
// PERSONS EXPOSED // PERSONS AFFECTED 2
Forestry workers, farmers, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D sawmill workers exposed to phenoxy acetic acids.
N.A.
Possible dermal, inhalation
N.A.
Horse arenas and roads sprayed with waste sludge containing distillate residues of hexachlorophene production to control dust.
Distillate residues of hexachlorophene pro duction containing TCP and 2,3,7,8-TCDD (-12 lbs of TCDD total in waste residues hauled by R. Bliss)
306-356ppm TCDD in waste residue tank a. 31-33ppm TCDD in soil of arena.
a. Possible c<erma 1,
a. 5 total:
inhalation, it gestion. 1-six yr. old girl
SYMPTOMS
Alleged congenil malformation of
Study indicat dioxin even tho found in liver Feeding study 2,4,5-T) leaves due to exposure
Six fold incre? tissue cancer.
Possible chlor aches, diarrhe bleeds, painfu mitriculation, in urine (heim cystitis).
1-10 yr. old girl
Possible chlo dominai pain, recurrent hea
-
TABLE 3 Summary of Incidents Resultine in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8^TCDD or other Polychlorinatei..Diben2 Pioxins (PCDDs)
DATE OF INCIDENT
1971 - Missouri continued
LOCATION
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT
CONTAMINANT LEVELS----^ EXPOSURE ROUTE .
// PERSONS E J PERSONS A 1-adult, ma 1-adult, fe
b. 0.22-.85 ppm TCDD in soils.
1-adult mal at arena A collecting samples)
Possible derma1,
b. 2-three
inhalation, ingestion, boys
c. No data
c. None rep
d. 0.12ppm TCCD in arena soil. 0.6lppm TCCD in road soil.
Possible derma!, ingestion.
d. None rep<
*'
ff
v
- ...l* -
-:
ith 2,3,7,8,-TCDD or other Polychlorinated^Dibenzo Dioxins (PCDDs)
CONTAMINANT
CONTAMINANT LEVELS
bV 0.22-.85 ppm TCDD in soils.
EXPOSURE ROUTE
// PERSONS EXPOSED
SYMPTOMS
// PERSONS AFFECTED i
1-adult, male
Severe headaches, nausea
1-adult, female
Severe headaches, nausea, diarrhea
1-adult male, (both at arena A & C collecting soil samples)
Chloracne
Possible derma !,
b. 2-three yr. old Chloracne
inhalation, ingestion. boys
c . No data
c. None reported
d. 0.12ppm TCCD in arena soil. 0.61ppm TCCD in road soil.
Possible dermal , ingestion.
d. None reported
sir
4
A R O K N u WORK PRODUCT? A fTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE
it ANIMALS EXPOSED ANIMALS AFFECTED
SYMPTOMS
REFERENCES
25 horses exposed 37 horses exposed 70 chickens
12 deaths; severe emaciation, toxic hepatitis, gastric ulcers, splenic atrophy, skin lesions.
28,39,68
7 deaths, 30 illnesses; conjunctivitis, skin ulcers, anorexia, weight loss, alopecia.
39,68
Death
28,39,68
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THTi?
finmmarv of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxins fPnnnc'i
DATE OF INCIDENT
1972
1972-1977
LOCATION
France
Alsea, Oregon/ United States
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT
Exposure to baby.powder containing 6% hexachlorophene.
Hexachlorophene*
Forestry management by spraying of defoliant.
2,4,5-T
CONTAMINANT LEVELS
6% hexachlorophene in baby powder N. A.
EXPOSURE ROUTE
Possible dermal, inhalation.
i
// PERSONS : PERSONS 145
41
13 cases r
1975 1976
Canada
Varmland/ Sweden
Pentachlorophenol release into rivers: Overflowing of PCP dip tank for lumber treatment
PCP
Spraying of telephone PCP poles.
Forestry management by spraying of defoliant.
2,4,5-T
Levels not known; PCP contains hexa, hepta, octa, chlorodibenzodioxins.
Ingestion Ingestion
N. A.
''There are no published referrences that report positive analysis of dioxin in hexachloraphene, although it is believed to be there in concentrations <15ppb.
Not reporte
Possible dermal, inhalation.
Ingestion Ingestion
PERSONS AFFECTED
145 Illnesses 41 Deaths
// ANIMALS AFFECTED
13 cases reported
Alleged increased rate of spontaneous abortion. Study showed no demonstrated increase in abortions for the area and no conclusive evidence linked to 2,4,5-T.
15 massive fish kills 5000 coho salmon
Death Death
Not reported
Alleged increase in perinatal death and birth defects (spina bifida).
Study showed no such increase or correlation with 2,4,5-T use.
21,28
68
00
co
oCv)
(
\
ted Dibenzo T^oxins (PCDDs)
EXPOSURE ROUTE Possible dermal Possible derma 1
ed Possible dermal, ingestion, inhala-
// PERSONS EXPOSED // PERSONS AFFECTED
SYMPTOMS
// ANIMALS EXPOSED // ANIMALS AFFECTED
4 reported cases in children
Death
65 children
11 malformations, 5 were
severe.
NOTE: Out of 68 children born to unexposed
mothers, 1 malformation occured.
Many exposed, number affected not given; 263 families re located.
N.A.
Possible dermal and in 2 affected halation of coitaminate(j dusts.
None reported
1-chloracne; both had low levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in their blood.
None reported
None reported
APORNrY WORK rPOO'.KIJ /> 7 T r , - s j c y . r i IFMT t'PiVfi
SYMPTOMS
REFERENCES 21 21 21,68
None reported
21 68
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TABLE 3: Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polyrhi0rinaf'j^nibenzo Dioxins (pcDDs)
DATE OF INCIDENT
1976 1978 reported
1978 reported
1979 1979
LOCATION
N. A.
Sweden
Love Canal, N.Y./ United States
Sturgeon, Missouri/ States Montague, Michigan/ United States
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
Exposure to detergent containing 3% hexachlorophene.
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT Hexachlorophene*
CONTAMINANT LEVELS-------- EXPOSURE ROUTE
3% hexachlorophene in detergent.
Possible derma l
// PERSONS EXPOSED // PERSONS AFFECTED
SYMPTOMS
4 reported cases
in children
1
Death
# ANIMALS # ANIMALS
Nurses working in hos pitals during pregnancy; use of hexachlorophene.
Hexachlorophene*
Other exposures not mentioned.
N. A.
Possible derma l
65 children
11 malformations, 5 were
severe.
NOTE: Out of 68 children born to unexposed
mothers, 1 malformation occured.
Hazardous waste landfill violated resulting in chemical leaks. (Hooker Chemical Co. buried TCP, 2,4,5-T wastes ~200 tons between 1942-1952).
2,4,5-T; TCP; positive analysis for TCDD
Levels in water reported Possible dermal,
for various areas.
ingestion, inhala-
Many exposed, number affected not given; 263 families re located.
N.A.
Railway accident resulting Mo-chlorophenol contam ~37ppb 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
in chemical spill.
inated with <0.1% TCP,and
37ppb 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Possible dermal and in 2 affected halation of coitaminated dusts.
1-chloracne; both had low levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in their blood.
Hazardous waste dump site Waste residues. (Hooker Chemical Co.).
760ppb TCDD
None reported ,
None reported
None repoi
*There are no published references that report positive analysis of dioxin in hexachloraphene, although it is believed to to be there in concentrations <15ppb.
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