Document MMRM48Q23BKbXwV90vaR58rB9

FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1947 June DOC IHF101 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION IHF Report of Preliminary Dust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 Fifth Avenue ; Pittsburgh 13 Pa 225 REPORT OF PRELIMINARY DUST INVESTIGATION FOR ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTES JUNE 1947 BJ H.C.L. Hemson Head Engineer an = \ / June 18 1947 Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America Inc me By ; - John F. McMahon Managing Director 5-12.777 5-12.777 5-12.7 7 ** ** R 274 REPORT of PRELIMINARY DUST SURVEY for _ ASHESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE June 1947 OBJECT OF INVESTIGATION This project was a preliminary investigation of the asbesto problem in textile plents of members of the Asbestos Textile Institute with the immediate object of defining the specific nature and the rag tude of the problem in all its phases From such a definition the ch acter of a term project could be outlined An original objectiv most immediate importance was to facilitate the exchange of informati between member companies on successful methods of dust control and o wise to promote a general improvement in that field SUMMARY The facts upon which this report is based were obtained on > during the past three months to all plantosf Institute members exc one who wished the visit postponed to a later date Complete coop was extended at all plants Dr. C. Richard Walmer Medical Director Industrial Hygiene Foundation participated in visits to three plants in development of the medical concepts of this report The problem is seen to be composed of three aspects which discussed in three sections of the report and summarized herewith ar ENGINEERING MEDICAL and PHYSICAL TESTING Proliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Instituto June 1947 Weaving *. One plant has a superior method of suppressing dust in weaving wet methods and dust count records indicate a complete suppression of dush It involves a water spray head mounted above the warp the rear of the ' harness with a mechanical screw arrangerent for constant moverent of the | head transversely to the warp They believe it to be more offective than system common in several plants wherein the warp is passed over wetted role It is apparently not practical to recommend 100 per cent wet wea throughout the industry Moreover we are satisfied that it is practical w control dust in this operation by local exhaust where dry wearing is cons ed imperativefor special properties of the cloth One of the best exhaust arrangements includes an exhaust opening directly under the warp at the re of the harness frame with a slot exhaust opening carried by the lay bean latter connected to the stationary part of the exhaust syston either by flexible hose arrangement or by an all metal swivel joint Duct Work The actual arrangement of duct work and exhaust fan present no usual problems where good practice in sheet metal fabrication is followed points are of sufficient importance to require emphasis .. Special care ab be exercised in the fabrication to avoid sharp projections on the inside | create points of lodgement for fibers Secondly it must be designed to . vide adequate transporting volocities Velocities below 2000 ffm in the experience of the industry may permit sottlement of material and gradual clogging Therefore allowing a margin of safety the design should prow for velocities of 3000 fpm Te June 1947 AR EUS A EO AT LLU dL bok eh wes y The problem of distribution of planned air flows to the differen branches of the systeims of importance in the design of all dust oxhaust systers The use of dampers in branches to adjust air flows is avoided in the test systoms Their function in effecting balance between branches best attained in the original design Design procedures to effect this jective are available but will not be elaborated at this point Dust Collectors Five plants in the survey employ the known burlap dust bo s. . for filtering air from various exhaust systems . The favored filtering ahe ahe is determined on the basis of one square foot for each air flow of 2 cfm eee . ee To Most arrangements are such as to permit cleaning by whipping with a bambo pole or a buggy whip by men who remain on the clean air side of the filter cloth In one systen the mon are required to enter the dust sido for da ing purposes and cleaning is carried out once weekly with the ^...ce central station vacuum cleaner Fractices in different plants to frequency with which the burlap filter is freed of its dust are variabl load by why:bao. While these dust collectors work well we are not prepared to = iy mend then to the exclusion of some commercial types of filters having m shakers Several engineering elements enter into the design of a dust or system involving principally a proper estimate of pressure drop in _: im ments of the system and especially that through the filter proper tack FP) If the pressure drop estimate in the filter is incorrect the system will oporate properly If the basic resistance of the filter i.e. that immolatimmolat ly after shaking the cloth is subject to a constant increase over a pe Juno toe sya, Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Instituto ti , 1947 a serious lack of information prevails generally on this aspect of the problem The story in North Carolina is worth special mention This state instituted 10 years ago a system of periodic medical examinations for all workers in dusty industries and hence all asbestos textile workers have boen rayed and clinically examined for a longer period on a periodic bas than any other asbestos textile plant in this group If the state examine finds that workers should discontinue their employment because of rapidly developing asbestosis they have the authority to effect this change They =... see to it that workers who should receive workman's compensation due to dis abling asbestosis are processed So far as we have been able to escortain neither ovent has occurred to any employee of the two North Carolina asbest plants in this group These observations suggest that there may well be a marked diver in medical procedures of asbestosis interpretations and attitudes respecting the . diagn There is a very urgent need for a concerted cooperative medical effort to develop improved diagnostic procedures and uniformity of interp tation EN PTee ie 0 Survey .' Preliminary Dust June 1947 Survey for AsbestAos Assbebstoes stos Textile Institute , Mesa 2. APPRAISAL OF FREUCED DUST HAZARD Having reached a degree of dust control represented by the dust count limit limit five million it is then proper to ask What degree of assurance is afforded by existing knowledge that asbestosis will not in fact develop in the future if dustiness is kept below that level If there are factors at present unknown that will indicatea | need for still better dust control what will that limit be The information available does not permit complete assurance tha five million is thoroughly safe nor has information been developed permittime | a better estimate of safe dustiness It is nevertheless of the greatest importance either that such assurances be sought or a new yardstick of accomplishment be found for ac curately measuring any remaining hazard in the dust zone below five million for the elimination of future asbestosis depends upon the degree of contre effected now Measurement of Dustiness One basis of uncertainty as to applying present conventional counting techniques to the measurement of asbestos dust hazards below the five million level is summarized in the question -- are the fibers of aster the causative agent or the fibrous cubical particles that look like those of other industrial dusts The fibrous particles in most textile operations comprise 80-95 per cent of the total dust seen in dust counting While it is proven that asbestos dust is the cause of asbestosin there is no certain information as to what shape or size of dust is the causative factor The correlation studios of the U.S.Public Health Service June SovagG wind Surv Surv for Asbestos Textile instituteinstitute | 1947 IMPORTANCE OF FERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS ' One of the most important elements of a program of protecting heal . of workers in dusty occupations is the periodic medical examination The l of scientific information regarding all aspects of asbestosis is serious This carnot be emphasized The obvious procedure to help overcome th deficiency is to employ every tool now available that will throw more light the facts The importance of the periodic medical ray examination can pow haps best be emphasized by stating that dust count investigations cannot p^/ | the present state of knowledge give us assurance as to the extent of cur suc cess in eliminating the hazard : Regular emminations cerve to protect the worker by giving early dication of health impairment due to dust and permit intelligent action to taken to avoid further serious health deterioration This is particularly true if the detection is early enough and there is no progression to late stage asbestosis More important for the long term the accumulation of factual in- formation regarding the health status of exposed workers statistically int preted in relation to dustiness studies and to mechanical developments in -. control equipment will eventually indicate when the battle of asbestosis - trol is being won This aspect of the problem is elaborated in the followin | section The inventory provided by such medical program is just as impos a to intelligent action in this problem as material inventeries are to the proper conduct of business hs ESO CE T A . Survey for : '! Preliminary Dust Asbestos AsAsbestobs estos Textile a June 1947 Institute a II MEDICAL PRESENT MEDICAL FACILITIES AND PRACTICES Every plant has connections with a local specialist in radiology ' who is employed for disgnostic work on an irregular basis Three have thes own rey machines used by the local specialist but only one has a well- established schedule of periodic medical examinations Half of the plants have no positive information as to the incider of asbestosis among their workers The situation is these respects is in- dicated in Table II TABLE II PRESENT PRACTICES AND FACILITIES AS TO MEDICAL FAY EXAMKTIONSEXAMKTIONISNIN VARIOUS PLANTSPLANTS Plant A B C A E ... G H I J Recent ray- Survey Made Yes | No Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yos Periodic ray Examinations Made No No , No No No No No Yes No No Have Own ray Machine Yes Mi _ No (nF No No . No = No . | No - Yes No JM Yes Within last few years and results available to plant or its physician t ++, Proliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute June 1947 I- ENGINEERING PRESENT STATUS OF DUST CONTROL Practically all plants visited have had one or more dust count a veys made of their operations and these data were available for the presen study In addition a few samples were taken by the investigator in most . These records were studied and a range of concentrations judged most representative selected for the summary given in Table I. Where relat ly extreme values appear it is an indication of too few data to permit a =3 . estimate | Figures in the last column are selected to indicate the magnitude readily attainable dust concentrations with dust control measures now in - use or judged to be most typical of an operation where no special dust on measures are employed e.g. ring spinning Discussion of Concentrations The available dust count data for operations in the preparation are highly variable and reflect the poorer accuracy in sampling inherent in operations that are intermittent and miscellaneous in character These fig are therefore considered much less reliable than those for other departm The figures for carding room dustiness indicate that with reason good enclosuarned exhaust of the machines concentrations well below thre million are obtainable Four of the plants visited exceed the five milli limit materially All the data for mule spinners exposure indicate a wide variation dustiness ranging from two to eight million but the volume of data are st Prelinirary Dust Surve y for Asbestos Textile Institute, / June, 1947, *SUNVId SHUNOD LNAI 2-3 NI Spinning JOUINGD AOVGAV Spining 2-4 ISN 2-6 40 1-2 SALVIS 2-4 INaszd L TeotdLy, TO1zU0gU3TA aojlog wre - G- L-t -T - qeoy DIFFERENT DESCRIBED DESCRIBED TERMS OF AVERAGEDUST AVERAGEDUST COUNTS G G-0k F I 02 - 1-3 H - ESN - g - l-h L-S 10-25 4-12 4-12 3 2-4 2-3 6OT-2) 30-50 = a grt Fre FA 2 ne CGT - ca : EFT 5-8 2-4 2-10 - 13-18 oo a 6- < 2-5 - 1-5 2-10 2-10 2 | 9 = L-G 2 -7 9 - LG GUIl - = Wt, <-T T F); 5- e-TCE-2 aa <-T G-t Gt G-t - - -2 9-2 2a 4-2 Suy ds Duy ds voy buy Buy guy wavdorg preg ony Supy BvyWAL avay todsSuypuy Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute Institute June 1947 great enough to yield a good average Concentrations for ring spinning w from one to five million although there is no strong indicatioinn the av data of marked differences between this operation and mule spinning There is a similar wide variation in date for twisting two to million but there is some justification in these date for the opiniowni held that this is one of the dustier operations in the finishing end of W It is believed that occasional high values in both ring spinning and twin reflect in some cases the compling procedure If the large impinger is tained in one location and there is a strand breakage in that immediato : theresulting whipping dust will be reflected in that single sample and woul not therefore be representative of the worker's exposure | Dustiness in weaving operations reflects the use of water for controiln some plants and exhaust systems in others The lowest concent tions of one to two million obtained in Plant A reflect highly efficient weaving methods there employed Concentrations less than four to five of are readily attainable by local exhaust methods as indicated by the resu several plants The data for spooling and winding operations are included for . pleteness but reflect miscellaneous operations and conditions The dust ported is often due to the effect of other machinery in the same room considerations therefore affect the reliability of these data as in the of operations in the preparation roon 'Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Instituto Juno 1947 EXISTING DUST CONTROL FRACTICES The following discussion of dust control practices in the industr is merely an outline To be useful to those who are responsible for the engineering in each plant they will need to be set forth in the form of detailed specifications describing details of construction specification for sheet Estal contractors for purchase of fans of proper capacity and design and operation of dust collectors Preteration Highly variable practices prevail in different plants and the mis cellaneous character of operations within a single plant makes it impracti to formulate many general statements However it may be said that such .. trol is is realized results from the use of modern equipment that is well closed and which usually incorporates pneumatic conveyors with ceiling com densers The large movement of air involved in pneumatic transport serve useful additional purpose of preventing the escape of dust from the prima equipment Discharge of stock from ceiling condensers into bins stock - be or feed hoppers is a dust usually not under control The blending operats is another source which is often not satisfactorily controlled With the ception of these two common operations most of the dust control procedu quired will be moroor less specific for each plant Carding As has been noted reduction ofdustiness in carding to concent tions of three million or less is easily attained by good enclosure of t machine and carefully designed exhaust Moreover experience of several Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Instituto June 1947 companies proves that it does not interfere seriously with manufacturing operations nor with quality of roving produced Our investigations indicate the superior advantages of having '. :. walls of the enclosure of wood to facilitate small clearance by rubbing tact at the edge of the main cylinder thus avoiding excessive air infil tion at that point Wood covers have the advantage of resistance to cru which was evident in installations with sheet metal covers Connection of the enclosure to the exhaust system by means of bers of ample dimensions i.e. large sectional area is of rajor portance to avoid localized high air velocities close to the webbing in main cylindor This detail was not always observed In view of similar degrees of success judged by dust counts tween various installations the best criterion of superior design as tails of exhaust from the machine was in the relative economy respectin rather volume of air exhausted per machine Our observations indicated treme variations as indicated in the following table of exhaust rates p carding set in five representative plants Plant Air Exhausted Per Set 7. fats Bool 1500 cfm 2200 cfm E 3800 cfm G 5400 cfm \ B 4^' \ 2000 cfm A It is apparent from this investigatithoant 2000-2500 cfm por ' of breaker and finisher cards is ample exhaust capacity if the system properly designed Preliminary Dust June 1947 : SurveySurvey for AsbesAstboesstos TTeextile xtile Institute Institute All five of the systems described in the table serve their purs satisfactorily from the viewpoint of operation but it does not mean that they would be equally satisfactory to others Thus the plant with high :. haust capacity G has a unique interplant tunnel connection so that ext heat from another plant supplies replacement air without added cost for ; or winter discomfort spacious by Plant E controls dust roca exhausted at a rate completely housing each pair of cards of 2000 cfm Sidewalls are easily rem ed for repairs Most plents would not prefer this arrangement " As far as the dust count data can show the card room of Plant with 2200 cfm is equal if not superior to that of Plant E with 3800 off recently installed system ) The fundamental features of best card dust control systems obe . , are as follows ~ ; 1. Wood enclosure with hingeing arrangement 2 Liberal clearance between worker rolls and curve of cover permittianigr passage at low velocity 3.. Large chamber connection on cover to duct 4. Duct branch not over " preferably 4 5. No blast gate dampers in branch line 6. ExhaustExhaust influence over comb either by extension of main cover or by separate hoods 7. Exhaust space under machine not over 4 duct 8. Enclosure and exhaust of food hopper not over 4 duct Two installations include en exhaust branch to prevent the ca dust originating in the space between the ring doffers and the main cylin  Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute June 1947 Institute erg of weeks the syston operation will suffer Apparently some of the older commercial flat bag type of collectors did exhibit that difficulty Modis cations in the design of such units have however been incorporated in m recent models and those difficulties may have been eliminated Two plants employ commercial collectors of the flat beg or enve type Another plant uses a cloth tube commercial collector and also one . filtering element is of paper which is replaced at intervals of several z A study of operating details of these commercial collectors is indicated ~ this study including considerations of original cost and operating cost Recirculation Several plants return air from the dust collectors to the worked conserve heat in the cold weather We are not prepared at this point eit to condone or to condemn this practice except in cases where there is obvi ly leakage of dust through the filter and consequent recontamination of th air inside the plant The practice is generally frowned upon where dusts . Cae _ that are hazardous to health are being handled eee We believe there are . certai circumstances where the practice might be permissible provided adequate g guards are incorporated in operating procedures The large volumes of air involved in dust control represent a tremendous problem as to heat loss boilor capacity which cannot be passed over lightly ' Proliminary Survey eo. : Dust for Asbestos Textile Instituto June 1947 oro TOE HSETE, WY eit oe ESTIMATED INCIDENCE OF ASBESTOSIS The incidence of asbestosis among employees of those plants where employees were examined in recent years shows a marked variation as indic ed by the following. A Make Make past about Plant 20 per cent has and recorded in the cases diagnosed as asbestosis to the exten nine years has compensated on the aver two cases per annum Total textile employment about 400 Plant C on the basis of a recent systematic survey estimates asbestosis incidence to bo about three to four per cont PlantD has results from an incomplete survey in which four cas were found among those volunteering for examination with a total textile o ployment of around 150. They have compensated one case in about 10 years Three more are pending Plant EE with a textile employment of 300 finds five or six cases J annually that the physician believes show early changes due to asbestos Plant J has counted potential cases of asbestosis amounting in numbetro about 20 por cent comparable with Plant The other plants have conducted no systematic ray surveys of their own and have no information as to incidence among their employees None of these has had cases requiring compensation While we have no complete data on history of employment and labe. turnover in the several plants it is apparent that there is at least oug ficially a marked inconsistency in this picture Also it is clear that - Preliminary Dust Juno 1947 Survey Survey fofror habohstaosbostos Textile Institute STATISTICAL STUDIES OF MEDICAL RECORDS . There are two very important questions concerning the physiological answered nature of asbestos that have not yet been | by any published investi a | gation 1. . What is the expectation of asbestosis in workers exposed not than 15-20 years to low concentrations of asbestos dust Among the 500-00 workers who composed the subjects in the U.S. Public Health Service study there were abnormally few who had been exposed for more than 15 years and practically none over 20 years These facts seriously affected the conclu- - sions that could be drawn 2. Is there a progression to advanced asbestosis after exposur an individual has been discontinued or has been reduced to very low level. due to action of dust deposits from earlier exposure This question is on in very great importance to intelligent medical supervision of workers the | | plants It is virtually certain that statistical investigations of exige records would throw valuable light on these questions None of the plants visited during this inquiry have sufficient systematic extensive and records to provide satisfactory answers to these questions but the medical department of Metropolitan Life Insurance Commu under Dr. A. J. Lanza have rays of a number of men obtained in the case 1930's which could provide the nucleus of some useful information depent on how many of the original group are available for ray _ Dust Survey Proliminary ''. for Asbestos Textile Instituto , Te 100 June 1947 The question as to whether a plant should purchase its own ray equipment is an economic one involving consideration of cost of local outst medical and ray facilities and of loss of employce tire in travel etc. Diamontic Panel To further the objective of improvement and uniformity in diagnos procedures , a medical section of the program is proposed in the form of a MEDICAL ASHESTOSIS PANEL to be composed of outstanding medical men in this field and of the physician designated by each company as the one responsib for its medical and diagnostic work The composition as to outside medical personnel of this panel would be determined by its objectives the assembling of the best possible medical brains and the mutual education in diagnostic procedures that comes from exchanges of scientific experiences and information The panel would meet perhaps annually and consider the si nificance of ray films and other clinical data brought to the group by ea participating physician Dr. C. Richard Walmer's services would availab for the organization and other details for Asbetos ', Proliminary Dust SurveySurvey June for 1947 | AsAsbbestos estos Textile Institute Institute Institute I The most outstanding store of information is in the records of the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the North Carolina Department of Heal who in accordance with state law have rayed workers in this and other dusty industries almost annually for the past 10 years A study of these , records would undoubtedly cast much light on the question of progression Through officials of the company members in North Carolina we already hav assurances of their full cooperation in any investigations and although w have not discussed the matter with them directly as to details there is every reason to suppose that the desired information would be made availabl to us for the purposes described In addition a general ray and medical survey of workers in or or two plants with a long history of high order of dust control would be 7: great value for this purpose e . & a June @ et Proliminary Dust SurveySurvey for habhosatbosostos Textile Institute 1947 x employed conventional dust count techniques which in effect related incide particles ranging of asbestosis to the number of fibrous | of a size from to five or 10 microns For illustration illustration suppose the causative dust element is something different c.g. fiters that less than 50-60 microns long and less the 1-2 microns in diameter The conventional dust count method would be satis factory only if there were a fairly constant ratio between the two types of dust it would in that case provide an adequate index ; Syn Preliminary Studies on Qualities of Asbestos Dust With a view to eventual development of supplementary methods for measuring asbestos dust concentrations on a weight basis we have conducted sone preliminary studies directed to the colorimetric determination of tots silica in the minute quantities of asbestos dust obtained in a typical atmon pheric sample This requires development since it could provide a valuable tool for further investigation microscopic particles and fibers e Another aspect of the dust examination problem on which preliminat work has been done involved studies with the electron microscope We poseb the two following questions _ 1. Ordinary dust particles , one three microns in diameter ou prise most of the particles in the dust count They look like ordinary in- dustrial dust and we refer to them as cubical as distinguished from fibre parttcles The question is are these particles in fact fibrous or su they bundles of fibers 4, Preliminary Dust Survey Survey forfor AAssbbesetoss tos Textile Textile . Institute June 1947 OF mre III - PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DUST COUNTS e Correlation between development of asbestosis and some pertinent measure of dustiness e.g. dust counts can be developed by periodically | serving and recording data on both aspects - periodic medical examinations of exposed workers together with the periodically measured dust exposure of each Ecwever to be useful for preventive purposes , theseprocedures have to be extaded into the past whorever data is availab.c This was the procede ure employed in the studies of the U.S.Public Health Service in North Carol plants Public Health Bulletin No. 241 1938 The main value of dust counts in asbestos plants is to obtain date on dust concentrations that can be compared with that study and thus lead conclusions as to probability of development of asbestosis in the particul plant being studied In that study dustiness of different occupations was measured in the usual manner and also the incidence of asbestosis by medical and ray examinations of the men employed A statistical comparison of the two set data led the investigators to the conclusion that new cases of asbestosis would probably not occur if dust control measures were undertaken ensure that no dust exposures exceeded five million particles per cubic foot measured in the same manner Preliminary Dust Survoy for Asbestos Textile Instituto , June 1947 Soinring Mankiim Mankiim One plant has installed ventilation for their ring spinning fre which management believes has reduced dust in this operation It consist in a series of exhaust openings under the frame near the floor running the length of each frame Tirs did not permit demonstrating to our cun satisfaction whether a measurable improvement had been effected or not This should be done by a scries of dust measurements with exhaust on and off The volume of air exhaust is insufficient to effect a true local a haust action and if it is effective it must therefore be an effect of simple dilution Twisting Interest in control of dust from twisters is widespread in the dustry and Plants A and B have installed an exhaust system like the one scribed for the spinning frames in Plant A. Here again the operators de a marked improvement has resulted Dust count data is needed that will measure the degree of improvement Winders Machin MachinClandeston Clandeston Clandeston Cop winders have been exhausted in Plants A and B with report beneficial reduction in dustiness We do not have quantitative quantitative data on point The exhaust arrangement for Foster winders was developed many yo ago and is well known The tendency to elimination of this machine raks the problem one of little practical interest now In most plants dust from other equipment such as spinning ~~ twisting which are commonly in the same room is of greater importance - that from winding operations Preliminary Dust Survey forAsbestos Textile Institute Institute June 1947 yardstick because it is suggested that when control below five million i attained present dust count methods may not properly measure the remainin hazard A detailed summary of recommendations for a long investige is given at the end of this report June 1947 Engineering -- Mechanical methods were seen in use in one or plants which effected practical dust control in all operations bringing concentrations down to five million or lower with one or two exceptions is proposed to prepare formal detailed descriptions of these methods for | al distribution to members of Asbestos Textile Institute Medical Supervision of Workers -- Only five plants have had an medical ray surveys of employees In the others therefore there is a serious lack of information as to the incidence of asbestosis The lack serious more in sense because in most of these plants no compensable . of asbestosis have occurred to draw attention of top management to the pr- While the medical survey conducted by one plant recently shows only about per cent of the employees with asbestosis two other plants appear to hav 20 per cent of their employees affected Medical supervision of workers in this industry is of utmost in portance for the protection of both employee and employer not to mention considerations Therefore it is strongly recommended that each plant in tute a program of medical and ray examinations of all exposed workers ac early as practical . Physical Testing Dust Counts etc. -- The maximum permissib dustiness for asbestos is commonly taken to be five million particles pr foot This represents good attainment in the dust control program It . phasized however that dust elimination to this extent does not positive sure that no asbestosis will develop in some workers after a long worling 9 s greater than 20-25 years Scientific evidence is obscure on this point recommended therefore that studies be initiated aimed to develop anothe - June vee wan ene y tom CY 1947 LUE ASUCe wu ac SA eat shad neha Se 2. Secondly -- since the limit of resolution of the microscope lenses used in dust counting does not permit seeing particles very much smal than one micron one may ask if there are many fibers of great length but a such small width that they are invisible Samples of atmospheric dust were obtained for examination by the electron microscope by mounting the small specimen slide used with this instrument the dust collecting zone of the electric precipitator In on to eliminate very large fibers the air being sampled was caused to pess fis fis through a glass spiral coated with adhesive on its interior This subjected the dust particles to centrifugal force and the largest ones would be precipitated out much as they might be in the nasal passages of man Studies with other industrial dusts employing this spiral indicate that very rarely do cubical particles larger than three to five microns suc ceed in passing through the several turns of the spiral In samples obtainedwith this apparatus in a card room having a good dust control we obtained pictures some of which are reproduced in the attached Figure They demonstrate first that the cubical particles seen by a low power microscope are in fact bundles of fiber resembling a life size handful of partially opened fibers The picture further demonstrated that there are many fibers of no siderable length some fully 50 microns whose other dimension is only a fraction of a micron the fiber is therefore invisible in the dust counting microscope a Ne: cr. . \A mYie % +4 eecy) id ae oe wrtee we \ a.o Ne Sy ~ rs [ ae aw ) i) . ~ ae T. "] i| \ o- ; vs t fe - - ! Vv . NX. 4 a7 "427 e ph c to Ton. 4 bia + F] . eye % . e ed1 a PHOTOMICROGRAPHS PHOTMICROGRAPHS 4 4, A rdTHIS a t~ p v < 4 t ~ e ct S|aon fi + . | os . EN 5 y a ne? leony am, 4 nm PRS . L * We \ an } ; e,- . .+ eraco Q . . ~ : . a< . ott~~ - Sn . ee os . ? oe 4 a, ? 7 *. ~ cr., aaa oh \. DN. . ve ! . esate | et 4 ; * vs . Y Ye, v . i : rn! ' . . . /; , 7 eee a { -ae te $ i de . t es 7 af ; Z URe, Gy 4 nye ty - tte '. \ : wT f oil. e ] * > - . vs { 8 wey:4 ~ @egueSShe yo ~ >+ . CS . . e BORNEsf _ . rT) 7d f DIAMETER MICRON fi ry. . . & - ON. bad fi eae , DUST DUST refs r MAGNIFICATIONMAGNIFICATION > Pe s." Q Y - QQ a a faore | ye XY 005S NOILVANO Q Lgod ~ SOLHESV YVALNVIG ANYOEU-IV { NOYIM JO ATIOVIO STL SHAVYDOINLHa NOULOAT Dust , Preliminary Prelimnary Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute T June 1947 They also showed some fibers a few microns in length whose diemes is only 0.01-0.02 microns although the commonest particles are bundles of ; fibers about 0.1 micron in width ; In addition to the light these observarions throw on the sub- microscope character of acbestos dust they are cited to indicate the othe qualities that might be pertinent to evaluation of dust exposure to supple rent the dust count technique now in use a Mi dn 4Ju%no 1947 J oe Muwey WW bide vb teh dD Uee k re INHEFENT DUSTINESS OF STOCK considered In investigations of the type being presently | a prim ain must be to develop improvements in dust control with the minimum of was motion and expensive experimentation on a plant scale At the stage of ' obvious development of the industryindustry causes of dust are very often not A | examination of dust count records made available to us combined with the . _ tests we performed ourselves , provide numerous instances of variation the cause of which is not apparent We undertook recently to measure the amount of dust in the roving different manufacturers by suspending a measured quantity of roving in alco then malding ^ dust count in the same manner as with air samples The resul would be expressed in millions ooff particles per yard of roving or per gram and would be of great advantage in relating differences in dustiness to the causative factor Such a measurement technique would be essential in appro | ing the actual value of oil We do not have sufficient data on this effort on which to draw con clusions There are difficulties to be overcome and the solution depends more laboratory experimentation test Another method which would be of value is a standardized = anical abuse of roving in a small vessel while sucking a stream of air wit resulting dust as in the sampling for ordinary dust counts A test of this kind in conjunction with the dustiness index would be of value in evaluat the oiling practice or it might take the place entirely of the procedure previously outlined 4 6 "a. ; + Preliminary Dust Survey for Asbestos Textile Institute , June 1947 OUTLINE OF PECCENDED PROCEDURES FOR ASBESTOSIS INVESTIGATIONS ; . ENGINEERING A. Dissorination of Existing Information . Provide factual information to Institute members with least poses ~ delay prepare bulletins with design sketches on some or all of several subjects listed below to be distributed singly as ready Additional field observations required in any cases ri Cardinz dust control for various makes of machines 2. Dust in preparation miscellaneous operations m Wet weaving equipment + Exhaust for Dry weeving 5. Exhaust for winders etc. 6. Design of duct work 7. Design of dust house B. Develotment of New Techniques for Dust Control this category the problems for which there are no present answers like twisting spinning appraisal of operation efficiency and cost of commercial dust collectors etc. Preliminary June 1947 DustSSurveyurvey for Asbestos Textile InstituteInstitute Institute II MEDICAL A. Institution of Periodic Medical Examinations This is urgently recommended to all companies Medical advice organizations as to upon request organizations procedures will be given by the Foundation B. Organization of a Diagnostic Panel for Asbestoris Arranged by the Foundation's Medical Director and organizedto scientific review meet in Pittsburgh at suitable intervals for scientific suitable of diagnostic problems reading of ray films etc. Panel to company consist of individual physician or medical consultants together with other medical authoritics to be determined C. Statistical Study of Existing Medical Records III Designed to find answers to important questions concerning medical and physical nature of asbestosis especially concerned with records of State of North Carolina Metropolitar Life Insurance Company etc. : PHYSICAL TESTING -- Further Dust Studies Studies of physical and chemical characteristics of asbestos dust designed in conjunction withmedical studies to provide more significant information concerning the nature of the dust exposure to develop supplementary techniques for measuring remaining asbestosis hazard after reduction of dust to meet the present standard to insure that effective control of dust has been attained 4 This is a step by step program aimed at the elimination of asbestosis cases from the plants of Asbestos Textile Institute members ELCTRON THIS PHOTMICRGAPHS CIRCLE OF 1 MICRON AIR-BONE DIAMETR ASBETOS - DUST - ' SareeLate: Ane es! SRL 3 tS Feit Het Pe i)fr! RE MAGNIFCTO 5500 X _ " 4 REP7 l l OAT ATA tL. i JHA33018 | Preliminary Investi- Xemorandum on U.3.Asbestos Ganacul Resort Preliminary Inc. Supplementing the Ganacul Resort gation for Asbestos Preliminary rust Investi- Textile Institute of June 1947 Rlassed Dust 1 10 Ring. General air in finisher card room at 2.6 2 6 Tins - Slatise to No. 1, mit at secatnes 6 ani bf, 2.9 taxes 3 10Xtzs, General air while .et .et walking up and 2.0 .et and 4 "12 Stns. _ General alalas taken ville valking up doma alalas of tristine 5.8 machines : distant from tristers Dust Dust Control Practices , " < <' ' " ' abunt yotas of this plant {es shown to effeet good resalte with the lowest rate ezhanst. our dutinaa " n ' 5 " < lo ser < about < " " 50 per coat greater air flow the extra capacity to liary branches). distributed auxi- Ygtica] ^...ia ' < vta- 'thosa d . tat tat not survey even though especially systematic with respect to time because of the policy of volantary exaainations. _ The incidence of asbestosis indicated by company records are ground , Mualled by one other plant but in the case of the latter there is diagnosis for doubt as to the accuracy of the eccording to the present medical director . JHM33020 . COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA July 11 1947 Manhela Hamorandum on U.S. Asbestos + Plant of Sappleaan ting The ' *Preliainary Dust Investigation for dabestos Textile Inatitutefi _ OF Jane, 1947 Ce Res Dustinean | ' ' " / "< the Sonnd Roport 2 nngs o coemtretion Liated Coluen Table 1, vas fired ea ezanioaiion. ta 4, by of the dust count data of recent years in company files vith a little vetebt ' taken at the .ts .ts .ts .ts .ts count data for the preparation department were not adequate for estimating average exposures Gast control in carding fs equalled by several plants, tut ts better we believe in the Charleston plant of this company Dastiness in veaving 1s believed to be the lovest in Our own dust counts made on March 19 are as follows the tndastry. JHM33019 Tenerendum on General Asbestos and iubber Plant of Kumbattan Inc. Supplementing the General Report Raybestos- Investigation Preliminary Bust for Axbestos Textile Institute of June 1947 Low and so would advise that arrangements be made with ir Fennel for a themighly complete survey without waiting for such changes & liberal mumber of samples in sach operation is required to establish average | | . figures East counts made by us are as followss ; Elapsed Number = Time Xins Location . Dust = Count - 10 General air near take and of card 0.2 machines distant from foreman's office 2 20 In tort breathing breathing folowing some of 2during412 splaner samalin2 opera- 0.4 3 13 In breathing zone of operator of Canter 0.6 Finder About 1/4 of dust branches . pingred by bobbin ' ' 4 20 General air taken while following with 0.5 in 6 to 7 feet of operator of ring spinatus fra ' n 20 General air in vicinity of & exhausted 0.6 loons dry a 10 In breathing some of operator of one 0.3 loam 7 10 Ceneral air taken while walking up 0.9 ant down alales of twisters Exhausted Exhausted 8 30 30 Same as No. 7 but exhaust system shut 1.8 off JHM33020 3 Xemorandus on General isbestos and Rubber Plant of MaytestosManhattan Inc. Supalementing the General Manart #Proliainery Sast Investigation Sor Asbestos Textile Inatitute of Juno, 1947. Aust Control Practices It is suspected that the unique fiber treatment in the preparation process may do much to reduce dustiness in subsequent textile The tanta described under Taherent Dustiness of Stock 205 resort) would Liluatnate tals potat wbea fully develosed. operations 26 coneral In the tabulation of card exhaust rates paka 8 general report _ ' " teileve somewhat better than control Plant & requiring about 5 per cent greater air flow per machine | All of the eight good features listed on page 9 vere observed on these cards. Ve ate of the oalnisa toat the 2 iscr cucts arranged &s exhaust the space between ring daffers and main cylinder is not fully effective due to rapid plugging but are convinced that the objective is worthwhile The plugging is caused by ineffective distribution of planned air flow which in turn, ls the result of gross differences in friction loss between the szall diameter and larger ilmaster brezoben referred to under Cuct Sure top page 12). Therels geae Lacication from nat count data of velue in the extat- ing exhaust syston but the data are fragmentary and inconclusive Te rould Lize to see several on ana off* teats sade alternately an geme cay Zor cone JHH33023 JHH33023 he demorandum on General Asbestos and fubber Plant of MaybestosKanhattan, Ince, Suaplesanting the Seoern) fonpoct "Preliutsery Cust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute of June 1947 Secical | Tuts plant ts one of those vitbeut sdequate inforsation as to the _ incidence or absence of asbestosis and we strongly recommend the institu- tisoaf a systen af sedical sazervision es indicated {a this cecticn 2 ths Ths last saragraph on page 20 of the xouecal resoct refors in part to this company The information that coulbdo ' rem attem tical study of the ineidence of asbestosis as culated to vorxzing niatory in a slant with thla record would se of very great values T.C.L. Henson Head Surincer COPY ry INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA July 11 1947 .nt .nt . Philadelphia Asbestos Company Supplementing The Pralininary Past Investigation for Asbestos Asbestos Textile Instituta Of June, 1947 | | Dustinnas 7 This plant is designated as C in the general report and the Snatizess summarised in that colum of Tatle lL. For reasons outlined in the general report the values for preparation are probably not very repre- seatativs ta eny of the piants and saly approziastecomyperisons, trersfcre, can to nade The data . for carling and weaving confire the . observable fact of hich tustiness in tols slant. Only one otuer slant in the troup ta con- parable ta {t. eunt de ' ' th ' are as follicvas JHM33025 THMNNNAnM Vic%s Ceneral Philadelphia . Memorandum on Plant senting the Ker baatb Company Praliainery Dust Investigation stituton , , .97 SuupleSuuple- Investigation ; Sumber 1 2. ted 4 5 : Elapsed Tse (tins.) ; Location _ ut sont S General air near sule spinner Located .5.7 nearesto ' as an7 ' .^'orden .^'orden .^'orden dust .^'orden 5 A& loos fo. just dry veavizg. Judged 22.6 . that most just from weaving although possible contribution from sicker room S . At high speed P & 5 cards at delivery 13.0 and Exposure of operator a centimtlm Considerable ' edjalalag rao : ; 7 / ... Ceneral air in old card room Ineffec- tive sheet metal canopy hoods over COLESshe t General alr saaple obtained while xals~ ing up and down aisles between twisting a. 1006 6.6 , Contm rctAs Control of dust from the P & 5 carum cannot be very antisfactory while that from the alder cards is uncontraind If their woe is to be contimed Leviate steps should be takes to provide proper enclosures for Bltiaate exhaust of the 2 & S$ carts wtli doubtless :iffse in cone details from other makes but for the present the following points are to .ti The existing arrangements differ from best practions listed on ' sort aa to Love , 6 6 7 acd " r g brench et Fanectlally dlasdvec- ' ing in combination with the carree slot connection connection to the henslan a WIMIANAA _ Yenorandun on Pluat of Philacelwile Jsdestss ausapy, Supgle~ senting the General desert Preliminary Dust Investigation ter abstoa xtdi- luntiato a ' .19 he practice of recirculation of air from the dust collector is anustionatle thsuch Le sayz acpear that Leas 4ffleultywill be experi ene- ed with this type of collector than some others in use In order to follow Ter dan piaura , , mtor aba <ng " that will indicate this value and can be frequently observed a tatat ad Gust from carding melaws " "< " r" This would be covered sy the program cutiizes in tae geaerul report for the oa, tars orvject. The z-eny survey of this clant asde cacently showing oaly 7 ta 4 per cent is in sharp contrast to the experience of some other plants Lecking toforsation as $0 eatail sore tistocy of the eaployees 20 explana tion cas be offared now, but the discrepancy socald be inveetigatad. WeCoe Teseua Head Engineer JHH33027 COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC _ 4400 FIFTH AVENUE Pittsburgh Pittsburgh 13. Pa - July 11 1947 : Jenorandua on Plant of Kansbey ^ Sattison Company 'a General Resort rextiUe ^iaag" ratlgnt or abaut rextiUe . tituto tituto ut , " Enstings , ; . u < : ' 'the gao1 rart and an es- praisel of its dustinuss is gummertized in that coluen of Tatle 1. Par reasons outlined in that report the values for the preparation desartsent are not considered truly representative of any one plant and therefore only aproximate comparisons can be sade ' tno tno di reos raa than taaa ' ta rnportu By tho u ' 94 nove nove nove vivea llttle velcht to our veiuse becaise they ere siasle saacles and therefore subject to sampling limitations Ze manument triat no cajor soil- fications suve been sade for laproved quat control slace that tias On TUMIINGA wCreee. draad9aan og Plsat Of Xansbay 3 Lavorandam LavorandamPredinatseeycust Ifnevteisitsiavnatuidces, Upyleaun ting the ists '' '" '" 1b, not the rrole irs @ we do G0t feel enat existing Just records that existing existing be Coast ticas Currseted ty. Steps tie comPanyY Rag taxen train beloss corrected steps steps cunts are given are not juxta te Trds stu work x0re, | ombec EQlassed Elapsed ; Elapsed , ocation pS pie) : 2 b| 3 5 4 In alalse betveen aot < 6 ancntnor aot .vatic .vatic General alr in end cardia, of zachines roam, at About of all 4,5,6 and down About sechines sirat down mesan2"'s ' a't pon1tas Seueral alr in Spera tion teave races 3 to loors Cant Cant 1.3 _. a2 2.6 6.9 Recirculation of ele free the operations operations is not practice and and Seaity ose Lattace of u8tthrouzh thy za cal Small tag house this ceze th ere Liter Stuy obvious obvious siztog Ls adviong 92s0r~ OLanent, (See Secure turyy c" wore extensive extensive do 31 878y If tsfi 40F@ eztonsive <q sievey Neaornnina on Plant of Xyasbey & tattizon Investigation ^ sbestosthe ~ amat Prelisiory lost Investigation for ^ sbestos taxbiio Inptitulefiof June, 1947. ' sr , gl7 r same incidmta aa " saat 200 Date , plant :) some explanation should be sucht is the work history or otherwise for the spectacular discrepancy between these Co gares and those for plants 4 & and J. meena ~"wneee_1 + - 3... Keeeon awar TH233030 . COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE . . . PITTSBURGH 13. PA July 11 1947 . | | H#eaocsundua on Plint of . Carolina snatos Comm Supplementing the General deport Preliminary fust Investigation for Asbestos Inxtil ad Of June, 1947 Distinces ' in usznutd usznutd < : : report a a a proiaal of its Juetiness Lo sucaactved in int coluen of Table 1. Ar tarry's Jut comt " r p hnnvir ' ones and by us because they were more suserous and therefore provide a Letter ATCERO The values given in the table therefore are tacvily selghted selghted by those figures ae ae lzurss avaraco ou " ' tnnt hat control . remea 't s es a net ca ta ta tude sceur. utnes ta ee ye Win anan e - et sometiy om. ee Institute of Kemorandum on Plant of Caroline isbestos Co. Eupplementing "Preliainary dust Eupplementing Tor bebastos Institute of June 1367 the Textile 7 Our own sinzle just counts are given telows Zusper Karsed Karsed Operations 7 L b " 6 = . 6 & S preparation it outside doorway of room Visible dust from nearby bag house blow- in this direction Taken to seasure dren 2.aLUs .aLUs Senersl air around eards 1.527,5,5 ated 6. General air armand cards 17,14 and 15 Visible cust asco fron 30. UZ brenzer, General air vtile zakals ap and doan - atslas tecwoen ty sturs, Dust 0.5 0.3 3.3 2.2 ha aa '"" .syata .syata .syata .syata .syata " cards Cust wee wucaping xt L^'and 1S, the cause of walch we :fa 30% neta lub The sheet natal unclosures may eventually need to be renlaced cce 'vara < d " da of . cyimor ! te eruahtp . befare tuis Lescees serious fattiald steps asouls te da " convnrsim reu can cmadmm te required to effect the change for all menis menis Nemical a set fa Table [I (pau0 ld, esnerel resort) ve cave Liatel! tule ctagany n "g ray ourrus ' et deze deze tr JHM33032 - ^' . demore on at baon baon 3, ad General Sport Praliainury Sust c ceatizr than Kustimate of June 1947 Investigation for lstastos Textile ndisgs ori " ' .aatlro .aatlro ie tion la avettitle ts the CoSsany -8 ts lnetieuce 3f tobertauls. Tse euaares fa thts aca ot the ro the pactlerlec PMIzPus Of She pecific advice on this point section of the resect lcxt met Falation t " "in tho ti. lapore iiuat ar Laroitaa. bsrsee State of vores ertinaizg we would want to explore the practices and coaks vt2h tomes poLicieas of the ctate ty age vist te worked rat da axe Aleeativs sould be a act of the addicsi ead of the Long-ters SOOT Pan, Kg rtin .mol .mol L Prope Beneor Bead tngineer WNAINAA COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA July 11 1947 Seacreadus on Plant of . Southern Asbestos Company . Snppamm ha General Recort ; Preliminary bust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute Institute _ 02 June 1947 This plant is designated by the Latter F tn the gorerul resort, . aed our agornisal of its <austtaess summarized tn that cslumr ts Table 1. Cur own dust counts were much lower than those recorded in the company's Tiles Since they however were only single samples great | reliance canat ed m m amrra not wlntd selecting figures to represent typical dustiness "good" figures The indicate that dust control is equal to slant of the group. Differences that any appear from the avera a superficial comparison should not be that " tviating taken too literally a Thus there th^>a ' is no reason <" .'^...tbar JHM33034 . ay : 2 Our dust counts are given below . Staber Elapsed Tise (4fs9.)} Operations Count Count operator i At breathing one of of looss 0.4 hausted 6. 2 to inch branches branches looss hausted by 2 to 4 inch branches and ' " ' we t Leon < 2 At Thermoid Looms 15 and 16 and in 0.6 bruth al wrater Paqp weaving. 3 . 5 General air while walking up and 0.5 dom 2 alzslos between twisting frases. Caly4 machinesrumiar 4 5 General air while welking up and down 0.5 Sislea dotLwfenn anad nd Dust Control Practices The company plans for installation of new sarding machines will afford an opportunity for installation of a first class modern extaust system It aos tet it will be of amat importance to have specific test data anabling us to frase accurate specifications for the most effective and econcaical exhaustsystem for the pacticular sage of care tostelled. This is contemplated as a part of the proposed long term project The sisenssion on dust collectors (page 12) ts pertinent te this | pleat. The lonyeters grojeet {acluies as ona of its earliest ubjectives the k : " ar : cmntrsettin orarcha of ap ropriate appropriate mat collectors JHM33035 3 the Memorandum on Plant of Southern Asbestos Co. Supplementing General Racort Preliminary Cust Investigation for Asbestos Textiie Inatitutefiof Sime, 1947. Sevical Ta Table IZ (sage 14, generxl report) ve bare iisted this concany se 20t waving had eng xeray scrcvey, because uf 229 uct that the state's odiogeare avellsble only in negative say The fact is that no Lafore mation fs avallable ts the cocranz <a to Incidence of usinaloals usinaloals The remarks in this section of the report relative to the impor- tance of the periodic medical axacination smit te vissed in the light of tne serticalar progres of the State of advice specific specific ) on this point ve mid poitetes of the State to see ebat will extenaing torts Carolina. Before rest to exploreexplore the practices and be worked out with them This ex- ploration would te a vert sf the zedical ent sf the long-terz prosras, o6 outlined in the general report Quad Engineer - JHM33036 COPY | INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH avenue PITTSBURGH 13. PA Memorandum on Plant of The Garlock Packing Compeny Supplementing The General Raport Preliminary Dust Investigation For Arteston Textile Institute Of June 1947 Dustiness This plant is designated as G in the general report and an ap- praisal of its dustiness is summarized in that column of Table 1 page 5 The differences between these values and those of other 20od plants are on the whole not significant and we rate this plant as aver- age good However this does not mean that just control is entirely cat- isfactory in all respects as inticated in the general report There is an insufficient suster of dust counts in the company files to constitute an adequate record of dustiness Tornal variations requirerequire a number of counts at each oopperation eration to provide a useful avomie avomie | JHM33037 Connral Resort Neverandum on Plant of The Carlock Packing Co. Supplementing the Preliminary bust Investigation for babeetss Textile Preliminary of June, 1947. Car om single dust counts taken at the time of the visit are given below. Sumber i . 2 st Tize (ains.) Spaatlaa Counts 5 At operator and of 4 carding machines . 1,2,7 and Los , Jos 8 OS Seneral ulr in alislaa of twisting 3.0 ex 3 5 General ate, alang cow of looms; | moet windows cpen along the vorking alale. General ale tn elales of spinaing frames 1.7 ; Best Central Practicas Carding dust contral is discussed on puges 7 and 9 of the general report Reference is made to the exhaust system in this plant stick ac- . cosalishes @3 good cust control eas almost sll the other *z00dfi plants but at exhaust rates that would not be practical for other northern plants The dust collectors in use at this Nest are of costaeruble in- terwet because they include tro tyzes not lo ase ia any other plant (dir Zet anvi Parsons because commonly thought to be impractical Test data omthese units would therefore be valuable. 333033 Jenorantun on Plant of the Garlock Packing Co. Supplementing Supplementing the General Recort Preliminary fust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute of June 1947 dagineering studies alaqued far the long tera investigation of partienlar {interest to this plant and outlined in the general report aret dust contral in preparation twisting and weaving and efficiency of dest coileetors. Asdical In the medical section of the general report reference la bude to the several companies who have no information is to the incidence of peter- tink eadeatosilso thedr plant. This company 4s one of those and ve there= . fore wish to underscore here the recommendations encerning pariocic ra5 examinations discussed particularly on pages 12 to 13 3 2c obe deaeon Yead Engineer JHM33039 . COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNdation of AMERICA , INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. Pa July 11 1347 Memorandus on Plant af Union Asbestos & Rubber Company Supplesenting Tke Preliminary Dust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute | | Of June 1947 saatinnss This company is designated an S n the eonars report dustiness praisal of its is summarized in that colum of Table 1 a'n ap- files There is complete and those taken by us are of previous dust count data tre tre company's too few in number to provide a good aver- ago sampling Be had tefinite iuorvasion ct the tiae of of serxedly greater dustiness than the final count results showed but we have no er- oluastion et tals tise. The results ore as folloeess JHM33040 . . /t / / / ; , . General Ancert the 2 demerandum on Plant of Union Asbestos & Rubber Co. , Co. Preliminary Cast Investigations Investigations Eugniscenting Eugniscenting Eugniscenting Textisa icatitute* Preliminary Preliminary Cast Investigations forfor AsbAestsosbestos Inzber Mae (2ins.) } SSS SEE Operations Caus = ] L 6 General air in aisles of soioning~ 7.7 twisting frames 2 3 . 4. 5 General 4 fen os ater La alslos of vinders; sase . 5.3 _ssinning-talating, ' a Prning platforms of several brake 4.5 Prning 1 e : 2 Hear operator of one bread loom on app0- 6.3 site aide of roca bread loom app0- wlanow bebiod. . = $ At roving and of 4 enclosed carning = 2 machines b 4 At far end of card room share risihls dust eeaping Cro enclosure at tos. 5.5 . 7 5 At brushing and of cloals rose cards Od The carding dust contral system appears appears Sfuctive as the average of other good clants . ferior us to operator carelessness in failing to to be fundamentally as In practice it is in- replace portions of the enclosure designed Most important is the panel on top to reduce the space ti oh th- .3 Spioning and triating present a problem not directly comparable nt bact ene " combinfbn ik unctiora in xa JH11330JH143041 1 JH13041 Investigations Investigations June Decorandus on Plant of Union Asbestos& the General decort Preliminary Dust Textile Institute of 1947 moter Co. , SupplementiSng upplementing for labeatos labeatos | The spray bumidifier employed at reaving machines does not fall inte alther of our categories of damp or vet veaving and leaves same- thing - to be desired in the way of tarved dust control of wir from dust practical in this Recirculation reportcollectors slant, te discussed la the ceseral en saye 13. The filters exezorstal employed here are undoubtedly more efficient efficient time the burlap bag bouse in '' ' " tu tu useful subject of in -tb- long tera in- ' vestigations outlined grza This is the only companywith a systematic ray examination pro- The estimate of5 to 6 aaa of marly sabautoris "- ror dence than in any other plant It seems that great contributions could be made to the proposed diagnostic panel page 18 general report by this Comoany,ead that 1% woul also profit greets. B.C.L. Lenson - Nand Engineer JHM33042 COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE ie sale PITTSBURGH 13. PA ie 2 July 11 1947 nr deacrandun on Plust of . J.F. Burks and Company Supplementing The Senatul Report Preliminary bust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Instiuita Of Juna 1947 uataaa This company is designated by the letter I in the zeneral report and suenary Of its dustiness given {nm that coluaa of Prole f. The figures are breed on some dust counts made by the State but it is believed that 1530 reduction has been affected at ieest ta caring, since tant tice. The figures indicate - onstiness equalied by only one other plant of particular interest is the high degree of dustiness in spinning and tutataq.a tutataq.a part^>osrs prctic ent so dust counts are comparable The figurns snow ? " ck iust ."' * ' for & nu not not It my resuit Pros a greater amount of cust in the stock due to differences in precaution set.cda, a wudlsy co atten ites ty avalustes ina prelliatsary se; (ree tage . JHH33043 } bare / Gemorandum on Plant of J.P. ami Co., Suscslesenting the genera 22cort Textile lastitatefiPorfalJiunnien,ar1yC9u4s7t. Investiyation for Asten tag _ , ' " ' e ntm prnparatuon prnparatuon ard at ' sachines vere discussed briefly withr Villiams Jr. at the time af tha visit. im . however would inclinic The long term investigations investigations systematic ; guldanes in the details of dust control especially with respect to presera- ' carding thos, sacoinag, the csaze of excessive anst, md ity fererz, a spinning vad twisting, aed selections of dust sollectocs. Ile te be " pecognl.od thst, Sweauseof tte elinate, this ylznt hes Aartlewiar stuce- in the development of information that will permit safe rocircalation of air from a dust collecter| COPY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA INC 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13. PA July LL, 1947 P' mt - Manville Corporation General Report "Preciaiuary ust Tuvan tigation for hbabustos Textile Inatitutefi | Of June 1947 _ Sustiness Sustiness This plant ts Jesiinated J in the sencrel report. Thesupsacy - of dustiness in column I of Table 1 may be compared with all except plants C and ft. There is a consistantly consistantly higher tua tnosa in all operations in splto or tho recL tot re ut emt .saint ' ' " xsmx tor ut | The dust count data do indicate satisfactory control of hist | in reaving operations He suspect that the major cause of the poor dust conditions resultsfrom the practice of returning alr froa the bag couse to the sure roos. Thts shouls be inveetigated (sew ciscussion of cectreclatisn, sage _ 4&9, general report JHH33045 Remorandum on Plant of innville Corp. Supplementing the Ganemal Report Preliminary Dust ' Investigation Nextia o .7 for Asbestos Control Seneticas atafree this slant are net included in the tabslaticn of exhaust rates for cards age neral report because the single cards would not te te comparable ' control of dust this dapertiat is ot < < nee rn judged by dust counts Observations of duct connections on Thitin cards origizal ledicate aa extaust canecity of aver 4,000 to 5,000 cfs Sust control arrangements in the new Whitin cards diverge from tha bo^'practicos stad oc pago pago ' ravrt .7 The best combination of exhaust for <car"d ' be orest- it " tan tm atigatiom prwand in ta carn eort ' ' N L und . tecirculation of uir Cres dust enllectors has bean touched aon above. ma cocaents a= cere lL} sco perti.est. ete not believe that tre efficlency of a werlay cust couse ta <caustta to ,ecalt sectrcalstion of ale frou it back to tbe sortroos az te La praeast pmetes Vo o not rule out the pubibility test safeguards can be devised devised that will peralt . the recovery of heat represented thoroby Jedical ba inci " tznt t<znt tznt e ca < one other plant A The medical problem of zanosis is complicated in to kost ' ' m " coal eines and some shoe evisecce of un thencone Liiccela. in n tsmctt The sunes GSLL7 Ly page JHM33046 referred to on 13 should be especially valuable in these circumstances me R.S.L. R.S.L. R.S.L. ker.600 Ad e