Document MQdOEgQB029e0296JOg2JgzM

/ reciloo of standardization bk` a relatively few number. With the re at the same time from ooe into account the bail **ct lhat *e duction in variables would come shorter lurer the most that could be buibi^ prime purpose of tb*turbine-genera- shipments, lower costs and improved .a single set of drawings was thr* ton Is to eupplr *l lowest cost the designs. Users will find simplification 0f ^ power end steam needs of industries A Check With the Post. The record number of generator variables whose Job i* the making of paper, or of units ordered during the past IS ol accomplishment than turbines, O* soap, or gasoline, or some other prod years gives important dues to what it will take a program similar to g, p TURBINE-GENERATORS U. AVAILABLE TODAY ffye Standard Ratings: * uct. U would be no service to these hope there may be for standardization. on page 75 to give direction t* t industries to rtlse the cost of power. Fig. 2, for example, shows that main such attempt. But it is possible to suggest the elimlnation of certain variables that will greatly decrease the number of possible combinations. A proposal for simplify ing the variables is shown in the righthand column of page 75. These are offered with the thought that they will pressure has been rising steadily since 1930, end that main pressure tends to increase es units become larger in size. It appears likely that this upward trend will continue. If o similar comparison of initial temperature Is made it will be fouod There has been a decided shift larger size unite in the past 15 y^ is shown by Table II: Toblo II--Percent number of i by sizes for today and for the | 1930 1935. fit more than half the coses without handicap. It would be absurd to think that specials would no longer be re quired. Certainly a plant now In ex istence- at 50 cycles, 11,500 volts, with Initial steam conditions other than standard, would find it impossible to use the proposed standard unit. In such a case the unit bought would be considered a special, but it is unlikely that it would cost more or take longer to build than if there were no stand ards. Standardization does not increase the cost of specials, it reduces the cost of standards. . Industry is not yet ready for the simplifications proposed on page 75. It still needs the type of turbine typi that temperature Increase has kept pace ' Range of No. of unit* ft with the pressure Increase. During ratings,Jew; % of total the past 15 years the overage throttle 1930-3$ temperature for corresponding pres Smalt (500 1500) 65 sures has been os shown by Table I: Medium (20004000) 2S 3$ Large (5000-7500) Table I--Average throttle tempera 10 40 ture lor different throttle pressures over the last 15 years. pressure. psig 150 200 400 600 Temperature, F 400 475 650 750 A comparison of page 75 with Fig. 100 100 This shifting pattern to larger iloft units should materially aid iMndirdia-ff tion. Most power plants are expectedl to grow, so whether one 2000-kw tor-15 bine is installed every two years, or ocen 3000-kw turbine every three years, msya not be too Important In a growing power plant the choice of ratings is las 2 will show that the main pressures important thon in one of fixed she. selected are equal to or higher than the The Obstacles- Standardization 4 4000 kw 6000 kw 7300 U `ifltt these Six Basic Types*: T~rrr TSst !ri'Cwdtfrtln0 Oik Condensing linglo-ovtomotie extraction Condensing double-cwtomotlc extraction fied by Fig. 1, even for some of the average pressure in use today. Any these turbines should not be Ughtlyjj smaller ratings. Such turbines com standard should be progressive, and considered. Unleu over-all powei-pltalj monly maintain steam pressure con there la some reason to think that of costs are lowered there seems little b-i stant at each of two pressures, satisfy the plant requirements for power, and often mointain frequency sufficiently constant for synchronous-motor-type clocks. What then are the possibilities for standardisation? The chief hope for the benefits -of standardization in this field lies in new power plants. Engineers expanding the pressures suggested on page 75 it might be just as well to eliminate the 400-psig classification for any but the smallest power plants. Not much has been said of the gen erators ao far, but a look at page 75 shows a possible number of combina tions that is measured in thousands. Of fifteen 5000-kw generators on order ducement to purchasers to push ecchi a program regardless of the gains ts manufacturers of power-plaat equip? menl. From the user's standpoint tbet industrial steam turbino is looked uposjj ordinarily as a source of both povoj and process steam. The user U not hit the business of making power but SO; cepts his powerhouse as one ol tbir zb: /'LNoneond#"*,"Q Noncondensing ho- single-automatic 7& extraction m . t-NiwIn ifeotti prniurti ah Noncondenslng double-autemotic extraction $- ' 0,100, S00, 400,400,400, 1S00 pit IN? tnfttel (Item ttfflpsrcrtvrss eh J` SOO, r}0, US, 900,9S0, IOOO f N? tzhevsl pmiirti of: existing power plants usually have some latitude in the choice ol rated output, but have little choice In the selection of some of the most important variables. 1! the plant has surplus boiler capacity now at 250 psig it ia headaches that goes with the plant's^ demands for steam and power, to mskcfl paper, refine oik or perhaps proeeuvj chemicals. The nearer the turbine csa-i be made to fit the industry, the larger^ the return to help pay for tho capital-* -V\& ,7f|' t In, Hp obi to ever 400 prig evfwMtk-Ktratfton and J*w-pr*i*vra edmJirien P,n>ur*> *,omt atmoipktrlc le 400 prig end tor flow? from 1000 to ovet 200,000 lb pet hr y/llh four Basic Sir-Cooler Types: unlikely that 400-psig boilcre could be cost. Only if the net eosts of por added. If the plant distribution is now and steam are reduced will siandardiu-j 6900 volts it is unlikely that some other voltage would be economical. tion prove acceptable, I Another hindrance to early standsrd-j But in new plants there is some lati tude. U power-plant designers could agree on a set of standards today simi lar to those proposed on page 75. there would be increased hope for lower costs in the future. These standards would serve as the basis for selection of equipment for new power plants. In time there would be a transition from our present multiplicity-of variables to TurWns**Qsnsor rating, lOOOkw 2Steonf meki pressure for oil sizes ol turbines has risen steadily since 1930 ization Is the dissimilarity of usan r businesses. The oil Industry has fe*y .points In common with paper making*-? for example, or with the small centrri-.. station power plant, or with, say, rayon manufacturer. Yet all uw tur"t bines. To pull them together aod le,3 agreement on turbine standards (Mfri take a long time even though tM*| (Continued on page 150)' it ^ *#ltoge* oh ,4fl* 4*0,600. 2400, 4160, 6900, 11,500, D.BOO, 14,400 [7* * heqesnriei eh 25,40,50,60,100, HO, ISO, UOcydoi ** 9*ww (acton eh 20,10, 90, 100% A. Hr toller ah 0,70. 0.50, 0.90,1.00 Mavlitft llrldt wound lor 125 or 2SO v wllhmt main tidier iN-cJ' without pitot tidier fji UeUe* *1 Jt-etUW foo.ptttyvro tandemlng art tuperotsed 7* I14*| POWIH M.ith l,<ll TURBINE-GENERATOR PROPOSED STANDARDS Three Standard Ratings: 1000 kw K fn These Basic Types: Turbine-generator rating, kw 1000 Condensing ...................................................... X 2000 X 7300 X Condensing single-automatic extraction... Condensing double-automatic extraction.. Nencondentlng .............................................. Nontondensing single-automatic extraction Nencondentlng double-automatic extraction Per main steam pressures of: 400 psig ..................................................... 600 psig.................................................... 650 psig .................................................... For Initial steam temperatures oft 730 P................................................................. 62$ F........................................................... 000 F............................................................ With exhaust pressures ton Condensing .................................. .. Nencondentlng ....................................... . With extraction pressures............. 2 In. Hg obs:rjt as feqvired-j as requiredjj With Only One Air-Cooler Type: ii: Id Air tool,/ integral with gee.rotor and obey, fleer m for These Voltages: TurblnesfO--reter raltas, kw 1400/4160 .................................. 11,000 ....................................... 1000 sooo rsoc jf"' ....... x x x >;f x ;U l And These flettrhal Constants: For 60 cycles For 60% power factor For 0.70 short-circuit ratio For 135-v field WHh direct-connected exciter but no pilot exciter ir.