Document MMMDKr57j9Mg4JgxvEJy761bk

Chrome Yellow Control Stripes speed ship loading and unloading Chrome yellow stripes are an impor tant factor in the fast-paced loading and unloading of cargo at Sea-Land operations in Long Beach. California. These stripes and safety bands offer maximum visibility and assist in the One man in a comfortable cab controls the Sed'Land crane. aecurate placement of trailers await ing loading or unloading of their contents. Taking advantage of a system de veloped and built by Litton Indus tries. the SS Long Beach, (pictured here l, can load or unload the con tainerized vans at the rate of more than one a minute. Speedier loading and unloading means faster turn-around time for ships which in turn means greater profits for the carrier. The premise of containerization is that it pays to put all your eggs in one basket. A single big load is made bv packing many small ones in a reuseable metal container designed to be shifted quickly bv mechanized cranes and forklifts from plant to truck, truck to train, train to ship, and ship to warehouse. In addition to marking applica tions around docks, chrome vellow stripes are also used in parking lots to help assure maximum use of the parking apron. It is a well-known fact that drivers are hesitant about cross ing or straddling yellow lines. Visi bility is another important factor in the selection of chrome yellow for this application. Wherever safety is the watchuurk chrome yellow guide lines are usei On the highways, at the airports, the parking lots, and in modcril plants where its use clearly identif fies hazardous areas. Two trucks waiting to be unloaded. Chroma?, yellow stripes are clearly visible from ebcve.'S-i LI A 2 65 0`s !l i > lead-acid, batteries furnish the power SIX WEEKS UNDER WATER Few space age undertakings have iFe sheer adventure and pioneering spirit embodied in the project being planned by Grumman Aircraft En gineering Corporation and Swiss scientist. Dr. Jacques Piccard. At this moment, Grumman is building a new research submarine, the PA-15, based on a design by Dr. Piccard. This 130-ton vehicle, intended to operate as deep as 2.000 ft. down, will have a steel hull which is less compressible than the water itself at those depths. By proper bal lasting. a perfect equilibrium can be maintained at am depth, permitting the PA-15 to hover in rnid-w atci. This unique capabilitv--maintain ing constant depth without taking on or blowing ballast water--makes the submarine admirably suited for acoustic studies. In fact, that is one of the principal objectives of the "Jules \ erne scientific mission pro posed for the PA-15. Aext spring. Dr. Piccard and five colleagues will submerge in the Gulf Stream off the roast of Florida and drift along with the northerly current for six weeks at depths from 300 to 1000 ft. The four AC electric motors will only be used periodically to realign the vessel's position parallel to the west wall of the underwater river. 15 Tons of Batteries PA-15 will offer scientists what is probably the most sophisticated electrical capabilities of any existing non-military submarine -- all drawn from more than 15 tons of lead-acid batteries. Combined with solid state variable and fixed frequency inverters, 168 cells will provide 168 '336 v. power for the propulsion motor units. One hundred and twelve cells will be ar ranged to supply the input power to some of the 70 incandescent exterior lights, while some 98 additional cells will supply the power to auxiliary and instrumentation loads requiring low v oltage t28 v. I D.C. Making a combined total of 378 cells. The cells will operate in seawater at ambient temperature and pressure. A special pressure compensation res ervoir and diaphragm, and gas vent valve will be an integral part of each cell. Endurance and reliability are the watchwords for the Grumman en gineering team and the men construct ing the vehicle in Switzerland under Dr. Piccard's supervision. Although electricity will only be used in minimum quantities to pro pel the 50-ft. submarine during the Gulf Stream Drift Mission, there is no illusion about the need to conserve available power. A passive "natural convection" system of carbon dioxide contaminant and humidity control is being used to eliminate the need for fans or blowers, and heat in the ve hicle will come from the 55-65 deg. temperature of the Gulf Stream it self, with another ten degrees gen erated bv the equipment and "warm bodies" manning the vehicle. Even food preparation will be car ried out without need for electrical power. Freeze-dried, frozen meal.' will be reconstituted using 210-deg. water kept hot in superinsula ted tanks foi the duration of the vovasre. Although the exact scientific goals of the Gulf Stream Drift Mission are still being formulated, the use of electricity plays one vitally important role in the safety precautions aboard the PA-15. Just as in the bathyscaph "Trieste", designed bv Professor Auguste Piccard and his son, Dr. Jacques Piccard, and in the tourist submarine "Auguste Piccard", an emergency ballast system will rely on electromagnetic valves holding sev eral tons of iron shot. Any electrical failure causes the valves to open, dropping the shot and adding many tons of buoyancy to the "floating" power of the vehicle. --3-- LI AL 6 b1C i f M The Laurence G. Payson House at 435 East 70th Street in New York Citv is `'home" to some 425 families. MTat makes this home unique is the fact it is part of the huge complex called the New York Hospital, one of the world's great hospitals. It houses a large part of the staff: doc tors. nurses, interns and technicians in a variety of apartments ranging from "efficiency" types to duplex apartments. The advantages to the staff in living here, in addition to the convenience of living near one's job, include central air conditioning, rec reation terraces, group meeting rooms and a two-level garage. The archi tects, Frost Associates of New York City, have left no stone unturned to provide amenities one would expect in a well designed home. First im pressions often being the most last ing. the designer has taken care that spacious plazas with landscaped gar dens meet the eye as one approaches. It is in one of these that the charm ing fountain, pool and planter, illus trated in the photograph, is placed. Constructed of concrete, the pool is built in two levels. It takes advantage of the sound and movement of water along with the counterpioint provided by greenery in the integrally de signed plant box. Lead, of course, is the waterproofing membrane used in order to protect the occupied space below--in this case the garage. The innovation in this particular instal lation is the use of sheet lead as an exposed membrane instead of the usual system involving layers of pro tective fill and finish. Exposed lead was used in this case because of its unique and lasting beautv. according to Nembhard N. Culin. Associate in charge. Four lb. lead (1/16 in. thick) was used and installed bv A. blunder & Son of Lons Island Citv. Joints were burned, and. since they were designed to be exposed, extreme care was exercised in their formation. A butt joint between sheets was speci fied. In order to guarantee the integ rity of the lining along this joint, a 3 in. wide strip of 2-lb. (1/32 in. thick) sheet lead was laid continu ously under the joint. The two abut ting layers, and the strip underlayment vere then burned together. All other edges were secured bv calking into reglets. As is standard practice in all such Installations, surfaces of lead to be in contact with fresh con crete were protected with a brush coat of a bituminous coating com pound against corrosive action of free lime found in all cementitious mateterials until cured. Construction work was carried out under a general con tract held by Turner Construction Co. with Mever. Strong and Jones as mechanical engineers, all of NY .C. LI A 2 6511 1 The House on Oliver Street i. Nobody lives at the attractive colonial bouse on Oliver Street--nobody, that but a 4 KV distribution trans former you'll never see or hear. In a way, the house on Oliver Street jj like the living room hi-fi set. The typical husband buying such a set is concerned with performance and jpecifications and has little time for (ppearance. The average wife is con cerned with its appearance as a piece of furniture. The analogy between the hi-fi set and the house on Oliver Street is not far-fetched because it, too, represents the best of both performance and ap pearance. It is a substation of the Potomac Electric Power Company. Like other utilities, PEPCO is proud of its reputation for reliability. To deliver power without interrup tion, it has earned that reputation by investing in rugged, quality equip ment with adequate factors of safety. But appearance counts too for the company realizes that the nation's capital is also the nation's show place and functional equipment like the transformer and switchgear of a sub station need tasteful housing in keep ing with the surrounding decor. Thus it is that the inside of the decorative two-story, brick colonial house in a ashinjrton suburb is an efficient substation dominated by a 4 KY transformer and its associated I switchgear. No one could guess from I the outside. The house is perfect right J down to its multi-pane windows and slate roof. Some of the windows even | light up at night. j So perfect is its resemblance to the surrounding residences that nobody could have guessed that this was a ! substation . . . except for one thing. , In the early morning hours or at ! other times when the normal street noises fell to low levels, the hum of the transformer could be heard out side the house. This happened despite precautions taken to block all unnec essary openings and sound paths. The sound paths judged to be at fault in leaking the hum were the air intake opening and duct, the white wooden front door and the two front windows which lit up at night. The other windows, incidentally, are com plete in every detail (even to stage flat painted Venetian blinds) except that they are backed up by a single course brick wall. Block that sound path The intake duct measures 4'-2" x 3'-2" and is 17 ft. long with two rightangle bends in it. It was lined with fiberglass and two baffle plates were inserted. The exhaust goes up the chimney and the treatment of the duct reduced its level to well below that of the other sound leakage paths. Next in line for treatment were the windows and door. The door was cov ered with 8 lb. lead over a layer of sheet metal on the inside. A good fit and heavy frame allowed PEPCO to dispense with gasketing which is usually also necessary in treating doors. The front windows--the ones that light up at night--were surrounded by a box structure a little larger than the window frame and 4 in. deep. This has an access door so that the lights can be changed or cleaned. The box was made completelv of 12 lb. lead and framed with wood. The false side windows were backed widi a single course of brick and this was also considered a weak point for sound leakage. Treatment here was quite simple: a sheet of 12 lb. lead somewhat larger than the window area was nailed to the inside of the brick wall so that it was at least equivalent to the remaining thicker portion of the wall. When the substation was tested it was found that sound leakage had been reduced a substantial amount. LEAD HELPS KEEP ITS SECRET Interior view of lead covered door and windows. Treatment reduced sound leakage substantially. Sheet lead covered windows keep transformer noise Inside house. -5- L I A? 65 17 Lead makes a better shower pan! 2 Crimping pigeared corner. Hole lor drain already cut out. 5 Completed pan before installation in shower room. Completed pan, folded slightly to facilitate placement, being fitted into place. Note formation of pigeared corners. LI A 2 6 5 13 Pigeared corner folded info place and receiving final shaping. Nofe bifuminous coaiing compound or felf on all concrefe or morfar surfaces In Imagine being lost in the desert with no idea of where you are or which way to go. Well, a ship's navi gator faces a similar situation every time it's cloudy and he loses sight of land. There are no landmarks to ac curately establish his whereabouts. Now, nuclear technology may change all that. A low-cost, reliable atomic generator for beacons and buoys has been developed which will permit the marking of sea lanes throughout the world. Called URIPS, for Undersea Radio isotope Power Supply, it stands only 20 in. high and can operate at depths of up to 20,000 ft. Aerojet-General Corporation of San Ramon, Cali fornia, who manufacture the URIPS emphasize its high reliability and capabilities for unattended operation --two absolute prerequisites for suc cessful operation from a fixed, deep sea location. Revolutionary in design of the URIPS (and what makes AerojetGenera] capable of specifying 5 and 10 yr. reliability) is its lack of any moving parts--it's all solid state. Of course, another important fea ture, and one that makes possible the safe handling and easy transport of this compact, 800 lb. generator is its lead shielding. Lead shielding is used in the URIPS to effectively block radiation from the radioactive (Stron tium 90) fuel capsule during installa tion or eventual replacement of the generator. The heart of URIPS is its radio active heat source. Next to it--and The compact URIPS generator. This small lead shielded nuclear powered unit features high relia bility and long operational life. pulling heat from it--is a thermo electric converter. This is a semi conductor material that turns heat into DC electricity. Completely sur rounding this "generator core" is a lead shield which reduces the radia tion dose rate at the surface of the URIPS to a tolerable limit less than 100 miliiroentgen per hr. There are many applications for the URIPS besides navigational aids such as beacons and site markers. For example, it may be used to power scientific devices such as data re corders and transmitters for ocean ographic and metereological equip ment; for fixed underwater networks handling acoustic surveillance and de tection systems: and simply for main taining battery trickle charge. Aerojet-General says satisfactory power systems such as this for a fully-submerged marine environment have been sought for many years. In deep hydrospace, nuclear power stands out because of long sendee life, very high reliability, and insig nificant maintenance. Small, costeffective nuclear power supplies such as the URIPS generator are expected to fulfill a growing need for mark ing the world's sea lanes for years to come. -7-- LI AZ65lfi BATTERY POWER Back in the dear, dead days beyond recall, farmers knew about batteries. In fact, as early as the late 'teens a device known as the Delco Light Plant was being offered to farmers as a power source for pumping water and lighting buildings. Designed and marketed by The Domestic Engineer ing Company, a predecessor of pres ent-day Frigidaire Division of the General Motors Corporation, the out fit consisted of a simple one cylinder generator and some glass jar, leadacid cells. You could choose a 32 v. (16 cell) or 110 v. (56 cell) system, depending on your needs. As a rou tine part of the Farmer's daily chores, the Delco Plant received careful at tention. Such things as electrolyte levels, line connections, and fuel supply for the generator were almost as important as cropping and animal husbandry. Then came the power line march ing down the road, and today every farm in America has access to cen tral station power a-plenty. But batteries again promise to play a prominent part in rural economics . . . and with far less care and atten tion than in the old days. These new uses of lead-acid batteries, though, will be mobile, not stationary. Sev eral important new work vehicles are now becoming available for heavyduty assignments on farms, and these are deserving of a closer look. One of the most back-breaking tasks ever encountered around a dairy farm is the handling and feed ing of silage. Two or three manufac turers are now building battery pow ered feeding carts to provide quick, quiet delivery of silage to stanchioned cattle, with less effort and fuss than ever before thought possible. One of these carts will carry enough feed in one load to satisfy about 35 head, and the job can be done in about that number of minutes. Powered by four 6 v. lead-acid batteries, the machine is operated by a mounted driver, is easily maneuvered in and out of nar row passageways, makes no noise to frighten the animals, and can be sim ply recharged between feeding sched ules. One manufacturer is testing an auxiliary device that will permit the vehicle to be used for distributing chopped bedding, and this will make the apparatus even more versatile. Another interesting vehicle is find ing its way into the important poultry and egg farmers industry. This three wheeled cart is designed to do a num ber of jobs, depending upon the type of accessories used. The egg pro ducer, using the captive hen system wherein each layer is actually an egg "factory ' enclosed in a small cubicle with atmosphere and diet closelv controlled, uses this batterv powered machine to excellent advantage. The operator can ride the cart down the aisle between the rows of `'factories.'' both hands free (steering is done by guide rail pressure against axle link age arms on the cart), feeding as he goes. Then, on the return trip and with crates replacing the feed bin. eggs can be gathered. Again, this vehicle permits quiet operation, im portant with poultry, and is mechan ically simple to operate and maintain. In some parts of the country you will see a version of this cart used in other ways: as a flat-bed tote truck for plantings and seedlings in nur series and garden supply centers, for one. Surprisingly, it will handle heavy loads of balled plants right out into the planting areas, despite soft earth and rough terrain. Even more highly specialized is the use of this flat-bed around mink ranches. Here quiet operation in feeding and choring is very essential, because these skittish critters will de stroy each other if frightened byl sudden noises. Mechanization in rural America! has long been accepted as realityp and batteries are showing their real! potential more and more as power! sources. New technology in controls 1 charging techniques, and battery provements are opening new doors! for farm equipment equally as well i as in the industrial material handling ] field. For instance, consider the ideal of a battery powered lawn and gar den tractor, now being built with combustion engines. This device has wide appeal for the suburban "farmette'' as well as fitting into the work support zone of the full-size farm. More than 200,000 lawn and gar den tractors were marketed in the U. S. last year, and the majority of these were in the 4-7 hp. range. One or two prominent equipment manu facturers have studied this market in depth and the technical feasibilitv of building a machine to operate with conventional batteries. The answers were favorable and these companies are now considering the development of a prototype--late 1968 or early 1969 are the target dates for intro duction. But what about the machine that all farm mechanization is built around--the full-size tractor? Could this titan conceivable be built with batteries as a power source? There are some people that think so. One approach describes a high pro file vehicle reminiscent of the strad dle machine used in lumbering today, but much more sophisticated, and with industrial type batteries for power. Four 15 hp. motors are posi tioned within the wheels, which in turn are electrically steered. Each leg is self-adjusting for over-the-ground vertical flexibility, and can be swiv eled instantlv to move the tractor --8-- LI A? 65 IF Artist'* conception of the future battery powered farm trac tor. Charging station is in the right rear, with battery in re charge position at top of drive-in rack. (Courtesy -- NATION'S AGRICULTURE magaiine) sidewavs down the field. The com puterized control center can be spotted anywhere along the over frame, and tillage tools, combine, and other attachments would mount directly beneath the frame. The op erator would control all functions with a small computer. Battery charg ing would be done at night, with spare batteries for use during peak seasons. Historically, battery powered ve hicles have been restricted to con fined uses, on hard surfaces, and with specific task assignments. But, based on some of the signs pointed out here, the future will undoubtedly hold some broader concepts of battery capabilities, and farmers will be among those to welcome the develop ments. Truly, Gaston Plante's lead-acid battery, an innovation more than a century ago. promises to invade many fields! Schematic of Delco Light Plant system from salesman's notebook of 1916. Oct. 16, 1916 Silage feeding cart (front view) showing battery boxes at top and bottom center, also at both front corners, bottom. Delivery chute is to rear and just behind wheel. CRANKING CIRCUIT BATTERY QMJQt --9-- LIA265 It if ! ithout a doubt, corrosive vapors and humiditv are two items likely to be found in most any chemical lab oratory. These can play havoc with the furniture. Fumes from acids, al kalis and solvents which are con stantly in use around the lab could destroy most metals in a hurry. It is onlv natural then, that lead should have a part in protecting such furni ture. Lead is well known for its chemi cal corrosion resistance. It is com monly used in lining laboratory sinks and the waste pipe in the plumbing, as well as for chemical tank linings and piping out in the plant. Duralab Equipment Corp.. Brooklyn, X.Y.. a Where quality goes into laboratory furni ture, feme, a lead-alloy coated steel helps keep corrosion at bay. manufacturer of quality laboratory furniture takes full advantage of lead in their use of terne metal, a leadalloy coated steel, in the construction of all their furniture. John Stein, Sales Manager at Duralab, is enthusiastic about terne's con tribution to the quality of the end product. He says. "The terne metal used in our laboratory equipment presides the `extra' dimension in corrosion protection. In particular", he points out. "one must consider what happens in concealed areas such as joints, where the metal overlaps. The chemical sprav ordinarily utilized in the manufacture of such metal fur niture fail; to penetrate to this area, and in turn, corrosive action in mam rases may begin even during fabri cation. Bv contrast, terne metal has a protective coating that combats cor rosion right from the steel mill. " Another consideration which Mr. Stein points up is what happens upon injury to the paint finish, furniture made of terne literally has the unique ability to "repair itself". Without this additional protection, the base metal becomes immediately exposed to cor rosion. During fabrication, terne metal is formed into many shapes without haring the coating stripped off, too. A distinct advantage held by the lead alloy over other inexpensive coatings is the fact that it acts as a die lubri cant in stamping and drawing oper ations--thus die life in considerably extended. Duralab's Vice President. Joseph P. Ingarra notes that terne also has other advantages. ``We find this ma terial accepts paint like a dream_ simply degrease and it's ready--no costly pretreatment." To emphasize terne's inherent corrosion resistance, he relates, "Many is the time when we receive delivery of terne and the cold rolled steel strapping is fully rusted, vel the terne is in like new condition--and this carries through to the finished product, also." Duralab provides a wide variety of fume and air conditioning hoods, wall and floor cabinets, sink assem blies. counter tops and assorted scien tific laboratory and educational equipment fabricated from terne metal. During fabrication and in subsequent join ing operations, the lead-tin alloy costing provides `'extra" corrosion protection. --10 LIA2 6517 4 t i r i Bragg ()<i,teneAtcty OdcU 'H ncU a&aut ^.ead teod "collars" the universe . . . ['tine an ingenious lead-filled vinyl f0]lar this Questar telescope, shown jn its polar equatorial position, is in perfect balance with the camera at a fine dielectric material, and a good adhesive, especially in electronic ap plications, states International Busi ness Machines Corp.'s Components Div.. East Fishkill. IN. A . Due to its elasticitv. it is an especially inter esting adhesive for joining materials with widely differing coefficients of expansion, savs IBM. Example: sil ver foil joined to an alumina sub strate. the opposite end. The collar, weighins 1 pound, is wrapped around the star (hart as an aid for smooth elec tric driving during celestial photog raph}. Elastic Ceramic Has Potential A mixture of lead titanate, lead zirconatr. and borosilicate glass called Composition P is a good insulator, Piezoelectric Ignition. Foul or wet, spark plugs will fire with this tvpe of ignition svstem being evalu ated by the U.S. Army. This plug, based on a solid-state effect in which substances with piezo electric properties produce electricity when mechanicallv stressed, consists of a cam and a high-voltage switch. Crvstals of lead-zirconate-titanate-- which produce a spark when stressed mechanically by the cam--are stacked and encased in polypropvlene. The function of the switch is to time the spark to the engine. And. too, spark plug electrode ero sion is decreased due to the extremely rapid voltage rise of the spark, which requires less energv for ignition than most conventional systems. "Sweating" A Cable. Workman is lifting core of old telephone cable from pot after lead covering has been melted off. Over 20,000 tons of lead and lead alloys were reclaimed in this manner last year by a estern Elec tric Co. subsidiary--primarily from lead covered telephone cable. ms ! I ' iit ; i: ,s I| ji ? CHANGE OF ADDRESS __ ADD ME TO YOUR MAILING LIST (please check one) CHANGE OF ADDRESS OR NEW READER % Use this side of the coupon if you have recently changed %your address or if you would like to be added to the mailing list for LEAD From - , Title Company Street City, state, zip code ToName, title Company Street Cify, state, LI A2 65U PLEASE CHECK INTEREST Painting Health & Safety Architectural & building __ Design & Radiation Engineers '__ Ceramics I__: Chemical Engs. |__ Battery power i__! Miscell. (please specify) UJJiuujmiJi/ ujjiujuu u'LIBRARY OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION rn (ollowlni puDllcitloni in ivillibli fne of cnari* unlan ottiarwlaa noted. Send nquem,"Tl LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION. 292 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. loot)j NEW LISTINGS The lead matrix A 26-min color film describing the di verse uses for lead. For group showings. All lead building Two reprints describing this unique use of lead for the roof and sidewalls. Cool soldering developments A six-page reprint describing eight new soldering techniques. Lift better electrically A suggested format for promoting the in creased use of battery powered fork-lift trucks. Better batteries spark new interest in electric trucks An inside view on the latest developments in lead-acid batteries. GENERAL Lead & zinc supply and demand Authoritative examination of the short and intermediate supply and demand prospects for lead and zinc. Thirty-five pages. Design engineering data New developments in organolead chemistry Latest trends in using organoleads for variety of purposes. Eight page reprint gives data and reactions. BATTERIES Picture book of power batteries Industrial truck costs in a jiffy Check lift truck truths CONSTRUCTION Working with Lead --and Adhesives Twelve-page manual tells how to do it, what adhesive to use. Covers acoustical, X-ray, laboratory, outdoor waterproofing, and special projects. Architectural & Construction Bulletin No. 1 Eight-page brochure on Acoustical Plenum Barriers and how to install them. Practical Designs for Noise Barriers An eight-page reprint which covers seven actual cases. Lead to control sound and vibration Isolation of buildings from vibration Two reprints discuss a number of case histories of the use of lead-asbestos pads to control ground-borne vibration. Ways to reduce press vibration Practical lead sound barriers Twelve page manual gives specific wall constructions and performances. Lead roofing and flashing Sixteen-page handbook gives all standard lead roofing systems. High-temperature lead joints Waterproofing with sheet lead Lead work for modern plumbing $2 per copy; $1.50 for 10 or more. ENGINEERING Soldering alloys (Revised) Where to use terne coated steel Four page reprint summarizes new indus trial uses for terne, a lead coated steel. Modern chemical construction Method of lining lead tanks Use epoxies to line tanks with lead Cleaning "hot" parts ultrasonically Piezoelectric transducers Importance of lead in glass New electroceramic data Lead sheathing for power cable Materials of construction review Corrosion data--lead & alloys Nuclear materials Radiation protection Anodes for cathodic protection FINISHES Classification of inorganic enamels Two part description of inorganic glass enamels and application techniques. Three tables, six pages. Follow the safety line with chrome yellow Formulations and suggested applications for chrome yellow safety paints. Eight pages. Lead paint systems for bridges Two reprints Red lead based paint systems Porcelain enamels: For aluminum Low temperature steel Glazes for brick UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL 'LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED. AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS.