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American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1932
Table 12. Pipe Sizes for Two-Pipe Vapor11 Systems, where Equivalent Length
OF RUN FROM BOILER OR SOURCE OF SUPPLY TO FARTHEST.
Radiator does not exceed 200 Ft.
Capacity irt Sq. Ft. of Equivalent Radiation
Based on Total Pressure Drop of 1 oz. per 100 ft.
Pipe
Sob Inches
Supply Main Dripped and Branches to Risers , Dripped
Steam and Con densate flowing in same direction..
AB
. 3A
l
56
Supply Risers Dp-Feed
Branches to Supply Rnnggw AND RADIATORS
Nor Dripped
Return Risers
C
30 56.
B
190 26 450
Wet Return
Main
Dry Return
Main
?
_
700
-V .-C
320
lA 122 lA : 190
2 386
2A 635
3 1163 1737
122 190
386 635
1129 1548
. . 58 95
195 395
700 1150
990 1500 3000
--
--
1200 1900
4000 6700
10,700
-----------------
670 . : 1058 ;
. 2300 3800
7000 10,000
4 2457
2042
1700
--
--
--
5 4546
--
3150
--
--
--
6
7462
Different makes of supply and return valves, steam traps and other specialties vary as to capacity, therefore use size as recommended for
any particular make. Vertical connections to.be of same size as valve
and trap used. Return horizontal runout to be not less than $ In.
....
r. .... , Q>_ f American Society o? Heating and Ventilating Engi^krs I Not to be Reprinted Wlth-
tAJpyngnt,
^ Heating and Piping Contractor* National Association / out Special Permission
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING TABLE 12
al. Radiator branches more than 8 ft. in length should be one size larger than,shown in Column D.
b2. This table is for systems which are open to atmosphere or operate under slight pressure or partial vacuum without use of vacuum pumps.
3. These tables apply where pipes are properly reamed. No allowances for defective material or workmanship have been made. (Also see Tables 7 and 8).
.4. Capacities based on A lb. condensation per square foot per hour equivalent radiation and actual diameter of standard pipe.
5. Extra length to be added to straight run of pipe for various fittings and valves to determine equivalent length. (See Table 4).
6. Where it is necessary to drip a supply main, supply riser or branch to a supply riser, same should be dripped separately into a wet return. The drip for a vapor or vacuum system may be taken into a dry return through a steam trap.
7: Pitch of mains should be not less than A in. in TO ft.; on horizontal branches to radiators and risers at least A in. in 10 ft.
8. In general it is desirable not to have a supply main smaller than 2 in. in diameter. When the supply main is larger than 2A in. at the beginning, it is desirable that it shall not be smaller than 2J6 in. at the end.
150
Chapter 9--Steam Heating. Systems and Pipe Sizes....
pr spaces where overheating is likely to occur, or:where the same tempera tures are not desired in all. the rooms or spaces of the building.
Orifice Control1
In using the last method, the fate of flow of steam into a radiator can be
controlled by means of (1) a restriction of variable area such as is obtained
by throttling the radiator valve, or (2) a fixed restriction, such as a fixed
orifice, a variable flow being obtained by varying the pressures on the
two sides of the orifice.
'"i
The use of a fixed orifice makes it possible to reduce the heat output of a radiator to any desired extent. The radiator may be kept full of steam when the maximum heat output is needed, by adjusting the pressure on the inlet side of the orifice so that it is sufficiently above that in the radiator. In mild weather the flow of steam into the radiator may be reduced to such an extent by reducing the difference in pressure between the two sides of the orifice that only a small part of the radiator is heated.
rTHEStaJEECTlONS SHOULD BE AS SHOUT AS HUCTICAL USNG ASFEW-, \lUBM5 AS POSSIBLE. IKE SIZES SHOULD PBEFEBIHV BE NOT
SMALLEB THAN GIVEN IN TABLE BELOW.
(KATE ABEA
PIPE SIZE.
A Sa FEET OB LESS-------------- W
Fig. 7.
THESE PIPES MAT K ANY SIZE CONSIDEBED PB0PEB FOB FEEDING1 BOILEBS AND LESS THAN STEAM CONNECTIONS H TABLE ABOVE.
Using the Hartford Return Connection
Between these extremes, the pressure differential may be adjusted to'give the flow of steam required for weather conditions encountered at any time during the heating season.
Radiator orifices can be inexpensively made and installed.' When an orifice system is properly operated, it is possible to obtain highly satis factory control of building temperature, resulting in economy in the use of steam for heating.
For additional information on temperature control, refer to-Chapter 23.
PIPING CONNECTIONS Hartford Return Connections
The Hartford return connection illustrated in Fig. 7 and in other piping layouts in this chapter is recognized as safer and preferable to
q iFoLa1d!SOI,al intonation on this subject, refer to Flow of Steam through Orifices into Radiators, by
o. a. bantord and C. B. Sprenger [Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, June. 1931]. 151