Document MJr4mbrEajLwo09ZedZn8GVVa

HWBB-0B07736 nw n Lyif> Hstz Lett, M.D. 00 M >*r--P o, m;d; Indus1 Lyle Kaiiett. M.D. (file) | Digest zrts fliteiatuie Gbshacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends Cnbushial Health Tlews /Ui**d ItonUtly Hy INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH X3-. PA. 0011S0U3 PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT 11 IHF-152 HWBB-8007737 Industrial Hygiene Digest .iteiatuie Gbshacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL - - decisions and trends 3 Cvibu.st'iial fiealilt hews INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 131, PA. HliuBM aaem * FOUNDATION FACTS Foufttfition Facts U a monthly nw.|*ttei* issued to industrial concerns Holding membership in industrial H/gitn Foundation. Tho Foundation * non.profit association of industries for tho advancement of Hoalthfui working condition*. Vol. 6. February, 1944 (< * ii ji Report on. 5r.ployr,ent_of..Disg.b.lgd_Veter8.ns Sent to Members i i.: < K C The panel discussion, "Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Work," a highpoint of the Foundation's last annual meeting, lias just been published as Special Bulletin Ho. 2 ,.nd sent to member companies. Release of the bulletin received nation wide publicity in nov,..papers of Feb. 23. A limited number of extra copies of the re port arc available to members. As stated in the bulletin, members of tho panel va.il st-rve Foundation como..nic-s, end industry generally, as a source of practical informa tion and experience on the successful job-placement of veterans. Companies having Questions for the panel may submit them through the Foundation. Reports on your ex periences v.ill also be helpful tc other members. Says Dr. C.D. Selby, Medical Consul tant, General Motors Corporation, "wo want to keep this panel going until the rehabil itation J b is n-.nol" p M C d A C i w Excellent work on rehabilitation of veterans is being dona in some places on a community basis, notable- in Peoria, 111., through tho leadership of Dr, K. A. Von?.chon. Medical Eir..ctor, Caterpillar Tractor Co., and in Cleveland through the efforts ox' the bocioty for Crippled Children and the Junior Chamber of Commerce. Industrial Hygiene and Labor Relations A rcc.r.t list of 15 causes of labor turnover for which management is res ponsible, contained in a bulletin of the American Management Association, includes: No. 5, Ho. 6. Unhealthful working atmosphere--poor ventilation, inadequate lighting, etc. Ixr.devuate senitnry facilities. - jr* TRIAL HYGIElaNE'thDiIsGEScTo,nnreecptoiornts, cthoellafcirtisvte-nbeawrsgaitienminginntehgooFtiaotuionndastioinnv'os lvciunrgreanti,rliInNeDUS mechanics ca tho F>,,cii`ie Coast which produced a clause -whereby employers may require physical examinations of .employees. The agreement further states: lb) The company will use- its best efforts to 'meliorate such working conditions as are shown by these physical examin ations directly to have caused physical disability. Plant hygiene surveys and investigations, conducted by the Foundation, help companies detect .r.d control "such working conditions." Ninety per cent of all fires could be- extinguished wit:: a cup of water if caught in time! Nr.-3 Lri-fs -- Th-. Office of tho Rubber Director has just issued an interim report on studios ox' t-x-xicity of general purpose synthetic rubbers. This will bo ab stracted ir. the Four.u tier.'s next monthly DIGEST.... Dr. Y-.- b.Il rear. -- Intcrnatier.nl authority on tho physiology- of res piration and : uahor, - it'.. M.'... Haggard of "Noxious Gases," died recently. Trxuisi-.ti m ,f C-unxi article "Borylliuc Diseases of the Lung," by H.E. Moyer, nay be :bt !:...; through tho Fuundc.tif.ii r.t a nominal charge. 03118334 INDUSTRIAL WVOUN* rOUNOATlO** 4400 FIFTM AVtNUC WTTMW^UH tlS), PA. February, 1344 Vol. VIZI. No. 2. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. H08B-0007739 IMTUSTEIAL HYGIENE SIG3ST Literature and News News Items 0 110 Physical Examination Clause. A collective-targaining conference involving a large group of airline mechanics on the Pacific Coast produced a clause on physical examinations that has MB incorporated into a union agreement. The question of physical examination* for employees in unions has long been a controversial one at the conference An increasing number of union agreements contain clauses covering thin QMfttOfe This particular clause stipulates: (a! Thu company may, at least once a year, require any employee to pBat a physical examination, made at the company's expense, by a medical Milner uaployod for that purpose by the company. The medical examiner shall supply such information as the company may require and the company shall have the right to rely and act upon the opinion of such examiner. (b) The company will uso its best efforts to ameliorate such working 0Oiitions as are shown by these physical examinations directly to have eeuesd physical disutility. (c) Employees who have given long and faithful service and who have beam unable to follow their occupations to advantage shall be given prefersfec* of such light work in their line as they are able to handle. (d) No prospective employee shall be accepted for permanent employment, and no employee or former employee shall be accepted for reemployment, without passing a physical examination of similar purpose, similarly made, at the company? s expense, when requested by the company. -- Management Record, Jam* uary, 1944. 111 Oral Vaccines for Colds. .L.cunt coiAVunic-ctions to the offices :f the American Medical Association indicate that the prescription and sale cf cold vaccines is again taking place on a large scale. Tils, in the face of the recognized lack of scientific evidence tor the value of these prep rations, is indication of irresponsibility on the part of scruo manufacturers cf pharmaceuticals. The scientific evidenco against the value of oral cold vaccines is overwhelming; consequently individual physicians and firms who deal in pharmaceuticals and who lend themselves to wholesale uncontrol led distribution of such preparations are perpetrating an unwarranted commercial assault on the public pocketbcok. -- J.A.M.A., 124. 236 (January 22, 1944). 03118355 /? A a z?. <c Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 2 112 A Tractical Rehabilitation Plan. A*model veterans' rehabilitation plan has been put into effect by the Todd Shigg yirds Corporation, which already is employing more than 1,000 veterans of VrorlcP ft'ar II in its nine shipbuilding ana ship repair yards. As outlined by THE Col ll-'vL 0? COMMERCE, Todd's program is based on the conviction that;, with proper * plrcomdnt, training and adjustment, the physically handicapped ex-serviceman lie fully capable of resuming normal civilian activity. Of the veterans employed by the corporation, some wore released from tho services because of age, but others arc physically unfit, handicapped or psychoncurotic in varying degrees. A dis ability chart and questionnaire provides the management with a case history of tho physically handicapped veteran socking work. -- Personnel, 20, 201 (January, 1344). 112 A Tirioly r.os.-arch Study. New fork University, Division of General Education, Center for Safety Education in cooperation with tho Institute for Crippled And Disabled is sponsoring a re search study, conducted by Tobias 'Wagner, entitled "Work Efficiency and Aecidentprc.nor.-_sc of Physically Disabled honkers in Industry." The 3tudy is dosigned to formulate and establish efficiency standards with respect to tho ability and skill cf physically disabled persons to perform a variety of industrial Jobs. -- safety Eng,, 67, 50 (January, 1944). 114 Now Rehabilitation Program. The Federal Security Agency announces the establishment of an enlarged pmgram cf vocational rehabilitation of handier oped persons to be adBiairtatsA bp the office of Vocational Rehabilitation, with funds provided by the VMftiMli Re habilitation Amendments of i943. "The scope of services available to disabled persons m-v; and after tho war has boon broadened to include any service* necess ary t render them capable of engaging in remunerative employment or to render thee more advantageously employable. -- Industrial Hygiene Letter (U.S.F. H.S.) 4, 2-3 (J`_r.u:.ry, 1944). 115 Second Injury Funds. In an annual review of state labor legislation Secretary France* Perkin* said that increasing pressure to "conserve vital manpower" was behind the creation of second injury funds in six States to encourage the employment of handicapped workers by employers who otherwise r.u.gtt fear large compensation cost* if handi capped employees wer6 injured a second time, perhaps permanently and totally. Such funds should be encouraged, Miss Perkins said as the war woundod return to civilian jobs. Five States also provided occupational disease coverage. -- Labor Infoimation Bull., January, 1944. 116 Gas y.'amlng by Electric Eye. An ultraviolet photometer, developed by uuPont, warns against daagerou* concen trations.of injurious gases. Its operation is based on light absorption by iasos. Vihon a particular gas passes through the apparatus and the light (includ ing ultraviolet) is passed through a prism dark bands appear in a definite posi tion, and cn electric eye in one of theso bands gives the warning signal. Carbon disulfide can be detected to the extent of one part per million. The photemeter is more rapid and simple in operation than other types of gas analyzers, and per mits accurate socond-by-scccnd observation of the vapor levtl in each step of an -peration. The Mine Safety Appliance Company is planning to manufacture these instruments. 03118356 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 11? Fatal Case of Acute Cadmium Poisor.in.K. sa la an Indiana plant, one worker died within 4 days after a prolonged exposure to high concentrations of cadmium fumes. The deceased worker undertook a job <j 'flanging" two-inch cadmium plated stainless steel pipe. To produce a flange, aa the pipe was heated with a blow torch -until tne pipe became a cherry red, SooijjE after boginning the operation the employees complained about irritation of the nose and throat as well as the thick biud si..okc present in the -vorkurs' unviron- m:nt. V.'ithin 4 hours, two onplayees were violently ill and -were tucon heme. Vomiting, chest pains and shortness of breath vrere the chief symptoms at that time. The chest symptoms increased in one rorker and within 4 days this -worker died cf a sovere chest involvement. This case again emphasizes that cadmium is a v.ry toxic element 'rd that cadmium plated steels should net bo welded, hc_ted, brazed :r burned unless the job is wall controlled by 3 local exhaust. This death could have been prevented if someone responsible had remembered these fcct3. L.'.V. Ipclyar, in Monthly Bull. Indiana State Beard of Health, November, 1943. iiS Carbon Tctr-chloride ?:i3oring in Fgrnchuto Factory. The cause of illness among 135 employees in a Kentucky plant manufacturing para chutes was traced to carbon tetrachloride used for cleaning soiled spots on the chutes. Thu- outbreak of illness occurred during a period of 10 days, and was manifested by abdominel cramping, nausea and vomiting. Some Individuals complained of "bloating end difficulty in breathing." Many employees were Scutely ill and unable to continue work. The illness lasted from i to 5 days inEthe average case although o number of workers continued to feel bad after reeling work. It was significant that the first noted symptoms began coincidental with the beginning of heating, and consequent reduction of ventilation in an effort to conserve fuel. Cleaning of parachutes i3 now being done with slid sodp and water. -- Industrial Hy/rie-na News Letter (U.S.P.H.S.} 4, {January, 1944) 119 St itistics -- Vitamin Sales. St_tistics show thit in the past 15 years sales of vitamins have increased more __ than 64 times. In 1925 total retail sales were only 685,108. Two years later they had increased to raore than $2 million, and by 1939 the volume of business had jumped to more than 682 million. Although Government figures an not avail able for publication at this time owing to the war, information from private sources recently estimated sales in 1942 as totaling around 130 million* And these same groups predict sales of 150 million at the very loaat in 1943. ~ Domestic Commerce, December, 1943. 120 .Ur Juts Stop Locomotive Smoke. Elimination of smoko from several coal-burning locomotives of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad has been made possible by perfection of the design of overfire air jets as a result of work done recently by Bituminous Coal Research, Inc. The jots are simple, inexpensive, and can be applied to any standard locomotive. The equipment consists of jets to introduce air over the fire to cause turbulent mix ing with unburaed gases, thus promoting complete combustion and smokeless opera tion at low and moderate loads whore smoko is often the most objectionable. The l.cur.ctive jots followed design principles developed in a research project spon sored by SCSI in tin. laboratories of Battclle Memorial Institute, Coluabus, O. Results of this research have been published in the Transactions of tha A30S for October, 1943, in a paper "Overfire Air Jets" by R.B, Engdahl and W.C. Holton# Reprints are available upon request to 3CRI at Washington or Columbus. 03118357 5: 3 - T/ - * - __ "v: Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4 121 Physical-fitness Campaign. Tbs Federal Security Agency is initiating within industry a physical-fitness paiga intended to improve the strength *nd endurance of war workers, Paul V. McNutt, Federal Security Administrator, announced on January 26. To attack t hone front problem, John B. Kelly, chairman of FSA's Commitzee on Physical Fi ness, appointed a special commission headed by Dr. William ?. Jacobs, sportsn -net president of Presbyterian College, Clinton, S.C. The program developed by the commission is intended to bring to industrialists and labor leaders a reali: ation of the need for action promoting and maintaining physical fitness among industrial workers. 122 Health Program for 1944. The health program of iftestinghousc Electric 2t Manufacturing Company for the pre sent year emphasizes health education. Leaflets will bo distributed monthly to employees, presenting the following subjects in order: rhe'jnatism, open wounds, tuberculosis, hay fever, infant immunization, indigestion, diabetes, recreation, the common cold, syphilis, sleep, and care of the eyos. -- F.M. Gatto, Safety Hews (Y.'estinghouse) January, 1944. 1-23 V*hy Plant Industrial Medical Service Should Bo Adopted. This is the title of a circular sent by the Health Committee of the Chamber of Commerce and Board of Trade of Philadelphia, to manufacturers in the cite and vicinity. First, the need of such service is demonstrated by the accidt fre quency of the Five-County Philadelphia area. The information about modteel ser vice is given in the form of questions and answers, for instance, what Wdlcal service is available to a small plant at reasonable cost? Will a-ttsdftfc M*> vice decrease the lest tine due to accidents? The scope and coat Of neatdieal service ere included, and recipients are asked to write for any otter imfoxsation desired. 124 Occupational Disease Reports. The Bureau of Industrial Hygiene of the Connecticut Department of Health reports 104 occupational disease cases for November, 1943. Deimntitis accosted for 97 with pneumoconiosis and silicosis 3, carbon monoxide 1, lead 1, sulfur dioxide 1 and gas poisoning 1. During December, 1943, there were 270 occupational disease cases of which 266 were skin diseases. The remaining were silicosis with and without infection 3, and lead poisoning 1. Legal Developments 125 Labeling Poisons. An amendment to the New York State Sanitary Code, adopted by the Public Health Council December 17, reads as follows: "The sale, distribution or use of any poisonous substance as an exterminator or insecticide is prohibited unless the container bears a label logibly and conspicuously printed with tho word 'POISON* and the symbol of the skull and cross-bones in red ink followed with the sord3 'CAUTION -- This exterminator or insecticide contains (state the name of the poison), a deadly poison,* together with the antidote and treatment therefor and the name and address of the manufacturer or packer, and the mrds 'poison,* 'caution* and 'antidote* in block type of a larger size than the other wording. 03118358 tfyS'B jfiitif/A ? Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 3 "v Insecticides or exterminators containing a fluoride or an arsenic compound shal be colored a distinct blue or green and, if sold at retail in quantities of fit* pounds or less, the container thereof shall be of a non-refillublc type. This amendment shall take effect (February 1, 1944} May 1, 1944." -- Health Hews ta Suppl. (N.Y. State Dept, of Health ) January 3, 1944. ijj 126 Exposure to Excessive Heat; Absence of Pre-Lxistiag Cardiac Condition; Finding of Fact to be, Supported by Evidence or Reasonable Inference. A negro workman, haring been employed at the coke ovens of his asployor for six years, suddenly fall over backward and died within a few minutes, while in the process of removing coke from an ovon. There was no evidence of any cardiac pathology and the evidence tends to show that the deceased employee was a healthy, strong man prior to his sudden death. Defendant's medical witnesses ignored the facts that decadent worked in e place that was always ten to twelve degrees hot ter than hortial and that the day of his death was an excessively hot day, and although no medical expert would say that death was the result of the extreme heat, it was admitted that such heat could embarrass the hcert to a point of ex citing heart failure. As the weight of the evidence favor3 claimant rather than the employer, denial of compensation was erroneous. Byrd v. Stonega Coke & Coal Cc. Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. No. 2755 (January 24, 19447 (CCHJ. 127 Bacterial or Chemical Pneumonia; Csusal delation to Br.ployment, After each of two distinct exposures to nitrous fumes in the mixing of coeper nitrate, an employee having suffered a cough, chills, sweats, and expect*etion of bloody sputum and after the second of such exposures having developed It eerere pneumonia, it was the isolation of pneumococci in a sputum culture Mi Up testi mony of medical experts that chemical pneumonia from tho inspir^tioa of iitrous fumes in sufficient quantity to cause pneumonia would have been immediately dis abling that led to a finding that there was no causal connection with the aaployment, -- Burdick v. U. S. Finishing Co. Conn. Supreme Ct. of Errors. January 5, 1944. (CCH). 128 Injuries Resulting from Silicosis; Degree of Care Required of Saployeg. An employee was disallowed recovery for injurios resulting from the occupational disease of silicosis because the employer did not negligently fail to provide the employee with a reasonably safe place to work; although there might lave been a better way for the employer to conduct the hauling of ore, for whieh the employee was hired, the test of negligence i3 that degree of caw and method of operating the business commonly adopted by those in the same business, Womack r. Orr. Missouri Supreme Court. No. 36,634. December 6, 1943. (CCH). 129 Course of Employment. `..here an employee suffering with a diseased heart, with arteriosclerosis and hypertension, died after exerting himself during bis employment, the finding of the board that the employee's death was hastened by tha exertion of the work that he wa3 required to perform and that his death was tho result of an injury arising out of and in the course of his employment was proper, because though the pre-existing physical condition of the employee was a raaote cause of death, it could be found that the physical exertion of the work that ha was doing re sulted in the acute failure of the heart which caused hi3 death. Griffin's Case. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, Suffolk. November 30, 1943. (CCE). 130 Locomotive Fireman's Suffering From Silicosis. Ar. employee, a locomotive fireman of an interstate railroad company, did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of ection for negligence under the Federal Employers' Liability Act, for the employer's failure to provide a safe 03118359 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 sr place to work, when he brought suit for damages caused by silicosis resulting from the inhalation of sand placed on the rails by a sanding device, which was g* of the type ordinarily used under the circumstances and which in other instance had not caused the disease of this type. The employer is not required to antic!*! pate or guard against an occurrence which an ordinarily prudent person could nog have anticipated. 3 Limitation of Action for Silicosis. An action may be brought under the Federal*5 Employers' Liability Act for injuries sustained by an employee engaged in inter state commerce as a result of a violation of the Boiler Inspection Act; and such an action, which was brought by a locomotive fireman for injuries resulting from silicosis, is governed by the statute of limitations prescribed in the Federal <r?\ Employers' Liability Act. Therefore, the accrual ofthis cause of action and the commencement of the statute, silicosis being an occupational disease and of slow development in a person, occur when the employee bacomos incapacitated for work and ceases his employment. Urie v. Thompson. Missouri Supremo Ct. Ho. 38,629. December 6, 1943, (CCK). 131 Determination of Accident by Definition. As the Florida 'Workmen's Compensation Act defines accident as: "accident shall mean only an unexpected or unusual event, happening suddenly," in a case where claimant admits that over a period of about a year in the course of her employ ment mixing dough, baking bread and scrubbing pans, she developed pain iniftha wrists with later formation of "knots," diagnosed as tenosynovitis with ganglion formations, the injury cannot be said to have been sudden as required by astute. S.H. Kress & Co. v. Burkes. Florida Supremo Ct. January 4, 1944* (CCBfc 132 Statute of Limitations; Additional Compensation. A claim for additional compensation on account of a change in condition BKt he filed vlthin two yoars from the date that the Industrial Board is notified sf final payment of compensation to claimant. Ho Appeal from Previous Award: Res Judicata. A previous award of compensation having been made and no appeal therefrcSt having been taken, the matters therein are res judicata. Stephens. P.J. (Digest of opinion) The Code, #114-709, as ensaded by the aete of 1937, page 528, does not provide that a claim for additional compensation on account of a change in the condition of the claimant, in order to give the In dustrial Board jurisdiction thereof, must be filed with the Board within feo years after the date of the final payment of compensation under a previeee heard, but provides that the claim based on change in condition "auat be filed wltMn two years from the date that the Industrial Board is notified of final poyAent of compensation to the claimant." On the hearing of a claim for additional com pensation, based on a change in the condition of the claimant since the previous award by the Industrial Board of compensation to him, a finding by the Industrial Board in making its previous award that the claimant's tuberculous condlttea* which caused his disability, had been aggravated by the administration of ether during the performance ct an operation on him for hernia, which hernia caused by an accidental injury received by the claimant while at *rk for his employer, which previous award was not appealed from, is conclusive and constitutes res judicata that the claimant's permanent disability resulted from his tuberculous condition, and that the same was caused by an accidental injury growing out of his employment. Fidelity & Casualty Go. v. Brooks. Georgia Ct. of Appeals* No. 30,075. December 3, 1943. (CCH). 03118360 133 Applicability of Statutes to Municipality. A municipality engaged in furnishing public utility services in its privet# cor porate capacity is subject to the occupational disease statute where an Mployee Industrial Hygiene digest j-' suffers damages from personal inj'irios sustained as a janitor in tie chemical rr-. building at the minicipality's water purification plant. Lockhart v. Kansas ^ Missouri. Missouri Supreme Ct. No. 38,614. December S, 1943. (CCH). ' cs 124 Silicosis; Factory Act; Iaap-.licability of Occupational Diseases Act. * An emoloyoe, having contracted silicosis through the alleged ae.ciiaer.ee of the* employer in its violation of the Factor/ Act, Chapter 142, Acts 1299, by failing to exhaust oust from grinding wheel3 *-nd other dust creating machinery ana the common lav; negligence of failing to eliminate dust from the room where the employ ee worked, recovered a judgment of $3,000 in an action for damages, and the affirmance of that award by this court is based upon the decision of The Dalton Foundries, Inc, v, Jefferies (1948). 51 ILF. (2d) 13, which held that"where the Indianr. Workmen's Occupotional Diseases Act was not applicable for the purpose of cor.; c-nsation under the Act, because that employee was not exposed for a per iod of sixty days after the effective date of the Act, the provisions of the Act could not govern nor have any effect upon the employee's recovery in an action for a-mages, ana having violated the Factory Act, the employer was negligent whether or net tha exact resulting disease therefrom was anticipated. The Dalton Foundries v. Doan. Indiana Appellate Ct. Nc. 17,052. November 19, 1943. (CCH). 135 Ivorsa'3 Tuberculosis as Hesult cf Occupational Injury; Inaccurate Claim; Occupa tional Disease Referees. Where the evidence shows that a nurse, upon her employment with a bospit^, had previously had an active tuberculosis which was then dormant, quiescent, fend arrested -.nd, due to a series of colds caused by exposure to great and 3\&den changes cf temperature in various parts of the hospital and overwork due to in sufficient help, her power of resistanca become so diminished that tha p*e-exist ing tuberculosis was activated and disabled acre, a causal connection between the employment and injury was shown; ihe fact that the claim filed vailed from the proven facts is immaterial ns it could have been cured by amendment if con troversy cn this point had arisen; industrial referees are to be appointed only when an employee claims to be disabled as a result of an injury by industrial disease, and, as the claim made no mention of an injury, there was no authority to appoint referees and their reports arc without effect. Mercier* 9 Case. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Ct., Suffolk. December 27, 1943. {CCH). 136 Silicosis as Cause of Death; Claim for Death Benefits and Remarriage Award Made After llenarriege. v.'hc-re the deceased employee was compensated for disability, due to silicosis, from the date of his disability cn December 23, 1939 to his death on May 26, 1942, end his widow remarried on June 20, 1942 but aid not file her claim until July 6, 1942, there was no error in awarding death benefits from the date of death of her husband to the date of her remarriage, and for the remarriage award as of the date of her remarriage. Gutierrez v. Republic Steel Corporation. Sew York Supreme Ct., Appellate Div., 3d Judicial Dept, No. 234-3. Sov.16, 1943. (CCH). 137 Jurisdiction cf State Industrial Commission; Occupational Disease; Lack of Com petent Evidence tc Suaucrt Finding of Fact. Because the Oklahoma Workmen's Compensation Law covers only disabilities aa.ddi.seosos resulting from an accident, in point of tine, an occupational disease such us chronic load poisoning, which is the result of a slow, insidious process, with the cause attributable to no specific period of time nor to e specific evunt, is r.ct -a compensable accident within the meaning of the Act, and the State Industrial Commission is without jurisdiction to make any order other than one dismissal; since the evidence fails to support the finding that the occupa tional disease 'was the result of tha' alleged inhalation of chlorine gas on May 03118361 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 XI 23, 1938, the award must be vacated. National Zinc Co. v, Goines. Cidahoma r^>5. Supreme Ct. *iIo. 31,204. January 2f, 1944. (CCH). 5s i 138 Federal Employers' Liability Act: He-.t Exhaustion; Safe Place to ftork. as The United States Supreme Court denied certiorari in the case of the death of at Robert ?. Beamer who diou -within short time after having ..-orbed for over two * hnurs as a steam fitter ir. a steam turbine room -..here the temperature was 135. -tv Virginia Supreme Ccurt of at peals aaua that tno railway Co. was not negligent since the temperature was act hotter than is required by standards of good pre.ctioe in such plants and the on; loycr is required only to exercise ordinary cure. leaner v. Virginian Railv.-ay Co U.3. Supreme Ct. No. 330. Certiorari denied, l-nuury 17, 1944. (.M 139 Prir.a Facie Correctness '.r. -uestiens cf Lav.' ar.d Fact. -- Although the decision of the Department is doomed to be prirua facie correct unless and until there is sufficient evidence produced tu prove otherwise, where there is no evidence from which e roas.-noble inference c-.n be drawn that the employee's death due to car- dine :sthma cute myoc-rcitis :.s the result of exposure to wood dust in the lumber mill where decadent had employed, the decision was a conclusion of law based on speculation and surmis' and is not prima facie correct on a finding of fact. Definition of Occupsticn-al Disease. -- .n occupational disease is one duo entire ly to causes and ccnuitions characteristic of a particular occupation not due to causes and exposure common to all employed people. In the clessiJLed list of occupational diseases, there is no disease to which logging company'spaplcy- =cs wore or could be exposed in the line of duty. * Attorney's Fees -- Rem. Rev. Stub., He.7697 provides for a reasonable attorney'S fee payable cut of the administrative fund if the decision of tho joint board is reversed cr ncuifiod. * Su'ci-rsedons 3ond.-- Although Rem. Rev. Stst., Ho. 1722 provides that a court will not stay proceedings on a judguort unless u supersedeas bond is given. Art.IV, Ho.4, cf the state constitution authorizes .appellate courts to grant a, super sedeas pending the determination of an appeal, even though appellant may not otherwise be entitled thereto by statute. Millard. J. (Digest of opinion) 'where tho cause of death was given as cardiac asthma and acute myocarditis, and there was no nodical testimony or other evi dence to show that the a3thma was the result of exposure to wood dust in the lumber mill whore decedent hed been employed for 22 years, the docieion of the Cep?runout could not be said to be prim?, facie correct on a question of fact as the decision that there was causal relation was a conclusion of law baaed on conjecture and sumiso rather than on a finding of fact, and tho trial court ccvd.d rightly conclude othervlse. .-vs an occupational disease is one that arisos naturally and proxircctely out of extra-hazardous employment, in which classifica tion legging industries do not fall, ;.nd it has not been shown that asthma is a nr-rr.nl and constantly present result of logging operations, it cannot be said that there was an pccupaticnrl disease or that it arose naturally or proxUaately out of his employment. ..s Rum. Rev. Sto.t., ?769 7 provides for a reaonable attor ney's fee payable '"et :f the administrative fund upon reversal or modification :f tho joint board's decision, tho trial court having reversed the board, attor ney's fees from the fund ar-'allowable. Although the constitutional and/or in herent power of o reviewing court to grant a writ of supersedeas when necessary to nr,serve the rights of the parties, pending an appeal may be subject to legis lative regulation, r.s by Rem. Rev. Stat., .71722, regarding the issuance of a supersedeas bond, that power, inherent or granted by Art. I , 4 of the state constitution, cannot be wholly divested by tho legislature. Furthermore, there is no necessity for suparsodons in cases such as this, as tho preservation of 03118362 4^ ^3 -< - .? - .T Industrial Hygiene Digest - 9 the trust fund, which is in the custody cf the state, may be effectuated by tha^ court's suspension of the operation of the Department's order making the awarded pending the disposition of the appeal from that order to the superior court. 3 Affirmed. St. Paul h Tacoma Lumber Co. v. Dept, of Labor end Industries. 7 Washington Supreme Ct. 17c. 2S,.748. Decamfcsr 10, i94o. tCCliT. 2 S:xJ Scok Hevie'.vs and Notices 140 Cc'-.unatiop.al Load Exposure and L :ed rcisor.ing. Cor.imittee on Lend Poisoning* of \ thu lain..-trial Hygiene Section, American Public iludth Assoc., 1790 Broadway, Ih'v; York, li.Y. 7 up. (124'j). Price 75tf. I 1-u.s report constitutes an authoritative statement of the present knowledge res pecting load poisoning hazards and must command attention because of the out standing reputations of the eight committee members. It has been designed (1) to outline practical and effective measures for the recognition of hazardous lead exposures in industry, (2) to describe satisfactory methods for the differ ential diagnosis end treatment of lead intoxication, (3) to point out that factual requirements for medicolegal purposes and the means of satisfying such r^uire- monts, end {4! to refer the reader to selected sources of more detailed &A com prehensive information. A comprehensive discussion of lead poisoning waatavoid ed because of the existence of several questionable or controversial matters in the lit arcture cased on experimental and clinical investigation and ptwratioh. The available statistics indicate that there has been a progressive decline in the incidence of fatal load poisoning in the United States of America over a per iod cf m-ro than twenty years. Where information is available, the sane trend appears in the incidence cf non-fatal poisoning but it has not been as great aa with fatal prisoning. This indicates that hygienic measures have eliminated the-- more .bvi.us firms of lead exposure without bringing the general lovol of expo sure -.-.ithin safe limits. The bibliographical appendix brings together the more important articles on each phase of lean exposure end lead poisoning. The arti cles arc presented in the order, by years, in which they appeared in the litera ture. They cover 19 phases of the problem. 141 The National Fire Codes for Flammable Liouids. Gases. Chemicals and Explosives. Compiled by R.S. Moulton. National Fire Protection Association. Boston, 1943. 502 pp. This volume presents the complete coucs for handling, storage and use of flam mable and explosive material, and supersedes end amplifies the codes published in 1938. The codes are in the form of suggested ordinances, standards or recom mended good practice requirements and constitute a vduable guide to good engin eering practice. The general classifications include: (1) flammable liquid storage and handling; (2) oil and gasoline burning equipment; {3) liquifibd petroleum :>ases; (4) utilization of flammable liquids in engines, motor oreft, sirpl-ns fueling operations, dry cleaning, dip tanks and paint spraying} (5) l'uul gesos, r.aesthetic gases and oxyeen in hospitals; (6) refrigeration and fuieifation, and (7) .xylosivas and nitrocellulose materials. The book closes with two very useful tables, one of colecs hazardous chemicals, end the other of fire-hazard properties of flammable liquids, gr.sos and volatile solids, the two totaling about 70 pages and supplemented by directions for flash point tests. Anyone concerned with design, construction or manufacture whore flammable mater ials uru concerned, wall find the volume invaluable. 03118363 Iacusxri-.l Hygiene Digest - 10 142 National Fire Codes for Extinguishing and Alarm Zauinment. Compiled by R. S. -- Moulton. Notional Fire Protection Assoc., 3oston, 1943. c9 pp, The National Fire Protection Association has prepared over a hundred comprehend sive standards on various phases of fire prevention. The present volume bringis together for convenient reference the many standards dealing v.ith various typoS cf fire extinguishing and alarm equipment and related features. 1 ho general heaaings include: (1) automatic sprinklers and v.-ater supply; (2) extinguishers and hose; (3) special extinguishing systems, c.g. carbon dioxide, foam, steam ar.d water spray; (4) public protection, municipal and rural; (5) alum ana super visory systems; (6) employee organization, and (7) miscellaneous, including among /fs\ oanthdepr rosutebcjeticotns ofifrenitfriogchetilnlugloesqeuipfimlmenst ainndmpeytarol xmyilninesp, lamsatriicne. fiTrheispvroolutemcetiowni,ll be valuable to those concerned vdth fire protection. 0 Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 0 143 Anoxia in High Altitude Flying. Had. J. of Australia. 2, 172-173 (Augu; 9 1943). This article is a review of the whole issue of Beitrage zur pathologisclfla Anatomie of September 16, 1942. A review of the first paper record* th* ffefViological changes and histological lesions produced by exposing animal* to ofttlcal altitudes repeatedly for various lengths of time. The second paper report* on the lesions in organs other than the central nervous system which w*re found in animals suffering sudden death by rapid exposure to extreme low pressure. The third paper gives observations at the autopsies of members cf air crew* who died in similar circumstances. The fourth paper discusses the question whether anoxiais the only cause for the observed findings. 144 Hazards of Exposure to Glass Wool, Glass Frit or Foam Glass. B. J. Bein. Correspondence, J.A.M.A. 124. 187-158 (January 15, l944]~i The author disagrees in part with the reply to a question in "Queries and Hinor Notes" regarding hazards of glass wool (Abstract Ho. 892, September, 1943 Digest) believing that the informant is not familiar with the particular product* men tioned. No carbon tetrachloride or ether is used in making glass wool, and no mechanical injury from spicules has occurred. References are given to several articles that have been quoted in the Digest. 145 Health Aspects of Magnesium and Other Foundries. W.A. Cook. Am. Foundrymen's Assoc. Reprint 43-36, (Uagnesium Alloys Foundry Practice), pp. 140-1^8. The writer affirms that greater productivity, less absenteeism, and better per sonnel relations may be achieved through: (1) improvement of the health of the men and women in the industry through educational means, and (2) provision of hygienic working conditions. The author has found valuable in achieving the first object, an integrated program, presenting a single phase of healthful liv ing, such as the amount of sleep needed, prevention of the common cold, etc. The subject can be presented at safety meetings or through public address sys tems in plants, using such devices as the strip film talkie. Concerning expo sure to fluorides and sulfur dioxide the writer states that their effects, under foundry operating conditions, after prolonged exposure, are not fully known.. He concludes that, "for the present, every effort should be made to keep fluoride 03118364 I Industrial Hygiene Digest - ID O' exposures as low ns good engineering practices will penult, certainly below theS amount which causes local irritation, to keep a record of the atmospheric con-^ centrations in which the men are working, and to undertake such periodic physidgL examination as medical.authorities recommend." Some data obtained from studiesi of fluoride end sulfur dioxide exposures in magnesium foundries are given. Th4 use of lead-in-urine determinations in foundries and in other industries where there are lead exposures is of value in indicating whether the workers are ex-* posed to too much of this metal. Periodic x-ray examinations coupled v.lth dust control should to maintained in all foundries. /--I 146 Hazards from Silicon and Fluorides. Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.M.A. 124. 268 (January 22, 1944). The question has arisen as to the toxic nature of calcium silicide, v;hich is used as a reducing agent for electric furnace slags; also fluoride gases, cal cium carbide, sulfur dioxide and iron oxide. The reply refers to the lacs of specific information on the physiologic action of calcium silicide. In general, however, silicides are comparatively inert materials. All fumes which are liber ated as fumes in the process described should be regarded as possible acuto irritants whether they cause progressive chronic disease of the skin or respir atory tract is unknown. (Editor's note: Fluorosis from fluorine compounds la a possibility of current interest.) e 147 Fluoride Vapors and Dusts. V.E. Ready. Mich. Labor & Ind., 5, 6 (Janua 1944). Fron Calif, Safety News. T, Hydrogen fluoride and its compounds are used extensively in pickling metj^. f treating textiles to remove weighting materials, cleaning sandstone and.Mn&e, laundry work and fertilizers. Whenever fluorides come in contact wit&JtnMHre, hydrogen fluoride may be given off. A number of specified additloons involve a fluorir.:: exposure hazard. Coated welding rods may contain ffiSffdes which give off silicon fluoride, v/hich, on inhalation, breaks down into hydrogen fluoride and silica, so that constant exposure to these fumes may cause either fluoride poisoning or silicosis. (Editor's note: Tebbens and Drinker, *Y#ati- laticn in Arc Welding with Costed Electrodes," Jour. Ind. Hyg. fcTox., 83. 322- 342 (1941) demonstrate that silica in welding fumes is not present in a fox* that will cause silicosis. Studies by Sander and others confix* Tebbens and Drinker. 148 accident Facts - 1943 Edition. National Safety Council. Paper, 96 pp. 50 cents per copy, aiscount in quantities. This booklet give3 an extensive tabulation of accidents in the United States in 1942, industrial and non-industrial. Much of the material is given in easily understandable graphic form. Tho industrial frequency rate (of .companies report ing) dropped 2# from 1941 to 1942, while the severity rate increased 3Jl. falls arc the most costly, while accidents from handling objects are most frequent* Accidents are tabulated by industry, part of the body,' cause and locality. 149 Inflammability cf Methylene Chloride-Oxygon-Nitrogen Mixtures. G.W.Jones, R.E. Kennedy and F.E. Scott. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Rept. of Invest., #3727. Psnphlet. 7 pp. (October, 1943). Methylene chloride, dichloromethane CHgCl^, a low-boiling and highly volatile organic chlorinated compound, is used extensively as a refrigerant in air condi tioning installations, as an intermediate in organic synthesis, and an a solvent for cellulose acctata and other materials. As its vapors are not flammable in air at ordinary temperatures, it con be used to advantage where it would be highly dangerous to use flammable solvents. The question has been raised as to its flammable range in pure oxygen and in air enriched with oxygen* To find the answer to this question tests were carried out with various mixtures of methylene 03118365 /--IN /j=Jv :3E? Industrial Hygiene Digest - 12 cs chloride, oxygen, r.nd nitrogen mixtures. It was found that methylene chloride^ has -wide limits of flammability in pure oxygen -- 13. S$ for the lower ?.nd 66.4 for the upper iimit. All mixtures falling within these limits arc flammable. If air is enriched with oxygen, so that the final mixture contains 1C.3^ or morfe oxygen, flammable mixtures aro produced when the amount of methylene chloride co vapor present comes within certain limiting concentrations. At high tcr.p-ra- jjj turcs, methylonc chloride vapor becomes flammable in air and ignites at 6420c. It ignites at 60cC in oxygon. 150 Carcinogens and Experimental Carcinoma. Queries and Minor Kotos. J.A.H.A. 123. 1148-9 (December 25, 1943 J. ~ In response to an inquiry about the experimental7 production of papillomas in the rabbit by the application of benzene, the following comment is offered: "Careful compilation of the relative carcinogenic activity of various carcinogens by Kartwell in 1941 does not give any instance of papillomas induced in rabbits by benzene. Carcinoma may be induced in the mouse by a variety of substances. Those most frequently used are 3,4 benzpyrene, 20 methylcholanthrenc and 1,2,5,5, dibcnze-athracenc. The shortest period after application of the carcinogen to the appearance of the tumor is about sixty days. Usually a considerably longer time is required. Carcinoma in the- guinea pig is more difficult to induce. Fculdz reports 1 case following injection of thorium dioxide in the nipple re gion. It may also prove that estradiol will be active in producing carcinoma, according to Lipschutz. Tho review of the field of carcinogens published by J.L. Hartwell, National Cancer Institute, 3etbesda, Md., is recommended for detailed information. i 151 "xperinental Gastric Cancer from Ingestion of Oxidized Fata. A.H RotfQ* Sol. inst. mc-d. exptl. cstud cancer. 19_, 503-30 (1942). Hats v.ere fed. for a period of 2 years on a diet of broad, milk, corn and a small quantity of oxidized fat. The lattor, oxidized by heating, takes on carcinogenic properties which may bo caused by the high cholesterol content. These findings coincide with those of N. '.Yatoman (Chcm. Absts., 31, 4389) who has shown that cholesterol oleate not only enhances the effect of tar, but that it also con tains carcinogenic substancc-s. An excess of cholesterol esters favors the forma tion of tar carcinomas. This process, produced by heat, is analogous to the one induced -under tho action of ultraviolet rays or solar rays, which produces a local accumulation of cholesterol. The latter, under irradiation, forms the carcinogenic oxicholesterol. 152 The Allergenic Properties of the Vegetable Gums: A Case of Asthma-Due to Tragacar.th. H.H. Golfand. J. Allergy, 14, 203 (March, 1943). Published reports of sensitivity to vegetable gums indicate that the chief sources of sensitization are ksraya gum in heir waving lotions end acacia (gim arabic) in the offset spray used by printers. Other persons exposed to occupa tional contact vjith the gums include confectioners, employees of gum plants, per sons engaged in thd manufacture of cigars, metal polish, matches, porcelain, pottery and others. A list of the known sources of possible contact with the gums is presented. The usual node of contact is by inhalation, but ingestion, injection and surface contact have also accounted for reactions. The morbid processes include vasomotor rhinitis, bronchial asthma, urticaria, atopic derma titis , angioneurotic edema and gastrointestinal disturbances. The author re ports the case of a woman v.4th asthma due to tragaconth, who was sensitive to acacia, also, but not to karaya. Acacia end tragacanth are members of the same family (leguriinosae) but kareya belongs to an entirely different family (atercuiiaceae). This fact may have a bearing on the antigenic relation of the gums. 03118366 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13 153 Deraatitis Due to Tyro^lyphus Longior, Serv., Var. C-qstelianii, Hirst, in Cheerffr; Dus_t. E.V,.?. Thomas. 3rit. J. Dermat., 4, 313 (December, 1942). a /-'TV Thomas retorts a diffusa erythematous dermatitis of the forehead, face, ears ail nock, with slight odena of the eyelids and involvement of the flexor surfaces the forearm, in a railway ^soaer. me eruption was due to cheese oust in whiclfg the mite Tyroglyphus lcngior, &orv., v.-?.s found. The cheeses mainly attacked those that have been idft a considerable tir..e ir. stoi-e. The mites, which ere s-.in to bo present in moot dairies and can be found in dust anc scrapings from the shelves, apparently crawl on to the choose, select a minute hole or crevice and cat their v/ay in; eggs are laid and a flourishing colony is soon established. On the surface of the cheese a coating of fine powder forms, which may be a -^uar- ter of an inch (C.d cm.) thick, composed of layer on layer of dead bodies of mites, macerated skins, feces, minute particles of uneaten cheese and the living mites themselves. Mite.-infected cheese can bo recognized by this fine brown pow . o der ana by the numerous small holes and cavities. >-- 134 Effects on the 3kir. of Irritant Explosives. C. Swanston. Proc. Soy. Soc. Med., 36, 633-638 (October, 1143). Industrial or contact dermatitis is the cause of more lost time in British muni tion factories than any other industrial complaint, the time lost being only slightly less than that due to accidents. The principal irritant explosives are /gl mercury fulminate and tetryl, to which may be added THT on account of the sever- tty, rather than the incidence af the dermatitis produced. Symptoms prodAied by the various explosives are described. Treatment involves: (1) fieaoval tkm con tact, (2) Avoidance of all skin irritants including soap and water after initial cleansing, (3) flaying of irritation to avoid scratching and to git* t>SHfatient sleep anc rest, (4) Variation in individual treatment, which must be regular and closely \;pervised. Dressings must be light. Prophylaxis includes: . flX- Selec tion of workers, (2) Prope-r working conditions, (3) Protective clothing, (4) Thorough washing, (5) Barrier substance such as creams and-powders. 155 Contact Deimatitis With Special Reference to Industrial Dermatitis. N.P. Anderson *- Ind. Med., 12, 554-537 (September, 1943). *> The author presents a somewhat different point of viow of contact dermatitis f namely, that in any individual, it may bo considered a toxic reaction. He cites a number of authorities and cases in support of his thesis. This newer viewpoint tends to modify some of the present day ideas both as to causation and treatment of this group of skin disorders. The following are suggested procedures for use in treatment: (1) The use of chemical antidotes which act either (a) by neutral ization of the poison or (b) detoxifying the irritant by forming insoluble or nen-irritating compounds; (2) The use of absorbent powders, such as charcoal and kaolin; (3) The new synthetic wetting agents might be used to remove toxic choa- icals from the skin ana possibly also to carry neutralising agents. 156 Metol Dermatitis es an Occupational Disease of Photography. E. Wagner.' Phot. The symptoms produced on the skin (usually on the hands and under the am) of v.'orkcrs who are allergic to nctol are briefly described and their similarity to those- of frostbite and eczema is pointed out. The irritation caused by contact with hydroouinone end yyrogallol also produces symptoms resembling those of riotol. Swelling and degreasing of the skin by developer alkalis aggravate the 03118367 action of metol. -unolin should bo applied to the skin at n^ght and a skin spe cialist should be consulted. 157 Oral Prophylaxis Against Uooer Respiratory Infection. T.B. Herron. Ind. Med., 12, 59C-S93 (September, 1943). Th-- author describes a series of investigations among unselccted industrial work ers to test the value of oral vaccine tablets in upper respiratory infections. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14 KWB8-088775? Ke believes tha results appear to recommend thi3 procedure as an effective and practical method to provide immunization against upper respiratory infection in industrial workers and other large masses of the population. 158 Keratoconjunctivitis Control Measure necomr.ondcd for Industry, ai. Heiman. :J, Y. State Indust. Bull., 22, 328 (August, 1943). The disease i3 apparently caused by a neurotropic virus, v.-ith travana bearing little relation to the disease, although this question is act adequately answered at this time. Either sex may be affected at any age. There is evidence that medical personnel has had a hand in transmitting the disease. Generally patients complain of either a foreign body in one of the eyes, or that the eyes feel as if they had "sand" in them. In the typical case the bulbar and palpebral con junctiva vail be found edematous, with the upper lid more severely involved than the lower. Congestion of the conjunctiva, lacrimction and a few hemorrhagic spots will be found. A pseudomembrane is often found, especially in the inferior conjunctival sac. The amount of discharge is minimal. Corneal involvement shows subcpithoiiai opacities, moderate in number and often involving the pupillary area. There amy be glandular involvement of the preauriculor, submental or cer vical chain. The disease usually lasts at least 10 days, with corneal involve ment lasting longer and leaving scars. Cold compresses give relief and sulfon amides have been recommended. 159 Eye Injuries in Shipyards. F.S. McElroy and A.L. Svenson. Monthly LabosJKev., 57, 1151-1154 (December, 1943). i. luring the first 5 months of 1943, 19,244 disabling injuries to shipyard ioTkers were reported. Of these, 4,089, or 21# were eye injuries. A great variety of eye hazards is present in shipyard work, and the 3ame worker nay be expeaed to several hazards. '.Voider's flash accounted for 27$ of the eye injuries and only one in six of these were caused by exposure to tha worker's own arc. .flying particles accounted for 51#, and here again others than the worker performing the operation were often injured. The suggested methods of prevention include: (1) more extensive use cf goggles; (2) more extensive use of screens; (3) segre- gation cf operations whenever possible. The essential data arc presented in tables. 160 Intraocular Foreign Bodies. E.. Stieren. J.A.M.A. 123. 880-882 (Deceaber 4,1943). The author discusses proper methods of treating pye injuries. The history of the accident is all important in determining a magnetic or non-magnetic foreign body. An immunizing dose of tetanus antitoxin should be administered to every patient. Methods of detecting the- wound of. entrance and the position and size of the foreign body and details of removing foreign bodies in various locations are presented. For combating infection the author depends on systemic shock re sulting from injection of foreign protein or intravenous injections of typhoid vaccine. Brass and copper are particularly toxic in intraocular fluids. 161 Industrial and Domestic Injuries of the Eye. C.P. Clark. J.A.M.A. 124. 157-59 (January 15, 1944). The prevention of ocular injuries commands an important place In industry, agri culture and the home. Efficient first-aid treatment is important in reducing the loss of man hours of work, in relieving the suffering associated with the injury and, most important of all, in retaining useful vision of the injured eye. Penetrating and non-penetrating wounds are treated according.to the rules that have been proved best by years of experience of the medical profession. Particu lar care should be taken to avoid sympathetic ophthalmia when there has been an injury of the uveal tract, especially of the ciliary body. -- Author's summary. 03118368 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 15 162 Colored Reflex From Anterior Cips-He of Lens In Mercurialism. W.s. Atkinson. -Cj Amer. J. Cphthal., _26, 6C5 (July, 1943;. Dy A colored reflex from the anterior capable of the lens is observed in cases of chronic morcurialism or in those who have been exposed for a long time to mercury. It is believed to be e deposit of mercury on or in the anterior capsule, and d^s not subside when exposure ceases, seventy persons examined v;ere at some time ^ engaged in the manufacture of thermometers and cne was a coner in the f. It hat industry. The colored reflex was present in over half of the cases. The author suggests that tho colored reflex is an early diagnostic sign of mcrcurialism. 163 Industrial Music and Morale. D.D. Kaipin. J. Acoustical Soc. of Am., 15., 116123 (October, 1345). Tho first of a scries of papers dealing with the use of music in industrial plants stresses the importance cf engineering tha system used to serve specific needs. Pour succeeding papers in the same issue were written by specialists who have conducted research or assembled data on various phases of the subject. Titles of those papers are: "Music as a Safety Factor," "Attitudes Toward Types of Industrial Music," "Programming Music for Industry," and "Statistical Method in Determining the Effects of Music in Industry." a 164 Maternity Policies in Industry. C. Silverman. The Child. 8, 1-4 (August,1943). sound industrial maternity policy involves: (l) Av>idance cf penalizing regu lations , so that women will be encouraged to report their pregnancies engly and avoid serious consequences that may follow concealment. (2) A health evaluation of every case to form e basis for decisions regarding continuation of eogLopaent. (3) A job evaluation of every case, and, if necessary, transfer to suitable, non- haznrdeus work. (4) Periodic reports on physical condition. (5} Rf WOMble and protective minimum prenatal ar.d postnatal leave periods. (6) Job protection for a reasonable period of time. (?) Cooperation among plant physicians, private practitioners, and public health departments. Industrial maternity problems are part of community maternity problems and deserve the combined interest of all persons and agencies concerned. -- Condensed from Author's summary. 165 Safety in the Operation of Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride Alkylation Plants. R. Denson. Hat. Petroleum News. 35R 532-6 (November 3. 1943.) New safety precautions are required in. the design and operation of alkylation plants because of the nature of the anhydrous hydrogen fluoride used as a catal yst. Mechanical features have been incorporated in tho plant design to minimize accidental discharge of acid to the atmosphere. These include locating tbs acid carrying equipment in a pit provided with the moans for neutralizing any escap ing acid, and exhaust systems for removing or neutralizing acid or vapors from sections opened for. repairs or ether purposes. Special types of neoprene or rubber clothing are provided for various classes of work and precautions are taken to prevent injury to workmen exposed to contact with tho acid. First-aid treatment is described. -- Author's s 166 Further Kncwlcdge on the Clinical Picture of The Aluminum Lung. G. Goralewski. Lout. Tubcrkuicsa-Biatt., r7, 3-10 (January, 1943). (Goman). Th<- author presents -data on "alunimn lung" in 700 workers in Germany, a disease that occurs frequently there but apparently has not been encountered at all in America. The symptoms and slight bicod changes observed agree with those report ed in the Author's earlier papers (Abstracts 269, 271 - March, 1943; 414 - May, 1943). Eidiologicaliy the first sign consists of focal shadows in the apical regions, which progress through ether portions of the lung and become confluent. Or.e 'utopay ` showed coarse, branching hyaline collagenous fibers enclosing pha gocytes containing fine and coarsely granular purticloa which differed from car bon particles by their jagged outlines. In parts of the lung these fibors were 03118369 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 16 vr also found surrounding the v/alls of the alveoli, which contained phagocytes. A1''* few dust cells were also found in the regional lymph glands. 16? Relation of Low-Vitamin Diets to Arsenic Poisoning. E. Zimmcntann. Arch.Lewefig bepath.u.Gewerbehyg., 11_, 153-159-(I94l) (German). * In investigating the toxic effects of orchard sprays containing arsenic compouiSs it was found that a deficiency of either vitamin A or 3^ mokes rats more sensitiv to the effects of arsenic trioxide. The ability of the liver to retain arsenic was not --Itered. 166 Thy Toxicity of Some Metals V.-'her. Administered Intravenously in Various Forms. ?. Mosohcrpa. Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. eper., 13, 226-227 (1940). (Italian). The following minimal lcthcl doses are reported for intravenous injection into rabbits, of the substances named: cobalt chloride 25.5 mg., cobalt proteinato 35.2 mg., very finely divided reduced cobalt powder 100.2, cuprous chloride 3.5, cupric chloride 3.3, very finely divided, reduced copper powder 15.5, and copper protoinate 3.3 mg. The proteincte solutions were prepared by shaking an aqueous solution cf ovalbumin with metal powder in the presence of air, centrifuging, filtering and concentrating the solution in vacuum. 169 Lead Exposure at the Government Printing Office. A.D. Brandt and O.S. Reichen- e bach. J. ind. rlyg. & Tox., 25, 4ac-450 (December, 1943). Lead exposures were determined at typical locations and at places where jbrfcmen would be most exposed, in the Government Printing office. It is concludes that (1) most sources of air contamination are controlled adequately, (2) thenparces which c.ro not controlled adequately are intemittent in nature, (3) the jBwrugo weighted exposures for all workers in the departments studied Is title* till maxi mum allowable concentration of 0.15 g. per cu. n., and (4) operations Irths monotype, casting, stereotype and remelt departments presented potential `expo sures high enough to justify periodic physical examination to detect early symp toms of abnormal lead absorption. The instruments used at first were the stan dard all-glass impinge*, the midget inpinger and electrostatic precipitator* The-results with the midget irapinger were high and irregular, as compared with the others, and it was discarded. It was found later that the contamination result ed from small quantities of dust which collected on the rubber stopper aid ware washed into the liquid. If all glass impingers arc used, the stoppers ere cover ed with pliofilm and the greatest possible care is taken, the results compare well with those obtained by other methods. 170 American Standard Allowable Concentration of Lead find Certain of Its Inorganic Compounds. American Standards Assoc., Publication Z37.ll - 1943. Approved September 16, 1943. 6 pp. Price 20/ from above Association, 29 W.39th St.,New York, N. Y. The maximum allowable concentration of lead and itsinorganic compounds, thB car bonate, sulfate, oxides, nitrate, and chloride is set at 1.5 mg* of lead'per 10 cubic meters of air, which has been generally acccptod aa a standard* Regarding sampling: "The sampling shall be in accordance with what sxperience shows is necessary to secure a sample which is truly representative of the actual working conditions at the locations tested. This implies that the voltmie of the sample and the rate at which it is drawn into tho sampling apparatus shall bo such that the taking of the sample does not of itself change appreciably the atmospheric conditions at the location tested. The volume of the solution shall be consis tent with the sensitivity of the sample employed, but the time required for collecting a single sample should net exceed 1 hour." References to analytical procedures are given. 03118370 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 17 ur 171 American Standard Allowable Concentration of Mercury. American Standards Asstf*. Publication Z37.8 - 1943. 7 pc. Approved January 6, 1943. rv, Three routes by which mercury may enter the system: inhalation, ingestion an skin penetration. The maximum allowable concentration of mercury is given as 1 1 mg. per 10 cu. m. of air. The analytical methods com:..cnly used for mercury vapor detection are: selenium sulfide method, which is based on the iatcnsitS of the stain obtained v,hun mercury vapor is passed over selenium sulfide paperf and ultraviolet absorption apparatus which is based on the selective absorption of ultraviolet at 2537A by mercury vapor. References are given for details. Other methods may be used if equal in applicability and reliability to those cited. <r*\ 172 American '.Var Standard Allowable Concentration of Metallic Arsenic and Arsenic Tricxido. American Standards Assoc., vubl. 37.9 - 1943. Approved July 3,1943. ,.ftcr a brief description of the metal and the oxide, and brief account :f its toxicology, the maximum allowable concentration is specified as 1.5 mg. cf arsen ic (calculated as the element) per 10 cubic meters of air. Samples may be col lected in im.pingers in the case -f dust or in electrostatic precipitators in the cast- of fumes and may be estimated by a modification of the Gutzcit method or alternative methods, for which references are given for details. This War Stan e dard applies only for the duration of the war, after which it will be reviewed. 173 American 'or Standard Allowable Concentration of Xylene. American Standards Assoc., Publication Z57.10 - 1943. Approved July 29, 1943. 8 pp. The physical-chemical properties of the three pure xylenes and four common commor cial grades arc tabulated, and a brief account of toxic properties is given. The maximum allowable concentration is 200 parts per million parts of air by volume, corresponding to 0.868 mg. per liter at 25 C and 760 mm. pressure, for exposures not exceeding r. total of 3 hours daily. References to analytical methods are given. The standard is approved only for the duration of the war, after which it will be reviewed. 174 `'Radlur. Painting - Hazards and Precautions." K.M. Morse and M.H. Kronenberg. <' - Industrial Mod., 12, 12 (December, 1943). This article together with the ones by Evans, (abstract No. 1008, October,1943) provide an excellent picture of the present-day hazard of radium poisoning in maim painting of instrument dials. The hazards of practical importance are the inhalation of radon gas and the ingestion of solid paint containing radium. Re sults cf determinations of radon in workroom are presentod and show that most are at or below the permissible limit proposed in this country. The highest are a little less than 2 times this limit. Measurements of body content of radium in 35 workers show values varying from very low to about 10005& of the estimated safe limit. However, repent tests on 2 workers with very high radium content showed a markedly high degree of excretion -- 1490# to 64% in one case, and 5300% to 175% in another. Control measures are discussed at length with greatest emphasis properly placed in extreme care in personal cleanliness and housekeeping of the shop and working facilities. 175 Luminous Dial Paint. Anonymous. California Safety Nows. 27, 7 (September,1943). The. expansion of the aircraft industry has resulted in a groat increase in the luminous dial industry. The dangers from the radioactive substances used to activate the paints are described. 176 Nasal and Pharyngeal Irritation from Contact v.lth Sucrose Octaacetate Among Onerat.TS of Compressed--air Hammers. E.J.Viles. U.3.Naval Med.Bull., 41,1378-9 (1943) Sucrose octaacetate as a denaturant of alcohol used to blow water and ice from conprcssod-air lines caused severe irritation lasting 3-4 hours. 03118371 :n:i .-.ygiene -/iges" 13 177 7had. 1 iun Poisoning. I. Dotaction of Thallium in Sjologic Material, tad L. ..oiss. wr.er. u. Clin. Roth., 13, 322 (June, 1943). " V<i .0. Gettlji} 312 list cue procedures ror tna cigesticn or biologic arterial and describe the r.efiic; which they found to bo least time consuming ona at the seme tine yielding a scSitio:: free of oil organic substances. Tie various .qualitative tests for thailiift -sro critically reviewed. A detailed description for the detection of thallium in biologic material is given. 178 rhnllium 5iconenr. xl 4 x no JC vkjl^ sr Gallium m aioionc Material. A.O. c-_. ..iiu i/ 'ci. .-^.^r. o * -lin. Ratn, 13, 568-277 (i945) Ih various .rnvin^tric, titrir.ctric end iodemetric methods are critically re- viused. 7he fcllov.lr.g iccor.etric technique is preferred. Digest the material ith nitric --.cid nr.d filter through i^-s- wool. Treat cautiously with chloric r.cid cr.d then v.lth bromine to oxidise the thallium to the thaliic stato. Remove wXCcss bromine with phenol. Add potassium iodide which will be oxidized to free iociinc by the thaliic i.^na. Titrate the liberated iodine with sodium t'nicsulfatf 179 Curb'-a Tetrachloride Pc iscning, e.P. Sanford. U.S.Naval Lied.Bull., 41, 1486- 1488 (September, 1543). 0\ young s.umur. after \ day's activities working on and cleaning Diesel engine i-arts used carbon tetrachloride to remove oil and dirt from his hands, firearms and shoes. ,_?tor supper he collapsed and was dead in a few minutes despite any restorative measures. Autopsy revealed some congestion of the lung besa4 and petechial he: torrLeges over the upicardiuo. Few cases of fatal poisoning-have been reported in the literature end are apparently due to inhalation of the fvines or ariiicing of the chemical. 130 Safety in Styrene Production. H.K. Sckert. Nat. Petroleum News. 35 R.530 (.lOvcubor o, ..84c). Toxic effects of styrene arc irritntion of the lungs upon inhalation and of the _ skin upon contact, light narcosis from inhaling small amounts, and liver and kid ney damage from exposure to high concentrations. As a result of animal experi mentation, tentative permissible limit of 400 parts per million has been sug gested. The author believes that 200 parts per million is a preferable figure and one which will prevent skin irritation and result in no serious health haz ard. even in cose of repeated exposures. The styrene plant of the Monsanto Chem ical Co. at Texas City, Texas, is given as an example of the maximum of protec tion. The safety features including outdoor construction except the control houses, in which a positive pressure is maintained; safety showers, fire blankets; protective clothing, mechanical guards, and first aid and medical departments. 131 lialcwax .->.cne (''Cable Rash"): A Cutaneous Eruption in Marine Electricians Due to Certain Chlorinated I-iaahthalone-s ana Diphenyls. C.K. Good and N. Pensky. Arch. Dcrmat. x yph., 48, 251-257 (Supturicor, 1943). Synthetic wax (uaiowax) dermatitis is a common cutaneous hazard in marine elec tricians handling certain types of electrical cables. An increasing number of employes -with this dermatitis nay be anticipated in the near future unless suit able and ader.uotc substitutes for these synthetic waxes are discovered, or more effective means of prevention and therapy are developed. An evaluation of vari ous preventive measures is made. The probable mechanism of the production of these lesions is discussed. The absence of systemic, visceral and hemopdetic involvement in handling the "cold" ary synthetic was cable is noted. The Chror.icity of'the eruption and its resistance to therapy are emphasized. No evidence of internal absorption has been found in these cases. - Authors' summary. 03118372 Industrial Hygiene Diges .9 182 Investigations cn the Cause of Industrial Lung Disease in the Monsfeld Co seer Mines. J.H. Hellners and H. Ualuft. Arch.f .Oewerbopath.u.Gewerbehyg., 11, 502 (November 10, 1942). s This article is a general survey of the EJ-neralcgical aspects of the industry with special emphasis on their relation to the dust hazard, but very little ical information is contained in it. The copper mines have been worked for a00 period of 700 years, and what is known us Man..fold Pneumoconiosis ("Mansfelde Staublungen"), has been the subject of u number of articles since 1934, some of the findings of which have been summarized. The article consists almost entirely of very elaborate chemical and min^ralogicnl analysis of the raw material of the mines and the dust produced, including, by way of comparison, analyses of a por tion of one silicotic lung obtained from a Mansfold miner. No details of morbid anatomy or of the histological concition of this lung, however, are given. The figures cf these analyses are not suitable for abstraction. The dust encountered showed particles of numerous different substances including limestone, kaolin, silica, quartz, felspar, mica, sericite and rutile, These varied in size from less than 2 microns up to more than *0 microns. 183 Further Observations on Occupational Carcinoma in Asbestos Workers, a. V/elz. Arch.f.Cewerbepath.u.Gewerbehyg., Li, 53c-560 (November 10, 194217 This article is a record of two cases of asbestosis complicated by cancer of the lung. The first patient was aged 43, with an exposure of 11 years in an asbestos factory; death was due to squamous cell carcinoma. The second worker b*d had 20 years' experience in asbestos work and showed at autopsy an atypiceliepitholia cell new growth. The author suggests there is a causal relationship between asbestosis and carcinoma. Methods of Detection and Determination 134 Testing Toxic Atmospheres. N.R. Barn. Heat., Pip., & Air Cond., 15, 482-484 (September, 1943). In this article tho writer describes briefly rapid chemical and physical tests for carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, ammonia, phosgene, radon and thoron. 135 Testing Toxic Atmospheres. K.R. Bernz. Heat., Pip., e Air Cond., 15^ 518-520 (October, 1943). This article, the third in a scries, describes briefly methods used for the col lection of lead and cadmium. Mercury determination is discussed and methods of solvent vapor determination are described. Halogenstcd hydrocarbons, carbon di sulfide, aniline and acid mists are covered in the rest of the paper. The mater ial presented is not now and is intended for heating and ventilating ongineers not familiar with air analysis methods. 136 Detection of V.'ar Oases. I. Dv&stuffs as Reagents for Detecting Phosgene. Tung-Lieh Pu and Chien-Tao Lo. I. Chinese Chem. See., 8, 140-142 11941) (Chinese). Methyl violet, methyl vialot B, gentian violet B and rosaniline were found to be specific for.the detection of phosgene in air. Distinct color changes were ob tained at gas concentrations of C.7 mg./l. of air within one second. 03118373 t / S-- - J e> _m - v' V?''?) -T/ HWB6<flOe771>8 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 20 187 In:.roved as-;rrutus for the Detemination of Carbon Monoxide. L. Shnidman. Cas :.nd Lec. Corp., Anar. Ges .-.ssoc. Monthly. 25, 503 (December, 1543). The iodine pcntoxide method was found most suitable for the determination of v< small .amounts of carbon nonoxiuc. The portable apparatus comprised n 500 ml. gas container, a purifying system, on iodine p.ntoxide tube- enclosed in a bunt- ing chamber, an absorption tube and a lir.phragm pump. Those v/ero connected in scric-s as a closed system. In the p;;rifying system, the gts v.as treated with sulfuric acid, with chromic acid, and sulfuric acid again. The absorption tube was .rapt a.t ll'CC, which ensured a rapid :nd complete reaction. The liberated icdir.o w.-.s titrated with codium thi->sulfate. Determination of knowf. g.-.s mixtures gave results that were correct within 5#. -- Library Bull, of .Vests. (Universal '-ii Pr. .nets Co.), 131 204 (Dec-umber 22, 1543) , 138 .. oir.-ic na Sensitive Method for Esti-.:atin/t the Amount cf Carbon Monoxide in xh. Air. Gigon and M. lloverraz. Scnweia. Med. Vech., 72, 1o5-j.358 (Decem ber a, 1542). Poisoning by carbon .aonoxiuo is to the front, owing to the use of substitute fuels ir. motor cars and to the introduction of water gas into illuminating gas. Hence arises d call for a delicate muons for detecting this poison. Various methods in the past are reviewed ar.d rejected. Thca a method is described in which tho graduated photometer of rulfrich is used. By thi3 method it is claim ed th_t 1 part of carbon monoxide in 100,000 parts of air can bo aetectecLwith certainty. Thu air to be analysed must first be freed from all oxygen; this ia effected by hydrosulphite of sodium; then it is brought into contact withfa solu tion containing a known amount of hemoglobin. It is shaken for 10 to 15 minutes and r.,,xt centrifuged. The result is then examined with the photonettr* Itorking with.known concentrations of carbon monoxide a curve has been constructed show ing the amount cf carbon monoxide present according to the amount of light trans mitted. The method is simple and rapid; it allows for easy detection of concen trations between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 100,000. nbove 1 in 10,000 up to 1 in 200 it is better net to absorb the cxygen frm the sample being analysed. A concen-^ trution of 3 in 10,000 is the limit above which clinical symptoms of poisoning may appear, since in such an atmosphere after Z h-urs 30 per cent of the hemo globin beeernes combined with the carbon monoxide; at 30 to 40 per cent symptoms are liable te occur. 139 determination of Selenium Dioxide in the Air. M.E. Chernyi. *-him. Eeferat. -hur., 4_, 7 (1941) (Russian). Pass air through an absorber containing 25 cc. of water, transfer the solution to a 5C cc. measuring flask ana add _ sufficient amount of hydrochloric acid (d.l.ls) to make the acidity equal to 1:4. To -a known amount of the solution from the flask (20-5 cc.) in a cylinder or test tube add 1 cc. of 5# gua arabic solution and 1 cc. of 10# stannous chloride solution and determine the amount of selenium dioxide by the intensity of its color (comparing with standard solu tions). To moke a volumetric determination transfer the liquid from the absorber tc e. flask, add approximately 0.1 g. of sodium bicarbonate and 1 cc. of starch solution and C.0C25 N iodine solution fr.m a buret until a blue color, is obtained. Decolorize th_ solution with 1-2 drops cf 0.0025 H sodium thiosulfate solution, add -io cc. of C.CG25 N sodium thiosulfate solution, acidify the solution with 10 cc. of sulfurio acid (1:5) shake and titrate immediately with 0.0025 N iodine solution. Determine the amount of selenium dioxide from the difference between the number of cc. of iodine required for thiosulfate ion and that required for the titration. One cc. of 0.C025 N iodine solution corresponds to 0.0695 mg. of selenium dioxide. 0118374 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 21 O' 130 The Detection and Analysis of arsenic in V/cter Contaminated v:ith Chemical W'crf4S> lucnts. C.C. Ruchhoft, C.R. PIteak and 1. Cchott. I-ub. mcaith Repts., 58, uf 1751-1771 (December 3, 1943). ~ i This article describes methods v:hioh con to applied to the analysis of wnter f<4 the presence of contamination. by .rs^nic from ersc-ni cal chord cal warfare agents1? Limits of .omissible mounts of -arsenic arc given. A description of the method of wrcyarir-G samples and dstrdls of the Cutncit and molybdenum blue methods are ois'' included. 131 Gritical ?.-..view of Dust Scmnlinr Methods Employed in Vdtwctersr I. a*. V. n;u:.bre-cuts. j.Cham. Hct.Lin.Soc. io. /-.frica, 43, lcc-53 Geld aiines. --c.., z-.pril, This is thu author* s reply to t discussion of nis original paper (Abstract No. i4c, /-.pril, 1341). Thu discussion involves details of the methods .t counting samples, and comparisons of the koniaetor ana the themal precipitator. $ 132 Criteria of Lust Dstemir.ation. Effects of Particle-Deposition Technique. S.C. Blachtin. Cher., /^e, 48, 575-579 Uay lb, 1343). The author classifies and compares the most common types of dust-measuring appar 0 atus, the iconine-ter, jet dust counter, thermal precipitator, ij.ipinger, electrical precipitator and his ovn electrotcr a..tor. The discussion is mostly mat&aaatical, involving the relations between volume of air represented, area counted, cross- section of the particles and superposition of particles. The ordinary ulira- microscope and Blasktin's portable uitrardcroscope are also discussed briefly, 133 Discoloration Methods of Rating Air Filters. F.3, Rowley and R.C. Jordan. Beat., i-ip., &, .dr Cond., 15., 437-494 (Septenber, 1943). In addition to a review of the principal photometric methods used at present in rating air filters, the authors present a new method of determining the true dis coloration efficiency of air filters. The-theory of discoloration is analyzed. __ The term value is introduced in order to take into consideration the psychologi cal end physiolo.-lcal reactions of the- human eye in interpreting discoloration, without making a specific recommendation toward adopting any efficiency the authors present their research as a contribution to the collective knowledge on the subject. -- Authors' summary. 194 Ar. Apparatus for Measuring Air Flow During Inspiration. R.C. Lee and L. Silverman. Rev. Sci. Instruments. 14., 174-131 (June, 1943). k.aasurcnects of the rate of flow of :ir during inspiration is important in res piratory physiology and for the design of protective respiratory devices. Methods that have been used previously are described end their limitations explained. A new instrument was constructed for such measurements, which offers no appreciable, resistance to air flow. This instrument consists of a microscopic platinum wire suspended across the diameter of a 31. c. im. tube. One end of the wire is attach ed to a fixed point and the other end to a fine spring. The displacement of the wire when ir flows through the instrument is recorded photographically by a moving paper camera. Th6 deflection of the wire is linear with air flow, and its inertia, lag, :ad frequency of vibration do not interfere with respiratory measurements. A lov; resistance valve ana mask system complete the apparatus. .iUthors* summary. 03118375 rs c . - 3s - v: Industrial Hygiene Digest - 22 Control Methods 195 Trained to Free Gas. J.C. Faster. N't. 2 .fety News. 49, 14-15, 64 (fan.1944). 2 He cathiehem plant of 3<.title hen Steel Company has developed a school ana program for training employees in the use ana mui ntencr.ee of gas equipment, A building was constructed to meet tho needs of the course. In the class room the r.cn ore instructor in the theory of soft practice in gas filled aroas end in the use -ad servicing of gun detectors and oxygen ana canister masks. Finally comes actual practice in using the .tasks ir. an airtight chamber known as the "smoke" room* Members of the clr.su or. chosen from, the foremen end workers in the departments most likely to find need for this training and three courses are offered to meet requirements of various groups. Tacnty-gjrst Annual Acoort of the Safety in Mines Pose arch Board. 1942. London: K.M. ..'tntionory Office, 1943. k review of coal aunt explosions that have occurred since stone-dusting was gen erally adopted 2C years or so ago leads to a rc-emphasizing of the need for gen erous .'tone-dusting in pits, end for tho thorough mixing of the stone-dust with the coal dust. Good supervision over the state of the dust in roadways la necess ary. A bad standard of admixture came to light after one explosion* Foe the most dangerous ousts tho current requirement is that the minimum percentage of incombustible m-tter, intimately mixed with the coal dust, shall be 65$, but ?5l, is desirable for seme coal ousts. The two dusts must be well-mixed. Exper iments show that an explosion cannot be relied upon to bring about'the necessary idmixture before the flame arrives. rotor dust extractor has been used to re move 'ultra-fine particles from the stone dust, thus, as tests show, increasing its dispensability. A six-shot safe exploder for multi-shot firing is now pro duced commercially, ^ni tho development of a tv/elve-shot safe exploder is proceed; ing. The presence of a. little ammonium chloride dust, or a small amount of undotunated explosive, can bring about a striking reduction in the ignition tem perature of firedamp (from 70COC. down to 430 or 370C.). Bactericidal fiction of Propylene Glycol Vapor on Micro-Organisms in Air. II. In fluence of Various Factors on Activity of Vapor. T.T. Puck, O.E. Robertson and N.ai. Lemon. J. Exper. ied., 78, 367 (November, 1943). Puck and nis associates state that pneumococci, honolytic streptococci, staphylo cocci, Haemophilua influenzae and ether organisms, as well as influenza virus, v.hen sprayed into atmospheres containing propylene glycol vapors wore killed so rapidly that no micro-organisms or virus could be recovered from the test cham ber. Propylene and triethylene glycols are relatively nontoxic and in vapor form are odorless, tasteless and nonirritating to the respiratory mucosa. The authors studied factors which influence or limit the action of propylene glycol vapor. The killing process was more effective when both the total number of air borne droplets and the number of organisms in tho bacterial suspension were small. /, tc.v.cr-.ture below F,---,nd on ctmcspheric relative humidity between 4L and 70 ;cr cc-nt -.verr: found to constitute the most favorable conditions for the lethal action of the vapor. Equally strong bactericidal action waa obtained when propylene glycol was dispersed in an 600 cubic foot room as occurred in chambers of 2 cubic foot capacity. Susceptibility to vapor notion of bacteria resuspended in saliva was just as great as when troth was used as tho suspending medium. Beth partially and completely dehydrated bacteria succumbed to the effects of the vapor. When unsterilo dust collected from inhabited rooms was dispersed into the air, little reduction of the natural microbic population 03118376 KmBB-i]u3/760 a _< Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 vO *- contained in this materiel '-as ob.cerved. The minimum glycol concentration nece^t ary for effective bactericidal action cu various micro-organisms was as follows: Ineuraococci were killed by amounts of propylene glycol as low as 1 urn. ir. 20 1 million cc. of air; concentrations of 1 to 5 million to 1 to 10 million v:ero re" caired to produce the sane degree of killing of streptococci -.nd staphylococci. * 193 The Organic Industrial Solvents in Terms of Their Fire Hazards. V.las ton. Ir.i. ih_d., 12, =4 7-049 (October, 1942). Fl-mr.atility ratings for a number of solvents ore tabulated, together with sever'1 other properties, including flash point volatility, ignition temperature, vapor density and lower explosive limit. When flurxi-ible solvents arc being used ..here vapors arc likely to be present, care must be taken to eliminate nil sources cf fire, flame or sparks, hi so, the equipment nust be grounded, and maple ven tilation cr.i fire extinguishing equipment must be maintained. Workers should be instructed in the hazards of their -work and in preventing and extinguishing fires. 199 1-orsonr.el and Safety. Campbell and E.C. Mabon. Eng. & Mining J., 144. 115-122 (k.Tember, 1943). The ..ark of the personnel department of the Ecgle-Picher Lead Co., which con trols the insurance, safety and necicul departments, is fully described. It in cludes tho porsomel system, physical examinations, first-aid, compensation, safety me .stores and combating health hazards. Thu hiring syotem involvea^tha use of a card for each employee, v.hc retains a card of the same number through- . ut his -ark for the company, -whether continuous or net. From the foreman's records the company hc.s a complete record of the employee^ experience, exposure and all other data. In the physical examination a high standard is necessary, and cards arc not issued to those suffering frer. syphilis, heart trouble, severe ly defective vision, hernia, communicable diseases, arthritis of the spine, or any condition that -would create a hazard. There is no first-aid department, ex cept for the treatment of very small burns. For even a slight injury, the work- r.a:. iz required to report to his foreman and transportation is furnished at once -- to the company physician. He is returned to his work if the doctor so directs, with no loss of pay for time. The authors and other company officials believe experience has justified this method as better than first-aid treatment which is :ften given by inexperienced and incompetent employees. In compensation cases, full information is taken at the first visit and follow-up reports are made un til the man returns to work. The company is a self-insuror, and has found tho practice successful. Many safety measures have been introduced, among those men tioned being a device for preventing premature explosions in blasting. The in dustrial hygiene department has ar. -n(p.necr on full time making dust counts and tests for other toxic materials in the nines. The standard dust count is main tained at 3 million particles per cubic foot, the dust being approximately 80# free ailica. Wet drilling is used, and water is used extensively to combat dust. Workers in the lead smelter are supplied two clean respirators daily. 200 Tentative Vituminosis- and Lignite-Mine Inspection Standards. Revised September, 1942. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Inf. Cir., 7268. (December, 1943). 54pp. Obtain able from U.B. Bureau of Mines, Div. of Information, Washington, D. C. Tentative coni mine inspection standards were published in Information Circular 7204 in February, 1942. Tho war has brought about tho need of revision, on account of shortages of some materials, need of additional standards, and condi tions not then foreseen. Every phase of cool mining is covered in the standards, including protection against fires ana dust explosions, control of dust, venti lation. 03118377 0 r?'7'\ Industrial Hygiene -Digest - 24 CNl "O 201 Ventilation cf the Climax Mine. L.K. Clanville. Tech. Publication No. 1540. ''* Via. Inst. Mir.. &. Met. Engrs., Mining Tech., January, 1942. 11 to. ts The ventilation system of the mine of the Climax Molybdenum Company,developed since 1934, is described. Under the- prevailing atmospheric conditions heat humidity are supplied with the ventilation by means of hot water sprays. The main fans are 7-foot, axial flow, low pressure exhausting' units. Dust is preciS pitatod by fogging sprays and .jntreppod by impingement on the dampened perimeter of the airway. Auxiliary fans and auxiliary dust control are used in special localities. The time, effort ana expense that have ^ono into the ventilation program are paying dividends in increased safety of mine operation -and production Industrial Medical Practice 202 Fublic Health and 5cor.oir.ic aspects of Pneumonia - A Comparison with Prc-sulfonernide Yours. H.2. Ungerleider and others. Am.J.Pub.Health, 9_, 1093-1102 (Septci .ber, 1943). The object oi' the study was to ascertain whether sulfonamide therapy has^had any effect or. public health aspects of pneumonia comparable to the remarkabl^ changes observed in treatment of individual cases. An anlysis was made of pneunwjUa ex perience among large group of industrial workers carrying group health and life insurance with the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United State*, and a comparison was made between the pro-sulfonamide years 1935-1937 and the period from January 1, 1939 to June 1, 1942. The investigation showed a reduction in the case fatality rate from an average of 20.8 per cent to 3.9 por cent and a decrease in the total duration of illness from the modal (most frequent) period of 33 days to 27 days in 1941. It is estimated that 25,000 lives were saved annually and over a million working days. Seasons for a slight increase in the incidence of pneumonia are discussed. The increase in the number of cases of "atypical" or virus pneumonia is given as a possible cause. 203 An Accroach to Syphilis in Industry. E.G. Baxter. Ohio State Med. J.f 39, 441443 (May, 1943). Other than actual blood testing which should be done at least annually, the "follow-up" is felt to be of the greatest importance. Everything is for naught if the patient does not receive the proper therapy over a sufficient period of time, and this responsibility is rightly placed in the hands of the plant physi cian, More education concerning venereal diseases could be practiced in indus try, but it must be of a high type. Saphasis should be placed on the fact that the various public health clinics are at the disposal of patients with low in come. And of great importance is the maintenance of a close relationship between industrial and non-industrial physicians in studying and cooperating on the cesea referred to them. 204 Present Day Influences in Industrial Health. C. Leggo. Ohio State Med. J., 39, 526-529 (J uno, 19 4o). The author does not utter:,pt to offer a program for industrial health, but rather to present a perspective cf the forces which have been influencing the field. Included ir. his discussion are the development of compensation insurance, the importance of personnel departments in industrial plants, the function of the Council of Industrial Health, activities of the industrial nurse, and studies of environment, and promotion of bettor health conditions. 03118378 HW&r-!ieB776.i Industrial Hy.iene Digest - 25 205 absence Due to Sickness. D.L. Lynch. Ind. lied., 12, 575-582 (September, 194; Ot'2 duty accident liabilities are more prevalent than occupational disability accidents and diseases combined. Disabling sickness, as shown by statistics, increased and consequent involuntary industrial absence is unavoidable. This nance is more frequent and of longer duration among women than it is in men. Certain relations of sickness disability ore correlated in a series of ^raohs and charts. The author is hopeful of the situation of absenteeism ana believes that by encouragement of the worker, by leadership and by good medical service ?:e can moke fregressive, forward strides. 20i l.-.n.-erous Occupation; Psychosomatic Illness; and Morale.__A Study Based on In cog-.citation Disorders in Underground Miners. John Holliday. Psychosomatic Lied. 5, VI-83 (J-mu-ary, 1345). This study presents a picture, clinical and statistical, of tho psychor.eurotic ' nd psychosomatic disorders of underground miners, showing that their incidence rose steadily in the intor-war period of 1918-1939. Rather than a disorder pecu liar to miners on account of the danger in their occupation, as some think, the author believes that such disorders were common to workers of all kinds, and nay be described in toms of declining social health -md morale and social disinte a gration. However with the positive needs of war facing people there appears a definite and in view and a vision of better times tc come. The author believes that the peak of the wave of cultural degeneration has now probably been passed. 207 yssenti.-ls and Organization of Industrial Health Services. C.M. Peterson. Ohio State Med. J., 39, 543-545 (June, 1943). At the present time the essentials of an industrial health service aro believed to be as follows: (1) a competent physician, (2) industrial nurses, (3) indus trial hygiene service, and (4) a sound health program. These essential# are fur ther eriumcrated and discussed. The problem is far from simple, but certain methods of approach which have presented theosolvos are: (1) creation of public interest, (2) provision of competent professional and allied personnel to meot increased demands, end (3) better local organization. 208 ;..aR&p..j.-.'jnt*s Rolo in Industrial Nursing. J.J. Bloomfield. Ind. Med., 12j 793SCO (November, 1943). The nurse's participation in the industrial health program is governed primarily by management's policy toward the health program and industrial hygiene services as a whale. Functions of industrial nursing are discussed. If management has a clear understanding of the most effcctivo type of industrial health program and also definite policies and standards regarding the duties of nurses in industry, then one can depend upon the nurse to fulfill in a creditable manner all respon sibilities assigned to her. 09 3ack Strain in Industry. H.G. Murray. Ind. Mod., 12. 730-731 (November,1943). A study of industrial back injuries over a 10-yoar period shows that the total lost time per yeur caused by bock strains is only five weeks per year, in a fac tory employing an average of 2200 persons -- half men and half women. Except for two unusual and doubtful back cases, the total lost time per year i3 only two and one-half weeks. Only 19 of the 87 persons who sustained back strains lest any time- from their factory duties. It would seem from this .experience that back strains as a cause of lost time in industry hnvo had far more atten tion from industrial physicians and safety men than is warranted. 210 The Treatment of Chemical Burns. C.P.G. h'ekeley. Cheat. Products. _6, 20-22,31 (1343). The use of triple dye jelly in nitric acid and phosphorus burns is described. 03118379 <:) .1 o 0) yrr) Industrial Hygiene Digest - 26 211 Intravenous Novocaine for Analgesia in Burns. R.A. Gordon. Ccnad. U.A.J., 49j 4?3-4dl (December, 1943). The pain occasioned by burned patients subject to much transportation and the so first dressing may cause extreme exhaustion which contributes to the developme-3 of shock. Intravenous use of D.2& novocaine in Sji glucose- solution in saline js found to suppress the pain and allow proper debridgomeat. The quantities used-* in 10 described cases varied from CO cc. to 500 cc., -with the action of the * novocaine lusting from 2 to 12 hours. No untoward reactions v<cro demonstrable. 212 Phosphates in the Therapy of Chemical Burns. E. Poser ana E. Haas. J.A.M.A., 123. 30-151 (November 6, 1943). The customary tnerapy of chemical turns has definite disadvantages, particularly when such sensitive tissues as the cornea arc involved. Certain unphysioiogic antidotes are much too acidic or alkaline for treatment of vulnerable tissues. In the past, burns due to acids cr buses required different antidotes, and valu able time may have bean lost in eliciting the toxic agent or in getting the pro per knowledge of the chemistry of the offending substance. A phosphate buffer of monobasic potassium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate is recommended for chemical burns for it can be used equally well in acid or base neutralization. It can. be employed safely in high concentrations to assure rapid and penetrating neutralization. 213 The Treatment of Hydrofluoric Acid Burns. Illinois Med. J., 84, 280-28l4lOcto ber, 1343). | Hycrox'luoric acid burns may have u variable period of latency depending Mpon the concentration of the acid. First aid measures center about a liberal flfcUag v/ith water. Calcium gluconate is injected into, under and around bursg^lt pre vent spreading and to relieve pain. General treatment is discussed in 'time detail. 214 The Treatment of Burns by the Pressure Ointment Method. 0. Meyer. Ind. Med., 12, 727-728 (November, 1343). The treatment of burns has two objectives, the restoration of destroyed tissue, and the prevention of infection. The first objective is achioved by tbs applica tion of suitable dressings impregnated with medication which promote the cleans ing of the wound, the formation of granulation tissue, and clso to alleviate pain. The danger of infection is increased mainly by one factor, the presence of thrombosed veins in tho burned areas. The only way to prevent infection of thethrombosod small veins is to apply pressure locally. Furthermore, pressure is ths simplest and most effective way to remove pain which is due mainly to con gestion. The ideal method of treatment is therefore the application of a pres sure bandage. Their use is discussed and a few cases are reviewed. 215 Prevention and Treatment of Infections of the Hand. V.E. Siler. Indiana State Med. Assn. J., 36, 334-339 (July, 1943). Industrial statistics show that infections of the hand font tho major injuries which load to partial and permanent disabilities. An attempt is made to renew many of the factors in industry which, if corrected, would to a large extent aid in the prophylactic treatment of these infections. Certain definite principles of treatment should be followed: (1) promote localization of the infection, (2) provide adequate drainage onco localization has occurred, (3) sterilize the infected area, (4) cover tho raw surface, and (5) restore function in the best and soonest possible manner. Four types of infection are discussed in some de tail: (1) focal superficial infection, (2) the felon, (3) acute spreading in fection, .'and (4) acute suppurative tenosynovitis and fascial space abscess. 03118380 -- n 3 -Pp. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 27 Elc Neil Puncture Viouncs. J.F. McDonnell and others. T.A.M.A., 123, 394-895 (December 4, 1943). The care of nail puncture wounds in industry is important, especially in const tion projects; and in a muddy environment the injuries become mere ccmnon, end the danger of infection mere acute. In a nine month period of much rein 7C1 m were treated at a construction job with good results. The average disability as only C.072 day cor injury. The technic of treatment consisted of (a) clea ir.g the outside of the wand, {fc) trimming skin flaps and wound edges, (c) prob ing to the bottom of the wound, (d) irrigating with antiseptic solution from the bottom cf the wound - hydrogen peroxide solution recommended, and (e) dry, ster ile drossir.?. Tetanus antitoxin was given in 54.4f. of the cases and it was used vhen punctures were exceptionally deep or showed gross contamination or signs of ini'ectioa. In no patient dd tetanus develop. Local infection developed in 43 cf the 721 patients, six of the 43 had infection severe enough to lose 3.16 days cn the overage. The low 'Usability i3 attributed to (1) the cooperation cf em ployees in coming in immediately for treatment and (2) proper cleansing of the vrouni. 217 The Eeturn of the Puhnotor as a "Pe3uscitator." Y. Henderson. Science. 98, c47-51 (December 24, 1943). The- article presents a critical discussion of the use of positive suction de vices for the restoration of breathing. He recommends prone pressure with a simple iadulator as an auxiliary device. I / 218 Treatment of the Injured Workman. K.E. Griffiths. Lancet, No. 6250, 768-733 {June 12, 1943). The importance of prolonged exercise in the rehabilitation of the injured worker is discussed. To make such exercise possible without inducing fatigue, the exercises should be based upon established reflex action: at first tha funda mental reflexes, then tbs conditional reflexes, and finally impulsive action. Psychological effort must be reduced to a minimum end normality must ba encour aged. Pull rehabilitation of the man depends largely upon the offorta of the surgeon. 219 Successful report once with Handicapped Workers. 3.R. Breech. Executives Serv. Bull., (Mctrs-c tan Life Ins. Co., ! 21_, 1-2 (November; 1943). Ir. a ho rapid expansion of the Bcndix Aviation Corporation for war work it was necessary to employ workers with various handicaps, ana in the new Chicago plant nearly .11 the workers had handicaps, not only deafness and blindness, but ab normal size due to pituitary defects, atrophied limbs, high blood pressure, her nia, heart murmurs, tuberculosis on--uiebetes. Instead of applying a blanket physical standard, the standard is adjusted to tho jou- This procedure required careful 3tudy and the plan had to be soia to the supervisory staff. In general it called for much effort on he part of many people, but its success is proved by record production at the plant, with only one lost-time accident, which happened to. a nor.-handicapped worker. 03118381 ? &B$00O ;76S HWBB-H0H//66 w - --1 --- -------V --r- _ J -< : Absenteeism 205 Accidents statistics 148 Air analysis 134-135 carbon mcnoxidel87-138 selenium dioxide 139 Aluminum lung effects 166 Analysis thallium in biological material 177 Anoxia in- aviators 143 Arsenic and vitamins 167 determination 190 maximum allowable con- centrations 172 Asbestos and carcinoma 183 Asthma from vegetable gums 152 Back injuries 209 Book reviews end notices 140-141-142 Burns hydrofluoric acid 213 treatment 210-211-212-214 Cable rash 131 Cancer from oxidized fats 151 Carbon tetrachloride poisoning 179 Carcinoma experimental 150 Coal mines inspection standards . 200 Common cold oral vaccines 157 Dermatitis from choose dust 153 from developers 156 in explosives manufac ture 154 prevention 155 Disinfection of air propylene glycol 197 mist (February, 1944) Dust control mines 201 Dust counting techni;ues 192 Dust filters testing 193 Lust sampling methods 191 Electric furnace fumes 146 Zye injuries 160-161 shipyards 159 Fire hazards solvents 198 Glass wool 144 Handicapped workers utilization of 219 Hydrogen fluoride use in alkylation plants 165 Industrial gas training 195 Industrial health factors in 204 Kerato coniune tivitis 156 Lend maximum allowable conccn- trations 170 Load exposures in printing 169 Luminous dial paint 175 Magnesium foundries health aspects 145 Maternity policies 164 Medical services industrial 207 Mental hygiene in miners 206 Mercurialisn eye effects 162 Mercury / maximum allowable ccncen- trations 171 Methylene chloride flammability 149 Mining industry health end safety 199 Mortle and music 163 Nursing industrial 208 Phosgene detection 186 Pneumoconiosis Munsfcld copper nines 182 Pneumonia statistics 202 Radium painting hazards ana precautions 174 Rehabilitation injured workers 218 Respiration measuring air flow 194 Resuscitation 217 Rock dusting in mines 196 Styrene production health protection 180 Sucrose octaacetat# 17# Thallium determination of 178 Toxicity of metals intravenous studies 168 Venereal diseases industrial responsibility 203 Welding fumes 147 Wounds infection 215-216 Xylene maximum allowable con centrations 173 03118382- ! -- -1 ' V' 4> < HUB6-0007734