Document MMORj62qY1jGagojR1B7qBe7a

TRANSLATION: Getmanenko, E. N., S. M. Shmuilovich, T. A. Kalmykova, N. M. Gulyaeva, E. G. Trofimova, and E. G. Pomerantseva: HYGIENIC-CHEMICAL STUDY OF POLYMER MATERI ALS BASED ON POLYVINYL CHLORIDE. (Sanitamo-khimicheskie issledovaniya polimernykh materialov na osnove polivinilkhlorida.) Plast. Massy, No. 12, pp. 72-74, 1989. It is known that from a health standpoint, polymer materials have a numb r of disadvantages. They can release various substances (monomers, plasti cizers, initiators, stabilizers, etc.) into the atmosphere. Many of these substances have toxic properties. Polymers are also used for manufacturing various items (coatings, materi als for packing and storing food products, children's toys, etc.). They are subject to especially strict requirements for medical applications. The first stage in the hygienic evaluation of a material is hygienicchemical testing, which consists in studying the qualitative and quantitative composition of the substances migrating from the polymer into the air and other media. The qualitative identification of the gases released was done as follows. A polymer sample was placed in a one-liter cylindrical steel container. The lid of the container was sealed by means of a Teflon gasket. The container with the sample was placed in a thermostat and heated to the necessary temper ature. The products released into the gas phase were carried by a stream of helium into a trap in the form of a concentrator with an adsorbent, cooled by liquid nitrogen. The adsorbent was Tenax GC. The combination of trap cooling plus the use of such a heat-stable (up to 400C) and hydrophobic polymer sor bent with a small specific surface (19 m2/g) made it possible to ensure CTL032097 Cr.fT. fUN i tBD' COKPUKAiiUtt j'nppr-'-.-T ' ' " ' :'-'k \ maximum trapping of the complex mixture f compounds and the desorption of these substances from the sorbent at elevated temperature. The trap/concentrator was a glass tube 10 cm long with an inside diameter of 3 mm, equipped with a polished section at one end and packed with sorbent and sealed at both ends with corks made of fiber glass thread. The gas products released were identified by chromatography-mass spectro metry. We used an MX-1331 chromatograph-mass spectrometer, which is a combi nation instrument based on a Biokhrom-18 chromatograph and an MX-1331 magnetic mass spectrometer, with a rapid scanning and mass spectrum recording system. After the gas products were trapped, the trap/concentrator was placed in the evaporator of the Biokhrom-18 chromatograph at the inlet to the analytical column. The chromatogram was recorded in parallel by means of the flame ioniza tion detector of the chromatograph and the monitor (full ion flux detector) of the mass spectrometer. When the maximum of the chromatographic peak was r ached, the mass spectrum was fixed on the monitor at a scanning rate of 2.5 sec/ten. Unknown compounds were identified by comparing the mass spectra obtained with reference spectra. We also made extensive use of the Kompas-MS informa tion retrieval system developed for mass spectrometry at the Research Insti tute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. This system-was used in a dialog mode on an ES-1035 computer. The data base of this system was comprised of 26,300 mass spectra recorded on mag netic disk. The main components in the gases released from linoleum are methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, which are used as solvents when the printed design 2 CTL032098 ! is applied (Figure 1). From the bottles used for packaging veg table oil, trichloroethylene (from the PVC, in which it is used as a molecular weight regulator), toluene (from the epoxidized vegetable oil used as a stabilizer and plasticizer), and ionol (antioxidant) are released. Figure 1. Chromatogram of the gas prod ucts released from freshly prepared PVClinoleum: 1 -- benzene; 2 -- toluene; 3 -- methyl isobutyl ketone [sic]; 4 -- decane; 5 -- chlorobenzene; 6 -- undecane; 7 -- dodecane; 8 -- cyclohexanone ; and 9 -- 2-ethylhexanol. KEY: (a) mV. Using the data obtained, it is possible to predict the content of sub stances released at the workplace, taking into account the size of the shop, the number of shifts, and the quantity of plastisol produced. The quantitative analysis of the organic substances migrating into water from polymer materials is a more complex problem, since the concentration of migrating components is very small. Several methods used in analyzing aqueous media have been described: blowing an inert gas through and trapping the 3 CTL032099 f components released, extraction with solvents, adsorption on a solid support, etc. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. The quantitative determination of the substances released into the air and aqueous media from the materials studied was done in accordance with known methods [1, 2] and GOST 26150-84. But in a number of cases it was necessary to develop new methods designed for concentrating the trapped components on a solid adsorbent, followed by their thermal desorption in the evaporator of the chromatograph (as in the qualitative analysis). In order to avoid using liquid nitrogen for cooling the trap and in order to do the trapping at room temperature, half of the trap was packed with acti vated carbon SKT, and the other half was packed with the Tenax GC adsorbent. To determine the content of light chloro-containing hydrocarbons (vinyl chlo ride, methyl chloride), we used a trap completely filled with activated car bon. The dimensions of the separation column and the analytical conditions were selected as a function of the composition of the identified impurities. We first determined the absolute sensitivity indices on the basis of pure sub stances . The quantitative evaluation of the gas emissions was done under condi tions of both the use and processing of the polymer materials. We found that the gas products released from D-37-F plastisol held at 160C for 20 minutes contain 0.3 mg/kg vinyl chloride, 8.4 mg/kg acetone, 16.3 mg/kg benzene, 1.3 mg/kg toluene, 1.3 mg/kg xylene, 2.5 mg/kg butanol, 3.6 mg/kg undecane, 6.1 mg/kg undecene, 10.4 mg/kg l-chloro-2-ethylhexane, 110.0 mg/kg 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, 505.0 mg/kg phenol, and 5711.0 mg/kg dioctyl phthalate (Figure 2). 4 CTL032100 ( a) mS Figure 2. Chromatogram of the gas products released from D-37-F plastisol: I -- vinyl chloride; 2 -- acetone; 3 -- 2-ethylhexene; 4 -- benzene; 5 -- toluene; 6 -- n-butanol; 7 -- xylene; 8 -- unde cane; 9 -- undecene; 10 -- 2-ethylchlorohexane; 11 -- 2-ethylhexanol; and 12 -- phenol. KEY: (a) mV. To analyze the aqueous extracts, we used two methods: analysis of the equilibrium vapor [3] and solvent extraction. In accordance with the first method, the analyzed components were distributed between an aqueous and vapor phase in accordance with their distribution coefficient (K) : K -- ^liq/^g> where and Cg are the content of the component in the liquid and gas phases, respectively. A low distribution coefficient in water is characteristic for hydrocar bons, halogen derivatives, aromatic substances, and other compounds, i.e., compounds contained in almost all the polymer materials studied. This method was used to study aqueous extracts of vinyl chloride, trich loroethylene, vinyl acetate, hydrocarbons with up to 10 C atoms, alcohols with up to 8 C atoms, benzene, toluene, and other compounds. 5 CTL032101 The content of such high-boiling organic substanc s as phenol, ionol, higher alcohols, and phthalates was determined by the extraction method. For this purpose, 100 mL of the water studied was extracted with 5 mL of hexane, the phases were separated, and the hexane fraction was evaporated to a volume of 0.2 mL and analyzed by the usual gas chromatographic method. The table shows the results of the analysis of the organic substances released into an aqueous medium from a polyvinyl chloride injection-molded plastic designed for making the soles of athletic, casual, and leisure foot wear. QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPOUNDS RELEASED INTO THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM PLP-3A PVC PLASTIC. KEY: (a) com pound; (b) allowable migration coefficient, mg/L; (c) detec tion threshold, mg/L; (d) content* (in mg/L) after holding for the following number of days; (e) vinyl chloride; (f) toluene; (g) 2-ethylhexyl alcohol; (h) dimethyl phthalate; (i) ionol; and (j) dioctyl phthalate. 1 np. Cojcpxaittt* CoeiNNNNt (a) it:i 3KM. o6ita- ut/a py. MM*. (b) isHTLiA ( nr/4) noc.ie <d)swaeoMXM reieNN. cyt 11 21 $ Te) BHHIOIXJIOPHa 0,41 Tcuiyan ( ) 0.5 -2lO-3BThHiHjirecKmCiHpr-X, gT 0,004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 0.005 0.04 0.01 0.005 0.005 0.25 0.26 . 0.25 HHMemay, \ 2.0 0.03 2.9 2.0 1.0 <t>Ta.iar 'n' Hohoji (i) 0,005. 0.005 0.005 0.005 Hhokthji-( t ) 2.0 0.01 0.28 0.08 0.05 *Average result of four tests. On the basis of the mass spectrometric data on the gaseous organic compo nents released into the atmosphere, it could be hypothesized that these same components can also be released into water. The studies conducted do not con firm this hypothesis. For example, ionol is very volatile and is present in a 6 CTL032102 f fairly large quantity in the gas ous emissions, but it is present in very small amounts or not at all in the aqueous extracts. On the other hand, the phthalates are virtually absent from the gases released, but are present in fair amounts in the aqueous extracts. The quantitative results obtained on the aqueous extracts are compared with their acceptable levels according to the allowable migration coefficient, while the results on the gaseous emissions into the atmosphere are compared with the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) in the atmosphere or work place. When the established standards are exceeded, a material is not r com mended for use. Thus a program has been proposed for the primary evaluation of the hygienic-chemical characteristics of polymer materials, a program which makes it possible to obtain the most complete assessment of the migration of toxic compounds into the atmosphere and aqueous media. 7 CTL032103 f' REFERENCES 1. Methodological Guidelines for the Public Health Control of Polymer Build ing Materials Designed for Use in the Construction of Dwellings and Pub lic Buildings. Moscow, USSR Ministry of Health, 1980, No. 2158-80. 2. Methodological Guidelines for the Hygienic Evaluation of Clothing and Footwear Made from Polymer Materials. Moscow, USSR Ministry of Health, 1977. 3. Vitenberg, A. G. and B. V. Ioffe: Gazovaya Ekstraktsiya v Khromatograficheskom Analize. (Gas Extraction in Chromatographic Analysis.) Khimiya, Leningrad, 1982. CTL032104 8 X-A i ,-^l V'*''r' AsSSi Ss . s --- -'VA2----------\--^*-----^y------1----r-- ' riAacr Maccm. 1989, M 12 1 22.06 6if9H .. * i --. Ki ,30M. 06pa3eu no-iHvepa noMeuia.iH b CTaab- V-Oi-- X^O '^-CAA ) ,0 ' *HOfi UUHHJjlJHHHHafplpHHMMeeCCKKHHMH COCVA eMKOCTblO 1 .1. LHHtapHO-XHMH4eCKHe HccjieaoBaHHfi noJiHMepHbix MaTepHajioB Ha ocHOBe KpuiiiKa cocyaa yn.ioTHB.i3cb c noMouibtS (pTopon.iacTOBofi npox.iaaxH Cocya c oCpa3uo.M- ycraHaB.iHBa.iM b TepMocraT, HarpeTbiw ao HeoOxoaHMoH reMnepaTypu ripoayKTbi, noaHBHHHaxaopHaa E. H. TETMAHEHRO. C. M. UJMyfl/TOBHM,' T. A. KAJlMblKOBA, H. M. ryjlflEBA. E. T. TPOOHMOBA, 3. T. nOMEPAHUEBA H3BecTHo, hto noJiHMepHbie MaTepHa.ibi C rHTHeHHHeCKOH TOHKH 3peHHfl o6.iaaaioT paaow HeaocTaTKOB. Ohh MoryT Bbiae,urrb b B03JiyuiHyio cpeay noMemeHHH pa3JiHHHt>ie BemecTBa (MOHOMepu, naacTHtpHKaTopbi. hhh-~UHaTopu, CTa6n.7H3aropbi h t. a.). Mhorne H3 sthx BemecTB oO.iaaaioT tokchmc- CKHMH CBOHCTB3MH. rio.iHMepHbie MaTepHa^u npHMeHHioTCH h nun H3roTOB.neHHH TOBapoB HapoaHoro no- Tpe6.ieHHH (oS.iHUOBKa, Marepwa-iu Ann n3ro- TOB-ieHHH ynaKOBKH h xpaHeHHH nHmeBbix npoayKTOB, jeTCKne HrpyuiKH h t. a.). K hhm npejT>HB.iHK)Tcn oco6o CTponie Tpe6oBaHHH co CTOpOHbl MeaHUHHCKHX OIV/K6. iiepBHHHbiM STanoM rHrHeHHMecKofi ouchkh MaTepna.ia hbjihiotch caHHTapHo-XHMHHecKHe HCnblTaHHfl, 3aKJ110MaiOlUHeCSi B H3yMeHHH Ka- MeCTBeHHOfO H KOsTHWeCTBeHHOrO COCTaBa Be- mecTB, MHrpHpyioiiuix H3 noaHMepa b ao3ayui- Hyio h apyrae cpeau. * KawecTBeHHyio HAeHTHtpHxauHio npoayKTOB ra30Bbiae.ieHH npoeoaH.iH caeayiowHM o6pa- BbiaeaHBUiHecH b ra30Byio <f>a3y, nepeHOCH.iHCb noroKOM re.THH b .lOByujxy, npeacTaBaniomyio co6ofi KOHueHTpaTpp c aacopOentom h oxaawaaiomyiocfl /KHaxHM a30T0M. Aa- cop6eHToM cayiKH.i Tenax GC. ConeiaHHe oxaa/KaeHHB -iobvujkh c Hcno.ib3osaHHeM TaKoro repMocTOHKoro (ao 400 C) h rHapo(jjofiHoro /loaHMepHoro copOema c e6o.ilmow yae.ibHOH noflepxHOCTbio .(19 M2/r) no3BaiH.no oOecneMHTb MaKCH.va.ibHO no.iHoe yviaB.iHBaHHe cjiojkhoh cwecH coeanHeHHH h aecopSuHio sthx BemecTB c copfieHTa np noBbnneHHOH Te.MnepaType. JIoByuiKa-KOHueHTpaTop npeacTaB.m.ia co- 6oft creKflHHHyio Tpy6Kv a.ihhoh 10 cm h BHyrpeHHHM aHaweTpoM 3 mm co ui.ih4>om Ha oa- hom KOHue, 3ano.iHeHHVio cop6eHTOM h aaKpu- Ty c o6ohx kohuob npo6Ka.MH h3 hutch ' CTetuoTKaHH. MaeHTH<j)HKauHio . npoavKTos ra30Bwae.iehhh npoBoaH.iH MeToaoM xpo.MaTo-MacccneicrpoMeTpHii. Hcno.ib30Ba.in xpoMaTo. Macc-cnexTpoMeTp MX-1331. npeacTab.ihiomiiH co6oh KOMOHHHpoBaHHbiH npHCop Ha ffcHoae xpowaTorpatpa 5noxpoM-18 h MarHHTHoro Macc-cneicrpoMeTpa MX-1331 c CHCTeMOH 6blCTpOH* pa3BepTKH H perncTpauHH Macc-cnKTpoB. iiocae vaaB.iHBaHHH npoayxtob ra30Bbiae.ieHHH aoBvuiKy-KOHueHTpaTop ycrattae.iHBa.iH b HcnapHie.ib xpowaTorpacpa <BttoxpoM-18 Ha axoae b aHa.iHTHHecKyio KaioHKy. XpoMaTorpaMMa napa.i.ie.ibHo perncTpiipo- aa.iacb c noMouibio n.ia.\teHHo-;iOHH3auHOH- hoto aeTeKTopa xpoNiaTorpacpa h MOHHTopa (aereKTopa no.iHoro hohhoto TOKa) Macc-' cneKTpoMeTpa. B momcht aocTit>KeHHH m3kch- mvm3 xpowaTorpatpimecKoro miKa Ha mohhrope (pHKCHpoBa.ica Macc-cneKTp co cko- pocTbio CKaHHpoBaHHn 2.5 c/aexaaa. HaeHTHtpHKauHfO HeH3eeoTHbtx coeaHHeHtifi npoBoaH.iH nyTe.M cpasHeHHH no.iyseHHbix Macc-cneKTpoB co cneKTpavn KaTa.ioroe.TaK- *e IHHPOKO HCno.lb30Ba.lH HHfpop.MaUHOHHO- noHCKoeyio cncTewy a.i Macc-cneKTpoMeTpHH KoMnac-MC, pa3pa6oTaHHyio b HMOX CO AH CCCP. 3Ta CHCTexta 6bi.ia pea.iH3oeaHa b aHaaoroBgM petKHMe Ha 3BM EC-1035. Ba3y aaHHbix 3Toh chctcmw cocraa.iH.iH Puc. 1. XpoMampaM.ua npodyKroe ca3oebide.teHun u3 ceexenpiuoToe.teHHoeo FlBX-AUHOAeyxa. 1 -- 6eH3o.i; 2 -- TOJiyoJi; 3 -- MeTHJiH3o6yTHJixetok; .4 -- aexaH, 5 -- xnopCeHaar, 6 -- ynaexaH; ^6300 Macc-cneKTpoB, aan/icaHHbix Ha MarHHT- HOM AHCKe. OcHOBHbtMH KOMnoHCHTaMH b ra30Bbiaeae- 7 -- aoaexaH; 8 -- unx-iorexcaHOH; 9 -- 2-3THJirex- HHHX H3 JIHHO.ieyMa HB.lHtOTCH MeTH.13THJl- caHO.l. - /\ KKeeTtQH hH--_ UUHHKto. ioreKcaHOH, npitMeHHiomHecH jjvig) Kaii-.WJ-fOo'irA, i -CL y , M N-A -: CTL032105 < * llAacT. Maccbi, 1989, M 12 .lHvepa noMeuia.iH b cTa-ib- ;khh cocyj e.MKOCTbio I .1. yn.iOTHH.idcb c noMombK? npoK-iajKH. Cocyj c o6pa3i.in b TepMocTaT, HarpeTbifl TeMnepaTypu. ripoayKTw, ra30B\'io 4>a3y< nepeHOCH-1HH b .lOByuiKy, npeacTaBKOHueHTpaipp c ajcopOeH1UVI0CH H1HJKHM a30T0M. AjH.i Tenax GC. ConeTaHHe OJKH c Hcno.ib3oeaHHeM raoro (jo 400 C) h THjpo'Horo copCeHTa c He6o.ibuioH lOCTblO .( 19 M3/r) n03BO.1H.10 HMa.ibHo no.iHoe yaaBJiHsa3ii coeaHHeHHH h aecopOuHK) cop6eHTa npn noBbiuieHHofi eHTpaTop npejcTaB.ia.ia co"pypKy J.1HHOH 10 CM H BHyT* )M 3 MM CO U1.1l<(|>OM Ha 0J'SHHV10 C0p6eHT0M H 3aKpW3HU0B npoGKaMH H3 HHTefi io. npojyKTOB ra30Bbije.ieMeTojoM xpoMaTo-MaccMcno.ib30Ba.iH xpoMaio- n MX-1331, npejcTaB.iHioOHHHpOBaHHbJH npnfiop Ha *BnoxpoM-18 h Mar^JPiMeTpa MX-1331 c CHCTe- ia3BepTKH h perncTpauHH loc-ie y.ias.niBaHHH npojyK;hh .lOByujKy-KOHueHTpaTop ncnapnTe.ib xpoMaTorpa4>a 3 BXOJe B aHa.IHTHMeCKVIO a napa.i.ie.ibHo perHCTpnpoiblO n.laMeHH0-H0HH3aUH0HxpoMaTorpa^a h MOHHTopa oro hohhoto TOKa) Mace-' MOMeHT JOCTH/KeHHH MaKCHailiHMecKoro niixa Ha mohhiCH Macc-cneKTp co cko3hhh 2,5 c/jexaja. 10 HeH3BeCTHbiX COejHHeHHH m cpaBHeHHH nojiyneHHbix cnekTpaMH KaTa-ioroB. TaK<.1b30Ba.1H HH^OpMaUHOHHOtv j.ih Macc-cneKTpoMeTpHH 33pa6oTaHHyio b HMOX CO ;;icTeMa 6bi.ia pea.iH30BaHa e/Kii.Me Ha 3BM EC-1Q35. iTofl CHCTeMbI COCTaB.1H.1H dob, 3anHcaHHbix Ha MarHHT- MnoHeHTaMH b ra30Bwje.ie- >Ma HB.1HI0TCH MeTH.13TH.1"CKCaHOH, npTiMeHHKHUHeCH ^ , M * M I --------------- -------------------- u^o^'Lh^ j -EE"* <S-.. _ _ O t^A-^LH<XV/E$3SSLxJ^Ck^ j aacr Maci 03 Maccm, 1989. Jv 12 1 B naneCTBe pacTBopHTe.ieii npH HaHeceHHH nenaTHoro pncyHKa (pnc. 1). M3 CyTw.iOK, HCno.ib3ye.MWx j.ih paaJiacoBKH pacTHTe-ib- HOTO MaCJia, BWje.1H10TCH TpHX.10p3TH.ieH (H3 nBX, b kotopom oh HrpaeT poab pery- .IHTOpa MOJieKy.lHpHOH Maccbi), TOJiyOJI <H3 snoKCHjnpoBaHHoro pacTHTejbHoro Macaa, HB.iHiomerocH CTa6H.iH3aTopoM h njiacTHiJjH- KaTOpOM) H HOHOJI (aHTHOKCHjaHT). KoJHnecTBeHHoe ' onpeje.ieHHe BemecTB, ,," BbijeJiHKMiiHXCH b B03jyinHyio h BojHyio cpe- jbi H3 Hcc.iejyeMbix MaTepnajoB, npoBojH.iH no H3BeCTHblM MeTOJHKBM (1, 2J H TOCT 26150--84. OanaKO b pnje ciynaeB Heo6xoJHMa pa3pa6oTKa hobwx mctojhk, npejycMaTpHBaiouxHX KOHueHTpHpoBaHHe v.iaB.iHBae.MWx kom noHeHTOB Ha TBepjo.M ajcop6eHTe c noc.iejyiouieH hx TepMnne- ckoh jecopOuHeft b HcnapnTe.ie xpoMaTorpac|)a (xaK h npH KaHecTBeHHOM aHa.iH3e). Mto6w H36e>KaTb npHMeneHHfl >khjkoto a30Ta j.ifl ox.ia>KjeHHH .iobvihkh h nposojHTb y.ias.iHBaHHe np komhbthoh Te.Mnepaiype, n0.108HHV .lOBymKH 3anO.1HH.1H 3KTHBJipOB3H- hwm yr.ie.M MapKH CKT, a jpyryio -- aj- cop6eHTOM Tenax GC. H.ih. onpeje.ieHHH cojepncaHHH JierKHX x-iopcoaepwamiix yr.ie- BOJOpOJOB (BHHH.1X.1opHja,. xJiopHCToro Me- TH.ia) Hcno.ib30BaJiH JioByiuKy, no.iHOCTbio 3anoJtHeHHyio aKTHBHpoBaHHWM yr.ie.y. Pa3Mepw ko.iohkh j.ih pa3je.ieHHH h yc.io- bhh aHa.iH3a noj6Hpa.iH b 33Bhchmocth ot cocTaBa HjeHTH(})HUHpoBaHHbix npHMecefi. // m8 Puc. 2. XpoMdToepajtMa npodyKToe i03oe<ndeAe- HUH U3 ruaCTU30AH MUpKU M-37-&. 1 -- BHHH.ix.iopHj; 2 -- aueTOH; 3 -- 2-3TH.ireKceH; 4 -- 6eH30.i; 5 -- TOJiyo-i; 6 -- H.6yraH0.i; 7 -- kch.ian; 8 -- yHjeKaH; 9 -- yHjeueH; 10 -- 2-3TM.ix.iop.rexcaH; 1! -- 2-3TiiareKCaHOJi, 12 -- (peHo.i. TIpejBapHTe.ibHO onpeje.iH.m aOco.iWTHbie K03C()4)HUHeHTH MVBCTBHTe.IbHOCTH n0 MHCTbJM BeiuecTBa m. . KojHHecTBeHHyio oueHKv ra^oBbije.ieHHH npoaojH.iH b yc-ioBHHx KaK 3Kcn.iyaTauHH, Tan h nepepa6oTKH no.iHMepHwx \iaTepHa.iOB, YcTaHOBJeHo, mo b npojyKTa^ ra30Bbije.ieHHH H3 n.iacTH30JH viapKH H-37-0. 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Ka>KJblH H3. 3THX MeTOJOB HMeeT CBOH JOCTOHH- CTBa .H HejOCT3TKH. ZIjh aHa.iH3a bojhwx BWTH>KeK ncno.ib3o- BaJH jBa MeTOJa: aHa.iH3 paBHosecHoro napa [3] H SKCTpaKUHIO paCTBOpHTe.leM. Cor.iaCHO nepBOMy MeTojy aHajH3HpyeMwe komoohchtw pacnpeje.iHioTCH Mewjy bojoA h napoBoii 4>a30H B COOTBeTCTBHH C HX K03l})(})HUHeHT0M pacnpeje-ieHHH (A'): K=CM/Cr, rje Cm, Cr -- cojep>KaHHe KOMnoHeHTa b >khjkoh h ra30B0H 4>a3ax COOTBeTCTBeHHO. Majwii K034>4>HUHeHT pacnpejejeHHH b bo- je xapaKTepeH j.ih yrJieBojopojoB, ra.ioreH- npoH3bojhwx, apoMaTHMecKiix h jpymx coejH HeHHii, t. e. coejHHeHHH, cojepiKamHXCH non- TH BO Bcex HCCJiejOBaHHWX n0.1HMepHWX MaTepHaaax. 3thm MeTojoM ncc.iejoBa.iH sojHbie buthh<- KH BHHH.IXJOpHja, TpHX.10p3THJeHa, BHHH.1- aueTaTa, yrjeBojopojOB c mhc.iom aTOMOB C JO 10, CntipTOB C MHC.IOM aTOMOB C JO 8, 6eH30Jia, Tojyoaa h jpyrux coejiuieHHfi. 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