Document MJkMZ2mEx37rxqMVVVp7q20gx

CLAIMED PRIVILEGED BY OCF Kay 31, 1944 Mr. U. E. Bowes Dlreotor of Reaearoh RE: Owens-Illinois Class Company Toledo, Ohio Hydrous Calcium Sllloate Anlaal Experiments C *> * O o,-a v *> b V v f - fa fa IkO 3 fa * "oiSoS i nSSa-:..3 3'h* Dear Mr. Bowes:. Z an only Just now in a position to submit a final report on the results of our animal assay of the physiological effects of your product designated "Hydrous Calcium Silicate". As received the material vas too coarse for animal in jection tests. After further reduction in sice it proved to be quite toxio when injected into guinea pigs so that it was.necessary to re peat many of the tests. However, enough animals survived for a suf ficient period eo that the general characteristics of the tissue react 1TM. could be evaluated. Such reaction had none of the appearances of a eilloosis but did resemble aebestosis. One would conclude that if the dust of this material vert ground sufficiently fine to be inhaled in appreciable quantities it would probably produce a pulmonary disease simulating aebestosis. Ecv- ever, the ap^nded data Indicate that in the samples submitted the particle else of the components was such that inhalation of most of the oonponents would be difficult. You are in a better position than we to knovr whether these samples are representative of the air-borne dust in your plant. Zn my opinion the duet of this ^hydrous calcium silicate" is potentially dangerous if in processing the material the partlole 6lce is reduced considerably below that in the samples submitted. The appended report oontalns details of the physical and ohenleal characteristics of the dust samples and of the animal tests made to test its physlologlo&l aotlvity. Z enolose a statement for our eervioea. Very truly yours. LUO:RH Leroy U. Gardner, M. D. Dlreotor 08 006 1052 P. 8. Zf you could refer me to any literature on the effects of water o. asbestos and its subsequent gelation it would be appreciated. CLjl'TVrPRlVli-. r B* OCF On February 2, 1943 ve reoelved fron Owens Illinois Glass Co., two samples of a new produot designated as *Eydrous Caloluo Silicate* for aacay of physiological hazard of Inhalation of Inhaled dust. They were labeled respectively Sander Dust* and "Rotoolone DUBt.* Preliminary inspection indicated thet they were Rlxtures of parti culate and fibrous n&toriels, .the letter having the characteristics of asbestos. A combined petrogrnphlo and X-ray diffraction analysis re vealed the following approximate compositions: ROTOCLOT?E DU3T a I o s: hi 0<k X, * 3 o 9 . hV DIOM fis:5*m etr -- b m9 *v as:> Quartz S-RAg PETROGRAPHIC APPROXIMATE SIZE ETC. 12*" 20 to 30* 6 to 00 nlcrono. Little leas than 10. C&lclte 3 10 to 20 Altered (by heat?) Glass? - 10 Chrysctlle (Asbestos) 25 40 Few single fibres less than 50 microns More less than 20 clerons. Most of th clruTlc fibres nore than 100 nicrona. Much in unopened bundles. Hydrated Ca Silicate 50 -- Dlatonlte Trace SANDER DUO? Quartz 7.5* 5 to 10* 6 to 120 microns C&lclte 3 10 Altered Fibres Chryaotile 25 Hood -- -- 20 to 40 Sinllar to that frou rotoolone Coarse,matted together Hydrated Ca Silicate 25 to35? 08 006 1053 AT1IKAL ASSAYS CLAIMED PRIVILEGED BY OCF co p la d , accordance be In not to axcept C o n fid e n tia l In fo rm a tio n , reproduced o r d is trib u te d Produced w id e r C ourt O rder In le r t v . Queue The naterial as received was too coarse to be injected into anlnals and had to be reduced to proper particle size. Grinling was not feasible owing to the presence of ohrysotile whose structure and irritating properties are destroyed by prolonged grinding. Ve were therefore cenpolled to reduce it by prolonged cutting with scissors, sieving through a 200 nesh screen and adjusting the proportion of flbree and particulate natter in the product to that of the original 6peo inarm. Portions of each sanple were oadc up in physiological salt solution in strengths of 5 and 10,*? fer guinea pig injection. The pH cf the rotoclone sample was 7.5 which should cause no tissue irritation. That of the sander dust vs 0 which is too alkaline to be veil tolerated. The 10 suspensions were injsoted intrcperitcrmally, a single dose of 2 o.c. ie. 500 eg of dust. The 5^ suspensions were administered directly Into the lungs by tracheal catheter, 5 dcseo of 0.5 c.c each at intervals of 6 days, a total of 75 ag of dust. Intra-perltoneal ln.1ectlon3 of neither sample were well received; 60J* of those treated with the rotoclone sample died within 2 to 3 weeks and 80S of the ones getting the eander dust were dead in 0 days. All these pig*, showed acute inflammatory changes about masses of dead cells where large aoousulatlons of the diat had localized. The early result could not be evaluated exoept for the fact that it never oocuro after the Injection of quartz or asbestos alone. However, there were 3 aninala that survived for 8 nonthe, 2 receiving rotoclone dust and one, sender dust. In neither of then was there any suggestion of silicosis on gross or nldrosoopio exanlnatlon. An asbeetotlo change is not 08 000 1054 C o n fId o n tio l ln lo re o tIo n , n o t to bo coplod, re p ro d u c e d o r d lo t r lb u t o d e x c e p t In s c c o rd i' w ith th lo C o u rt e o rd o r. ANIMAL ASSAYS COAT'D CLAIMED PRIVILEGED BY OCF reoognlsable outside of the lunge end henoe would not be oxpeotad in this group. Intratracheal in .lections were somewhat better tolerated parti- % cularly in the case of the rotoolone sample where there were only 2 deaths among C animals ant these occurred 6 to 10 nonths after con- pletlng the injections. Of the s&nder dust animals 3 died of acute reaction during the period of lnjeotion, presumably on account of the s I, S a|j - > h U % II 3] ll `s high alkalinity. One was killed 1 month ami another 4 months after completing the injections. Both samples produced fibrosis within anu ubout the terminal bronchioles in all animals surviving for 1 Lionth or more. This reaction vaa generally comparable to th:*.t observed on injecting pure chrysotllo asbestos. Typical asbsrtosls bodies were present in email numbers end the distribution of the lesions vc.c typical of injection asbestosls. The only difference was a tendency for the fibrous tissue to be more dense and soue'-'hst hyelinisec after Z to 10 o/4 months. This effect is probably attributable to the quarts in the mixture. Nothing suggestive of silicotic nodular fibrosis oould be discovered either within the lunge or the associated tracheobronchial lymph noses. Summary: After further reduction in 6lse the two samples of this mixture of asbestos, wood fibre, quarts and hydrated calolua silicate is toxic on intraperltoneal and Intratracheal injection into guinea pigs. The high alkalinity of the eauder dust probably accounts for the earlier deaths in the case of intraperltoneal injection where a large dose is concentrated in a localised cavity and absorption Is rapid. However, the deferred deaths from the rotoclone sample with a pH of only 7.5 sug gests some other injurious property. 08 00B 1055 s . v . Owen M lcop;io d In S ort nDo tSO tCo 3 bDo r o . rS o O lo tt fMCoo.ru rMto fcC>nSryo *TMw lulidcMoiSdn tHubn4dreIar lnl i i (5) CLAI^O PRIVILEGED ei ocf AKIMA!- ASSAYS COTTD The chronlo effeots in the few anlnals surviving for a oonth or core are .apparently duo to the fibrous cocponents of the duet and their nature Indicates that asbestos Is responsible. This Is sonevhat notified either by previous treatuent of water or by the associated quartz but there ic nothing evocative of silicotic nodular fibresis. If the hydrous oalclun silicate has any part in the picture such part is not recognizable. Whether sanufacture or use cf this product would ever reduce particle size to the extent that v:e have done is outside of the province of this study, if it ci~.ov.lu a potential hazard would be created. How ever, study of the tvo aar.plec eubaittre. sunijerts that aost of the asbestos fibre is either very long or is composed of unopened bundles of fibre, neither one of which is readily inhalsble. Leroy 'J. Gardner, h. D. Diractcr, Saranac Laboratory 08 006 1056