Document MJzKqbL9jwJZELKDd5Qov48o7

outweigh the Risks? fry Estf fOaltr, OSM GrantAdminiatrator OCAW Study OCAW plans to take part in a proposed study whan the University of Colorado Medical School will monitor tbs urine of oil workers for a two-yearperiod to deter mine if these tests are useful. Since we already know from the many population studies ofoil workers that have been con ducted that there are carcinogens in the refinery environment and that they do pose a cancer risk, these studies will also hopeftilly allow an overall assessment of risk to oil workers. This study will also help determine whether specific work activities or sites are associated with the presence of urine mutagens. The ultimate objective ofthese studies is to determine whether urine mutagenicity tests are useful in routine monitoring of exposed populations to de termine the extent of their cancer risk. The proposed study will begin to link environmental exposure data with the studies of refinery populations. In this study no one will see the results except the researchers and individuals tsstort The ability to accept responsi bility is die measure of the man. -- Roy L. Smith. What the Law Says The key question is, can the employer use genetic touting results, either moni toring or screening, to exclude an em ployee from a job? There are two laws that have poten tial application to such exclusions. The first is Title Vn ofthe Civil Rights Act of 1963. Title VH forbids discri mination in employment on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. However, the law does allow employers to set up bona fide occupational qualifica tions for a job. For a simplistic example, an employer legitimately requires that a driver be able to see, thus excluding blind people from the job. In a recent decision, involving the exclusion of women from jobs with exposure to substances that might affect the fetus, the courts ruled that "fetal protection policies" may be acceptable as a "business necessity" within strict guidelines, (Wright v. Olin Corp. 81-1229). Given the present state of the art ofgenetic testing tech niques, it is unlikely that employers could justify any exclusionary policy baaed on the results ofgenetic screen ing or monitoring. Some legal experts predict that, if the technology progresses and genetic Screening becomes common, the work force could be screened into a caste sys tem With at least two classes of people. ; -One group would contain "super* 'people," those resistant to disease and the second group would be the "unemploy ables " those who are healthy but unable to work because of a hereditary trait or chromosome abnormality that puts them in a higher risk category for future illness statistically. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 applies only to those with government contracts or "recipients of Federal Assistance." Most state laws offer broader protection to employment opportunities for hand icapped people. However, for the Rehabi litation Act to be applicable, two legal questions have to be answered. First, is a particular genetic makeup a handicap? Secondly, if it is, can these handicapped individuals be denied em ployment on the basis of the probability of fiiture illness? For OCAW members, genetic testing should be considered as part of medical surveillance and, if instituted by the em ployer, should be considered an issue for bargaining and should have the assist ance of the Health and Safety Dept, and your Inti Rep. Candidates for Hypersusceptibility Testing in the Workplace: Occupational Hazards: Genetic Factors Potentially Affecting Exposure Risks QENETIC FACTOR POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES FOR BEARER HK3H-RI8K CROUPS: ESTIMATED FREQUENCY Sickle-cell trait (or disease) G-6-PD deficiency \ Serum antitrypsin deficiency Aryl hudrocarbon hydroxylase de ficiency Acetylator phenotype Methomoglobin (NADH) reductase deficiency Thalassemia and trait Increased risk of sickling and infarc tion; enhancement of lead intoxica tion Chemically induced anemia Predisposition to emphysema Increased risk of lung cancer Vulnerability to arylamine bladder carcinogens Increased risk of methemoglobinemia following exposure to nitrates Intensifies lead toxicity and certain anemias 8% (U.S. Black males) 16% (U.S. Black males) 12%-13% (Filipinos) 11% (Mediterranean Jews) 2.5% (Chinese) 3% (General population) 10% (General population) 50% (General population) High (Native Americans) 2%-7% (U.S. Blacks) 2% (Greeks- ) 4% (Italians and Greeks) (conoco) Interoffice Communication to File From Date J . J . Hal 1 June 21, 1982 Subject GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANTS We have reviewed Conoco Chemicals' oolicy with respect to employment of females and teratogenic risks in light of recent legal developments and the merger with Du Pont. The decision has been made to make no changes at this time. Legal There have been two recent decisions involving this issue but both of these cases have been appealed so are not final. Du Pont Merger There are a number of Conoco policies which will need to be reviewed when the effects of the merger are clear. It doesn't seem appropriate or cc M. S. Fisher M. Malloy R. D. Gamblin R. E. Lehmkuhl D. L. Norwood N. C. Frost AL 000045880 James J. Hall To / ct, 4* A'C Date V/ ft- htt- 'tjfl. ,: f i^v (conoco) Interoffice Communication To File DRAFT From J. J. Hall 9St Subjtct GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANTS We have reviewed Conoco Chemicals' policy with respect to employment of females and teratogenic risks in light of recent legal developments and the merger with du Pont. The decision has been made to make no changes at this time. Legal There have been two recent decisions involving this issue (see attached memo) but both of these cases have been appealed so are not final. Du Pont Merger There are a number of Conoco policies which will need to be reviewed when the effects of the merger are clear. It doesn't seem appropriate or necessary to act at this point. J. J. Hall Ce: R. D /Z tr" C a) (2 sU S'f (conoeo) Interoffice Communication To Jim Hall Ht^VD may q ^ From Mary Ann Fisher Date April 27, 1982 Subject GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANTS You have asked whether there is anything in recent case law which would warrant revising the 1979 guidelines regarding employment in chemical plants. Prior to adopting these guidelines, it was Chemicals' policy to preclude females of childbearing age from the plants to protect them from potential exposure to teratogenic substances. In an attempt to balance those risks against the employment rights of women, Chemicals adopted the existing guidelines. There are two recent decisions which involve the issue of employment rights versus reproductive hazards.* However, both of these cases are on appeal. In Secretary of Labor vs. American Cyanamid Company et al. (OSHRC Docket No. 79-5762, April 28, 1981) the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission affirmed the administrative law judge's decision vacating a citation issued against American Cyanamid (American) alleging that it violated the General Duty Clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) by adopting a fetus protection policy which required women employees to be sterilized in order to be eligible to work in those areas of the plant where they would be exposed to certain toxic substances. American's policy, implemented at its pigments manufacturing plant, excluded women from the ages of 16 through 50 from production jobs in the lead pigments department unless they could prove that they had been surgically sterilized. As a Additionally, since Chemicals announced this policy, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) jointly issued proposed interpretive guidelines on employment discrimination and reproductive hazards, but eventually withdrew those guidelines on January 16, 1981, concluding that it would be more appropriate to evaluate this issue on a case by case basis. Jim Hall April 27, 1982 Page 3 Olin's policy-also provided for the downgrading of jobs from "restricted" to "controlled" to "unrestricted", whenever Olin was able to reduce levels of exposure in the different areas. The district court found that Olin did not violate Title VII and that the policy was instituted for sound medical and humane reasons rather than with the intent to discriminate against females. Although the final outcomes of the American and Olin cases are still unknown, it is my opinion that they will be affirmed by the Courts of Appeals and there will then be precedent for establishing a policy of restricting employment of females in areas where there are known teratogenic risks. In evaluating our current employment guidelines, you will want to consider such things as: the existence of any teratogenic risks to females working in the plants? if there are such risks, whether the jobs in the plants can be categorized according to exposure level so that women could be excluded from some, but not from all, jobs? if pregnant women are excluded from some jobs, whether it would be possible to transfer a female who becomes pregnant to another location. I will keep you informed as I learn of any developments in these and any other cases in point. Mary ^(nn Fisher Attorney cc: D- Ehrlich M. Malloy AL 00004 James J. Hall Cconoco) RECEIVED may 1 71982 Donald L Norwood ii'-'i 00004588 Jim Hall April 27, 1982 Page 2 result of the policy, five women underwent surgical steri lization. The Administrative Law Judge held that OSHA's General Duty Clause does not apply to American's fetus protection policy because it is not a "hazard" within the meaning of the Clause. The Commission held further that if American could be held legally accountable for requiring the sterilization as a "condition of employment", the appropriate recourse would be through a tort action, through an unfair labor practice action under the National Labor Relations Act, or through an action under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act for sex-based discrimination. OSHA and OCAW are now going through technical legal mechanations trying to appeal this decision to the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals. It remains to be seen whether the Complainants will file an action under Title VII or the NLRA. The only other case which has specifically considered the issue of employment rights versus reproductive hazards. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission vs. The Qlin Corporation et al, (4th Cir. Nos. 81-1129, 81-1230) Ts also on appeal, to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. At issue in that case is whether Olin's fetal vulnerability policy discriminates against women in employment on the basis of sex in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. In the case in the lower court, the parties stipulated that Olin had a policy under which women of childbearing capability were not allowed to occupy certain job classifications at its paper manufacturing facility because of possible harmful effects of certain chemicals upon the unborn fetus. Under this policy, all of the jobs were classified as restricted, controlled, or unrestricted. Women of childbearing capability were excluded from certain restricted jobs in areas where there was exposure to known or suspected abortifacient or teratogenic agents such as lead, carbon disulfide and several solvents. Controlled jobs were those where under normal circumstances exposure to such substances would not exceed 50% of the current OSHA Threshold Limit Value for those agents. Non-pregnant females were permitted to work in controlled areas after receiving counseling, with the understanding that they would notify their supervisor if they became pregnant. The policy provided further that pregnant females who were moved from controlled jobs would have their seniority protected. Other jobs classified as unrestricted were those in areas where exposure to chemicals and physical agents did not constitute a hazard to the unborn fetus. * Cconoco) Interoffice Communication To File DRAFT From J. J. Hall Date May 12, 1982 Subject GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANTS We have reviewed Conoco Chemicals' policy with respect to employment of females and teratogenic risks in light of recent legal developments and the merger with du Pont. The decision has been made to make no changes at this time. Legal There have been two recent decisions involving this issue (see attached memo) but both of these cases have been appealed so are not final. V There are a number of Conoco policies which will need to be reviewed when the effects of the merger are clear. It doesn't seem appropriate or necessary to act at this point. J. J. Hall 000045887 J Interoffice Communication To From Jim Hall Mary Ann Fisher '-t/V'fO hay q 3 *, April 27, 1982 Subject GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANTS You have asked whether there is anything in recent case law which would warrant revising the 1979 guidelines regarding employment in chemical plants. Prior to adopting these guidelines, it was Chemicals' policy to preclude females of childbearing age from the plants to protect them from potential exposure to teratogenic substances. In an attempt to balance those risks against the employment rights of women. Chemicals adopted the existing guidelines. There are two recent decisions which involve the issue of employment rights versus reproductive hazards.* However, both of these cases are on appeal. i In Secretary of Labor vs. American Cyanamid Company et al. (OSHRC Docket No. 79-57627 April 28, 1981) the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission affirmed the administrative law judge's decision vacating a citation issued against American Cyanamid (American) alleging that it violated the General Duty Clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) by adopting a fetus protection policy which required women employees to be sterilized in order to be eligible to work in those areas of the plant where they would be exposed to certain toxic substances. American's policy, implemented at its pigments manufacturing plant, excluded women from the ages of 16 through 50 from production jobs in the lead pigments department unless they could prove that they had been surgically sterilized. As a ^Additionally, since Chemicals announced this policy, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) jointly issued proposed interpretive guidelines on employment discrimination and reproductive hazards, but eventually withdrew those guidelines on January 16, 1981, concluding that it would be more appropriate to evaluate this issue on a case by case basis. 4 Jim Hall April 27, 1982 Page 2 result of the policy, five women underwent surgical steri lization. The Administrative Law Judge held that OSHA's General Duty Clause does not apply to American's fetus protection policy because it is not a "hazard" within the meaning of the Clause. The Commission held further that if American could be held legally accountable for requiring the sterilization as a "condition of employment", the appropriate recourse would be through a tort action, through an unfair labor practice action under the National Labor Relations Act, or through an action under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act for sex-based discrimination. OSHA and OCAW are now going through technical legal mechanations trying to appeal this decision to the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals. It remains to be seen whether the Complainants will file an action under Title VII or the NLRA. The only other case which has specifically considered the issue of employment rights versus reproductive hazards, ^ Equal Employment Opportunity Commission vs. The Olin 4 Corporation et al. (4th Cir. Nos. 81-1129, 81-1230) is also on appeal, to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. At issue in that case is whether Olin's fetal vulnerability policy discriminates against women in employment on the basis of sex in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. In the case in the lower court, the parties stipulated that Olin had a policy under which women of childbearing capability were not allowed to occupy certain job classifications at its paper manufacturing facility because of possible harmful effects of certain chemicals upon the unborn fetus. Under this policy, all of the jobs were classified as restricted, controlled, or unrestricted. Women of childbearing capability were excluded from certain restricted jobs in areas where there was exposure to known or suspected abortifacient or teratogenic agents such as lead, carbon disulfide and several solvents. Controlled jobs were those where under normal circumstances exposure to such substances would not exceed 50% of the current OSHA Threshold Limit Value for those agents. Non-pregnant females were permitted to work in controlled areas after receiving counseling, with the understanding that they would notify their supervisor if they became pregnant. The policy provided further that pregnant females who were moved from controlled jobs would have their seniority protected. Other jobs classified as unrestricted were those in areas where exposure to chemicals and physical agents did not constitute a hazard to the unborn fetus. SAL 000045389 Jim Hall April 27, 1982 Page 3 Olin's policy- also provided for the downgrading of jobs from "restricted" to "controlled" to "unrestricted", whenever Olin was able to reduce levels of exposure in the different areas. The district court found that Olin did not violate Title VII and that the policy was instituted for sound medical and humane reasons rather than with the intent to discriminate against females. Although the final outcomes of the American and Olin cases are still unknown, it is my opinion that they will be affirmed by the Courts of Appeals and there will then be precedent for establishing a policy of restricting employment of females in areas where there are known teratogenic risks. In evaluating our current employment guidelines, you will want to consider such things as: the existence of any teratogenic risks to females working in the plants; if there are such risks, whether the jobs in the plants can be categorized according to exposure level so that women could be excluded from some, but not from all, jobs; if pregnant women are excluded from some jobs, whether it would be possible to transfer a female who becomes pregnant to another location. I will keep you informed as I learn of any developments in these and any other cases in point. Mary Ann Fisher Attorney cc: ''>. D. Ehrlich -M. Malloy Monitoring the Fertility of Workers By Means of a Brief Questionnaire Richard J. Levine Department of Epidemiology In 1977, workers at a California pesticide plant noticed that although many wanted children, few were succeeding in having them. This observation soon afterward led to an epidemiologic study based on laboratory determinations of sperm con centration. The existence of male infertility was confirmed and related to occupa tional exposure to dibromochloropropane (DBCP). Since workers do not readily volunteer for semen studies, such epidemiologic investigations can be performed only after a great deal of concern has arisen. Even then, adequate participation can not be assured. A major problem is the identification of a suitable control population. The participation rate of unexposed plant employees desired as controls is usually much lower than that of exposed employees. Volunteer con trols, therefore, are less likely to be representative of potential controls than exposed volunteers are of exposed employees. Should exposed volunteers be found to have a lower sperm concen tration than volunteer controls, one may be hard pressed to decide whether it is the exposed group that has an abnor mally low sperm concentration or the control vol unteers whose sperm concen tration is unusually high and not typical oftheentire potential control population. The distribution of sperm counts among U.S. males in general is known only for persons appearing at fertility clinics, those desiring vasectomies, or those whose wives have attended certain pre-natal care clinics. The first group is likely to be less fertile than the general population, whereas the others are pro bably more fertile. The Questionnaire These problems are avoided by the use of a questionnaire-based method developed by the Department of Epide miology at CUT. The method, which has proven highly acceptable to workers, utilizes the reproductive experience of wives of male employees as a surrogate measure of male fertility. The following information about the women is obtained: race (race of employee is an adequate substitute), dates of birth, dates of birth of all livebom children, and dates of marriage, permanent separation, and widowhood. Appropriate U.S. national birth probabilities are used to determine the number of children each woman would be expected to have. The ratio of the actual number of children to the expected number or "standardized ferti lity ratio" (SFR) for all such women is computed for periods at risk from ex posure or not and compared. SFRs of subgroups with different exposure histo ries may be examined to test for the Daniel DalCorao, Epidemiology De partment, administers fertility question naire to a chemical plant employee. existence of a dose-response relation ship. Demonstration of such a relation ship or of a statistically significant difference in fertility between periods at risk from exposu re or not is evidence for ages. What follows, therefore, is based largely upon the experience of current or last wives of 31 male employees. Reproductive Experience a possible occupational fertility effect. Observed and expected births for In order to test its validity the method different portions of the reproductive was applied to the experience of workers experienceof these women are displayed at the above-mentioned pesticide plant. in Table 1. Each row represents the A thorough medical evaluation of all cumulative reproductive experience to employees had been conducted during January 1 of the indicated year or until the summer of 1977. The information the dates of medical evaluation in mid- needed for the method was obtained 1977. SFRs for non-exposure periods from records of examinations of the 36 are consistently greater than those during male employees. Three of these had employment at risk from exposure. Al never married and were not included in though these differences are statistically the study. Most of the reproductive ex significant (psO.OS) in 1974, 1976, and perience of the wives of two others had 1977, differences of borderline signifi to be excluded from analysis because of cance are evident as far back as 1970. incomplete recording of their childrens________________(cont on page 41 QUESTIONNAIRE (MALE EMPLOYEES) RACE: White 1 Non-White 2 1. Are you presently married, widowed, divorced, separated, or have you never been married? Married 1 Widowed 2 Divorced 3 Separated 4 Never Married 5 If never married: Skip to Q14. If presently married and not separated: 2. Is your wife currently employed full-time? Yea 1 No 2 3. How many times have you been married? Now I would like to ask you some questionsabout your (prsssnt/last/sx-) wife: 4. When was she born? Mo Day Year 5. When were you and she married? Mo Day It presently married and not separated: Skip to Q7. Year 6. When did vou become widowed/ permanently separated from her?' Mo Day Year (cont on page 5) ,, *\ oOOG^07 B:>L 3 Questionnaire (from page 3) Estimates of the change in fertility with exposure are given by the ratio of SFRs during and in the absence of exposure. These range from 0.40 to 0.20, indicating a reduction in fertility of 60 to 60% during the period of exposure. The reduc tion in fertility is still apparent after restricting analysis to non-surgically sterilized experience, and it borders on statistical significance. To limit analysis in such a manner, however, diminishes the reproductive experience available for examination and introduces a source of confounding error. Couples at high risk of occupationally induced infertility were defined as those who previously had produced children, but who had had none during the period at risk from exposure, despite a 50% or greater expectation of having had a child. The probability of having had a child during the exposure period was obtained from the product of the ap propriate U.S. national birth probability and the group SFR for experience prior to employment at the plant. In Table 2, couples at high risk of occupationally induced infertility are listed by employee. Probabilities of having had a child are recorded by year whenever these equal or exceed 0.50. Results of semen analyses conducted in mid-1977 and dates of surgical ster ilization of either marital partner are noted. One employee (G) who had a normal sperm count (normospermic) in mid-1977 is listed as of January 1 ol that year. Within the next six months, however, his wife gave birth to a child, and they no longer fulfilled the criteria for high risk of occupationally induced infertility. The other six employees were found at medical evaluation to be azoospermic (without sperm), oligospermic (low sperm count), or infertile due to surgical sterilization of them selves or their spouses. Several persons are noted to be at high risk of occupationally induced in fertility long before they were discovered to have iow9perm counts. Reproductive damage in such individuals, it seems, may have existed for years. Employee D, who was azoospermic, appears in the table almost four years prior to his wife's hysterectomy. Employees A and B, also azoospermic. are noted to be at high risk of occupationally induced infertility in January 1970, when the difference be tween group reproductive experience in exposure and non-exposure periods first approaches statistical significance. 4 Date Table 1. -- Fertility of Male Workers Exposed to Olbromochloropropane.* Non-Employmentt ft Non-Exposure Areaf NX - X, O/E SFR Exposure Araa X, O/E SFR p-value (one-tailed teet) NX + X, X, Mid-1977 Jan 1977 Jan 1976 Jan 1975 Jan 1974 Jan 1973 Jan 1972 Jan 1971 Jan 1970 Jan 1969 63/33.5 63/33.0 58/32.3 56/31.4 52/30.4 46/29.2 45/28.0 44/26.6 44/24.6 39/23.6 1.68 1.91 1.80 1.78 1.71 1.64 1.61 1.65 1.77 1.64 4/5.3 3/4.9 2/4.1 2/3.4 1/3.0 1/2.7 1/2.4 1/1.9 0/1.5 0/0.9 0.75 0.62 0.48 0.56 0.33 0.37 0.42 0.52 0 0 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.18 0.08 0.23 * Each row represents the cumulative reproductive experience to the indicated date. Numbers were computed to tour decimal places, then rounded, t Not related to the factory. t Related to the areas of the factory other than the pesticide plant. Related to the pesticide plant. O/E -- Observed/expected births SFR -- Standardized fertility ratio Table 2. -- Male DBCP Worker* at High Risk of Occupationally Induced Infertility Dete Mid-1977 Jan 1977 Jan 1976 Jan 1975 Jan 1974 Jan 1973 Jan 1972 Jan 1971 Jan 1970 Jan 1969 Jan 1968 Jan 1967 Jan 1966 Probability ot Having Had a Child Azoospermic (7/77J Azooapermtc Ollgospermtc (7/77) (7/77) Normoepennic (8/77) Hysterectomy Vasectomy (12/75) (7/87) EMPLOYEE A B CO EF O 1.03 1.03 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.95 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.80 0.75 0.68 0.58 1.62 1.59 1.50 1.43 1.29 1.18 1.00 0.80 0.53 -- -- -- -- 0.55 0.54 0.52 0.50 -- -- -- -- -- _ -- -- -- 0.70 0.70 0.68 0.66 0.61 0.58 0.52 -- -- _ -- -- -- 0.56 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.88 0.B6 0.82 0.79 0.73 0.66 0.60 0.51 -- -- -- -- -- _ 0.65 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- _ -- -- -- In summary, a method has been devel oped for monitoring industrial workers exposed to environmental agents which may impair fertility, information is col lected primarily through use of a ques tionnaire which takes less than three minutes to complete. The analytic tech niques have been validated by applying the method to a group of men whose fertility was known to be compromised as the result of exposure to DBCP at a pesticide plant. The technique has been demonstrated to be capable of having detected occupationally induced fertility among these men years before the actual discovery date. (Dr. Levine earned his M.D. degree at St. Louis University, an M.S. from Cal Tech, and an M.P.H. from Harvard. Before joining CUT In 1977, he waa Senior Medical Scientist at the Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Stanford Research Institute.) References Levine, R. J., Symons, M. J., Balogh, S. A., Arndt, D. M.. Kaswendik, N. T., and Gentile, J. W. (1960). A method for monitoring the fertility of workers: 1. Method and pilot studies. J. Occup. Med. 22,781-791. Levine, R. J., Symons, M. J., Balogh, S. A., Milby, T. H., and Whorton, M. D. (1981). A method for monitoring the fertility of workers: 2. Validation of the method among workers exposed to dibromochloropropane. J. Occup. Med. 23, 183-188. Levine, R. J. (1981). Some questir concerning "A method for monitor*, the fertility of workers," J. Occup. Med. 23, 324-325. . .-.aOA' ICIITlA* Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology Vol. 2, No. 6 Computer Applications Adapt To Changing Needs of CUT CUT'S computer system has grown from a system intended primarily lor acquisition and management of toxi cology study data to a comprehensive information processing system for the Institute. In the two years since theVAX11/780 computer was installed at CUT, applications of the computer have ex panded to support almost every activity at CUT. A majority of the CUT staff have become computer-literate in this period as they have discovered that the com puter is a relatively easy to use tool for improving individual productivity. CUT itself may be viewed abstractly as an information processing system. Input to the system consists of the body of toxicology knowledge present in the published literature. Selective proc essing of this input information con tributes to the selection of priority chemicals to be studied at CUT and to development of the research program at CUT. The research activities of the Progress in Testing Carbon Disulfide. Animals were sacri ficed during the first two weeks of May for this 90-day inhalation toxicity study in rats and mice, conducted for CUT by ToxiGenics, Inc. A report is in prep aration. Chlorine. A 24-month inhalation tox icity study of Fischer-344 rats and rhesus monkeys exposed to chlorine is proceed ing at IRDC as scheduled. The sixmonth sacrifice was completed April 28. Dimethylamine. A six-month interim status report for this in-house 24-month (cont on page 6) Institute then generate new knowledge and information in the field of toxi cology. The output from this system consists of the research papers and study reports published by CUT. Of course, the principal processing element for this abstract machine is the scientific staff of CUT, but the physical engine which facilitates this complex and voluminous flow of information is the computer system. The descriptions of computer applications which follow serve to illustrate the correspondence between flow of information through the computer and flow of information through the institute. Information Services Information input to CUT is managed primarily by the Research Information Services Computer System (RISCS). The RISCS system contains publication refer ence information, including title of arti cle. names of authors, publication source, date of publication, and keyword data fields. Records may be retrieved from this file using the DATATRIEVE query language which facilitates searches using various combinations of data fields in the reference records. The RISCS file now contains over 18.000 references of relevance to the work of Cl IT. The RISCS system is used to compile bibliographies for CUT'S Current Status Reports on priority chemicals. The system is also used by the Information Services group to track documents such as CUT publi cations, government documents and book collections, and publicationsavailabie in-house and through interlibrary loan. Testing and Research Program New information generated internally by the research activities of CUT enters the computer system through a variety of computer programs. Toxicology study Jim Gerard (seated). Assorts Sci entist-Systems Analyst, and ToirtAdams, Research Assistant-Computer Program mer, advise CUT staff on computer applications. data is managed using the PATH/TOX System, a collection of protocol-driven data acquisition and reporting programs. Prior to the start of all studies at CUT, study protocols are entered into the computer system and approved by the study director. During a tudy all in-iife data such as body weight,'tttnical signs, food consumption, or inhalation chamber data is entered into the computer accord ing to the schedule specified in the protocof. At scheduled sacrifice dates the computer accepts terminal body weights, organ weights, gross patho logical observations, and clinical chemistryand hematology data. The PATH/TOX system also facilitates the entry of histopathology findings during micro scopic sjide examinations. Data acquisition for toxicology studies is automated where possible to reduce data transcription errors and to ensure data integrity. All balances used for body and organ weighing transmit data directly to the computer, and clinical chemistry and hematology instruments (cont on page 5) GAL 000045893 ACTIVITIES is published monthly by the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. All correspondence should be directed to Ms. Willanna Griffin. Information Services. Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. P.O. Box 12137, Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27709. Telephone 1919) 541-2070. Robert A. Neal, Ph.D., President James E. Gibson, Ph.D.. Vice President and Director of Research Donald A. Hart, Ed.D.. Vice President --Administration and Secretary In the field of toxicology, the full and true significance of research observations can only be assessed when the work has been completed or at least when it has reached a stage at which the findings can be analyzed and interpreted. Any attempt to draw premature conclusions is likely to be misleading, and hence, is strongly discouraged. CUT is fully committed to publish or otherwise make public all Us research results when they have been properly evaluated. CUT Supporting Companies Air Products and Chemicals, inc. Allied Corporation Amoco Chemicals Corporation ARCO Chemical Company Bristol-Myers Company Celanese Corporation Conoco Chemicals Company la division of Conoco. Inc.) Diamond Shamrock Corporation The Dow Chemical Company E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.. Inc. Eastman Kodak Company Ethyl Corporation Exxon Chemical Company GAP Corporation W. R. Grace & Co. Gulf Oil Chemicals Company Hooker Chemicals and Plastics Corporation ICI Americas Inc. Mobil Research and Development Corporation Monsanto Company National Distillers and Chemical Corporation Divisions, U-S. Industrial Chemicals Co. and Emery Industries, Inc. Northern Petrochemical Company 01 in Corporation Phillips Chemical Company Polysar Incorporated PPG Industries, Inc. Rohm and Haas Company Shell Chemical Company fa division of Shell Oil Company) The Standard Oil Company fOhio) Stauffer Chemical Company Tenneco Chemicals. Inc. Texaco Inc. Union Carbide Corporation Velsicoi Chemical Corporation Contributor The Lubrizol Corporation 2 Staff Publications Boreiko, C. J., Couch, 0. B., and Swenberg, J. A. (1982). Mutagenic ana carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde, in: Genotoxic Effects of Airborne Agents, R. R. Tice, O. L. Costa, and K. M. Schaich, eds. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York. 353-367. DuFrain, R. J.. Littlefield, L. G., Wilmer, J. L.,and Frome, E. L. (1982). Evaluation of chemically induced cytogenetic lesions in rabbit oocytes. II. A comparison of streptonigrin effects on somatic and germ cells. Mufaf. Res. 94; 103-114. Irons, R. D. (1982). Benzene: Toxicology update. J. Appi. Toxicol. 2, pp. 57-58. Irons. R. D., Greenlee, W. F,, Wierda. D.. and Bus. J. S. (1982). Relationship between benzene metabolism and toxicity: A proposed mechanism for the formation of reactive intermediates from polyphenol metabolites. In: Biological Reactive Intermedates II, Pt. A. Robert Snyder, ef at., eds. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 229-243. Irons. R. D., and Pfeifer. R. W. (1982). Benzene metabolites: Evidence for an epigenetic mechanism of toxicity. In: Genotoxic Effects of Airborne Agents, R. R. Tice, D. L. Costa, and K. M. Schaich, eds. Plenum Publishing Corporation. New York. 241-256. Abstracts Boreiko, C. J.. Abernethy. D. J., and Frazelle. J. H. (1982). Detection of carcinogens which initiate the process of C3H/10TV$ cell transformation. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 23, 73. Graichen, M. E., and Dent, J. G. (1982). The role of metabolism in 2-acetylaminofluorene(AAF) dependent elevation of hepatic epoxidehydroiase(EH)activity. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 23, 83. Leonard, T. B., Lyght, O., and Popp, J. A. (1982). Structure-specific dinitrotoluene (DNT) promotion of initiated hepatocytes. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 23,i(V Presentations Dean, J. H. "Immunotoxicology," Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Ml, May 5,1982. Dean, J. H. "The Effect of Chemicals of Environmental Concern on Immune Function," Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State Uni versity, East Lansing, Ml, May 8, 1982. Gibson, J. E. "Update on CUT Research of Interest to the Plastics Industry," The Society of the Plastics Industry, Washington, D.C., April 20,1982. Gibson, J.E. "Teratology," Mid-America Toxicology Course. University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS. April 26. 1982 Gibson, J. E. "Formaldehyde: Research and Testing Program of the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology," Formaldehyde: The Facts (Conference), Park Plaza Hotel, Toronto, Canada, May 3,1982. Gibson, J. E. "New Directions in Risk Assessment." Banquet Speaker, Principles and Practices of Industrial Toxicology, Wayne State University, Ann Arbor, Ml, May 6,1982. Gibson, J. E. "Teratogenesis," Principles and Practices of Industrial Toxicology, Wayne State University, Ann Arbor, Ml, May 7, 1982. Hart, D. A. "An Overview of Hazardous Waste Disposal Regulations for Research Facilities." Society of Research Administrators, Joint Midwest-Southern Sectional Meeting, Atlanta, GA, April 23,1982. Irons, R. D. "Benzene-induced Immunotoxicity: The Lymphocyte as a Tool for Studying Subcellular Mechanisms of Toxicity," University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, April 23,1982. Kligerman, A. D., Erexson, G. L., and Wilmer, J. L. "Rodent Lymphocyte Culture Systems for Analyzing Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE)," American-Swer Workshop on Individual Susceptibility to Genotoxic Agents in the Human Popu. (corn on page 6) i i.) U r. "^ ^^94 Questionnaire (from page 3) 7. How many times has your (present/last/ex-) wife been married?______ 1. Skip to Q12. 2+. GotoQS. 8. When was she first married? ------------Mo ------------Day ------------Year 9. When did she become widowed or permanently separated from her first husband? _____ . Mo Year If married only twice: Skip to Q12. 10- When was she married for the second time? ________ ________ Mo Year 11. When did she become widowed or permanently separated from her second husband? ------------Mo ------------Year 12. How many babies has your (present/last/ex-) wife ever had, not counting miscarriages, stillbirths, stepchildren or adopted children? No. if none: Skip to Q14. 13. Now I would like to know the birth dates and sex of all her children, beginning with the oldest. (Ask about as many children as were indicated In Q12.) Was the first child a boy or a girl? When was he/she born? ________ ________ Male 1 Female 2 Mo Day Year 14. What is the highest grade of school you completed? Elem: 01-08 H.S.: 09-12 College: 13-16 (Intervlew ends for never married persons) Grad: 17- 15. What is the highest grade of school your (present/last/ex-) wife completed? Elem: 01-08 H.S.: 09-12 College: 13-16 Grad: 17- (Intervtew ends for persons married once/twice) Computer (from page 1) are interfaced directly to the computer as well. Many of the research activities at CUT do not require the rigid protocol-driven data acquisition enforced by the PATH/ TOX system, but benefit nonetheless from the reliability and efficiency of instru mentation interfaced directly to the com puter system. Instruments in this cate gory include a grain counter, an image digitizer, a ceil sorter, and several scin tillation counters -- all of which transmit data to the computer system for analysis and storage. Furthermore, many research activities require flexibility in statistical analysis which is not provided by the predetermined statistical reports of the protocol driven system. To fill this need CUT has installed the RS/1 Research System on the computer. RS/1 allows tabular entry of data into the computer such as one would enter into a laboratory notebook. A variety of statistical tools and graphic plotting options are then available to the user for analysis and display of the research data. Text Processing SinceCIIT presents its research results to the public in a variety of formats, it has become evident that the computer system must provide output in modes other than the standard computer printout. As users of the computer become adept at using the system for analyzing data, they soon find that they can also use the computer to manipulate text. Thus it is possible to use the computer to produce an entire research paper or study report, in order to make text processing practical on the Dr. Robert A. Neal (right) carries on an active research program in addition to hit extensive duties as president ol CUT. He Is shown discussing a project with Postdoctoral Fellow Dr. Tadathl Sawshata. Dr. Neal's particular area of interest Is the study of chemical and biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, with special emphasis on chlorinated aro matic and aliphatic compounds and those containing thlono-aulfur. A native of Casper, Wyoming, Dr. Neal earned his B.S. In chemistry at the University of Denver and his Ph.D. in biochemistry at Vanderbilt University (1963), where he roes to Proteesor of Biochemistry and Director of the Center in Environmental Toxicology at the Vanderbilt School of Medicine. He was named president of CUT In February, 1981. Dr. Sawahata, a native of Japan, earned hie Ph.D. at tha Tokyo College of Pharmacy. computer system, the word processing system at CUT has been interfaced to the VAX 11/780. It is now possible to obtain letter quality or publication quality output using these merged systems. In addition to papers and reports, CUT research results are often presented in poster format at scientific meetings. Since the digital graph plotter attached to the computer is often used to create graphs for these posters, it was a natural extension to provide the capability of printing text on the plotter as well. Administrative Support It has been shown up to this point how the computer system closely parallels the research activities at CUT. The com puter system has also been utilized to (cont on page 6) 5 i t. 0 0 0 0 4ti 9 c:j Presentations (from page 2) Hon, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, May 10-12,1962. Neal, R.A. "TheChemical Industry Insitute of Toxicology (CUT) -- Its Organization and Activities," Annual Meeting, tntemation Institute of Synthetic Rubber Producers, New Orleans, LA, April 27,1982. Neal, R. A. "Critical Issues in Toxicology. Contributions of the Chemical industry Institute of Toxicology," Banquet Speaker, Short Course Program, Chemistry Department, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, April 23, 1982. Neal. R. A. 'Absorption, Excretion, and Metabolism of TCDD in Experimental Animals," Seminar Presentation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, April 28, 1982. Neal, R. A. "2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): Toxicity. Structure Activity and Metabolism." Environmental Pathology Seminar cosponsored by the Cancer Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. May 5, 1982. Neal, R. A. "2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Toxicity. Structure Activity and Metabolism." Seminar Presentation, Department of Pathology, Northwestern Uni versity, Chicago, IL, May 7,1982. Parker. G. D. "Incineration of Hazardous and Low-Level Radioactive Wastes," Society of Research Administrators, Joint Midwest-Southern Sectional Meeting. Atlanta, GA, April 23,1982. Popp, J. A., and Leonard, T. B. "Role of Dinitrotoluene Isomers in the Develop ment of Rat Liver Neoplasms," Rodent Liver Nodules -- Significance to Human Cancer Risk?, Internationa!Symposium of the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists, Reston, VA, May 11,1982. Swenberg, J. A. "Cell Specific EffectsrApplicationof NewFiuorometric Techni ques to Detect DNA Adducts," Banbury Conference on indicators of Genotoxic Exposure in Man end Animais, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, April 20.1982. Swenberg, J. A. "DNA Damage, Repair and Replication in Hepatocarcinogenesis," Brookhaven National Laboratories, Upton, NY. April 22, 1982. Swenberg, J. A. "Cell and Organ Specificity in DNA Damage and Repair," American-Swedish Workshop on individual Susceptibility to Genotoxic Agents in the Human Population, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, May 11,1962. Seminars Dr. Jane Chang, Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. "Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance Development Following Inhalation Exposure to Chlorine or Formaldehyde," April 22.1982. Ms. Bonnie L. Baranyi, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Ml. "The Binding of Hepatocarcinogens to Specific Regions of Chromatin DNA Oerived from Rat Hepatocytes and Nonparenchymai Cells," April 27,1982. Dr. Robert Langenbach, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC. "Cell Mediated Mutagenesis Using Salmonella Typhimurium and Chinese Hamster V-79 Cells," May 6.1982. Mr. Randall E. Miller, Department of Pharmacology, Center in Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. "Metabolism of Trichloroethylene by Isolated Hepatocytes, Liver Microsomes and* Purified Cytochrome P-450: Evidence for Rearrangement Within a Pre-Epoxide Intermediate," May 7,1982. Ms. Rosemarie Osborne, Laboratory of Toxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. "Actions of Phorbol Esters on Peptide Hormone Bindings in Rat Pituitary Cells," May 10,1982. Dr. James Halpert, Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Sweden. "Suicide Inactivation of Cytochrome P-450 by Chloramphenicol." May 11, 1982. Dr. Nobuyuki Ito, Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University --Medical School, Nagoya, Japan. "Analysis of Modifying Factors of Tumor InitiationPromotion in Hepatocarcinogenesis in the Rat," May 13,1982- 6 Progress In Testing (from page 1) inhalation toxicity study of dimethylamine in rats and mice continuer preparation. Animais are entering t. fourteenth month of exposure. Dinitrotoluene. The final report for this 24-month dietary toxicity study In Fischer-344 rats is undergoing editorial revision. Ethylene and Toluene. The Institute's completed 24-month inhalation toxicity studies of ethylene and toluene in albino rats have been audited by Tracor Jitco, Inc. The audit report is available from CUT Information Services. n-Hexane. The final report for a 90day inhalation toxicity study of n-hexane in albino rats may be obtained from CUT Information Services. Hydrogen Sulfide. A final report for this 90-day inhalation toxicity study in rats and mice, performed for CUT by ToxiGenics, Inc., is in preparation. Maleic Anhydride and Terephthalic Acid. The 18-month interim status report for a maleic anhydride 24-month dietary toxicity study is nearing completion. Final reports for both the maleic anhy dride study and a similar study of tereph thalic acid are expected to be completed by early fall. Methyl Chloride. A reproduction fertility study in Fischer-344 rats expose to methyl chloride by inhalation con tinues according to protocol in the CUT laboratories. Nitrobenzene. Termination of animal exposures for this 90-day inhalation tox icity study in rats and mice is scheduled for late June. Computer (from pages) lend support to the administrative acti vities of the Institute. The Accounting Office also uses computer software to assist in managing accounts payable and financial reporting functions. The Quality Assurance Officer and Research and Radiation Safety Officer now use the computer to assist in the record keeping functions of these activities. Although the computer system is now used in some way by most activities at CUT, development of the system cannot be considered complete. There are ad ditional areas of the CUT laboratory which will benefit from automation, and the computer system must always be abl& to adapt to the changing needs of the Institute. The Computer Science Department strives to ensure that t** diverse collection of computing t< available at CUT remains well integrate and easily accessible to its users. (conoco) Interoffice Communication To From J. J. Hall Donald L. Norwood Date January 4, 1982 Subject GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANTS Please refer to your letter dated December 28th to the Legal Department requesting a review of the subject guidelines. I am not sure at this time that all Conoco guidelines must be consistent with Du Pont guidelines. In any case, I would like for Gary Thomas of my office to be involved and included in any discussion and review of these guidelines. nng c c: REL-RDG-GDT-DAK-MAF-MM .it... t (conoco) Interoffice Communication to Michele Malloy, Mary Anne Fischer From 0. Hall oste December 28, 1981 Subject GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANTS h s' The attached policy explains employment guidelines adopted by Chemicals in 1979. I feel it would be prudent to review this policy to: 1) ensure that it is consistent with the policies of our new parent company and 2) ensure that the policy still makes sense in light of recent court decisions. When you have had an opportunity to familarize yourselves with the policy iscuss our next step. cc R. E. L. D. L. N. D. A. K. w/o enclosures w/o enclosures w/o enclosures (conoco) WVH Interoffice Communication to Plant Managers From R. E. Lehrakuhl oat* October 31 , 1979 ^ subject Guidelines for Employment in Chemical Plants "ciiveo m 011979 Attached is a copy of my letter dated August 27 and a copy of Dr. Lembke's letter of October 17 in reply. If you have any questions concerning any part of the guidelines, please advise D. L. Norwood. Please implement these employment guidelines immediately. cc: R. W. Genvig - Stamford J. 0. Burns - Houston J. J. Hall - Houston D. L. Norwood - Houston D. C. Bartlett - Houston Flynt Kennedy - Ponca City. D. A. Kuhn - Houston i0^ J. E. Landers - Stamford R. L. Lembke, M. D. - Ponca City L. C. Reed - Houston S. E. Conly - Houston D. E. Nicholson - Houston T. D. Montgomery - Legal, Houston M. A. Fisher - Legal, Houston 0004!:.:` Interoffice Communication To R. E. Lehmkuhl - Houston From *tm Robert L. Lerabke, M.D. - Ponca City October 17, 1979 Subject GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANTS JCT1 9 1979 After receiving your interoffice communication on the above subject dated August 27, 1979> I read it carefully and then circulated it to the other physicians and industrial hygienists in the Medical Division for their information and for any comments which they might like to make regarding its contents. Just yesterday, the interoffice communi cation was returned to me because in the interim many of the physicians and industrial hygienists were away from the office on company business. All of us concur that the guidelines as set forth by you are appropriate and none of us disapprove of any statements which you have made. Robert L. Lembke, M.D. Medical Director jr cc: R. Wm Gervig, Stamford J. D. Burns, Houston D. A. Kuhn, Houston ''D. L. Norwood, Houston M. A. Fisher, Houston T. D. Montgomery, Houston Interoffice Communication To R. L. Lerabke, M.D., D. E. Nicholson From R* E. Lehmkuhl 0t August 27, 1979 Subjoet GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT IN CHEMICAL PLANTS RECEIVED AUG 2 9 1979 Donald L Nonfood Any comprehensive policy for employment of men and women In our chemical plants must be compatible with sometimes conflicting restraints. It must give workers ample protection from hazards in the workplace yet be non-dtscriminatory where there is no reason to employ one sex but not the other. The subject guidelines are believed to strike a balance that will satisfy both requirements even In plants where chemicals such as benzene or vinyl chloride are found. The policy is not without risk to employees or Conoco. Indeed, we cannot provide a "risk-free11 workplace for anyone. We believe, however, that the policy satlsfactorily balances the needs to provide ample employee protection, maintain equal opportunity and keep the risk of costly litigation for Conoco low. j|| Please review this program and determine if it represents an acceptable? course for Conoco Chemicals. POLICY (1) Maintain the workplace In compliance or better with pertinent QSHA standards. Where OSHA standards do not exist, abide by industry consensus standards. When neither of these exist, establish Conoco standards, comply with them and exercise prudent control of all other chemicals. Explain in detail to each employee at the time of Initial hI re and on a regular basis thereafter: (a) What chemicals are present in the workplace and the safe practices for working near and handling these chemicals; (b) Whet Information we have about the potential carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and other health effects of any chemicals V In the workplace, the levels at which these effects have been known to occur and the fact that we maintain our exposures below these levels. ^ - (3) Assure that the safe practices are enforced. (k) Employ anyone capable of performing the job sat!sfactorily without regard to sex, race, age, or other non-performance standard. BENEFITS OF THESE GUIDELINES . cii o 0004159 0 :l / (l) , We maintain a workplace that amply protects the safety and health of everyone. . '^\r L. Lembke, M.D., 0. E. Nicholson ^ Page 2 ' August 27, 1573 (2) We have a policy that responds properly to the requirements of occupational safety and health as well as equal opportunity.' (3) We are able-to reach our goals of employing more women in our opera tions, especially female chemical engineers at entry level Jobs for future assignments in management. (4) We open up for our recruiting a larger resource base (women) where there are qualified candidates. Our success with this group may be better because other companies exclude them from consideration. RISKS If a claim is brought by a worker against the company for an alleged injury or-Illness when we are fully complying with OSHA, consensus or Conoco stand ards, It Is likely that we would be liable for workmen's compensation alone and would not be susceptible to a negligence suit. On the other hand, the developing fetus Is not a ''worker1' so presumably a malformed child could sue the company for putting him at an unacceptable risk in the workplace. Since there is no precedent for this kind of case, l cannot Imagine what the^out- ' cane would be. However, considering the number of women in our empIoyS the number who will get pregnant, the known percentage of birth defects asptfell as the probability of suit, and the burden on the plaintiff to establish a causal link between the malformation and the parent's exposure to chemicals, the likelihood or such a suit Is small. Further, while the risk of liability is not eliminated through this policy, our present-policy does not eliminate the risk of such a'suit on behalf of the deformed fetus as a result of the father's exposure to toxic chemicals. R. W. Gerwig J. 0. Bums D. A. Kuft* 0. L. Norwood M. A. Fisher T. D. Montgomery - Stamford - Houston - Houston - Houston - Legal, Houston - Legal, Houston ch;0O'3 39O2 DP PONT CANCER EXPERIENCE r Statm Past occupational expo sura (all P.S. industry) cause under 5% of total u.S. cancer. Du Pont employees and retirees have a lower cancer rate than the general public. Stringent controls in place for suspect carcinogens. Background * Major Known and Suspected Carcinogens- in Du Pont - Asbestos * asbestos-related medical cases have been identified among Du Pont employees and pensioners (see write-up ) - acrylonitrile -- Du Pont epidemiology study of workers at the Camden plant indicated a statistically significant higher risk of cancer. This analysis plus animal tests raise a serious suspicion that acrylonitrile might be a human carcinogen. - Seta-naphthylamine and benzidine. Started making 1918. Ceased manufacture and use between 195S andigl972. As at March 1982, ___employees developed bladdeafr tumors with [eaths resulting. ' uked by nihility : also coducts can be d in. *Fh'iW nuab^r hM not been released previously. Draft Environmental Quality Committee 3/5/82 y iiiCTilMiiTVft'r rfllf EMBRYTOXINS Status Du Pont makes or uses six chemicals shown to be embryotoxic in animal tests* Employees at sites which make or use these chemicals have been advised* Guidelines to protect employees have been in effect for several years. Background * Ose in Du Pont - C-3 (ammonium perfluoro octanoata)- A purchased surfactant* Study by supplier indicated a problem; 21 women, removed. Recent studies showed first study to be faulty; exclusion policy rescinded J/4/82. Ho adverse employee reaction. - Five others -- no women removed* - HPA (hexefluoroacetone) is one of the five, rt is the only substance in Du Pont where primary exposure levels are determined solely by effects on the male reproductive system* Policy *\ - The fetus is protected* first* by reducing potential exposure to safe levels where feasible; second* by personal, protective equipment if practical; and. finally* where the fetus cannot be adequately protected* by exclusion from certain job areas of those women who have childbearing potential. - pay protection - for women excluded from certain jab'*^. areas; |V* $ Du. Poan is concerned; handled individually; no problems to date.