Document MK6NE1nopv6XQ3a3nVqO17Nj

The Story of ANACONDA ELECTROLYTIC WHITE LEAD Product of the Modern Age WHITER WHITES CLEANER TINTS MAXIMUM DURABILITY ^'om af fim* matt I H6 mTa l used in making Anaconda White lead argmc'es n the vost complex lead-line ore bodies found -n the u:' zi Utah. Mined and smelted in the West, lead bunion * * tnioped to East Chicago, Indiana, where t is refinea ana ..sea n rhe oroauctian of Anaconao White lead. A orief. Ouy!?aie3 'fi'am mtn* *o fimjhed product'' story is oresented on --e ?c.owing pages. As mmed, the ore contains lead, zinc, arsenic, antimony, sitv*' goid, and copper. This ore is snipped to Anaconda s suosiccrv. international Smelling ond Refining Company ct Tooe-e. /c*. thirty-five miles southwest of Salt Lake City. Cattmq ;*aa bv(lo ^ovr 'an noyKtfj THE BLAST FURNACE is a reducing furncce *nere ~e*ciiics n combination with other elements ere reduced fo me -"*c:s themselves. Remaining non-metallics are discarded as sicg. The blast furnace produces actual metal wnich, even *nougn ether metals are present, looks exactly like -eoa. Thu -e*ai s called bullion, it is heated in huge steel kettles, cna n tne pres* ence of air the cooper oxidiies. The capper oxide floats to me *op and is skimmed off. The bullion is then pumpea mto four-ten moulds where it is allowed to solidify. These pigs or bfocks of bullion are removed rhe ^c-u'Ct ora shipped by rail to East Chicago, Indiana. for -earing. TH ANACONDA PLANT ar East Chicago, inaicnc. 2Z -'lies southeast of Chicago, receives the four-ton blocks of button **sm rhe West. Here the various metols present in the bullion are seocroted by the Parkes' process. A good quality af common ieca is finally obtained, and from this Anaconda White leca .s mcae. Pirst, the four-ton blocks are removed from the car o-v *aw tA<vri0 itert* vrth ** lovr en aifli. "ortgs mfo a Settle for meifing down. Thus the reining segins. To rhe surface of the moiten bullion, iime is added--:s.Tr*cn slaked lime, such os the builder uses. The temoeratgre -s 'Otsea, and bv agitation and the introduction of high oressure air beneath the surface of the bullion, rhe metal is softened . The lime rhen combines with the arsenic and antimonv oresenr. ormmg a dross which floats to the surface ond >s 'ecciiv sKimmed awoy. These by-product metols are, of course, scs- *'!+*< Qttd antimony comO>M ftv* l<n and or* tfimniN s* & ft 9 PNVCO0000003 (me i seats vcgeo a? was the copper. oreviousiv .-s^cvea. -- a - *s molten state can be oumoed like wafer era s sc ?0 the desilverizing kettle* wnere the goic era si^e' o-e * roved. This is accomplished bv me adoifion of z.rc czar forms a dross. This dross floats fo the top cno ^ u;---a z - :v bv hand end treated by anorher process to recove' ** = **c c<* metals. The lead, with the exception of the unc carte*' v > :c--* 0ro sorry**# u/ror end gkt a r*o*ea a* 10 hsmoca tifie t'th io >m *<# 3-3 merciaily pure. The zinc is oxidized off in a reveroerarorv %r* noce leaving commercially pure common teao from -men Anacondo White Lead i* mode. This lead is also cast mro oigs or bars weighing 100 pounds and sold to make sneer 'eaa. plumbers' supplies, cable sheathing, solders, and manv omer items of general use. THE LEAD used to moke Anacondo White Lead is transferred to a special moulding kettle ond there, under the most careful control, is cast into sheets or anodes about on -ncn in `hicKress. some 20 inches wide, and 30 inches high. Sucn cn anode *veigr* approximately 250 pounds. These are straightened and placed in a specially designed car so spaced that they may be removed eighteen at a time cna placed in electrolytic ceils when the car is delivered to the wnite lead plant. A BETTER WHITE LEAD is produced today because or a genius who knew no bounds, Elmer A. Sperry. At the age at The Sperry Electrolytic White Lead Process A TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Soerry elecfroNhc ceil as operated ?o prec.ce lead consists of a concrete ceil in wnich are tusoenaea eaa anodes and insoluble iron cathodes. The cathodes are erccsea in porous fabric envelopes which act as diaphragms, seocre* r~ the eiectrodes. Through the compartment formed bv me iao-> c envelope surrounding the cathode is circulated the catnclve. This electrolyte contains sodium acetate and a large amount of sodium carbonate. The cell tank is filled with the onolvte *n<cn circulates around the submerged anodes and the outer surface of the diaphragm. The anolyte contains sodium acetate and oniv a trcce of sodium carbonate. Sach electrolyte Is maintained in rapia cir culation about its electrode. The circulation systems of me two electrolytes are entirely independent, and no commur-ca'ion exists between the cafholyfe and anolyte save mr-ugn *ne diaphragm of the cell. The cell is placed in operation by passing direct cur-enr through the cell. Carbonate and hydroxide ions *n<grc*e .reer the influence of the current from the cathoiyte througn *He o<cphragm to the anolyte; at the same time electrochemical eaui*- aienf amounts of lead >on dissolve frcm ne surface of ***e eca anodes and pass momentarily into solution ;n the cnciv'e. Since the anions are more mobile than the cations me oiane m nicn 'he ions meet is quite close to the surface of me ancae. -n **m* plone precipitation takes place, and wmre fecd s *crmeo. Due to a slight seepage of catholyte througn tne aiqonra'gm me onions are transferred to the anolyfe <n amounts n excess sf the reaction requirements, This results in comoiete O'ecO'fcncn of the lead ions dissolved from the anode. The continuous flow of onolyte removes 'he te esq i'z~` the cell as fast as it is formed. From rne ceil me srcv'e ~c-s to a settler where the white lead is removea ana me siecn overflow from the settlers is returned conrmuousiv *o The catholyte n its circulation external to me ceil >s caroo^c'ea to replenish the carbonate ions and neutralize excessive ->va'cx. ide ions formed at surface of fhe cathode. The settled white lead is removed continuously from me oot* tom of the settler to a Alter where It posses through a counter* current washing cycle to remove and recover the anoivte scty tion. The washed white lead pulp is dried, ground =na cr floated, and is then barrelled in a dry pulverenr form. A study of the cell reactions indicates that the *crmula for white lead should be written Pb(CO -.PbOHI. and that mis com. pound is formed through the reactions of the intermeaicte pounds Pb(COjH); and Pb(OH):. The outstanding chare:*?'istics of electrolytic white lead--exceptional ounrv, or o-r whiteness and uniformity--are due to the ease with -n.c- :?> reactions can be controlled and to the fact mar m me ce rhe lead is dissolved from fhe surfcce of the leaa cncee :"?' metois remaining on the anode surface in rhe form o' : > 't Anaconda Lead-ln-Oil Dry white lead is mixed with pure linseed oil of the ine quality and double ground between stone wheels ro .nture tn incorporation of all of the white lead in the ail. 3eccuse of rn heat generated, rhe mills are water cooled. The ground Jeadin-oI is then placed in Anaconda s T-cae* containers, weighed and sealed. Anaconda Lead*l*Oit is easy to mix. No nours of stsr* -g at necessary to mix settled pigments. The particles in different white leads vary consideraoiv .n u: and shape. The particles in Anaconda White leca ore orci erly balanced in size and number to permit oer*ect ncoroar tion in linseed oil, assuring smooth brushing ana goca eve-lin Fineness makes for better covering ana hiding, proaucrg all-round paint of highest quality. Due to the absence of impurities. Anaconda orsauces -nil whites. Anaconda White ledd will actually ^oie. a -n*te se on ordinary white lead. sawttKaBaKBasas-