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The Management Magazine |anuary 1973 volume LV no. 1 INSTRUCTOR 10 12 IS 20 22 24 ierr Computer art created for NSTRUCTOR by Barbara Levine. ADVERTISING OFFICES Jimti M Angtll Suite 332. 200 Park Avenue New Vork New York 1001 7 Pfione 212-682-5775 Thome* Cutler '>65 North Wabafth Chicago Illinois 60601 Phone 312-726-2442 truce Bigler 5478 Wilehtre Bivd. Lot Angelo*. Californio 90036 Phone. 213-938-0111 William C. Coughlin 22 Battery St. San Francieco. California 94111 Phone. 415-398-4444 Constructor is a national monthly magazine published by e Associated General Contractors of America. Second class stage paid al Washington. D C. and additional office. Slateents and opinions expressed in editorials or articles by the itors and contributors are not necessarily those of the X. and the publication of advertising does not imply enrsement of products or, statements made concerning them. p> right 1973 by Associated General Contractors of America Subscription rates: U S. and Canada. $7.50 per year, $14.00- lears. $18.00-3 years: foreign. $10.50 per year. Single copies sular issue: U S. and Canada 75c: foreign. $1.00. ACC DirecU issue $25.00. Advertising contracts, insertion orders and copy should be rvsarded to. Advertising Department. 1957 E Street. N.W., ashington, D C. 20006. Phone: 202-393-2040. IN-HOUSE OR TIME-SHARE? An Analysis Of Both Methods Of Data Processing And Which One Is Best For Your Company. YOUR BEST INVESTMENT Is An In-house Computer Say Three Contractors. Each With A Different Size Operation THE ONLY WAY To Control Costs And Save Money Is To Share A Computer Utility Says Cost Expert Dennis Bersch ROPS EXPENSE Is Enormous But There Are Ways To Install For Less STRIKE INSURANCE: How It Works And How Much It Costs THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS Works To Brighten Its Public Image 1172 INDEX: A Listing, By Author And Subject Of Editorial Material Published In CONSTRUCTOR During The Past Year EDITORIAL. PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 E' St. N.W.. Washington. D C. 20006 (202/393-2040) PUBLISHER: William E. Dunn EDITOR: Taylor Gregg FEATURE EDITOR: James Davis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Honev ART EDITOR: Joanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR: Vaughn Smarti ADVERTISING PROMOTION MANAGER: Gayle Essary BUSINESS MANAGER: Ed Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Genevieve Moms lionsirucior The Management Magazine February 1973 volume LV no. 2 Cover: Thu bridge on Interstate 89 in Sharon. Vermont is pictured during construction by Cianbro Corporation |ACCj of Pittsfield. Maine. aovfensiNO o*nct* Mmm M An*8. Jr Sun* 332. 200 Far* Avanu* Haw York. NnYoit 10017 Bhooa: 212-S82-S77S Hum Q. Cubar IBS North Wabaah Oucoeo tllinou soeoi Rhone 312-728-2442 Coal Qrtalwm Sun* 20*. 7110 Oakland St loua. Muaoun 63117 Bhona 314-647-7867 Inca Blftor S47B WiUlw* Boulauafd Lea Angal** Conform* 9003B Bhon* 213-938-0111 WMam C. Cou|Nkn 22 Banarv Straat San Francuco. California 94111 Rhone: 415-398-4444 29 Constructor is a national monthly magazine published by the Associated General Contractors of America. Second class postage paid at Washington. D C. and additional office. State ments and opinions expressed in editorials or articles by the editors and contributors are not necessarily those of the ACC. and the publication of advertising does not imply en dorsement of products or statements made concerning them. Copyright 1973 by Associated General Contractors of America Subscription rates: U S. and Canada. $7.50 per year. $14.00- years. $18.00-3 years; foreign. $10.50 per year. Single copies regular issue: U.S. and Canada 75c: foreign. $1.00. AGC Direc tory issue S25.00. Advertising contracts, insertion orders and copy should be forwarded to: Advertising Department. 1957 E Street. N.W.. Washington. D C. 20006. Phone: 202-393-2040. THE LAW Concerning The Right Of Unions To Boycott Pre-finished Products Is Clarified By The NLRB ACC's CONVENTION CITY Will Offer Convention Goers A New And Striking Skyline Innovation When They Converge On San Francisco In March FROM GIN POLES TO BOGIES Is The Story Of An AGC Contractor With A Truly Unique Type Of Business HOW TO PICK A LOSER. Before He Makes You Lose. Is The Purpose Of This New Test You May Or May Not Want To Use In Your Personnel Department A PILE DRIVING MAN Was |ohn Henry. But This Crew Boss Is Named Debbie. And The Lady Engineer Sets 'Em Straight SPECIAL PREVIEW: 1*73 AGC/CONSTRUCTOR EXPOSITION In San Francisco; In Quality And Variety The Most Exciting In AGC History C. JACKSON GRAYSON JR., Ex-Head Of The Now Defunct Price Commission, Draws Upon His Experiences To Offer Business A Plan For Higher Profits And A Healthier Economy PRODUCT BOYCOTT LAW CLARIFIED By Two Key New Decisions, Which Strengthen Previous Protections EDITORIAL. PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 E' St. N.W.. Washington. D C. 20006 (202/393-20401 PUBLISHER: William E. Dunn EDITOR: Taylor Gregg FEATURE EDITOR: )ames Davis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Joanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR: Vaughn Smartt ADVERTISING PROMOTION MANAGER: Gayle Essary BUSINESS MANAGER: Edward G. Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Genevieve Morris 1 CONSTRUCTOR FEBRUARY 1973 15 21 27 31 Cover Photo: Power Plant cooling tow ers are a symbol of both our national energy crisis and the massive amount of new construction required to meet environmental standards. These par ticular towers (natural draft) were con structed by Philipp Holzmann Com pany's Dusseldorf branch in Niederaussem. Germany. aovumtiNO offices Fn M. Angul. Jr. Suit* 332. 200 Avenue nr York New Yart 10017 Phone: 212-SS2-S775 IWn 0. Cutter 185 North Webeoh Otago. lUinow 80601 Phone: 312-726-2442 C* Srkhem Suite 204 7110 Ooklend It Low. Mieoouh 63117 Phone. 314-647-7667 on 81#* 5478 Wilehiro BotPeverO In Angola. CelHorme 90038 Phene: 213-838-0111 SMni C. Coughlin 22 Battery Street toi Francoco. Celrfortue 94111 Phone: 418-398-4444 32 35 39 42 44 Constructor is a national monthly magazine published by Associated General Contractors of America. Second class Huage paid at Washington. D.C. and additional office. State<nts and opinions expressed in editorials or articles by the duors and contributors are not necessarily those of the ACC. and the publication of advertising does not imply entonement of products or statements made concerning them. Copyright 1973 by Associated General Contractors of America Subscription rates: U S. and Canada. $7.50 per year. $14.002y*rs. $18.00-3 years; foreign. $10.50 per year. Single copies r**ul,r issue: U S. and Canada 75c; foreign. $1.00. AGC Direc"ry issue $25.00. Advertising contracts, insertion orders and copy should be "warded to: Advertising Department. 1957 E Street. N.W., "athington. D C. 20006. Phone: 202-393-2040. CONTROLS IN 1973 AND BEYOND: What Contractors Can Expect In Wage & Price Controls WHY NOT FIGHT BACK?: Justice Powell Of The U.S. Supreme Court Says What He Thinks American Businessmen Must Do To Defend Themselves And The Free Enterprise System ENERGY CRISIS HITS: A National Shortage Of Fuels Is Already Having An Effect On Contractor fobs. And Is Expected To Become A Major Consideration In Both Construction And The National Economy PREPARE FOR BROWNOUTS: Now That Reductions And Interruptions Of Power Are Becoming An Everyday Occurence. Contractors Will Have To Be Prepared. Or Face Equipment Damage And The Possibility Of Shutting Down AGC IN 73: Four Contractors Prepare To Lead Their Association Through The Coming Year As National Officers TOO MANY COOKS SPOIL THE JOB: A Classic Example Of Handicapping The Contractor-Through Unworkable Bid Specifications THE JOBS PLAN SCORES: A Long Term Investment In Money And Effort Is Finally Paying Off GRAVEL ROADS. INDIANS, AND THE GALVESTON FLOOD: The Life And Times Of The Contractor Who Has Lived Through More Years Of Construction Than Perhaps Any Man Alive SOVIET CONSTRUCTION BOOM: A Vast New Construction Effort Involving $10 Billion Or More In Pipeline Construction EDITORIAL. PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 E' St. N.W.. Washington. D C. 20006 (202/393-20401 PUBLISHER: William E. Dunn EDITOR: Taylor Gregg FEATURE EDITOR: lames Davis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Joanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR: Vaughn Smart! BUSINESS MANAGER: Edward G. Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Genevieve Morns CONSTRUCTOR MARCH 1973 Constructor The Management Magazine April 1973 volume LV no. 4 11 rst con* I II 22 21 Cover Photo: Nello L. Teer, jr.. ACC's 34th President (Story on pg. 18) 21 200.00 Credit: Artwork on page 35--Hartford Insurance Group 31 d with wvtrnsiNo officii Jmmm H Angufl. Jr Suit* 332. 200 Ftk Avenue Mew tort. Maw Yort 10017 Phona: 212-682-577S tWmaa S. CuOer 185 North Wabash Osage. lUinoa 60C31 Phona: 312-726-2442 CM SiMam Suits 204. 7110 Oakland It lea. Maaoun 63117 Phona. 314-647-7667 *sas S*ar 5476 Wilshira loiieverb taaAhgalaa. Calitorrua 90036 Phona. 213-636-0111 C. CuegNln 22 6anary Street Sax Frsncaco California 94111 Phona: 415-398-4444 II Constructor is a national monthly magazine published by I si Associated General Contractors of America. Second class M|i8t paid at Washington. D.C. and additional office. Statetnis and opinions expressed in editorials or articles by the | editors and contributors are not necessarily those of the ^CC. and the publication of advertising does not imply en| tonement of products or statements made concerning them. -^Pyright 1973 by Associated General Contractors of America. Subscription rates: U S. and Canada. $7.50 per year. $14.00| :**rs. $18 00-3 years; foreign. $10.50 per year. Single copies Tulir issue: U S. and Canada 75c: foreign. $1.00. AGC DirecJr> issue $25.00. Advertising contracts, insertion orders and copy should be larded to: Advertising Department. 1957 E Street. N:W.. *Mhington. D.C. 20006. Phone: 202-393-2040. U.S. SUPREME COURT LIMITS HOBBS ACT: The Court Rules That The Anti-Racketeering Act Does Not Limit The Use Of Violence To Achieve . Legitimate Union Goals WE NEED CONTRACTOR POWER: We've Seen The Effectiveness Of Black Power. Woman Power And Every Other Kind Of Power, And Now It's Time That Contractors Become Activists. Says New AGC President Nello L. Teer. ]r. EQUIPMENT PLUS INFLATION EQUALS LOSS: Civil Engineering Professor James Douglas Gives Contractors A Formula To Beat The Profit Loss On Equipment Usage That Is Caused By Inflation ... SKILL ... INTEGRITY . .. RESPONSIBILITY: All About The AGC Seal: It's History, How It Originated, Who Designed It And When It Was Adopted THE CASE OF THE DISAPPEARING ASSETS: A Look At The Enormous Rise In Theft And Van dalism In The Construction Industry And What Contractors Are Doing To Fight It S4TH ANNUAL AGC CONVENTION: Highlights Of The San Francisco Convention Seen Through The Eyes Of Harry And Marilyn Sloane, A Charles ton. South Carolina Contractor And His Wife PEOPLE OR PROPERTY: A Fire Protection Expert Says That High Rise Buildings Can Be Made To Protect People As Well As Property If Designers Will Shed Their Archaic Notions Of Fire Pro tection EDITORIAL. PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 E' St. N.W.. Washington. D.C. 20006 (202/393-20401 PUBLISHER: William E. Dunn EDITOR: Taylor Gregg FEATURE EDITOR: |ames Davis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Joanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR: Vaughn Smart! BUSINESS MANAGER: Edward G. Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Genevieve Morris CONSTRUCTOR APRIL 1973 i onstructor The Management Magazine May 1973 volume LV no. 5 5 THE ENVIRONMENT IS OURS TO KEEP: In a Guest Editorial. Lt. General F. J. Clarke Proclaims That The Corps Of Engineer's New Concern Is To Preserve And Enhance The Nation's Environment IS THE IMAGE MAKER: CONSTRUCTOR Talks With Retiring Chief Of Army Engineers. Lt. General F.J. Clarke About The New Directions The Corps Of Engineers Is Taking 23 GERMANY'S HOTTEST EXPORT - GUSSASPHALT: This Revolutionary Method Of Paving Highways Can Stand Extra Heavy Usage 24 ACT ALLOWS TAX BREAK: The Keogh Act Is A Made-To-Order Tax Shelter For Contractors That Is Often Overlooked 26 Cover Photo: Lieutenant General F. J. Clarke. Chief of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Story on pg. 18) Credit: Artwork on pages 32-34 Smithsonian Institution actmof >4 29 32 ttlMIl USOCUtlOl IWJCIIIOIS ADVtmeiNO OFFICII Mm M. Angutl, Jr. Suite 332. 200 Ptrh Avenue New fork. New York 1001? Phone: 212-0*2-5775 Tfcemee 0. Cutler IIS Norm WeOeeft Ciueigo, Illinois 60601 Ptione: 312-726-2442 Cart Ortshem Suite 204. 7110 Oeklend SI Louis. Missouri 63117 Pnone: 314-647-7667 Iruee ligiw 5476 Wllsriire Bouleverd Los Angeles. Cellfornie 90036 Pnone: 213-936-0111 vwsrn c. CougMtn 22 Battery Street Sen Francisco. Cellfornie 94111 Phone: 415-396-4444 3S Cmantaot is a national monthly magazine published by the '"ocuted General Contractors of America. Second class postage Kid si Washingion. DC. and additional office. Statements and opinions expressed in editorials or articles by the editors and con`nbuton are not necessarily those of the AGC, and the publication J advertising does not imply endorsement of products or statements *de concerning them. '-opynght ig73 by Associated Ceneral Contractors of America. Subscription rates U.S. and Canada. *7.50 per year. *14.00-2 years. I.I COi years, foreign. *10.50 per year. Single copies regular issue: ' 5 "d Canada 75c: foreign. *1.00. AGC Directory issue *25.00. **kvniiing contracts, insertion orders and copy should be for* rtf-10 Advertising Department. 1957 E Street. N.W.. Washington. J L *** Phone: 202-393-2040. THE REAL IMPACT OF OSHA: General Con tractors Must Fully Understand Their Employer Obligations Under OSHA Before They Are Cited For Extensive Violations Or Hit With Costly Legal Actions. Says This OSHA Expert HEAVY SHOES: Paul And Albert Woodcock Are Two Old Time Drilling Contractors Who Don't Believe In Retirement And Do Believe In W'orking Twelve Hours A Day THE SECRET TUNNEL: New York City's First Subway Was Completed Forty-Four Years Before Ground Was Broken For The City's Present Subway System THE LABOR DEPARTMENT'S NEW TEAM: Blow-By-Blow Profiles Of The Individual Team Members That Will Work For Labor Secretary Peter Brennan EDITORIAL, PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 'E' Si. N.W.. Washington. D C. 20006 (202/393-2040) PUBLISHER: William E. Dunn EDITOR: Taylor Gregg FEATURE EDITOR: |ames Davis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Joanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR: Vaughn Smart! ADVERTISING PROMOTION MANAGER: Donna L. Bailey BUSINESS MANAGER: Edward G. Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Genevieve Morris CONSTRUCTOR MAY 1973 PT The Management Magazine |une 1973 volume LV no. 6 iOnSTRUCTOR Cover Photo: Rear Admiral Walter M. Enger. CEC. USN. recently retired Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command 25 30 mui usociinoa WuunoB aovtftTisiNO oppicbb Jmi M. Angel Jr. Suit* 332. 200 Park Av*nu* New York. New York 10017 Phone: 212-082-5775 Them** Q. CuO*r 185 Norm Wibuh Chicago. lltmoii 80601 Phono: 312-726-2442 C*n ariehem Suit* 204. 7110 Oakland St. Louis Mlaaourl 63117 Phon*: 314-647-7667 6rue* Bigler 5478 Wllahir* Boulevard Los Angel**. California 60038 Phon*: 213-938-0111 WHtlam c. CoughHn 22 Battery Street Sen Francttco. California 94111 Phone: 415-396-4444 32 34 ^Mnador u a national monthly magazine published by the APoaaied General Contractors of America. Second class postage "d ii Washington. D C. and additional office. Statements and ^aions expressed in editorials or articles by the editors and conJhuiors are not necessarily those of the AGC. and the publication * adveriiaing does not imply endorsement of products or statements d*concerning them. ^Wright 1973 by Associated General Contractors of America. Subscription rates: U S. and Canada. *7.50 per year. *14.00-2 years, years: foreign. *10.50 per year. Single copies regular issue: L* sad Canada 75c: foreign. *1.00. AGC Directory issue *25.00. Advertising contracts, insertion orders and copy should be for***d to: Advertising Department. 1957 E Street. N.W., Washington vt 20008 Phone. 202-393-2040. GUEST EDITORIAL: Rear Admiral Walter M. Enger Bids Farewell And Thanks AGC Con tractors For Their Help REVISED GUIDELINES: The New Taft-Hartley Act Guidelines Could Have An Impact On Contractors Bringing Charges Or Responding To Charges NAVY CONSTRUCTION CHIEF RETIRES: CONSTRUCTOR Talks To Rear Admiral Walter M. Enger About NAVFAC's Changes in Methods And Priorities PROFIT OR DISASTER: Contractors Acting As Construction Managers Can Be Financially Hurt By Their Liability To The Owner. The Archi tect, The Engineer And The Subcontractor STATE LAWS CREATING HAVOC: California's Two Legally Enforceable Environmental Constraints May Be Duplicated In Other States DO YOU MANAGE OR JUST WATCH?: Part One Of A Three Part Series About How The Right Information In The Right Place At The Right Time Will Turn Loss Into Profit SOUNDPROOFING THE MAN: Soundproofing The Man Rather Than The Environment May Be The Answer To OSHA Noise Level Requirements SUCCESS OR FAILURE?: An AGC Staff Study Of Economic Controls In The Construction Industry BONDING: Two Bonding Experts Examine The Reasons Some Contractors Can't Get Bonds EDITORIAL. PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 'E' St. N.W.. Washington. D.C. 20006 (202/393-2040) PUBLISHER: William E. Dunn EDITOR: Taylor Gregg FEATURE EDITOR: James Davis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Joanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR. Vaughn Smart! ADVERTISING PROMOTION MANAGER: Donna L. Bailey BUSINESS MANAGER: Edward G. Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Genevieve Morris CONSTRUCTOR >UNE 1973 MUCH Hnu uMciinw MUUTMB ' William E. Dunn. Publisher N Taylor Gregg, Editor Jimti Devis, Feature Editor Joanna Harris. Art Editor Vaughn Smartt. Special Sections Ed. Eliabeth Danieli. Production Mgr Siatamanta and opinions axorossed >n adttonm aniclas Oy ths sditors and contnbutors do a mcsssaniy rtp'ssom tha official position of sa ACC. and tha publication of advertising does m mWY andorsamant of products sdvsmsad a natainants msda concerning mam SuOlisned monthly. Editonal and Executive ot to 1957 E Street. N W . Washington. 0 C. 20006 Sacond class postage paid at Washingcr 0 C and additional office. SuOacnptton rates. U S and Canada. $7 50 m year. S1400 -2 years. *1800-3 years, pap. $10 SO per year Single copies regular aus U S and Canada 7Se. foreign. S t 00 AOC Directory issue S2S 00 Copyright 1973 by Associated General ConBactors of America Change of address and subKHcxxn orders should be mailed to CON STSuCTOR 1957 E Street. NW. Washington. DC 20006 IUSINESS DEPARTMENT Edward G. Boss. Business Manager Denna L Bailey. Advertising Promotion Manager Gantviave Morris. Circulation Manager Editorial Comment: The Value of Construction . . .5 Great Moments In Construction History: The Brooklyn Bridge.....................................................22 Officers.......................................................................45 Executive Committee .............................................. 45 ADVERTISING OFFICES Jamas M. Angell Suits 332. 200 Park Avenue fayy York. New York 10017 Phone. 212-682-5775 Thomas Cutler 185 North Wabash Chicago. Illinois 60601 Phone 312-726-2442 Iruct Biglar 547B Wilshtre C* Angeles. California 90036 Phone 213-938-0111 WiHiam C. Coughlin 22 8attery Street Sen Francisco. California 94111 Phona 415 398-4444 Cat! Grisham Suns 204. 71 10 Oakland St Louis, Missouri 63117 Phona 314-647-7667 Directors.....................................................................45 National Staff ............................................................45 AGC Managers' Council Officers....................... 45 Committees................................................................ 45 Members, by State, Chapter ........................... . . 89 i Chapters, Branches, by States . ............................ 89 Members, National ................................. 91 Members, Alphabetically........................................ 291 4Wertrs/ng contracts, msamon orders and WPY shou/d be forwarded to: Advertising Ontnmtm. 1957 Street NW. Wssh- "*''> DC. 20006 Phono: 202-3932040 AGC Forms and Publications................................. 289 Advertiser's Index......................................... 348 The Management Magztne August 1973 volume LV no. 8 3 7 9 10 Cover: Scenes from the 1919 coast-tocoast motor trip surround a photo graph of then Lt. Dwight Eisenhower. (Photographs on cover and on pgs. 18ZS by U.S. Signal Corps, courtesy of National Archives. IKK1TW 12 IS 18 26 MMMt USKUTIM F66UUTMB 20 ADvtRTiaiNQ omcu . Jam** M. Awgai, Jr. Suit* 332.200 Park Avenue New York. New York 10017 Phone: 212-082-9775 Thomae O. Cutter 18S NortP Wabash Chicago. Illlnote 60601 Phone: 312-726-2442 Cart artattam Suita 204.7110 Oakland St. louts. Missouri 63117 Phone: 314-647-7667 ttruee Slgtar 5476 Wllshlrs Boulevard Loa Angislaa. California 90036 Phone: 213-936-0111 anitlem C. CsughNn 22 Battery Street San Francisco. California 94111 Phone: 415-396-4444 C^ftnador is a national monthly magazine published by the `uocwed General Contractors of America. Second clasa postage *"1 at Washington. D C. and additional office. Statements and Wtioni expressed in editorials or articles by the editors and con"suton are not necessarily those of the ACC. and the publication advertising does not imply endorsement of products or statements **d* concerning them. -kpynght 1973 by Associated General Contractors of America. Subscription rates: U.S. and Canada. S7.S0 per year. 114.00-2 years. I0M years: foreign. 310.50 per year. Single copies regular issue: 3 and Canada 75c: foreign. $1.00. ACC Directory issue $25.00. Advertising contracts, insertion orders and copy should be for?*TMed to: Advertising Department, 1957 E Street. N.W., Washington "L. ZOOM. Phone: 202-393-2040. PRODUCTIVITY STILL LAGGING Says AGC Presi dent Nello L. Teer. Jr. CAN ORGANIZATIONAL PICKETING BE CON TROLLED?: Recent Rulings CONFUSED ABOUT LEASING: CONSTRUCTOR Attempts To Unscramble The Various Leasing Terms INCREASE YOUR CAPITAL THROUGH LEASING. Financial Expert David Markstein Tells How Leasing Can Produce Funds For Capital And Overhead 10-4 AT BARGAIN RATES?: What Kind Of Two-Way Radio Set To Buy And How Much To Pay For It UTILITIES MARKET EXPANDS FOR SMALL CON TRACTORS: How A Small Contractor Firm Gets Its Share Of Big Projects GREAT MOMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION HIS TORY: In Which A Relatively Unknown Young Lieutenant Named Eisenhower Accompanies A Small Band of Signal Corps Drivers On An Epic Coast-To-Coast Motor Trip OLD TRASH IS NASHVILLE'S NEW FUEL: AGC Contractor Foster & Creighton Meets A Unique Building Challenge AGC'S GROUP INSURANCE PROGRAM: A Na tional Employee Benefit Plan Is Announced Which Will Be Available To Employees Of AGC Members. Associate Members, and Chapters EDITORIAL, PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 'E' St. N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20006 (202/393-20401 PUBLISHER: |ames M. Sprouse EDITOR: Taylor Gregg EDITORIAL CONSULTANT: William E. Dunn FEATURE EDITOR: )ames Davis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Joanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR: Vaughn Smart! ADVERTISING PROMOTION MANAGER: Donna L. Bailey BUSINESS MANAGER: Edward G. Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Genevieve Morris 1 CONSTRUCTOR AUGUST 1973 The Management Magazine September 1973 volume LV no. 9 8 10 14 17 Cover: Twin bridges carrying 191 North and South over Vermont Rte. 30 and the West River in the town of Brattleboro were designed by the Vermont Department of Highways. Built m 1960. general contractor was Lane Construction Corporation. AGC. of Meriden. Conn: erected by American Bridge Company. 18 24 41 45 46 ADVERTISING OVriCIS Jinw M. Angell, Jr. Suit* 332. 200 Park Avanua Sew York. New York 10017 Phone: 212-682-5775 Thomaa G. Cutler 1SS North WaOaah Chicago. Illinois 60801 Phone: 312-726-2A42 Carl OrMiam Suita 204. 7110 Oakland St. Louia. Miaaouri 63117 Phone. 314-647-7667 Bruce Sister 5478 Wilahire Boulevard Los Angelas. California 90036 Phone: 213-936-0111 William C. Coughlin 22 Battery Street San Francisco. California 94111 Phone: 415-396-4444 Constructor is a national monthly magazine published by the Associated General Contractors of America Second class postage paid ai Washington. D C. and additional office. Statements and opinions expressed in editorials or articles by the editors and coninbuiors are not necessarily those of the AGC. and ihe publication of advertising does nol imply endorsement of products or statements ade concerning them. Copyright 1973 by Associated General Contractors of America. Subscription rales: U S. and Canada. *7 50 per year. S14 00-2 years. ht.00-3 years: foreign. $10.50 per year. Single copies regular issue: V S and Canada 75c: foreign. $1.00 AGC Directory issue $25.00. Advertising contracts, insertion orders and copy should be forarded to: Advertising Department. 1957 E Street. N.W.. Washington D C. 20006. Phone: 202-393-2040. AGC'S GROUP INSURANCE PROGRAM: Art Hintze Conducts A Further Exploration Of The Benefits Offered By This New National Plan Through "Questions And Answers MR. WORLEY'S SUPER TOWER: The Very Per sonal Story Of A Construction Superintendent And How He Operates While Supervising The Construc tion Of The World's Tallest Building (Sears Tower! WHY CONTRACTORS SHOULD DEVELOP CM CAPABILITY: Richard B. DeMars. AIC Talks About Why AGC Believes Construction Management Has A Place In Construction THE PRODUCTIVITY PUSH: AGC And Other Na tional Management Groups |otn With Unions To In crease Productively On The ]ob And Help Keep The U S. Competitive In International Commerce DO YOU MANAGE OR JUST WATCH WIN OFFERS WINDMILL SUCCESS IN ARBITRATION: Noted Atiorney Wil liam ). Curtin Says How Well Arbitration Works Often Depends Upon Precise Wording In The Con tractual Relationship Provision PROCAST: Prognosis And Forecast Of Construction Markets As Reflected In Reports Of Financial And Other Corporate Trends In The U S And Abroad CONSTRUCTION STUDENTS RECEIVE SCHOL ARSHIPS: The AGC Education And Research. Foun dation Makes Four Year Awards To Fourteen Stu dents Who Plan To Make Construction A Career EDITORIAL. PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 "E" St. N.W., Washington. D C. 20006 (202/393-2040) PUBLISHER: James M. Sprouse EDITOR: Taylor Gregg EDITORIAL CONSULTANT: William E. Dunn FEATURE EDITOR: James Davis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Ioanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR: Vaughn Smart! ADVERTISING PROMOTION MANAGER: Donna L. Bailey BUSINESS MANAGER: Edward G. Boss ADVERTISING AND CIRCULATION Delores Carbaugh CONSTRUCTOR SEPTEMBER 1973 i i 1 The Management Magazine October 1973 volume LV no. 10 COnSTRUCTOR OCT0*1 >17] LABOR NOTES: Are Construction Unions Conforming To Federal Anti-Trust Laws In Certain Practices Deemed To Be Non-Competittve? THEY DON'T BUILD THEM LIKE THEY USED TO: They Said It Couldn t Be Done. But A General Contractor. A Craft Labor Union. And An Owner Pooled Resources And Know how In A Unique Effort To Successfully Restore A "5-VearOld Religious Landmark In Philadelphia CONTRACT CLAIMS: In Which A Hard Talking Lawyer Tells Contractors Why They Will Wind Up In Court And How To Do Better When They Get There FOREIGN BUILDING PROJECTS: A Large. New Source Of Work For U S. General Contractors. Except This Time The Work Is Right Here In The U.S. Cover: Symbolic of the over 5.600 ACC Building Contractors who lead the industry, this cover design was taken from one of a series of posters created for Zellerbach Paper Company by "Harry Murphy and Friends'" a San Francisco design studio. Credits: Photos pgs. 12-13 Don Pasquarella: pgs. 19-21 Benjamin Ronis: pgs 24-25 Sean Ronis. BUILDING BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN: A Comparison Between The Structure Of The Building Industry In Eastern Europe And That Of The United Stales And Western Europe. Now That Contract Opportunities Are Increasing For U S. Firms In That Area Of The World 22 CONSTRUCTION JOB SAFETY: Recent Building Collapses And A Number Of Street Accidents Point Up Some Common Practices Which Can Result In Death And Injury 28 MYTHS ABOUT CONSTRUCTION SPENDING: Are We As A Nation Living Beyond Our Means When It Comes To Con struction Spending? A Look At National Spending Habits For All Manner Of Building Over The Past Quarter Of A Century Dispels Some Myths HTlNai UMCIiTIM tnuutws UtmTlSINO OFFICES Mm M. A00*11. Jr. Suite 332. 200 Perk Avenue New York. New York 10017 Pnone: 212-442-5775 TDernet 0. Cutter 185 Nortn WeOein Coicago. Iilmot* 60601 Phone 312-724-2442 Can Srlshem Suite 204. 7110 Oakland Si Louis. Missouri 63117 Phone: 314-447-7647 true* Sigler 5476 Wilsmre Boulevard Los Angeles. California 90036 Phone: 213-936-0111 VUNarn C. CeugMtti 22 Battery Streel Sin Francisco. California 94111 Pnone: 415-398-4444 29 os is a national monthly magazine published by the r Ceneral Contractors of America Second class postage "'ishington. D C and additional office. Statements and '^pressed in editorials or articles by the editors and conrf not necessarily those of the ACC. and the publication ting does not imply endorsemenl of products or statements "truing them. !973 by Associated General Contractors of America "tinon rales: U S and Canada. $7 50 per year. $14.00-2 years, tars, foreign. $10.50 per year. Single copies regular issue: Canada 75c: foreign. $1.00 AGC Directory issue $25.00 a|ng contracts, insertion orders and copy should be for5 Advertising Department. 1957 E Street. N.W . Washington 4 Phone. 202-393-2040 PRO-CAST: Constructor Magazine Continues To Supply AGC Members With Advance Information On Future Construction Markets. This Month s Column Shows. Among Other Things. How The Current Oil Shortage Is Producing A Boom in The Cotton Textile Industry. EDITORIAL. PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 "E" St. N.W.. Washington. D C. 20006 (202/393-20401 PUBLISHER: James M Sprouse EDITOR: Taylor Cregg EDITORIAL CONSULTANT: William E. Dunn ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Benjamin Ronis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Joanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR. Vaughn Smartl ADVERTISING PROMOTION MANACER: Donna L. Bailey BUSINESS MANACER: Edward C. Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Delores Carbaugh Constructor it" The I* anagement Magazine November 1973 volume LV no. 11 TRENDS IN AGC LABOR POLICY: Art Hintze Reports Ac tion Related To Labor Policies At The 1973 AGC Board Meeting In Toronto 1 BREAKTHROUGH FOR BRIDGES: Two Bridges In New York Make Use Of Pre-Cast Subdeck Elements Trucked To The Site DWORSHAK DAM: Completion Of The Structural Work On This Mammoth Project Earlier This Year After More Than Eighty Months Marks Another Great Moment In Construc tion History ;E8: A boat of McAlister Con- t ion Company's fleet leaves the I alter a quick repair job while i nado moves up the Mississippi i ,:i Memphis. The tornado hit a 1 minutes later, completely clos:il the river for half an hour, i : by the Editor. 24 26 ) n credits: pgs. 17-21 Dravo f ; pgs. 26.27.32 Taylor Gregg: 1 . 28-29 Caterpillar Tractor Co.; 12-33 McAlister Constrn Co. nmsiNa officis l. Aftgell, Jr. Suit* 332 200 Park Avenue i* "torn. Ne York 10017 Pnone 212-682-5775 0 Cutler 185 Norm WeOeen ojo nimoit 60601 Pnone 312-726-2AA2 'Cnanem Suite 204 7110 Oakland ouis. Missouri 63117 Pnone: 314-647-7667 a Holer 5478 Wifsnire Boulevard Angelas California 90036 Pnone 213-938-0111 he C. Coughlin 22 Batlery Street *r A'tncisco. California 94111 Pnone. 415-398-4444 JMructor is a national monthly magazine published by the rmed General Contractors of America Second class posiaae < ii Washington. D C. and additional office Statements and ions expressed in editorials or articles by the editors and con dors are not necessarily those of the AGC. and the publication dvernsing does not imply endorsement of products or sialemenls * concerning them ngni 1973 by Associated General Contractors of America kbscnpnon rales: U S and Canada. $7 50 per year. S14 00-2 vears. **3 years, foreign. $10 50 per year. Single copies regular issue ' md Canada 75c: foreign. $1 00 ACC Directory issue $25 00 Perusing contracts, insertion orders and copy should be for ced lo Advertising Departmenl. 1957 E Street. N.W . Washington - 20006. Phone 202-393-2040 JET ROOFS FOR CARSON PASS: Wind-Deflecting Metal Sheets Are Transported By Helicopter To Prevent Winter Snows From Closing California s Highway 88 THE GREAT PYRAMID: What Would You Do If Invited To Bid On One Of Egypt s Great Pyramids? PUSHING ROCK ONTHE MISSISSIPPI: |Cover Story] Mr Mac Talks About Being A River Contractor. How He Got Started. And Life And Times On The Ole' Miss. EDITORIAL. PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 E' St. N.W.. Washington. D C. 20006 (202/393-2040) PUBLISHER: James M Sprouse EDITOR: Taylor Cregg EDITORIAL CONSULTANT: William E. Dunn ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Benjamin Ronis PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Joanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR: Vaughn Smartt ADVERTISING PROMOTION MANAGER: Donna L. Bailey BUSINESS MANAGER: Edward G. Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Delores Carbaugh CONSTRUCTOR NOVEMBER 1973 The Management Magazine December 1973 volume LV no 12 9 12 14 18 20 Cover: This quay under construc tion in Bremerhaven. Germany, by the Phillipp Holsmann Company through the use of steel piles driven from an offshore jack-up platform will receive a pre-manufactured deck of reinforced concrete units which also acts as a breakwater. (Photo courtesy Phillipp Holsmann) 25 31 utisino ornets M. Anqttt, Jr. Sun* 332 200 Park Avtnu* 4* fork Na* York 10017 Phon* 212-662-5775 n C. Cullor 185 North Wootih .'090 Illinois 60601 Phono 312-726-2642 oi GnoAorn Suit* 204.7110 Oakland it Louts. Missouri 63117 Phono: 314-647-7667 liglor 5478 Wtlsniro Boulovard . Angelos Caiilorma 60036 Phono 213-936-0111 C. Coughlin 22 Batlory Slrool inSrencisco California 94111 Phono: 415-396-4444 -autruclor is a national monthly magazine published by the uciaied General Contractors of America Second class postaae ai Washington. DC and additional office. Statements and ins expressed in editorials or articles by the editors and conMors are not necessarily those of the ACC. and the publication -aiertising does not imply endorsement of products ur statements :e concerning them. bright 1973 by Associated General Contractors of America mbscnption rales: U S and Canada. $7.50 per y ar. $14 00-2 years. Xt-3 years: foreign. $10 50 per year Single copies regular issue: > and Canada 75c. foreign. $1.00 ACC Directory issue $25.00 idvertising coniracts. insertion orders and copy should be foreded to Advertising Department. 1957 E Street. N.W., Washington C 20006. Phone 202-393-2040 LABOR NOTES: Double-breasted Operations Win And Lose In Recent N'LRB And Court Decisions Which Further Clarify The Issues THE CONTRACTOR AS INVESTOR: A Real Estate Economist Talks About Some Of Those Offers You Can t Refuse" And What Can Make Them A Little Safer LAYING TILE BY THE NUMBERS: A Com ractor And His Subs Get Involved With The Wright Brothers. Old Photographs. And Computerized Ceramics In This Wild Construction Tale AGC PHOTOGRAPHY CONTEST: A Look At Last Year's Winners (Several Thousand Dollars Worthl And A Reminder That The 73-74 Contest Is Nearing The Entry Deadline SPECIFICATIONS: An Architect Talks About Specifi cations Which Confuse Rather Than Help. And Pro poses Some Changes He Feels Could Benefit Owner. Architect And General Contractor FROM RUTS TO ROADS: A Historical Look At The Development Of Highways From The Prim 1 live Path Through The Woods To Today s Modern Miracles PROCAST: Announcement Of Major Expansion By The U.S. Steel Industry And Other Future Construction Market Items Of Interest EDITORIAL. PUBLISHING AND ADVERTISING OFFICES: 1957 E' St. N.W.. Washington. D C. 20006 (202/393-20401 PUBLISHER james M. Sprouse EDITOR: Taylor Gregg EDITORIAL CONSULTANT. William E Dunn ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Benjamin Roms PRODUCTION MANAGER: Elizabeth Danieli ART EDITOR: Ioanna Harris SPECIAL SECTIONS EDITOR: Vaughn Smarti ADVERTISING PROMOTION MANAGER. Donna L. Bailey BUSINESS MANAGER: Edward C Boss CIRCULATION MANAGER: Delores Carbaugh CONSTRUCTOR DECEMBER 1973 >*^s l . * "y r: ,-i ip YOU HAVE so far ignored the *. >\ -r,* fate1 Jurisdictions -"f -riphe prime *<mrtactor anff any fife ^plications at the passage ofDm ^ .^^^Contractors should also besiwurs .--CLcontraaton shell be deemed to have ^-.i Construction Safety-Act . whether or not they fell under jototresponsibility.'' . A> s OAc^c..uMpattti*onnaall QSaaffenthyi banid<1 * thei*ju--riisJdi-ictJti--o--n--o-*f--a state--p --ro- gram. g^th Act (OSHA). ttla time for - -State plans are now under federal J V liability mder OSHA '.--N' you to face the facta before you are (iced with s *50.000 legal action. General contractors must under- review in some 49 states or tern- tonal entities. State standards are. required to be "as effective as" but . -'However. this recognition of a contractual relationship between parties is not applicable to the - mod their employer obligations not necessarily "identical with" question of liability under OSHA. Oder the new safety and health the federal program. A good rule Under OSHA, the criteria are sim gandards. the expanded range and of thumb is to worry about meeting ply a) who had control oyer con Baits of their potential liabilities the federal standards, unless the ditions and b) who was aware of a common law, tort, negligence, state program is more stringent,- ' . conditions and in a position to breach of express or implied war which is rarely the case. correct them, but did nothing. The ranty. fraud, and misrepresentation, and policies and procedures related Who is Responsible? -point is that neither a prime con tractor nor a subcontractor can tsinspections, citations, penalties, When the safety or health of an delegate away OSHA responsibility. ad variances. employee is impaired, who is However, it is perfedly permissible OSHA Adopts Federal Regulations hable? Under OSHA. the employer is responsible lor all acts of em for him to put clauses in contracts indemnifying himself if actions or Although the Federal Construe- : ployees unless, as stated in Section omissions of others cause him to boa Safety Act was originally 17(k) of OSHA, "the employer did ' suffer loss under OSHA. Such pro- aeant to apply only to federal not. and could not with the exercise: ' tective clauses should be incorpo contract construction. OSHA has adopted these Federal Contract of reasonable diligence, know of rated into purchase, service, con- the presence of the violation.'' - The -drudion, lease and other contracts. Regulations to apply to all construc relationship of the prime contractor tion work in both the federal and to the subcontractor (i) in -deter ' Obtaining Variances private sectors. Hence, a contractor mining the responsible party is Vi Employers have the right to apply nay be cited for violation of stand -dearly spelled out in Subpart 8 of - 'lervariances'from the standards ards under either Part 1910 (OSHA) Section 1926.16(b) of the Safety and _ when sound reason is demonstrated. ot Part 1926 (Federal Construction Health Regulations for Conatruo- ' Variances may be temporary, Safety Act) of the Code of Federal Regulations, and is subject to the penalties of both. Penalties under tion. It states that. "By contracting for full performance of a contract.. the prime contractor assumes all permanent, experimental, or related to National Defense. A temporary variance may be grantec^under the the Federal Contract Regulations ay amount to contract cancel lation or blacklisting from addi tional federal contract* for a* long as three years, if the seriousness of tbs violation warrants it . obligations prescribed as employer , 'following conditions: (a) The conobligations under the standards -.'-fri: tractor is unable to comply because contained in this part, whether r - . of unavailability of professional not he subcontracts any part of the - or technical personnel or materials work." However, the subcontractor and equipment needed, or necesIs by no means devoid of responsi- -V ,,. sary construction v alteration However, the contractor is pro- v_ bllity. The bounds of his'rosponai- `.'cannot be completed, (b) He is taaed in one respect by the dsio- ' vr. bility are defined in Section1926. 1 taking all available steps to safe tnne of "collateral eatoppefnr. -'* 16(c): "To the extent that a guard employees during the interim. i doable jeopardy. This assures that contractor of any tier egress - when an action by the government.. ^ perform any part of the contract, '() He has an effective program for coming into compliance as quickly touted under OSHA fails, a simi-iT' be also assumes responsibility for. ' as practicable and spells out the lar action cannot be brought again*;; complying with the standards in---:..:- practices, means, methods, oper "As contractor under the doth 9t.fe.VL' this part with reaped to that part. ations, and processes which will be &a Federal Coatroat %d.w'.- Thus, the prime contractor assumes adopted or used in the interim, 'ill ..the entire responsibility under the contract and the subcontractor and (d) He has certified that he has informed his employees of the sumes responsibility with respect application and an opportunity for * " -J his portion of the worL With -r:~\vwapnet to any subcontracted work."-' hearing. ; '. A permanent variance may be granted if the employer demon` evi- practices. , or processes used or proposed to be i i 28 I CONSTRUCTOR M A Y 1973 used will provide a place of em ployment which is as safe and healthful as if he had complied with the standard. An experimental variance may be granted to permit the employer to participate in an experiment designed to demonstrate or prove new and improved techniques to safeguard the safety or health of workers. The National Defense variance allows exemptions and tolerances for a period up to six months without notice to employees when the serious impairment of national security is at stake. How to Deal with Citations Twenty-five percent or more of the citations being issued are not technically supportable, that is, they are misapplications of the standard by the inspector. In many cases, there are alternative ways to meet the performance requirements or intent of a standard but these have not been spelled out or ap proved yet by OSHA. In the case in which employers are cited for a technical violation but meet the performance intent of the standard, they should contest the citation and apply for a variance. Upon receiving the certified mail notice of "proposed penaltiesor alleged violations ". the employer has IS working days in which to decide whether to contest such citations before the Occupational Safety and Health Review Com mission. It is important to keep in mind that whatever is not contested, is admitted to. In considering the fairness and validity of the "alleged violations", ' proposed penalties ". and/or abate ment period, the following ques tions can be helpful: 1. Should a meeting with the OSHA Area Director be requested to further clarify the allegations and proposals? 2. Have the standards or regu lations been reasonably interpreted by the inspector? 3. Do the regulations cited as violated really apply to the oper ation cited or were they really developed to apply to other, al though similar, operations? 4. Are there alternative ways of protecting the hazard which are better operationally and are as safe and healthful as the standard speci fies? 3. Does the citation for violation describe with particularity the nature of the violation, as is required by the law. including a clear reference to the provision of the Act. standards, rule, regulation or order alleged to have been vio lated? 6. Does the citation fix a reason able time for the abatement of the violation? Is it feasible? 7. Is the designation of the vio lation as serious or non-serious a reasonable one? If serious, is there a "substantial probability" that death or serious physical harm couid result? 8. Is the "proposed penalty" ap propriate with respect to the "size" of the business of the employer charged, the "gravity" of the vio lation. the "good faith" of the em ployer and the "history" of pre vious violations? The OSHA Act requires this. 9. Is the citation for a condition which "the employer did not. and could not with the exercise of rea sonable diligence, know of the presence of the violation " (Sec tion 17(k|] 10. Is there any question in your mind as to how to control the "al leged violation ", by using the stand ard or regulation as it is spelled out? If the "alleged violations ". "pro posed penalties" and "abatement periods" do not lead to a reason able answer to all the questions posed, they should be contested. Only in this way can contractors be assured of a fair, sophisticated administration of the safety and health standards. Penalty Adjustments To reduce proposed penalties, the employer should get credit for "penalty adjustment factors " when ever he can. These include: (1| a 50% credit for all non-serious vio lations corrected within the abate ment period. (2) up to 20% credit for demonstrated "good faith" efforts or programs showing an attempt to meet the purpose and intent of the law. (3) up to 20% credit for having a "past history" of compliance, cooperation, and voluntary safety program action, and (4) up to 10% credit for being a small business (less than 100 employees). No credit is allowed for serious violations corrected within the abatement period. Also, all serious violations start with a SI.000 penalty assessment subject to adjustment by good faith, past history, and size. Non-serious violations start with no penalty assessment, but arrive at one according to the extent of the violation, the severity of con sequences. and the number of workers exposed. Planning Ahead for (he Inspection Certain preparatory steps taken prior to an official inspection visit insure maximum ease and benefit and minimum loss or -conven ience. Try following these basic rules: Establish a "good faith" posture by demonstrating awareness and by projecting a helpful-rather than hostile or defensive-attitude. Wherever possible, indicate a past history of compliance. Be sure all reporting and record forms are up-to-date. Take notes on everything the inspector takes down: this provides your only record upon which to decide whether or not to contest an "alleged violation" or "proposed penalty". Make sure all possible questions are cleared up before the inspector leaves the worksite. In particular, make sure that all possible vio lations are clarified, and reasonable abatement periods are agreed upon. Also, come to an agreement as to the seriousness of any alleged vio lation. This judgment should be based on (1) the number of workers exposed. |2) the extent and degree of violation, (3| the seventy of injury which might occur, and (4| the probability of occurrence of the injury. fj 1 1 IA nrn hi \m NASHVILLE'S NEW FUEL CONSTRUCTOR AUGUST 1973 24 26 THE BUILDING industry is about to make a contribution to cleaner air A unique new thermal transfer plant presently under construction in Nashville. Tennessee, is designed to use solid waste (garbage, trash, etc.i as fuel for the production of both hot and chilled water. The idea for the plant was con ceived by Mayor Beverly Briley back in 1969 when city officials, in collaboration with l. C. Thomasson and Associates, were studying vari ous means of providing heating and cooling for several downtown pub lic office buildings. At the same time, the city was facing up to an impending crisis resulting from the rapid depletion of landfill areas used for the city's solid waste. It occurred to Mayor Briley to kill two birds with one stone, by building a plant which would.utilize solid waste as fuel for the heating and cooling facilities. Presently there are at least 18 plants operating across the country which use gas or electricity as an energy source in producing hot water or steam and. in some cases, chilled water. The principle of burning solid waste as a source of energy is itself well established. However, the Nashville plant is unique in that it burns solid waste to produce both hot and chilled water in one operation. The project has not been without setbacks. The first and perhaps most serious was the necessity of trimming more than a million dol lars from the lowest bid on the proj ect to meet the Bonding Company's requirements. Following a series of consultations between the contrac tor. subcontractors, suppliers, and the I. C. Thomasson and Associates, based in Nashville, the necessary belt-tightening measures were intro duced to trim the original $9,536,000 low bid by Foster 4 Creighton, ACC. down to the required $8,400,000. In addition to surmounting thes- initial hurdles, the actual constr*. tion of the energy complex faced ei other challenges. One of the cm' fu. main sewer lines runs through tit- . si. Jsite and plans had to be altered' I Tt- get around this problem. Cores' pi, plorations showed that the subsu: 30 face was of two distinct types, w:.: fo- the incinerator resting on solid rc for and the chilling plant on fill. The a\. latter situation was remedied b' pn sinking 80 piles of 10-inch steel en. weighing 43 pounds to the foot, r An ranging in length from 30 to 35 fe* dir Minor difficulties involved dec pla ing away an old existing dump s' coi relocating the spur of a railroac Mr. Wilbur F. Creighton |r . (Chi ua man of the Board) of Foster 4 os Creighton, far from being discour ser aged, commented that. "None oi (rn these problems were insurmour able --I guess you might say it sr for the course." Besides, the pr ect is slightly ahead of schedule de