Document MMeLgOroqGd9GgrQdaRdn3n99
July 19, 1994
HEAT STRESS POSTERS
Information for ordering Heat Stress Posters:
"Heat Stress May Cause Heat Illness"
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc.
6500 Glenway Ave.-Bldg. D-7
Cincinnati, Ohio 45211-4438
Phone: (513) 661-7881
Fax #:
(513) 661-7195
Set of two (2) posters for $5,00 each set.
Any Questions, please call Darlene x-6181.
Subject
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BUSINESS INFORMATION
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HEAT STRESS"!
THE BODY'S NORMAL RESPONSE TO HEAT Body Temperature Rises
Blood vessels dilate More blood flows to skin Increased heat flow from
center of body to skin
vectlon Radiation
Sweating begins
Evaporation
HEAT STRESS i THBMFIBEA'inUIRIB/IREILA'nWlH MUJMIlDinnf CHART
70 Relative Humidity
0% 64 10% 65 20% 66 30% 67 40% 68 50% 69 60% 70 70% 70 80% 71 90% 71 100% 72
AIR TEMPERATURES F 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
APPARENT TEMPERATI IKE F
69 73 78 83 87 191 95 99 103 107
70 75 80 85 TRT 95 100 105 111 116
72 77 82
93 99 105 112 120 130
73 78 84 90 96 104 113 123 135 148
74 79 86 93 101 110 123 137 151
75 81 fifi 96 107 120 135 150
76 82 90 100 114 132 149
77 85 93 106 124 141
78 86 97 113 136 79 R 102 122
80 El. w?
Source: The National Weather Service, Alvin, Texas lb
2
POT STRESS
TEMPERATURE/RELATIVE HUMIDITY CHART
AIR TEMPERATURES *F
70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
Relative
APPARENT TEMPERATURE 'F
0% 10% 20% 30%
40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
64 69 73 78 83 87 91 95 99 103 107
65 70 75 80 85
95 100 105 111 116
66 72 77 82 87 93 99 105 112 120 130 67 73 78 84 90 96 104 113 123 135 148
68 74 79 86 93 101 110 123 135 151
69 75 81 nn 96 107 120 132 150
70 76 82 90 100 114 132 149
70 77 85 93 106 124 141
71 78 86 97 113 136
71 79 -88- 102 122
72 80 .21.m.
^Source:: T1 he National Weather Service, Alvin, Texas
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This chart shows how a combination of heat and humidity can produce apparent temperatures as much as 15 to 30 degrees higher than the actual mercury readings.
The apparent temperature appears in the square where the air temperature column and the humidity line meet.
The readings within the bold box make up the "danger zone" where heat stroke or collapse are more likely to occur.
V
The heat stress index may go off the scale when the sun comes out immediately after a summer thunderstorm and standing water is quickly evaporating.
HEAT STRESS i
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO HEAT STRESS ^ Age
Chronic or Recent Illness
Prolonged Exertion
Lack of Acclimation Poor Physical Condition
Use of Certain Prescription Drugs Recent Overindulgence in Alcohol
Previous Heat Stroke
II. C. 1/93
HEAT STRESS
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO HEAT STRESS Age
Chronic or Recent Illness
Prolonged Exertion
Lack of Acclimation Poor Physical Condition
Use of Certain Prescription Drugs '>7?' Recent Overindulgence in Alcohol
Previous Heat Stroke
931
Age - infants and elderly persons are at particularly high risk
Chronic illness or a recent illness (especially illness causing dehydration such as diarrhea and/or vomiting), mental illness or depression
Prolonged exertion under heat stress with inadequate time allowed for rest and fluid replacement
Obesity
The use of major tranquilizers, diuretics, and other drugs that may impair the ability to sweat or to regulate body heat
Previous heat stroke or severe heat exhaustion- an individual once affected should be exposed to subsequent
HEAT STRESS
acclimation schedule
Number of Days On the Tob
1
2 3 4 5 6
Recommended Heat Exposure % of Normal Daily Exposure
50 60 70 80 90
100
This chart represents a recommended schedule for introducing new non-acclimated workers to hot work areas.
Introduce new workers to heat exposure gradually.
Allow employees to adequately acclimate themselves to the heat following illness, vacation or absence from work of two weeks or longer.
Acclimation increases the heat tolerance while decreasing the risk of heat illness.
An acclimated worker can sweat more and have less increase in pulse rate and body temperature than the non-acclimated worker.
JHEAT^^
---------------- "" --------------- -------- 1
HEAT STRESS PREVENTION IMPERMEABLE CLOTHING WORK/REST SCHEDULE
Temperature Maximum Stay Time Minimum Rest Time*
(degrees F)
(minutes)
(minutes)
72-79
40
20
80-87
30
30
88-? 20
40
Rest in a cool location with adequate air movement provided by fans and/or air conditioners.
HEAT5TRE55
A
____
HEAT STRESS PREVENTION
IMPERMEABLE CLOTHING WORK/REST SCHEDULE
Temperature Maximum Stay Time Minimum Rest Time*
(degrees FI
(,minute?)
(minutes)
72-79
40
20
80-87
30
30
88-7 20
40
Rest in a cool location with adequate air movement provided by fans and/or air conditioners.
This chart gives a work/rest schedule for preventing heat stress while working in impermeable clothing.
It is based on the ambient air temperature.
Metabolism is the major source of heat load when working in impermeable clothing such as chemical protective clothing. The clothing severely limits sweat evaporation.
The following work practices are recommended to prevent heat stress while working in impermeable clothing.
Fluid Replacement - one quart prior to beginning of work and one quart each hour after that.
Self-paced work - workers must adjust the pattern of work to avoid over exposure. Exposure must be terminated with onset of symptoms of heat stress.
Scheduling - perform work, if possible, during cooler hours and share work loads with additional persons
Acclimation - following illness, vacation, or absence from work of two weeks or longer, follow approved acclimation schedule based on a five-day period.
Cool Vests - to be worn under the impermeable clothing.
HEAT STRESS
HEAT ILLNESS
Heat Rash
i
Heat Cramps
y Heat Exhaustion
Heat Stroke
i
Whenever the normal cooling actions do not occur a heat illness may result
Typical heat disorders include heat rash (prickly heat), heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke.
HEATSTRESS>
HEAT RASH
Symptoms
Skin rash Tingling or prickly feeling
Treatment Prevention
Avoid hot environments Avoid scratching Shower
Shower Dry thoroughly Change undergarments Stay in a cool place
II. E 1/93
JHEAT^TRESSJ
HEAT RASH
Symptoms
Skin rash Tingling or prickly feeling
Treatment Prevention ib
Avoid hot environments Avoid scratching Shower
Shower Dry thoroughly Change undergarments Stay in a cool place
11.1.1793
Heat rash also called Prickly Heat
Symptoms - skin rash over the arms/ shoulders, chest, and behind the knees accompanied by tingling or prickly feeling on the skin
Treatment - avoid hot environments and sunshine, avoid scratching, and take a shower after each activity that produces sweat
Prevention - after working in a hot environment, take a shower, dry the skin thoroughly, change undergarments, and stay in a cool place after work
See your physician
HEAT STRESS
HEAT CRAMPS
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Symptoms
Sudden onset of cramps Muscles are painful and "knotted"
Usually involves muscles doing work
Treatment
Move to a cool environment Remove any unnecessary clothing Call for an ambulance Gently massage affected muscles Provide sips of cool water
Prevention
Drink sufficient water Maintain a proper salt-balanced diet
IEAT STRESS
HEAT CRAMPS
Symptoms
Sudden onset of cramps Muscles are painful and "knotted" Usually involves muscles doing work
Treatment
Move to a cool environment Remove any unnecessary clothing Call for an ambulance Gently massage affected muscles Provide sips of cool water
Prevention
Drink sufficient water Maintain a proper salt-balanced diet
Symptoms include a sudden onset of cramps of the skeletal or abdominal muscles. Usually not serious or long-lasting but cause serious pain.
If the abdominal muscles are involved/ the attack may resemble appendicitis. Usually the muscles involved are those used in performing the job, such as the muscles of the arms and legs.
Cramps are sometimes seen in individuals who are otherwise healthy and in good condition. Heat cramps can occur when the temperature is not unusually hot or when the sun is not unusually bright.
May occur during or after work The cause is not fully understood.
Taking salt will not alleviate heat cramps and can actually be harmful. DO NOT TAKE SALT TABLETS! Rest, water and the opportunity to cool are necessary to alleviate the cramps.
An employee with abdominal cramps may not be able to tolerate water so do not delay transport to a medical facility where additional treatment can be administered.
Drink sufficient water starting at the beginning of the shift and continue throughou' ''<? shift.
tHEAT STRESS
HEAT EXHAUSTION
Symptoms Treatment
Pale, clammy skin Profuse sweating Extreme tiredness or weakness Headache, nausea, vomiting, fainting
Call for an ambulance Move to a cool environment Remove any unnecessary clothes Place victim on back with FEET elevated Provide sips of cool water
Prevention
lb
Maintain physical fitness Don't overdo on hot days Rest in a cool area regularly during the day Drink fluids from the beginning of the shift
r . L II. G. 1/93
/HEAT STRESS t HEAT EXHAUSTION
Symptoms
Pale, clammy skin Profuse sweating Extreme tiredness or weakness Headache, nausea, vomiting, fainting
Treatment
Call for an ambulance Move to a cool environment Remove any unnecessary clothes Place victim on back with FEET elevated Provide sips of cool water
Prevention
Maintain physical fitness Don't overdo on hot days Rest in a cool area regularly during the day Drink fluids from the beginning of the shift
-------------------nr g. 1/931
The major signs of heat exhaustion are pale, clammy skin, profuse sweating, and extreme tiredness or weakness. The victim may have headache, nausea, vomiting, and/or loss of appetite. The victim may faint
An individual with any signs or symptoms of heat exhaustion should be treated as for mild shock. Care should be immediate. While someone is calling for the ambulance, move the employee to a cool environment. If the person is conscious, offer small amounts of cool water to drink. Do not delay prompt transport to a medical facility. Maintain proper cardiovascular fitness through proper exercise and diet.
Remember, thirst is not an adequate stimulus to maintain sufficient fluid in the body.
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iHEAT STRESS
HEAT STROKE
Symptoms
Red or flushed skin Hot dry skin Extremely high body temperature Rapid and weak pulse
Dizziness/ nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, and loss of consciousness
Treatment
Prevention
lb
all for an ambulance Begin cooling the victim immediately
lace on back with the HEAD elevated
ponge or splash with cool water and fan
aintain cardiovascular fitness Work in shade with ventilation Rest often in cool area Drink fluids at regular intervals Do hardest work early in the day Share the workload
II. H. 1/93
HEAT STRESS Symptoms
HEAT STROKE
Red or flushed skin Hot dry skin Extremely high body temperature Rapid and weak pulse Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, and loss of consciousness
Treatment
all for an ambulance egin cooling the victim immediately lace on back with the HEAD elevated
ponge or splash with cool water and fan
Prevention
aintain cardiovascular fitness ork in shade with ventilation est often in cool area Drink fluids at regular intervals Do hardest work early in the day hare the workload
tl. H. 1/93"
SYMPTOMS: Heat stroke is the least common but the most serious form of heat stress. It occurs when heat exposure overwhelms the body's mechanisms for dissipaing excess heat. Sweating, a major mechanism for heat loss, ceases. Heat continues to build up in the body to the point where body cells, particularly those in the
brain, can be permanently damaged. There is usually a history of prolonged exposure to heat, particularly in a humid environment. There is a sudden onset of symptoms (hot, dry skin although a person may have been sweating
profusely earlier). Body temperature of 106F. There may be convulsions and/or muscle twitching. TREATMENT: Heat stroke is a true LIFE-THREATENING EMERGENCY! The body temperature rises so high so rapidly that brain damage and death will result if cooling
doesn't take place quickly. Call for an ambulance immediately when heat stroke is suspected. Begin cooling victim by splashing or sponging with cool water and fanning while waiting for the
ambulance Transport to a medical facility as quickly as possible. Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Do not give the victim stimulants such as coffee, tea, or cola beverages. Recognition and early treatment can prevent permanent brain damage and death. PREVENTION: Maintain cardiovascular fitness through proper exercise and diet. Work in shady areas, if possible, with plenty of ventilation. Drink fluids at regular intervals, such as every 20 minutes, starting at the beginning of the shift. Share the work load with another worker when possible If possible, do the hardest work early in the day when it is cooler
HEAT STRESS
|
THE BOIDY" HOIRMAIL BESIPOHSE TO HEAT
Body Temperature Rises
Blood vessels dilate More blood flows to skin Increased heat flow from
center of body to skin
Convection Radiation
Sweating begins
Evaporation
Reduction in body temperature
rset
HEAT STRESS
TnHMFIBIRATUEE/IMIL^lWIB MJMnom OfflABOT
AIR TEMPERATURES F
70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
Relative
Humidity
APPARENT TEMPERA TITRF F
0% 64 69 73 78 83 87 191 95 99 103 107
10% 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 111 116
20% 66 72 77 8? fi7 93 99 105 112 120 130 30% 67 73 78 84 90 96 104 113 123 135 148
40% 68 74 79 86 93 101 110 123 137 151
50% 69 75 81 88 96 107 120 135 150
60% 70 76 82 90 100 114 132 149
70% 70 77 85 93 106 124 144
80% 71 78 86 97 113 136
90% 71 79 . ** 102 122 f) 100% 72 80 1 91 108
o
Source: The National Weather Service, Alvin, Texas
2
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^ HEAT STRESS |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IP1EMI88IBLIE HIATT E5SPOSIIM1 TTLVs
^
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (Degrees Fahrenheit)
WORK/REST
LIGHT WORK MODERATE WORK HEAVY WORK
Continuous work
86
80
77
Work 75%/Rest 25% 87
82
78
Work 50%/Rest 50% 89
85
82
Work 25%/Rest 75% 90
88
86
Light Work (up to 200 KCAL/HR): Sitting or standing to control machines, performing light hand or arm work.
Moderate Work (200-350 KCAL/HR): Walking about with moderate lifting and pushing.
Heavy Work (350-500 KCAL/HR): Pick and shovel work.
m
HEAT STRESS
ACCLIMATION SCHEDULE
Number of Days On the Tob
Recommended Heat Exposure % of Normal Daily Exposure
&
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V lb
2 3 4 5 6
50 60 70 80 90 100
or
HEAT STRESS
>
Ha(t Steess FffwmMna Him]pinmaM OtoftMiag WirMRsli Sdhsdlimll
Temperature (degrees F)
72-79
80-87
88- ?
Maximum Stay Time (minutes)
40
30
20
Minimum Rest Time* (minutes)
20
30
40
*Rest in a cool location with adequate air movement provided by fans and/or air conditioners.
Heat Index Table
Environmental Temperature (F)
70 75 80 85 90 95
Relative
% Humidity
Apparent Temperature
0 64 69 73 78 83 87
100 105 110 115 120 91 95 99 103 107
10 65
70
75
80
85
90
95 100 105 111 116
20 66 72 77 82 87 93 99 105 112 120 130
30 67 73 78 84 90 96
104 113 123 135 148
40 68 74 79 86 93 101 110 123 137 151
50 69 75 81 88 96 107 120 135 150
60 70 76 82 90 100 114 132 149
70 70
77
85
93
106 124 144
80 71 78 86 97 113 136
90 71 79 88 102 122
100 72 80 91
108
* Combined index of heat and humidity = what it "feels like" to the body.
How to Use the Heat Index Table 1. Locate theEnv. Temp, across the top row. 2. Locate the Ret. % Humidity down the left side. 3. Follow across and down to find the Apparent Temp. 4. Determine the Heat Stress Risk on the chart at the right.
Apparent Temperature
95-105 105-130
131 and >
NOTE: This Heat index chart is designed to provide general guidelines for accessing the potential severity of heat stress. Individual reactions to heat will vary. In addition, studies indicate that susceptibility to heat disorders tends to increase with age.
Heat Stress Risk with Physical Activity and/or Prolonged Exposure
Heat cramps or heat exhaustion possible Heat cramps or heat exhaustion likely. Heatstroke Possible Heatstroke highly likely
NOTE: Exposure to full sunshine can Increase Heat Index values by up to 15 degrees (F).
nurm 11/92