Document MM9bn6x6JwXm623k9ox5Derpx

FILE NAME: Touraine Paint Company (TPC) DATE: 1939 July 18 DOC#: TPC002 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Internal Report Jfnmt, JJantislj mib JZartjitcr JVssnriatimi / wnem ..ttlO IX T --IUMlfT T. T il* * . W uai.rTM NC0W| * 0 " ATKP 2201 NEW YOR|t A V t N w w a sh in o to n . d. c . m cM um ii--. i . n a t u c l h u i n n u cmtm o r r ic i or THE PRESIDENT u : a n * r --a u u w. i u o n . w i u i w m ' CSlMItL-- . IIACDOWaLD. V u m a t f U JuljT I S , 1 9 3 9 TO CLASS A VL' j EHS: CONFIDENTIAL Nat for Publication fttIO U l V IC t-H C l' IlNT a t * !>*--- S i i t i a v * l t t . * ; i l I.IT IM -- . | . u t t l l . a t* *: f S i t u . iCH iSvffcVl C g t T M L ---- I I L T H f . . ( . * : * U T |ilR - |,^ M flT fl | t l f H ' J ! oiviiioH4L vi-MCr:sw 11*1 I iff Tcxic r.%trials with th eir ever-present problens require our conscientious con sideration o f the fundamental p rin c ip le s in vo lved . The N aticr.el F a in t, Varnish and Lacquer A sso ciatio n i s keenly in terested in providing C la s s A ranbers with as raucn information on t h is su b je ct as i s p ra ctica b le a t th is tim e. This in formation being co n fid e n tia l is not intended fo r general p u b licatio n , - i t is being sent only to the C la ss A group. Please respect th is confidence. The v it a l fa c to r concerning to x ic ..late rio ls i s to i n t e l lig e n t l y safeguard the p ub lic. People ray f e e l sa fe r in buying m a terials whose danger they know rn th .r than m aterials unknown to them. TTe tr u s t the several phases presented herein w ill be o f some b e n e fit to cenbers in applying every precautionary erasure in manufacturing, in s e llin g und in use wheru to x ic m aterials are lik e ly to or oo enter a product. Toxics end th e ir e ffe c t s i s e su b ject very brood in scope and can-only b r i e f ly bo treated in th is message. C hildren 's to y s , equipment, fu r n itu r e , e t c . are not the only co n sid eratio n . Toxics - ,.;.'t;y compounds used in pain ts or lacquers may have harmful e ffe c t s i f cr.rc 3sly handled. Toxic m aterials nay enter the body through the lungs in the foru o f d u st, mist , vapors, or g a se s, through the sk in , or through the mouth end stomach, m aterial inhaled in to the nose and mouth can d isso lv e in the s a liv a and bo swallowed. Ir r ita n t m aterials may c ls o have s d ir e c t a c tio n upon tno skin end the mucous `nmbranes o f the. e y e s,n o se , mouth, and th r e a t. I t must be remembered th a t a l l people do not re a ct in the some way when exposed to chem icals. Some may he q u ite s e r io u s ly a ffe c te d by q u a n titie s which are harmless to o th e r s. Hence, i t fo llo w s th a t any one usin g p rin t and a lli e d prod u cts should provide adequate v e n t ila t io n and should observe ordinary sanitnry measures such as the washing o f the hands and fa c e before eatin g end keeping the clo th es c le a n . D ir ty work c lo t h e s , in clu ding sh o ,,s, can bu an important source o f skin absorption. Some o f the in gre d ie n ts o f p ain ts end a i l i t d products n igh t receive sp e cia l mention because o f th o ir s p e c ific e f f e c t s , rather than bueaust they n erely d isp la ce part o f the a i r or cause s l i g h t discom fort i f taken in to the stomach or system. The follow in g pigments muy be considered r.s to x ic i f th sy fin d th o ir way in to * stomsch. The .-mount to le r a te d by the body v a rie s w ith the pigment. Ar.tiucny. AntJLcor.y c x id o , Maples y e llo w , or othor antimony ccrngf^b/S. (Antimony i s supposed to be co n sid erab ly lo s s to x ic than lead* ^ NCA 1) 02901 - 2- thare i s much evidence tv In d icate td at i t is a to x ic m e ta r ia l.) "teiy cases of suspected untunony poisoning have been traced to the Accocpanyinu- lu.d, /.renic .CcKipounda. P aris green or other compounds containing a rsen ic. Ci-V-j-a.. C.dciuB s u lfid e s raid selenid cs ore t o x ic , but belong to the i* sser u:fcd pigments. Chr_-%i_vrs, C h r o n te s o f n i l typos are oncerstood tc be . " t l - t i - c i y to x ic . Cl.rordum oxides are r e lr .tiv e ly n o r.-to xic.' Lc-.c Com ounos. ffu ite le rd , red le a d , iitn a r g e , load chrom tos (chrome y e ile w , chrome gre e n ), or other lend pigments. P e n u r y . Red ur.d yellow oxides o f mercury or other products containing r <ury - Liquids - A lco h o ls. The t o x ic it y o f methyl a lco h o l i s very w ell xrown. As used in lacquers, the other alcohols are re la tiv e ly t ir e le s s . jjsn vo l.-- T rie i s probably tnc. a o st dangerous o f a l l c v o a tr c ia l so lv e n ts, but i t s use ir. our industry i s r>rohably r e s tr ic te d to ce rta in pain t end varnish recovers. lo r lnated Hydrocarbons . Carbon tc .tr ic h lo r id e , t r ic h lo r eth ylen e, r ju -ic h lc r c th a 'n c , othylene uicitf.oride, and s i a i la r chlo rin ated r l i - ph.-.tic hyuroerrbons ir e said to be very 0 dimerous t o n e s . Chlorjjiuted ro eu tic Uyuroc .rbor, / ru c i ' l to be iucr. to x ic th . a ti.c c.or: cr.,onux..g hyurocur'oon i t u n i f , but some chlorinated r.rca .t ic s are freq u en tly tne source of rkin troubles, Lcccuer S o lv e n ts. There i s setae evidence that the a c e ta te s -- e th y l, b u tyl and c z y l--ere more cr le s s t o x ic . Acot one n.r.d, t h i ether ketones are r .lc .tiv e ly iirrmloss. M c-t other so lvents used to a lt s s v r exten t are e ith e r hoxiaLess in them s e lv e s , ere used in such r e la tiv e ly sm ell amounts, or are ss slow ly evaporating th a t they present no hazard. K cthyl A lco h o l. The use o f th is product should be avoided. d e fin ite ly poisonous. It is Solven t Naphtha. T h is i s a lso r e la t iv e ly n o c -te x ic as compared to b e n z e l, cad probobly le s s to x ic then to lu o l end x y l o l . T oluol ur.d X y lo l. In equal co n cen tratio n s, those aru sa id tv be more to xic than benzol, but because they are le s s v o la tile tho actu al hazard is usually le s s . 1 MCA 0 02902 / - 3- Trlcresyl Phosphates, The para- and m eta-tricresyl phosphates which are used as p lasticize rs are non-toxic. Ortho-trieresyl phosphate, on the other hand, ie- a violent poison. Turpentine and "Ineral S p ir its . These products are re la tiv e ly non-toxic but are s t i l l liste d in works on toxicology as causing eczema end ir r i tation of the skin end mucous membrunos. Some people exposed to the f_-e s ere subject to internal disorders when breathing substantial ar.our.t3 of turpentine, Mineral sp irits is less toxic then turpentine. Other rlF.stlcizo rs. Very l i t t l e is known regarding the to x icity o f other c.-nnon so-called chemical p la sticize rs, but the hazard frea v o la tilit y or dust i s , of course, small. 7ne main ccncidration, whenever paint products ore used, is constant repetition to the paint consumer of the necessity o f employing adequate ventilation and maintaining personal hygiene. Printed Vetter - Color cards and advertising literature should not in clude any reference by the use of words or sketches to indicate or recom mend a product for children's toys, equipment, furniture, e t c ., unless' i t is absolutely free from toxic materials. Ncr.-Foiscnous Colors - I t is generally conceded there is r e la tiv e ly l i t t l e danger o f toxic e ffe c t from paints on toys and nursery furniture, as both the paint manufacturer and the toy manufacturer are fam iliar with the types of non-poisenous pigments to use. Nevertheless, the individual company should constantly guard against using any toxic material, especially lead compounds, in products for finishing children's to ys, e tc . Note: (See page #7 of "Odds end Ends", a special circu lar of the S c ie n tific Section National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association issued August 1938.) Grcwn-ups are exposed to some hazards as in the case o f children. There fore products fo r finishing p en cils, and other a r tic le s that may be placod in the mouth, through habit, require the use o f to xic-free m aterials. Labeling - No d e fin ite procedure Is recommended for lab elin g. Labeling is serious since I t becomes a public matter with the question as to what would result i f th is were done. Each manufacturer can ably cope with the toxic material situ atio n by constantly safeguarding the public through the prod ucts he manufactures and by the repetition o f Instructions to salesmen service men and others who con in te llig e n tly instruct the consumer o f the advantages o f providing adequate ventilation and o f aaintiining personal hygiene. General - The statenant o f legal principles liste d below was prepared for s*nd distributed by the Manufacturing Chemists' Association fo r the guidance of it s inaobcrs concerned with labeling problems, and la supported by decisions of the courts. Although the principles set forth are not e n tirely the result of litig a tio n involving material used by manbers o f our industry they are nevertheless generally applicable to situations arising from the use of harmful substances. NCA 0 02502 M&nur&cturlng Chc-inists' Association Legal Principles 1. A manufacturer who puts out c dtngcrdus a r tic le or substance without uCconpLnying- i t with u warning < to i t s dangerous properties is c r c ir.srily lia b le for any dacuge which resu lts from such fa ilu r e tc warn. 2 . A manufacturer ur dealer who erroneously labels a dangerous drug with the name of a harmless substance is liable for any injury which ray he caused thereby. 3 . Failure tc ccmply with c statute, e.g., with respect tc labeling pcis*;ns, is usually held tc be negligence par sc or at least evjiur.ce of negligence. C . The name of the product alone nay be sufficient burning, if its natur* is very widely known or its sale is restricted to those who r*rc . pr^suned tc know its nature, but even in such cases the advisability of a specific warning is indiceted. 5. Technical necuracy say not be sufficient protection for the manufecVirer if he uses worcs which ray give the purchaser th iopres3ion that his product is not -.het it octufdly is. 6 . A nonwnrrrnty of results is net a warning against possible dangerous results. 7. The ccns-xtier is en title d to re ly on positive* representations or d i rect lens t.ppe&ring on the label unless h& knows them to oe incorrect. 6. The manufacturer is ordinarily a use for which i t is not intended reasonably have been foreseen. I t whether a p articular re su lt should are apt to d iffe r on th is p cin t. not lia b le i f his product is put tc and an injury resu lts which could net is often d i f f i c u l t , however, to taev have been foreseen, and the courts 9. The manufacturer or one who holds himself out tc be the manufacturer must know tho q u a litie s of his product and he cannot escape li a b ili t y on the ground that he did not know i t to be dangerous. 10. The general rule that a manufacturer is not lia b le to these not in p riv ity o f Contract with him (loos not apply when his product is immi nently or'inherently dangerous. Conclusion - fie grant that tills is a very broad subjoct, and doubt i f a concir: set c f roles can be establish ed . Kc-vortheless, i t may be sale th at our members can meet th eir individual problems in safeguarding the p u b lic, including of course our own fa cto ry employees, by their sincere e ffo r t in taking advantage of very possible prcccutlon in the use of to x ic materials i s manufacturing, sellin g and in u se. Such precautions plus constant rep etitio n o f in te llig e n t in struction s w ill, i t is believed, secura the best resulpsr* ETTsoe g O Q 02204