Document MGbXvJ5ZJa3avV5qxJnQpn7M

i?:1 LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AND SALT By A. St o l l 1 SUMMARY ..Combined sales of lead and zinc pigments and zinc salt ecreased 3 per cent in quantity and 7 per cent in value, as 'th 1926. Sales of two of the lead pigments--red lead bed blue lead--were slightly larger than in 1925; sales of fj.the zinc pigments increased--this was lithopone and the 9 2.<p6e,enrbecuretanltlt^y.elodewcererasseelliinngtheprpicreicsespeorf steovnerparleovfathileedpriondu1c9t2s6 all. The lowel' prices of lead pigments were coincident w flotations on pig lead. Prices of high-grade zinc oxide and one responded to the pressure of keen competition. The " ig prices of leaded zinc oxide and of the zinc salts sho "crease over those of 1925. PRODUCTION ..In this chapter the pigments and salts sold are taken to ' e production, no account being taken of the stocks on ha ^ginning and end of the year. "The amounts used by pro Air own plants are included under sales. The total valu lid zinc pigments and zinc salts sold byidomestic producer as approximately $106,253,000, as compared with $114,0 26 and $105,822,000 in 1924. . pigments sold by domestic manufacturers in the United States, in short tons Yoar 1 Whito lead Dry In oil Basic lead sulphate or sublimed lead White Blue Rad load Oran mine 917. 27,869 87,331' 8,231 1,309' 25,478 918. 20, 089 82, 799 7,403 1,343 30.069 919. 30, 086 109,006 9,068 1, 360 32,363 33.678 112,017 12,412 '928 84.431 26,738 143, 646 11,668 463 21,806 3 41, 698 163,393 13,766 972 80,609 :3 37,786 126,087 11,949 800 88,037 42,622 144,872 14,672 1,088 86,813 3 43,426 120,479 14,996 1,090 41,669 8 37,968 111,846 12,271 1,236 ,42,660 6 . Figures (or red lead include orange mineral prior to 1921. ) Figures on imports and ozports compiled by J, A. Dorsey, o( the Bureau of Mines, from au of Foreign and Domestic Commeroe. ISgSSi 218 MINERAL RESOURCES, 12G---- PART I LEAD AND ZINO PIGMENTS AND SALTS Lead pigments sold by domestic manufacturers in the United Stales, 1926-26 1026 1(M'1 Short tons Value (nt plant, oxclusivo of container) Total Avcrnge tons VfUuo (Rt plant, oxclu-slve of container) Total Avorage' Basic load sulphate or sublimed lead: White................................................. Blue.................................................... Bed lead.................................................... Orange mineral...................................... Litharge..................................................... White load: Dry...................................................... In oil................................................... 14, 006 1,000 41,660 840 86,646 43, 426 120, 470 $2,602, 069 210, 933 9,445, 527 237,408 18, 687,399 8,022, 977 31,362, 778 $180 104 227 283 216 199 260 12, 271 1,236 42, 660 813 82, 640 37,068 111, 846 $2, 221, llf. 226,070 0,181,072 . 220,364 10,304,470 7,611,008 28,662,088 $181 182 216 282 108 108 266 SOURCE r The following table gives the quantity and source of the Tunc contained in the pigments and salts produced in th States in 1925 and 1926. It will be noted that the lead c pie lead pigments is derived largely (94 per cent in both ye pig lead; that the zinc content of the zinc figments is deriv [from domestic zinc ore, slab zinc furnishing the metal i rorocess zinc oxide; and that the zinc in zinc salts is deriv [fcbm secondary materials--zinc ashes, skimmings, drosses, janizers' scrap. fetal content of lead pigments and zinc pigments and salts produced ' ' manufacturers, 1926-26, by sources, in short ions 1925 192 Statistics for lead arsenate and lead acetate are collected biennially by the Bureau of the Census for odd years; figures for 1925 are as follows: Load arsenate, 5,969 short tons, valuod at $1,777,552, and lead acetate, 1,251 short tons, valued at $359,686. Zinc pigments and salts sold by domestic manufacturers in the United States, 1917-\ 1926, in short ions f Source [y Lead In pig ments 1 Zlno Pig ments Salts Lead In pig ments 1 Pig men Domestic ore............................................................ fMetal........................................................................... [Secondary material *............................................ 17,647 266,004 273,611 110,564 33,581 11,714 166,849 673 453 10,928 12,054 13,686 240,902 1,029 265,616 127, 32, 12, 172, Year Zinc oxide Leaded zinc oxide Lithopone Zinc chlo ride (60 Bautnfe) Zinc sulphate 1017 1018 1010 1020. 1021 1022. 1023. 1024. 1025. M029. 107,686 100,286 117,630 09,444 74,329 128,465 126,987 131,470 151,354 146,923 23,450 26,714 27,691 30,460 16,103 19,613 23,604 26,720 31,760 23,869 63,713 62,403 78,366 89,373 65,016 83,300 98,190 109,469 146,019 169,931 (>) 0) * 69,228 *08,945 69,457 41,627 42,431 61,064 46,019 45,724 (0 < ) . 1 2,763 >3,072: 3,205 6,078,' 5,375 4,674. 6,332 3,640' 1 No canvass. 1 Figures covor production, not sales. Zinc pigments and salts sold by domestic manufacturers in the United States, ' 1926-26 1025 Short tODS Value (at plant, exclu sive of container) Average Short tons Value (at plant, exclu sive of container) Average Zinc oxide ............................ Leaded 7.iuc oxide 1............ Lithonono.............................. Zinc chloride, 60 Bauni6 Zinc sulphate........................ 161,364 31,760 145, 010 46,610 6,332 $21,441,347 3, 060,282 16,186,147 2, 003,828 260,703 $142 126 105 44 61 140,023 23,860 160,031 46,724 3,040 $20,330,633 3,110,642 10, 002,107 2,160, 682 106,107 1 Zlno oxide contalnlng.6 per cent or more of lend Is classed as leaded zinc oxide. $113380 100 4637\ ** Includes also lead recovered in zinc oxide and leaded zlno oxide. The metal content of le Lii4 arsenate is not available, as no oanvass of their produetion Is made by the Bureau of M lover, these salts are derived from pig lead, and their metal content has already been taken iocount in the figures covering lead production. ft* Zinc ashes, skimmings, drosses, and old metal, PREPARATION AND USES Lead and zinc pigments and salts are made both from and from the metals. Basic lead carbonatd| or white lead lead oxides--litharge, red lead, and orange mineral--are m f.iig lead, as are also the lead salts; basic lead sulphate, or lead, is made directly from ore. ' White lead is the oldest of the white pigments used in'o [fcnd was for many years; the only white pigment so used. - ceed by chemical corrosion of metallic lead. The oldest: iidely used method of manufacture is the old Dutch proce i'long and painstaking; the Carter process consumes a sho in manufacture and is used successfully but not-so widely a 'Dutch process. The electrolytic process is used at one pla [United States. Other processes have been tested and pu ercial use, especially in foreign countries. 'Basic lead sulphate, or sublimed lead, is a fine pigment olatilizing powdered galena at a high temperature in con , ,ir which oxidizes it to basic sulphate. The resultant fum lected in bags. Two forms of this pigment are produced-- and "blue"--the former by complete, the latter by partial o t- Litharge, or lead monoxide, is made from pig lead. The [lnelted in a furnace in the presence of air and the skim o " yhich forme is recovered.' According to the method empl inished product is either in the form of a fine yellowish pow teddieh-brown flakes. ; 220 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1020---- PART I LEAP AM 11 ZINO PIGMENTS ANP SALTS Red lead is prepared by burning litharge in the muffle furnace to form a higher oxide of a brilliant scarlet or orange red color. Orange mineral has the same composition as red lead and is pro duced from white lead by burning. Lead pigments have many uses. The principal ones are: In th paint and rubber industries; in the manufacture of storage batteries in making glass, pottery, enamel, tile, linoleum, printing inks, an for artists' colors. ' Zinc oxide and lithopone are white zinc pigments that hold im portant places in a number of industries. The zinc oxide of commerce ;s divided generally into two classes, according to whether it is mad by the American or the French process. As the name implies,. American process zinc oxide originated in this country, where itk, manufacture has been carried on for 75 years. In this process the /.inc oxide is made from zinc ore, which is roasted, then treated in reducing furnaces in which metallic zinc is vaporized, and the zino /apor is oxidized by contact with an excess of air. The white fume >o formed is collected in bag houses. American process zinc oxide s of two types--one that is commercially load frco and one that ontains from 5 to 35 per cent of lead sulphate. The latter type is nmmonly known as leaded zinc oxide. French process zinc oxide, irst used extensively in France, is also produced in the United States) nit not to the extent that the American process zinc oxide is made; it is made by the vaporization of metallic zinc, rather than zinc ore, i nd the oxidation of the vapors. Zinc'oxide made by this process 3 the highest grade and is used where an extremely bright oxide is. required. Zinc oxides are used in many industries, but chiefly id1 the rubber and paint industries, which,-it has been estimated, absorb ' bout 90 per cent of the output of the zinc oxides. They are also used in the manufacture of pottery, glass, oilcloth, printing inks polishes, and medicinals and cosmetics. Lithopone is a dense white pigment formed by mixing purified solutions of barium sulphide and zinc sulphate and calcining th$ ' osulting precipitate of barium sulphate and zinc sulphide. It passes hrough a number of processes before it is ready for market, and i generally graded according to the use to which it is to be put., i t is the newest of the pigments here mentioned, but its use has pread rapidly, and its desirable characteristics have brought it into ;reat demand, especially in the manufacture of paints and enamels ud to'a less degree in the manufacture of rubber goods, oilclot" nd_linoleum, window shades, and printing inks. ' Zinc chloride is formed by the direct combination of zinc witij hlorine, or, more generally, by the action of hydrochloric acid upon he metal. Zinc sulphate is prepared either by the action of sulphuri ' ;cid on zinc or by the treatment of zinc sulphide ore. The sulphating >r Coolbaugh process is used by the American Smelting & Refinin ;0. at Durango, Colo., for treating lead-zinc sulphide ores. T1 inc sulphide is roasted to the sulphate, leached in water, filtered fro ho residue, and the zinc sulphate crystallized out of the solution b ueans of a spray drier. Secondary zinc material,'such as drosses, shea, skimmings, and galvanizers'' scrap, is utilized largely as th* inc base for the production of zinc chloride and zinc sulphate. Zinc hloride is used extensively in wood preservation. Diluted with wate rt acts as a powerful disinfectant and germicide. It is also used iij [the refining of petroleum, in the textile industry, in the [of hard fiber, for medical purposes, and in dentistry. M lIiBes of zinc sulphate are similar to those of zinc chloride. (application, however, is in the manufacture of lithopone. important uses are: As a mordant in calico printing, as (agent and preservative in tho manufacture of glue, and (ks an astringent. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS Records of lead pigments imported for consumption i [States in 1926, as compared with 1925, show increases in lof white lead and red lead, a decided decrease in litharge, (decrease in orange mineral. Of the zinc pigments, imp ipone were the largest and made the greatest gain. E- Exports of zinc oxide exceeded those of the other le (pigments for which separate statistics are recorded, and [exported in 1926 was 35 per cent greater than that in 1 [quantity exported in 1926 one-third of the zinc oxide an [of the white lead were consigned to the United Kingdom Basic carbonate white lead, red lead, litharae, and orange miner consumption in the United States, 1917--1926 11918. 1910. 11920. 11921. 1922. 11923. 11924. 11026. 11920, Baslo carbonate white lead Bed lead Litharge Pounds Value Pounds Value Pounds Value 20,238 608 21,213 169,977 124,176 222,466 336,892 141,166 213,028 297,667 $1, 965 202 2,400 19,440 12,698 21,336 31,386 13,478 21,536 31,690 60 6 7,199 23,076 12,236 1,406 3,600 1,874 3,462 9,691 $13 1 1,136 1,789 % 220 166 268 817 100 21,002 100 1,770 22,626 1,838 v 2. <17 122 $12 2,647 7 162 1,314 193 330 18 \Zinc oxide, lithopone. zinc sulphide (white), zinc chloride, and zin ported for consumption in the United States, 1917-192 1917. 11918. 1919. 11920. |I921. 1922. 11923. 11024. 11926 91920 Zlno oxido Dry In oil Short ton? Value Short tons Value 119 162 106 1,431 1,286 2,712 1,036 1,703 1,274 1,127 $62,649 62,703 44,338 269,890 146,071 361,699 169,416 229,629 206,682 198,897 6 $876 4 1,043 3 1,361 14 3, 696 67 17,649 42 8,696 89 21,934 110 26.874 132 81,187 94 23,163 222 MINERAL, RESOURCES, 1920---- PART I Zinc oxide, lithopone, zinc sulphide (while), zinc chloride, and zinc sulphate im? ported for consumption in the United States, 1917-1926--Continued LEAD AND ZINO PIGMENTS AND SAL While lead exported from the United Stales, 1925-28, by dest Zinc sulphldo Zinc chlorldo Zinc sulphate rounds1 Vnluo Short tons Voluo Short tons 1017. 1018. 1010. 1030. 1031. 1022. 1023. 1024. 1025. 1920. $6, 610 003 4,413 16,027 8,330 8,463 6,403 6,727 5,680 4,126 2 081 665 2,100 1,374 651 319 460 668 $403 15,177 102 76,405 213,006 87,600 44,164 28,911 60,712 61,606 $67 163 8,038 830. 1,064' 3,466 1,266: 1,368' 4,590 i Zioo sulphide Is stated In pounds rather than tons because of Its high value and smallor quantities. < Less than 1 ton. TV White lead and red lead exported from the United States, 1917-1926 Year -Wliltolond1 # Ilod load * Short tons Vnluo Short tons ' Value 1917. 1018. 1919. 1020. 1021. 1922. 1023. 1034. 1025. 1026. 9,809 7,704 14,017 14,001 6,161 4,698 1 6,172 i 6, 066 > 6,832 16,230 $2,080,669 1,766, 730< 3,037,292 3,105,101 093,130 710,705 830,261 853,444 1, 203,168 1,110,350 1,080 2,870 3,114 1,532 548 1,683 * 1,840 * 040 802 775 $267/238 662,684 735,177 365,675 115.600 204,133 372,828 210,698 183.601 175,278 -n > Exports of vrhlte lead and basic lead sulphate or sublimed lead not classified sej nftor 1022; the ` aliiM figures for 1023-1026 may include an unknown quantity of basic lead sulphate or sublimed lead. * Export.s.....o..f...r..e..d.....l.e..a...d....a..n...d....l.i..t.h. arge no*t classified separa tely for -1-9--2--3----2--4; t*he -figures *for t*hose years mayt Include an unknown quantity of litharge. Figures for other yoars are for red lead only. - i Figures oover July 1 to Dec. 31; not classified separately prior to July. White lead 1 exported from the United Slates, 1926-26, by destinations Destination 1020 Short tons Vulue Short tous Value North America: Canada____ Cuba............. Mexico.......... Panama____ Other........... . South America: Brazil........... . Colombia.. Uruguay___ Venezuela... Other........... oo $18, 60S 80 17, 740 128 33,331 353 84,380 110 26,941 180,003 1 341 23 ' 5,270 65 10,337 13 3, 602 043 107, 725 217,241 77 $15,662. 12077 20,081 31,603 170 40,000 113 28,062 135, aoi: 1 04 10,110008. 43 8,281. 34 7,6" 601 05,626' 043 121,787 > White lead and basic lend sulphate or sublimed lend not classified separately nftor 1022; the figures may Includo au unknown quantity ot basic lend sulphate or sublimed lead. ' ' Destination 1025 Short tons Value (Europe: . fl-United Kingdom....................................................................... k Other................................................................................ -............ r' 'Asia: r Philippine Islands.................................................................... t Ooeanla, including Australia...... .................................................. 113 484 4,174 1 4,772 $10,0 82.1 733,7 835,0 225 20 245 (*) 10 6,832 62, 2 4,6 66,9 1 2,8 1,203,1 > 1 Less than 1 ton. > ` Zinc oxide and lilhopone exported from the United Stat j Yoar Zinc oxide Short tons Value 1917........................................................................................................... 1018........................................................................................................... 1910........................................................................................................... 1920.......................................................................................................... 1921........................................................................................................... 1922........................................................................................................... 1923 ......................................................................................................... "1924 ......................................................................................................... 1925........................................................................................................... 16,446 12,421 14,703 11,164 2.611 3, 077 _ 5,024 *3,927 10,865 14,661 $3,148,8 2,779,6 3,069,2 2,151,64 426,2 603,1 743,8 605,6 1,603,66 1,017,4 1 Not classified separately prior to 1022. Zinc oxide exported from the United States, 1925-26, ' Destination 1026 Short tons Value North America: f i Other............................................................................................... 6outh Amorica: : Other............................................................................................. Europe: ' Other........... I................................................................................. t Asia: '' Other.............................................................................................. Ooeanla, including Australia....................................................... 4,320 30 60 136 38 4,680 $630,1 7,0 13,1 31,1 8,8 601.3 11 2,0 186 20,6 107 31,6 02 160 4,872 766 6,880 12,0 2478 616,3 94,3 743,0 86 63 140 31 10,865 13.4 17,5 80,9 6.6 1,603.66 224 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1926--PART I LEAD AND ZINC! PIGMENTS AND SALTS PRICES AND VALUE Tho total value and the average price per ton received from sales! of lead and zinc pigments and salts are given on preceding pages of] this chapter. Market quotations on these products are printed! weekly in the Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter. The range in 1924 to| 1926 was as follows: Quotations on zinc chloride and zinc sulphate kept ithroughout tho year. Zinc chloride, "solution, wo Kwas quoted at 3 to 4 cents a pound from March to Dec Itations on zinc sulphate, "barrels," ranged from 3 to 4 [the year, as compared wjth a slightly smaller range i PRODUCERS AND PLANTS Range of quotations on lead pigments and zinc pigments and salts at New YorkA . 1924-1926, in cents a pound Product Dftfilo lead sulphate, or subllmod load White lead, or basic lead carbonate.. Litharge.......................................................... lied lead..................................................... Orange mineral............................................ Zinc oxide...................................................... Lithopone...................................................... Zinc chloride................................................. Zinc sulphate.................................... 1024 1025 8%-10% 8%- iQtf 10. 4-12% 10, 0-12% 13.9-16% 8H OH- 1'A 2J4- ak 3-3% WA-U'A lok-12 n%-13% 11*4-13% 13*4-16% M 2H- 4W 3*4- 4 1936 Weekly quotations on basic lead sulphate (white), or sublinledj lead, "in casks," remained at 10 to 10% .cents a pound from almost.] the beginning of the year until the week ended November 20, when it] dropped to 9% cents; the following week it dropped to 9% cents, and] closed the year at 9 to 9% cents. ... ) The quotation on basic lead carbonate, or white lead, "American, 3 dry, in casks," held steady at 10% cents a pound until November 20 J when it fell to 1034" cents. ' The last two weeks of the year a further ] reduction brought it to 9% cents. 'j Quotations on litharge, "commercial, powdered, in casks," flue-] tuated considerably during the year, ranging from 10% to 11% cents j a pound, as shown in the preceding table. At the beginning of the year the price quoted was 11% cents and at the close 10% cents. Red lead, "dry, in casks," was quoted at 12% cents a pound at. the opening of the year and at 11% cents at the close. Tho lowest - quotation--11 cents--was in the spring. j Quotations on orange mineral, "American, in casks," opened the! year at 14% cents a pound and fluctuated during the year, but the a entire range was only 1% cents. The quotation at the end of tho year f was 13% to 14% cents. i A review of quotations on all the lead pigments shows a general downward movement of about 1 cent a pound at the end of 1926, as compared with the first of the year. Zinc oxide, "commercially lead-free, in barrels, 1. c. 1.," was' quoted at 7% cents a pound until the latter part of October, when the I price was cut to 7% cents. Several changes in quotations followed, .! and by the end of the year the quotation was 7 to 7 % cents. Lithopone, "domestic, in barrels, 1. c. 1.," was quoted at 6% to 6% cents a pound from January to May; at 6% cents from Juno to November; and at 5% cents in December. Quotations on zinc pigments romainod comparatively stablo until tho fall months, when a reduction of about % cont a pound was made. . . . The following companies reported sales of lead and [and zinc salts of their own production in 1926: f White lead: . Anaconda Lead Products Co. (electrolytic process)................. ........... ..........................East Chicago, I Carter White Lead Co.................................. West Pullman, 15. I. du Pont de Nemours & CoPhiladelphia, P Eagle-Picher Lead Co East St. Louis, 111. Do Cincinnati, Ohio. Euston Lead Co.......................................... Scranton, Pa. W. P. Fuller & Co South San Francisco, Calif. John T. Lewis & Bros. Co............................. Philadelphia, P Matheson Lead Co......................................... Long Island C National Lead Co. of California Melrose, Calif. . National Lead Co----- ---------------------------- Chicago, 111. Do_________ _______________________ St. Louis, Mo. Do Brooklyn, N. Y. Do Port Richmond, N. Y. Do!Cincinnati, Ohio. National Lead & Oil Co. of Pennsylvania. . New Kensingt Sherwin-Williams Co Chicago, 111. . United Lead Co.................................. .......... Perth Amboy, N Wetherill & Bro.................................. .?------ Philadelphia, Pa I Basic lead sulphate, or sublimed lead: Eagle-Picher Lead Co------------------------------Joplin, Mo. St. Louis Smelting & Refining Works of National Lead CoCollinsville, 11 d lead, orange mineral, and litharge: . ' Eagle-Picher Lead Co East St. Louis,.111. Do_____________ ___________________Joplin, Mo. Do.INewark, N. J. DoIII__ II_________________________ Cincinnati, Oh Evans Load Co....................................... ....... Charleston, W. Franklin Lead Oxide Co Franklin, Pa. W. P. Fuller & Co_______________________South San Fran Gould Storage Battery Co----------------- ;----- Depew, N. Y. Grasselli Chemical Co Grasselli, Ind. Harshaw Fuller & Goodwin Co... Cleveland, Ohio. John T. Lewis & Bros. Co___L----------------- Philadelphia, Matheson Lead Co_________ --------- --------- Long Island Ci Metals Refining Co-...................................... Hammond. In National Lead Co. of California---------------- Melrose, Calif National Lead Co...... ............. ............... ....... Chicago, IB. Do....'______ ______________-........... St. Louis, Mo. Do______ _____________ -......... ........... Brooklyn, N. Y National Lead & Oil Co. of Pennsylvania.. New Kensingt Pennsylvania Smelting Co---- ------------------- Carnegie, Pa. Sherwin-Williams Co------------------------------- Chicago, 111. Wetherill & Bro..... ............. ....... ................... Philadelphia, . Zinc oxide and leaded zinc oxide : . . American Zinc Co. of Illinois Hillsboro, 111. _ American Zinc Oxide Co------- ------------------- Columbus, Oh Eagle-Picher Lead Co.................................... Hillsboro, 111. Empire Zino Co.............................................. Canon City, C Grasselli Chemical Co................ ...................Grasselli, Ind. International Lead Refining Co. (French process).......---.--__ ------------- East Chicago, Do. (French process)---------------------- Akron, Ohio. 226 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1920---- PART I Zino oxide and leaded zinc oxide--Continued. Mineral Point Zino Co______ ____________ Mineral Point, Wis. New Jersey Zinc Co. (of Pennsylvania)___ Palmerton, Pa. Do. (French process)-----------------------Freemansburg, Pa. Ozark Smelting & Mining Co................... Coffeyvillo, Kans. River Smelting <fc Refining Co____________Florence, Colo. U. S. ZiDC Co---------------------- ------------------ Pueblo. Colo. Western Zinc Oxide Co.......... ...................... Leadville, Colo. Lithopone: Chemical & Pigment Co. (Inc.)........ .......... Oakland, Calif. Do------------------------------------------------- Collinsville, 111, Do-------------------------------- ------- --------- St. Helena. Md. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.................. Newark, N. J. Do-------------------------------------------------- Philadelphia, Pa. Eagle-Picher Lead Co................................... Argo, 111. Grasselll Chemical Co____________ ______ Grasselli, N. J. Krebs Pigment & Chemical CoNewport, Del. Mineral Point Zino Co___________________Depue, IU. New Jersey Zino Co. (of Pennsylvania)___ Palmerton, Pa. (2 plants) Sherwin-Williams Co............... .................. Chicago, 111. United Color & Pigment Co..................'___ Newark, N. J. Zinc salts: . . American Zino & Chemical Co......................Langeloth, Pa. Arkansas Preservative Co-----:........... ;------ North Little Rock, Ark. Charles Cooper <fc Co......................... Newark, N. J. ` ' General Chemical Co__ _________________Chicago' 111. ' Grasselll Chemical Co1............................;.. Grasselll, In'd. Do----------------------------------------------- ,, Grasselli, N. j. Do............ ..............._.................... ......... Cleveland, Ohio. Do----------------------------------------- ,,------Weirton W. Va. Great Western Electro-Chemical CoPittsburg, Calif Charles Lennig <k Co. (Inc,)........................ Philadelphia, Pa ' Merrimac Chemical Co__________________Everett, Mass. Monsanto Chemical Works......................... Monsanto, III." New Jersey Zino Co. (of Pennsylvania)___ Palmerton, Pa ' Vulcan Detinning Co..................................... Neville Island, Pa. Lithopone was produced by the Chemical & Pigment Co. (Inc.) at Oakland, Calif., and at Collinsville, 111., as well as at their St. Helena (Md.) plant which has been in operation since 1920. All of these plants ere subsidiaries of The Ghdden Co. The Collinsville plant was purchased from the St. Louis Lithopone Co. in June, 1926. : The zinc oxide plant of the U. S. Zinc Co., at Pueblo, Colo., was closed down early in the year and has been dismantled and sold. ' York Metal & Alloys Co., York, Pa., reported that they had discontinued the manufacture of zinc products. Charles Lennig & Co. (Inc.), Philadelphia, Pa., installed equip ment that would enable them to produce 125 tons of zinc chloride a month. ZINC By Amy St o l l 2 INTRODUCTION By J. A. St a d e u The great industrial activity and prosperity bf th the United States, which surpassed that of 1925, wa industries engaged in the production and consumpt in recent years, the largest part of the output of zin States came from the tri-State district of Missouri, Ka homa, which has more than 150 concentrating mills. of these mills were in operation throughout the yea the chief factors in the increased production of 192 largest source of zinc is from j i number of smaller during recent years have become very important, western States. Concentration of lead and zinc ores was first accomp ing and hand picking, but later gravity, concentra of jigs and tables was employed ana was generally u years ago. This method depended solely on the diffe gravity of the materials treated and was not entirely the zinc and lead minerals often were closely associa of similar specific gravity from which they could separated. As the method of smelting lead ores from that of smelting zinc, one or the other metal was lost. In consequence, most of the complex-ores wer recovery of lead only, the zinc usually being discarde ings. This wasteful practice prevented the econom many of the western complex ores; and in the tri-Sta of the finely disseminated zinc blende was lost in t large part, however, these tailings have been success by methods developed since they accumulated. Three notable developments have greatly advan treatment. These are improvement in tables, magn and selective flotation. Magnetic separation is succes ment of coarsely crystalline mixtures of pyrite and little use in the treatment of galena-blende ores.1: Se i Chapters on Hue tnat -wore more roan oroinaniy uovaueu "JK dealing largely with metallurgy; tor 1916, dealing with the lino deposits of the U countries; and for 1018, dealing with the lino Industry tn relation to the World W Figures on imports and exports oomplled by J. A. Dorsey, of the Bureau of M Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. . 1 . r.'< 232 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1926--PART I The following table includes the imports and exports of rolled zinc taken from records of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. The approximate quantity of rolled zinc available annually for con sumption in the United States is obtained by deducting the amount exported from the sum of the amounts produced and imported. The average selling prices of grades B and C slab zinc--the grades of zinc generally rolled--are given for comparison with the average of the finished rolled zinc. The difference, or "spread," between these two figures was greatest during the war, when an increased demand for sheet zinc raised its price. In 1925 and 1926 the differ ence amounted to 2.5 and 2.8 cents, respectively. Quotations on sheet zinc, f. o. b. mill, ranged from 1134 to 12 cents per pound during the year. The prico quoted at the end of the year was 11H cents. These quotations, however, are subject to discounts which may fluctuate while the base quotations remain steady. Rolled zinc available for consumption in the United States, 1925 and 1926 1926 ' 1020 Pounds * /Value Total Average Pounds - Value ' a Total Average Sheet tlno not over 0.1 Inch thick................................................ Boiler plate and sheets over . 60,169,426 2,202,347 79,892,173 $6, 195, 763 199, 436 8,119,030 Total tlno rolled................ . 142,203, 946 Sheet tlno imported for con- 340 Rolled tlno exported.................... 8,392,707 Available for consumption.... 133,871,687 14,614,234 66 926,841 $0.103 .091 . 102 .102 .158 .110 69,866,846 $6,478,027 2,469,614 239,216 110,331,839 11,162,769 172, 668,298 17,880,901 362 9,281,466 163,387,186 46 1,086, 967 Ro o8 00.108 .097 .101 .104 .131 .117 .076 .028 The following companies reported production of rolled zinc in the United States in 1926: Producers of rolled zinc in the United Stales in 1926 Producer Location of plant American Zinc Products Co................................... ................. Greencastle, Ind. Ball Bros. Co Muncie, Ind. Edes Manufacturing Co________________________________Plymouth, Mass. Hazel-Atlas Glass Co___ ____________________________Wheeling, W. Va. Hegeler Zinc Co.______________________________ _______ Danville, 111. Illinois Zinc Co___ ______ Peru, 111. Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co La Salle, 111. New Jersey Zinc Co Palmerton, Pa. The Platt Bros. & Co_______ Waterbury, Conn. ZING DUST The commercial production of zinc dust, a by-product of the dis tillation process of Bmelting zinc, was begun by domestic smelters in 1910 at the Pueblo, Colo., plant of the United States Zinc Co. In 1911 production began at the Clarksburg and Moadowbrook, W. Va., plants of the Grasselli Chemical Co., and in 1917, 13 plants reported an output of 6,123 short tons. Tho tablo following gives the annual production from 1917 to 1926: ZINO Zinc dust sold by producers in the United States, 1917-- Prepared "blue powder" Zinc dust "ato Year Short tons Value Total Average per pound 1917 1018 ioift 1920 1922 1923 1924 1925 ............................................... ...................................... .................................. ........................................... ............................................... ............................................... ........................................... ............................................... 3,989 4,016 4,083 9,066 2,006 3,394 3,676 3, 894 > 8,314 7,904 )1,322,196 877,171 801,366 2,009,117 333,890 631,226 643,766 620,078 > 1, 600,768 1, 490,293 $0.166 . 109 .098 . Ill .083 .078 .088 .080 .000 .093 Short tons V Total 2,184 3,130 2,716 2,463 999 3, 869 4, 370 4,063 ( ) 1712,922 816,346 666,294 666,773 162,161 673.220 702,92 621,221 A 1 The amount of secondary tlno recovered in zinc dust, 1923-1020, is shown in t for "atomized" Included under "blue powder." Bureau of Mines no figures separately. The following companies reported the production o 1926: '. Producers of zinc dust in the United Slates in 192 " Producer L -The Allbys Co........ ...............-...............-...............-........... San F John Finn Metals Works Do. Grasselli Chemical Co................................................. ......... Clarks New Jersey Zino CoPalmerto United States Zinc Co...................................................... Sand Under the heading of "Industrial chemicals," the Drug Reporter quoted prices on zinc dust, in barrels 9 to 11 cents per pound during the year. The ave for the year was 10 cents. . ZINO PIGMENTS AND SALTS Zinc forms the base, either in.whole or in part, pigments--zinc oxide, leaded zinc oxide, aDd hthopo salts, the chloride and the sulphate, are likewise mad ore and in part from secondary zinc. Details of the zinc pigments and salts and of market conditions a chapter on lead and zinc pigments and salts. * Tne zinc content of the pigments and salts made States from ore, both domestic and foreign, for the 1926 appears in the table that follows. Statistics o zinc recovered in the form of pigments and salts are g next heading. ' ' Primary zinc content of zinc pigments and salts made in the Un W 192 6,' in short tons Year Pigments Salts 1917.. 1918.. 1919.. 1920.. 1921.. 97,673 102,778 96,817 110,696 63,480 : 8a 8,393 6,284 8,749 1922.. 1923.. 1924.. 1926.. 1920.. ^Figures not available. 258 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1920--PART I The world's production of nickel in 1925 and 1926, as gathered from official reports, is shown in the table following: World's production of nickel, 1925-26, in metric tons 1025 1920 Country Ore Matte Ore Matto Total Nickel oontent Total Nickel content Total Nickel content Total Nickel content Canada................................ Germany: Saxony.......... Italy...................................... New O&ledonla................ United States.................... 1 1,142,003 * 145 200 80,550 ( ) to 0 5,406 03,757 4,620 11,181 33,403 8,711 247 > 1,188,208 (*) 100,304 8 5, 200 71,343 /') 5,030 1,854 * Ore smelted. * Data not available. Includes 283 tons of nickel contained In cobalt ore. i Cobalt-biamuth-niokel ore. - 1 Hydrous nickel sulphate. . .' Hydrous nickel sulphate and nickel-ammonium sulphate. r In addition to oontent of sulphate, figures inolude a quantity of nlokel saved as suoh. TANTALUM ' CoHmbtie, mined in the 'United States, shipped in 1918-1928 1 35,414 (*) 3,880 t 203 Year Pounds Valu^ Year Pounds Value 1918...................................... ............... 1010........................................ ;............ 1620.......................................... . 1931................................ ...................... 1023....................................................... 4,500 300 4,000 8,400 000 $2,250 90 1,450 1,150 240 1923....................................................... 1925........................ 1,350 1,197 2,100 , $540 608 050 1 For several years prior to 1918 there was no market for tantalum or columblum minerals, and tliov were therefore not produced. No imports of tantalum or tantalum ores were recorded for 1917 t;o 1919, 1922, or 1924. For other years in the decade 1917 to 1926 imports have been recorded as follows: 1920, 60 pounds of'ferroalloys (tantalum),'' valued at $54; 1921, 1,229 pounds of "ferro alloys (tantalum),''. $788, and 6,785 pounds of "steel-hardening ores (tantalum)," $1,327. Beginning with 1923 the classification is "Ores of ferro-alloying metals (tantalum)," and the figures are as follows: 1923, 5,600 pounds, $3,031; 1925, 5,022 pounds, $1,347; 1926, 350 pounds, $149. TITANIUM * During 1926 two plants in the United States were operated for rutile and ilmenite--that of Buckman & Pritchard (Inc.), at Mineral City. 4 miles south of Pablo Beach, Fla., and that of the American Rutile Co., at Roseland, Nelson County, Va. At the first-named plant the beach sands are worked primarily for ilmenite, but rutile, zircon, monazite, and colored sand are saved as by-products. At the other place a syenite is quarried and milledfor rutile, and ilmenite is saved as a by-product. 4 Titanium was treated somewhat more fully In Mineral Resources for 1925. . .>' .................................. RARE METALS : The production of titanium minerals in the U the last 10 years, so far as the data are availab Mines for publication, is given in the table followi shown are largely for shipments rather than Zircon shipments are also given, as the mineral is with titanium minerals. Titanium minerals and zircon produced in the United Titanium minerals Year Rutile concentrates Ilmenite concentrates Short tons Percentage of TlOi Short tons Percentage . of TiOi Va 1617............................. 1918............................. 1922............................. 1023............................. 1925............................. 1626............................. 200 03 1,336 63-66 $4 261 66 1,644 63-66 6 94-90 106 48-60 2 60 o 310 96 6,181 62-64 S 270 96 0,270 62 4,709 52 7 40 95 5,566 52 110 4 30 95 <4,813 62 '4 8 i Virginia production only; Information regarding Florida not available f Bureau of Mines not at liberty to publish values. Arbitrary value. 4 Figures for Florida only. Bureau of Mines not at liberty to publish'fig In the past ten years tifchnium has assumed1 a different from that toward'which most efforts Formerly attempts were directed largely toward for steel, but now its greatest use appears'to ha production of white pigments. Titanium otfide pigment, especially in the cellulose paints, but'm pigment has a foundation of titanium dioxide on barium sulphate, and the resultant material is pigment. For pigments, ilmenite carrying ne content of TiOj is preferred. , 1 ... The price of rutile (92. to 95 per cent TiOj) du to 15 cents a pound. Prices of ilmenite concen of bargaining, and no market, price cduld be sa buying and selling took place, was probably at and $20 per short ton for material, carrying, 50j Ilmenite is known to have been imported Africa) and probably from other places, but s separately tabulated by the Customs Servic < f`Ferroftii4t- aonniinumm aarwn-Jd ftiiftoanniuiumm^" A5D0,O94il1 npromunnrdlfsl o $9,189, was imported. There was also import titanium potassium oxalate, valued at $12,232.' The world's production of titanium minerals according to the data obtainable from oflicial'st the following table. The data for 1926 arelvery LEAD1 By Amy St o l l 2 INTRODUCTION By J. A. St a d e h The United States has long been the leader principal lead-producing countries, followed by Spain, and Canada. Discoveries through prospecting for new lead or ing areas already being mined were few in number tance in the United States during 1926, The co output was due largely to improved methods o especially to the use of selective flotation, a met nfakes feasible a far greater recovery of concentra but permits recovery from'complex ores which pr sidered too lean in lead for utilization. With mo the electrolytic method for reducing leady zinc conc tant recovery of load was made from the residu tanks which heretofore--while pyrometallurgical available--would have been lost in part by being residues from the retorts. That the United States has no large undiscover supplement those being s Iq w Iv exhausted may with improved ore dressing and metallurgy and w tary output of secondary or reclaimed metal, old exploited should supply the requirements of lea In the meantime, it is hoped, industrial researc meet requirements without danger of overdraft lead. Mexican lead production, two-thirds of which border States, was largely stimulated by the acti the United States and was favored by freedom fro political'disturbances. Australian production in 1926, principally from have been exploited for many years, surpassed th as a result of the introduction of advanced conce helped in the latter part of the year by favora supplied an abundance of water for maximum ope i Chapters on lead giving more than ordinary detail were published in Min torlcal table of production) and 1916 (the lead industry (n relation to tho Wor 1 Figures on imports and exports complied by J. A. Dorsey, of the Bureau o Bureau of Foreign and Domestlo Commerce. 356 MINERAL RESOURCES, 192G--PART I ment in the Mount Isa district is yet mainly in the prospecting stage and has been groatly handicapped by the absonce of a railroad to the east coast, which, however, is now under construction. One interest ing development of the year was the acquisition of an option on the property of the Mount Isa (Ltd.), an Australian company, by the Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa (Ltd.). The extension of the holdings of this corporation to Australia and the entrance of the Anaconda Co. into Uppor Silesia illustrato the tondoncy of largo mining companies to broaden the scope of their operations. Canadian lead resources have been developed very rapidly in the last few yoars. British Columbia producos most of tho load; the remainder of the Dominion output comes from Ontario, from tho Mayo district of Yukon Territory, and from Quebec. Tho product from British Columbia was largely exported to tho Oriont and JCuropo, and that produced in Ontario supplied most of tho Canadian demand for lead. The Sudbury district, which has been noted as nature's groat nickel storehouse, gives promise of also being a lead producer. The lead output of India is almost entirely that of tho Bawdwin mine of the Burma Corporation (Ltd.), in tho Upper Shan States. The increase in production over 1925 indicates a rapid recovery from the disastrous fire which necessitated closing parts of tho workings by bulkheads and thereby curtailing the 1925 production. The lead deposits in the Southern Shan States, which formerly were worked extensively by the Chinese, have been inactive for many yoars. Spain is the outstanding lead-producing country of Europe. The Spanish deposits have been exploited since ancient times and for the past three years have steadily increased their output of ore. Mines m the Province of Jaen account for about half of the total Spanish production. Next in importance are those in Cordoba, and third, those in Murcia. La Sociedad Minera y Metalurgica de Ponarroya, the principal producer, has a lead, zinc, and silver smelter in Cordoba. The Sociedad Minera Metalurgica Los Guindos is also a large producer of lead. Only a small part of the lead produced in Spain is consumed in the country, the larger part being exported to England or Germany as pigs, bars, or ore. Africa, which has mado important contributions to the world's Ead supply from Morocco and promises a considerable output from Rhodesia, may also make important contributions from the South west Africa mandate, if the newly discovered Aiais field comes up to expectations. This district lies between the Great Fish and Kameldoom Rivers and is a more or less arid and unexplored country, but on ample supply of both water and power can be obtained from the Great Fish River. The per capita consumption of lead in other countries is small m comparison to that of the United States. Storage-battery re quirements in foreign countries, especially for automobiles, are not nearly so great as in the United States. Other countries have been slower in adopting and developing the telephone and other elec trical devices as necessities of business or social life, therefore the demand for lead for cable sheathing has not yet reached the height it probably will. Construction in Europe is of a permanent char acter and uses comparatively little matorial requiring the protec tion of lead or zinc pigments; on the other hand, the vast timber LEAD resources of the United States have encouraged frame for which the protection of paint was necessary, A are depleted and wooden structures replaced with o nearly permanent material the building industry wi lead. ,. Many industries that consume lead are learning research laboratories to use it to a greater advanta economically. Probably the cable industry has bee this respect, as indicated by comparing the thick, hea sheathing of 20 years ago with the thinner and lig antimony alloy sheathing of to-day that has higher te and other advantageous physical properties. Storage facturers likewise nave developed a grid which is ligh greater resistance to buckling. For some uses othe partly supplanted lead, particularly in plumbing su pigments. . SUMMARY Refined primary lead produced in tho United States ores in 1926 amounted to 680,685 short tons, valued a at the average selling price of pig lead. These fig an increase of 4 per cent in quantity but a decrease in value as compared with 1925. Refined lead p foreign ores and base bullion amounted to 118,256 at $18,921,000. The total output of lead from both foreign ores and bullion was 798,941 tons, valued at Refined lead produced and consumed in the United Slates, 1926 PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION r.r ___Primary lead," which is produced directly from ore, is here distinguished fr which is obtained by roflning sklmminps^drosses, and old metals.^ The statistics given on p. 301. In. this report the word "lead" used;without qualification means * For method of calculating consumption,'see p. 368. Refined lead produced in the United Stales from domestic ores 1917 1918 1919. 1920. 1921 Short tons Value Yoar 648,460 639,906 424,433 470,849 398,222 $94,333,000 76.667.000 44.990.000 76.290.000 36.840.000 1022. 1923. 1924. 1926. 1926. Sh 358 MINEEAL EESOUECES, 1926--PAST 1 PRODUCTION QUANTITY AND VALUE The total refined lead produced in the United States from 1720 to 1926, from domestic ores and from foreign ores and base bullion, and its value are shown in the following table: Refined lead produced in the United Stales, 1720-1920 Short tons Value . Year Desilver Desilver ized ized Soft load lead ** soft load Total produc tion i From dninostlc ores nnd baso bullion From foreign ores From forolgn 1)030 bullion Averago per pouDd Total 1720-1912.. 1013.............. 1914.................... 1016.............. ioio......... 1017.............. 1918.............. 1910.............. 1920................... 1021............ 1922.............. 1923............. 1924.............. 1926.............. 1026.................. 7,176,497 * 301,160 340,397 344,603 335,375 365,008 382,314 266,633 273,135 238,329 249,107 366,241 423,429 467,477 484,660 326,901 2,029,180 10, 432,668 8,646,383 29,433 131,807 462,460 411,878 43,506 168,210 542,122 612,704 44,001 101,401 650,066 607,020 08,244 107,516 57J, 134 652,228 56,268 188,503 010,709 648,450 47,418 210,463 640,195 530,906 67,938 147, 744 482,220 424,433 66,668 180,854 529,657 470,849 52,747 157,513 448,689 398,222 74,306 209,250 632,662 468,746 61,332 100,749 618,322 543,841 63,449 203,615 090,493 666,407 48,932 260,500 700,906 654,921 55,707 258,565 708,941 680,686 12,005,269 1,100,939 5,565,058' 18,677,250| 15,831,768 1 The lead content of antimonial lead is excluded; see p. 300 1 Desilverized soft lead is excluded. 1,88 7,286 13,223 37,350 7,030 21,080 0,681 33,448 6,086 12,821 15,872 46,447 15,334 84,050 7,666 50,131 8,414 44,394 7, 120 43,247 13,898 50,018 24,288 50,103 40,386 77,701 47,024 05,024 48,210 70,046 $924,600,000 $0.044 40,000,000 .030 42.280.000 .047 61.700.000 .000 78.817.000 .086 105.052.000 .071 90.008.000 .053 51.116.000 .080 84.745.000 .045 40.373.000 .055 68.603.000 .070 80.606.000 .080 110, 479,000 .087 133,453, 000 .080 127,831,000 2,846,488 / ............... 2,027,218,000 Details for years prior to 1913 are shown in the annual chapters. The valuo for years prior to 1917 is basod upon the average price m New York; beginning with 1917 the value is based on the total sales of each producing company. PRODUCTION BY STATES To apportion the production of rofined lead according to sources of ore is difficult; lead refiners treat products already smelted, whose origin may, as in custom refining, be unknown to them, because the identity of the ore is preserved only as far as the smelter. Accordmgly, the following table is compiled, so far as possible, from smelter figures. It includes "pig lead" reported by all smelters running on Mississippi Valley or other "soft" lead ores and "work lead" produced at all other lead smelters, except that the greater part of the product reported by silver-lead smelters operated in conjunction with refineries is stated in terms of refined lead. A like part of the antimonial lead is thus eliminated from the "work lead" produced and appears only in the figures of production of antimonial lead. In addition to the domestic lead ores smelted in this country, small quantities of domestic lead ore have been exported to smelters in Canada. During the period 1912 to 1919, 8,228 tons of desilverized produced at Canadian smelters from Idaho, Washington, and Montana ores and 100 tons of soft lead from Wisconsin ores. No lead ore from the United States was treated in Canada from 1920 LEAD Primary lead smelled or refined in the United Stales, 1917--1926 short tons Source of ore 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 10 Domestic ore: Alaska........................ Arizona...................... California................. Colorado................... Idaho.......................... Illinois1..................... Kansas1..................... Kentucky*............... Missouri1................. Montana................... Nevada...................... New Mexico........... Oklahoma*............... South Dakota......... Texas.......................... Utah............. -............ Virginia*................. Wisconsin *............... Undistributed........ Zinc residues........... 884 631 046 691 7,456 6,196 6,407 5,987 300 11,471 14 6,228 2,004 2,200 29,327 29,395 * 18,867 17,762 174,046 142,640 89,091 117,191 867 1,010 077 948 2,063 5,023 7,051 8,421 21 109 83 114 218,197 187,743 160,341 171,999 6,933 17,680 17,613 13,231 12,334 8,720 5,968 8,060 10 3,428 6,140 1,418 1,123 49 10,646 68,765 40,984 08,494 6 34 28 18 6 843 2,371 2,705 68 30 8 1 82,081 70,160 06,102 64.000 147 60 929 906 i,6w 2,460 2,930 4,276 3,976 3,841 145 69 119 201 6,489 6,369 4.887 4,366 773 3,313 324 7,218 614 3,018 12,104 11,108 09,707 91,487 271 760 10,939 10,900 41 73 161,028 202,246 11,605 14, 661 3,663 4,204 384 1,230 40,902 2 i 51,872 67,436 37 2 751 6 03,130 326 1,079 101 713 478 1, 323 75 1.284 400 8,828 5,168 23,886 127,797 1,286 20,207 66 109,323 18, 346 8,044 1,638 69,602 47 1,020 40 104,078 2,008 601 691 362 9 2 26 123 1 12 101 21 8 2 .60 110 1 2 1 1 670,385 656,878 427,826 494,347 396,287 481,080 654,036 682 Foreign ore: Africa.......................... Canada...................... Europe.................... Moxico....................... South America___ Foreign baso bul lion: South America___ 1,738 1,100 3, 662 7,607 1, 533 342 6, 760 39,503 18C 1,519 282 7,660 84 4, 708 1,101 044 09 1,895 12 122 2,261 2, 637 no 8,108 667 76,80S 49,664 30 ........... . 1,171 450 1,186 22 19 2,720 2,747 90 2,877 6 17 1,912 2,236 73 1,010 1, 690 to42,42 . 41,648 .............. 3,604 14 610 7,260 2,468 43 2,900 47,118 99 3,032 18 130 18,807 1,461 72 60,193 4 33 7 7 62; 319 100,290 67,787 52,808 60,367 63,916 74,481 12 Grand total.. 641,704 667, 168 486t 612 647,166| 446,6ft 646,001 028,51' 70 i Tho lend produced by tboso States is nonargontlforoua or soft lead. A small qua duced from Colorado and New Mexico ores U also nonargentiferous. SOFT LEAD The lead ores of the Mississippi Valley are almost fre and the lead produced from them is known as soft le put of the lead pigment known as basic lead sulphate or is derived from these ores. The galena of southern Illin is notably argentiferous as compared with the rest of t Valley ores, and the silver-bearing lead concentrates the period 1917 to 1926 averaged 5.6 ounces of silve Lead in this district is now: produced only incidental centration of fluorspar, and the output is small compa from other districts in the Central States. Lead ore eastern Missouri also contain a small amount of silver of years the silver-bearing lead concentrates smelted h about 1 ounce of silver to tho ton. _ Zinc ores from Western States, that are made in contain some lead which goes into the pigment; the 33200--29------- 32 360 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1926--PART I strictly accurate to speak of the lead content of pigments as wholly soft lead. In some years small quantities of foreign lead have also been made into pigments in the United States. During the period covered by the following table lead pigments were made from foreign ores in 1924 only, when the lead so recovered amounted to 545 tons. Soft lead produced in the United States from domestic ores, 1928-1926, in short tons Year Soft pig lead Undesil Desil verized verized Total Soft lead re covered la pigmeats Total soft lead Total domestic lead * Soft lead per centage of do mestic lead 1922......................................................... 1023......................................................... 1024......................................................... 1925......................................................... 1026......................................................... 200,250 100,749 203,615 260,500 263,565 74,305 61,332 63,449 48,932 55, 707 283, 655 252,081 267,064 309,492 314,272 13,892 13,612 16,338 17,547 13,685 297, 447 265,693 282,402 327,039 327,967 488, 448 607,247 693,480 684, 968 710,990 61 47 48 48 46 > Includes domestic refined lead, domestic load In entlmonlal lead, end domestic lead In pigments. ANTIMONIAL LEAD By-product antimonial lead, produced at lead refineries in 1926 from domestic and foreign argentiferous lead ores, amounted to 22,524 short tons. This amount is 15 per cent greater than the pro duction in 1925 and has been exceeded only by the output in 1915 and 1916. Considerable antimonial lead from secondary sources was also produced at regular lead smelters in 1926; the figures cover ing such production are given in the chapter on secondary metals. By-product antimonial lead produced in the United States, 1917-1926 Year Total lead refined from base bullion (short tons) By product anti monial From lead domestic (percent ore age of (short total) tons) From foreign ore (short tons) Antimonial lead Total Short tons Valuo Antlmon y content ,,Short Percent tons age Lead content, by differ ence (short tons) 1017.............. 1918.;......... 1919.............. 1920.............. 1921.............. 1922.............. 1923.............. 1924.............. 1025.............. 1026.............. 305,098 382,314 266,638 273,136 238,329 249,107 300,241 423,429 467,477 484, 669 Average. 6.1 15,270 4.9 10,777 6.2 0,674 4.6 9,004 4.2 7,881 3.2 7,068 3.9 .11,636 4.9 13,693 4.3 14,472 4.6 18,909 4.5 3,387 7,703 4,200 2,031 2, 183 1,007 2,666 7,194 6,106 3, 616 18,640 18,670 13,874 12,635 10,064 8,075 14,100 20,787 10,007 22,524 $3, 781, 560 2, 826,350 1,513,068 1,963,255 870,059 844,993 1,960,370 3,370,713 3,785,647 3,910, 714 2.759 2,560 1,943 2,033 1,589 1,441 2,170 2, 703 2,624 2, 063 14.8 13.8 14.0 16.2 16.8 17. 8 16.3 13.3 13.3 12.0 15,887 16,004 11,631 10,602 8,475 0,634 12,020 18,024 17,043 19,831 LEAD LEAS PIGMENTS The amount of lead contained in pigments was eq cent of the total domestic lead recovered in 1926 a in 1926. By far the largest part was contained manufactured from pig load--white lead, red lead and litharge. In these pigments the lead content r 80 per cent to nearly 93: per cont. A smaller qua recovered in the pigment known as basic lead sulp white lead and sublimed blue lead, and a still sm recovered from the zinc ores from which the zinc oxid Further details regarding the manufacture and sale are given in the Mineral Resources chapter on "Le ments and salts." e Lead in pigments,1 1922-1926, by sources, in sho Year Lead Id pig Domestic ore Foreign ore 1923........................................................................................................... 1924.......................................................................... ................................ 1925........................................................................................................... 1026.......................................................................... ................................. 13,892 13,612 15,338 17,547 13,085 54 1 Includes also lead rocovered in tlno oxide and leaded zlno oxide. SECONDARY LEAD The recovery of lead from waste products is a bra industry that has expanded notably in recent ye sources of secondary pig lead are old pipe, lead cabl lead lining of acid tanks, and the alloys--babbitt, metal. The most important of these sources is ol the manufacture of which has increased greatly wi the automobile and radio industries. The recovery of secondary pig lead at regular those that treat only old material amounted to 125, 1926,. an increase of 11 per cent over 1925. Secondary lead recovered in the United Stales, 1922-1928 i Year ` Pig lead Load in alloys 1922........................................................................................................... 1924............................................................................ .............................. 1925........................................................................................................... 1926........................................................................................................... 75, 480 90,430 90,400 112,420 126,000 84,080 98,060 114,100 114,460 162,300 362 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1926--PAHT I MINE PRODUCTION The recoverable lead in ore mined in the United States in tho 10year period 1917 to 1926 is shown in tho following tablo. Those figures represent the lead content of all ore mined, less a deduction made for assumed loss in smelting and refining. This loss has been taken as 2 per cent in smelting the soft lead ores of the Mississippi Valley, and about 5 per cent in smelting and refining the argentiferous lead ores of the Western States. The mine production of recoverable lead in 1926 was the largest ever reported, with the exception of that in 1925. Missouri easily retained first place as a producer, and Utah again ranked second. In both of these States, however, the production was slightly below that of 1925. Idaho ranked third in 1926 and showed a gain of 8 per cent over 1925. More than one-third of the country's mine production of recoverable lead during the 10-year period 1917 to 1926 was from Missouri. Mine production of recoverable lead, 1917-1926, by States, in short tons State 1917 1918 1019 ' 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1926 1020* Alaska............................ 862 Arizona......................... 11,146 Arkansas....................... 374 California..................... 10,387 Colorado................. 33,DUO Georgia.......................... Idaho............................. 180,941 Illinois........................... 1,410 Iowa............................... 33 Kansas........................... 2,905 Kentucky..................... 121 Maine............................ Massachusetts........... Missouri....................... 229,473 Montana....................... 10,427 Nevada......................... 13,147 New Hampshire____ 48 New Mexico............... 4, 554 New York.................... North Carolina_____ 1 Oklahoma.................... 25,831 Oregon........................... Pennsylvania............. South Dakota............. 34 Tennessee..................... 2,404 Texas.............................. 1 Utah............................... 84,798 Virginia......................... 810 Washington................. 4, 650 Wisconsin.................... 4, 056 004 6,939 118 6,361 32,980 139,081 2,228 7,107 181 190,292 17,040 11,070 30 4,190 29 64,970 4 27 1,620 13 79,329 774 2,504 4, 442 687 4,847 27 1,005 18,030 80,012 2,063 11,057 84 1 160,024 10,358 7,201 1,443 52,795 10 2,079 7 68,819 1,010 4,130 875 6, 935 8 2.407 23,3J6 2 118,505 1,708 16,452 120 14 161,812 14,840 10,100 1,435 04,086 7 6 1,880 66,898 2,749 2, 694 750 3, 271 21 M2 0,830 09,230 072 18,670 69 180,085 10,183 3,594 339 41.552 2 44, 594 72 972 377 7, 635 42 3, IM 1J,739 4 97,017 1,326 23, 271 92 i 78, 412 14,884 4,065 1,500 02,850 38 732 4 67,666 691 691 410 8,140 26 4,775 22,840 121.178 1,381 17,568 53 109, 743 17,973 9,078 1,910 00,904 14 1,250 13 101,724 1,453 734 (HI 9, 321 20 2, 382 23, 776 124, 470 1,464 18,560 175 (') 189,929 19,738 10,030 1,817 71,358 (') 937 116,955 1, 275 1,968 1,254 789 11,038 58 3,283 31,483 120, 521 1,001 22,776 162 211,606 18,765 12,238 3, 210 70,040 3 448 8 163,335 2. 229 2,814 1,877 778 11,629 18 4,047 34, 464 136, 490 655 28,463 68 207,012 21,153 11,184 3, 480 00,704 6 800 42 147,635 2.450 2, 273 1,546 628,464 662,402 429, 589 490,814 414, 491 477,633 647,217 596,068 684,430 083,917 1 It Is said that a few tons of lead-ore was mined at the old Chlpmau mine In Massachusetts and was treated at a small smelter ownod by the mine operators. * 613 pouuds. LEAD SMELTERS AND REFINERIES UNITED STATES California-. Selby--Selby plant, American Smelting & Refining Co. (Smelter and refinery.) Colorado: Durango--Durango plant, American Smelting & Refining Co. (Smelter.) Leadville--Arkansas Valley plant, American Smelting & Refining Co. (Smelter.) Idaho: Kellogg--Bunker Hill & Sullivan smelter. (Smelter and refinery.) LEAD Chicago--Great Western Smelting & Refining Co.* (Smelter. Collinsville--St. Louis Smelting & Refining Works of Natio (Smelter and refinery.) . _. Federal--Federal plant, American Smelting & Refining C Indiana^ Chicago_international Lead Refining Co.* (Refinery o Grasselli--U. S. S. Lead Refinery (Inc.). (Refiiiery only. lytic process.) Kansas: Galena--Galena plant, Eagle-Picher Lead Co. (Smelter Missouri: ,, .. _ . . Granby--American Zinc, Lead & Smelting Co.* (Smelter.) Herculaneum--St. Joseph Lead Co. (Smelter and refinery.) Joplin--Eagle-Picher Lead Co. (Smelter.) . Montana: East Helena--East Helena plant, American Smeltin Co. (Smelter.) . Nebraska: Omaha--Omaha plant, American Smelting & Refining only. Betts electrolytic process.) Nw Jersey i Newark--Balbach plant, American Metal Co. (Ltd.). (Sme Berth^ Amboy--Perth Amboy plant, American Smelting <k (Smelter and refinery.) Oklahoma: St. Louis--Ontario smelter, Eagle-Picher Lead Co. Pennsylvania*. Carnegie--Pennsylvania Smelting Co. (Smelter a Texas: El Paso--Kansas City Consolidated Smelting & Refinin ter.) Utah: .. International--International Smelting Co.8 (Smelter.) Midvalo--IJnitod States Smelting, Refining & Mining Co. (S Murray--Murray plant, American Smelting & Refining Co. CANADA British Columbia: Trail--Consolidated Mining & Smelting C (Ltd.). (Smelter and refinery. Betts electrolytic process.) Ontario: Galetta--Estate of James Robertson. (Smelter.) V MEXICO ' Chihuahua: Chihuahua--American Smelting & Refining Co. (S Coahuila: Saltillo--Mazapil Copper Co. (Ltd.). (Smelter.) Torredn--American Metal Co. (Ltd.). (Cia. Metaliirgic (Smelter.) . ., Durango: Asarco (Velardefia)--American Smelting & Refinin Minera Asarco.)* (Smelter.) Guerrero: Campo Morado--Reforma Mining & Milling Co. (Sm Nuevo Leon: _. ,,, Monterrey--American Metal Co. (Ltd.). (Cia. Minera de P (Smelter and refinery.) Monterrey--American Smelting & Refining Co. (Smelter.) San Luis Potosi: . Matehuala--American Smelting & Refining Co. (Cia. M (Smelter.) . . San Luis Potosi--American Smelting & Refining Co. Asarco.) (Smelter.) Zacatecas: La Fd--American Metal Co. (Ltd.). (Cia. Minera A.) (Smelter.) * Smelters of secondary materials but treating some lead ores. ' * Subsidiary of Anaconda Copper Mining Co. ,,,_ * Subsidiary of the United Stales Smelting, Refining <fc Mining Co. < Plant idle In 1930. t Subsidiary of American Smelting & Refining Co. * Subsidiary of Anaconda Copper Mining Co * Plant closed In 1930 and being dismantled. 364 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1926--PART I ' WORLD'S PRODUCTION The accompanying table, prepared by L. M. Jones, of tho Bureau of Mines, shows the world's smelter production of lead from 1922 to 1926, so far as statistics are available. Official figures are used wherever possible. For countries for which official data are not yet available, the figures are taken from the yearbook of the American Bureau of Metal Statistics and other reliable sources, but the official statistics will be substituted as received. There is always a possibility of duplication in figures showing world's production, for some countries send "work load" or base bullion to other countries for refining. Furthermore, secondary and antimonial lead are often included in the figures showing tho foreign production, so that to put the United States on an equal footing in the statistics it would be necessary to include in its production tho domes tic .output of secondary lead and antimonial lead. The figures for tho United States represent refined lead that was smelted in this coun try, whatever tho source of the ore. World's production of lead, 1022-1926 [to metrlo tons,' by countries whore smelted, but not necossarily reflnod] Country1 1922 1923 1924 1926 1920 Australia................................................................. Belgium.............................................................. France................................................................. fapan............................................... .. Mexico......... ............................................... ipaln.............................................. weden................................. ...... . Jnlon of South Africa.................................... foiled 8tates (refined).................................. 105.120 3,380 43,674 O) 2, 228 13, 944 83,682 6,038 4,408 39,843 3, 239 114,236 20,830 * 068 119,387 14,562 6,400 4,201 437,846 8,497 1,090,000 132, 106 4,255 61,100 40, 801 (') 2,452 17,413 60,110 4,236 40, 799 2, 700 160.028 11,197 242 10, 259 402 666 6,081 127,514 119 14,090 1,400 6,009 515,395 9,200 1, 246, 000 t/ 2,204 18. 881 67,427 6,387 62,' 600 2,941 130, 973 5, 999 642 10, 276 433 < 026 11,703 141,849 477 14.291 5, 104 4,000 665;913 1,346,000 148, 474 89' 468 4,811 167| 900 490 *823 11,904 1,619 '723 830.790 2rn r?* an* rnn n nin 17' 003 1.682 *r' linn 5, UUO 001,230 ` In addition to tho countries listed, China smelts lead, but no reliable data of output are available al estimates of production In 1925 range from 1,500 to 3,500 tons. 1 Data not available. 1 Exclusive of Upper Silesia. * Data tor year ended 8ept. 30. * Data for year ended Mar. 31 of year following that stated. Offl- T.TEAp IMPORTS AND EXPORTS The total imports of lead into the United States in ore, ba and as refined lead in 1926 were greater than in any pre and amounted to 147,554 short tons, or more than one-f refined lead produced from domestic ore; nearly seven- tBis lead came from Mexico. Some of the imported ore a leaves the country later in the form of pig lead and in man articles, and some of the.imported refined lead also is These exports are shown in the table of foreign lead expo the United States. The imports of lead for consumption in the table on page 366. A description of the difference be eral imports and imports for consumption and the metho house transactions is given in Mineral Resources, Par page 324. _ Exports of refined lead from domestic ore began in 1914 price of lead at London rose above the price at New amounted to 58,722 short tons; in 1916 exports reached a of 100,500 tons, but they declined immediately and for 1920 to 1926 have averaged annually 3,820 tons; the exported in 1926 was 4,276 tons, of which 65 per cent went The exports of refined lead from foreign ore are much la those from domestic ore and in 1926 amounted to 67,6 decrease of 31 per cent from 1925 but greater than those o before 1924. _ In past years small quantities of domestic lead ore hav ported to Canada for treatment, but no ore was exported to 1926. Lead remaining in warehouse in the United States, December 31, 19 pounds [Stated Id the form in which the material was entered for warehouse] Year Ore Bose bul Pigs, bars, lion and old Year Ore Base bu lion HUH 27,006,477 20, 848,408 .. 12. 806. 107 21, 102,065 20,643,811 01.408,873 32. 023, 290 89,617,020 13,079,405 24,002,350 6,370,446 944.483 408,164 2,644,570 693,440 1922 ............. 1023............. .. 1024............... 1926............... 1928............... 10,470,144 70,031.260 103,474,370 105.884,711 114,630,697 7, 070. 80,306,8 95,007,0 91,726. 107,682, i Includes load Id roclalmed scrap, as follows: 1926, 241,076 pounds; 1926, 397,433 pounds. figures for earlier years are not recorded separately. Lead imported into the United States, 1917-1936, by classes, in (Qeneral Imports] Year Lead In ore Load In base bullion Pigs, bars sheets; and old 1917.......................................................................................... 1918.......................................................................................... 1919.......................................................................................... 1920.......................................................................................... 1921.......................................................................................... 1922.......................................................................................... 1924........................................................................................... 1925.......................................................................................... 1926.......................................................................................... 41,292,876 < 37,070,340 19, 673,866 29,488,816 14, 234,039 24,474, 481 tOO, 882,860 . 96,320, 168 88,962,602 116,232,669 103,664,970 149,663,889 112,024,618 96,103,603 71,733,838 124,074,466 161,496; 496 166,601,860 141,263,650 166,670,738 11,686,97 10,480,63 10.214,76 71,437,10 62,602,63 7,101.62 42,198,84 24,403,74 14,042:36 22,304,02 366 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1926--PART 1 Lead imported into the United Stales, in ore, base bullion, and refined, 1917-1986, by sources, in pounds [General imports! Year Canada Mexico South America Europo Other countrios Total 1917.............................. 1918.............................. 1910............................. 1920............................. 1931.............................. 1922....................... 1923.............................. . 1924.............................. 1926............................. 1926,............................ 11,738,379 28,226,878 10,891,115 8,109,234 4 127,158 6,663,236 11,899,671 11,022,001 11,646,820 12,810,740 125,782,769 102,260, 199 12ft, Ml, 014 131,816,278 106, 400,238 141,216,136 242,862,768 243,161,009 218,873,800 264,203,862 4,666,400 1,002,124 6, ft04, 410 7,086,361 2,381,305 3,803,478 6,300,161 15,820,867 10,621,737 24, 790,076 8,945,800 62,610 80,840 38,700,604 30,224, 701 1,464.384 11,004,938 4,867,806 1,594,963 3,224, 604 6,620,323 4, 706,049 2H<1, H2 11,103,100 l, 430,940 613,336 . 620,036 453,432 1,521,110 672,850 . 160,643,820 197,214,700 141,813,137 107,029,627 248, 570,411 166,060,609 270,678,103 276,31ft, 204 244,258,430 295,106,027 Lead imported for consumption in the United Slates, 1917-1986, by classes Year Lead In ore1 Pounds Value Base bullion Pounds Value Pigs, bars, and old* Sheets, pipe, and shot Pounds Value Pounds Value Not other wise speci fied Total value 1017.... 5,438,931 1918.... 6,064,602 1916____ 4,106,823 1920____ 13, 700,499 1921____ 6,842,807 1022.... 23,649,851 1023.... 22,420,046 1024.... 06,147,976 1025.... 12,70ft, 608 1026.... 68,752,911 $207,370 6,965,849 344,080 3, 569,071 196,363 31,790,693 908,616 66,816,820 327,046 56,819,980 812,603 55,859,422 1,190,414 11,124,161 3, 145,791 28,796, 402 672, 112 24,747, 606 3,303,039 13,341,038 $470, 536 1.750,223 180,070 1,139,060 1, 130,937 10,174,115 3.340.600 08,601,959 1,668,410 01,009, 094 1,816,142 8, 563, 110 620, 201 42,625, 205 1, 642, 167 27,362,392 1.823.600 16,464,206 972,758 24,306.670 $85,743 60,004 415,094 3,887,821 1,972,710 335, 924 2, 610,460 1, 860,802 1,038,350 2,191,068 12.538 $2,06*9 6,802 62-1 8,018 628 81,396 6,483 3,087 140 0,018 097 19, 525 4,496 11,666 4,384 27,579 10,420 804,342 101,322 $10,287 36,723 17,187 21,328 11,204 12,280 90,027 138,637 130,633 02,895 $776,638 018,101 1,760,209 8, 163,85? 3,979,616 2,976,662 4,421,003 6,681,841 3,083,990 6, 721,072 1 Includes also lead in matte beginning Sept. 22,1022. * Includes also Imports of antlmonial lead, antlmonial scrap lood, babbitt metal, soldor, etc., beginning with tariff of Sopt. 22,1922, excopt in 1925 and 1920, whon antlmonial lend is cxdudoU. Type metal imported for consumption in the United States, 1917-1926 Year Type metal Pounds Value Lead content Pounds Percentage 1917......................... 1019...................... 1920................... 1921............................ 1922. 1923................... 1924................... 1925.. 1026..................... .......................................... ........................ .......................................... ............................................ ................................................... .............................................. ........................................................... ................. ;.................................... 1 Figures not available. 551,704 13,394,803 20,887, 353 38,971,351 44,605,120 (') P) *0, 009, 161 $35,038 ' (') 11,000,498 * Includes antlmonial lead. (0 Refined lead, from domestic ores, exported from the United States, 1917-1926 ,, Year 8bort tons VuJue Year Short tons 1917.............................. 1918.............................................. 1910............................................ 1920........................ 1931.......................................... 53,688 41,831 10, 610 2,730 1,624 $9, 660, 698 6,880,381 1,471,260 402,223 177,028 1922.................................... 1023............................................ J024............................................ 1926.............................. 1928............................................ 6,823 1,000 5,332 4,065 4,276 Value $004,606 200,487 71!, 147 784,440 601,061 LEAD Foreign lead exported from the United Stales, 1917- Exportod from wareho Year . Pigs, bars and old 1 Founds Value 76.304,480 118,832,344 81,961,398 34,726,601 50.000.260 64. 709.305 97,471,326 163,616,803 107, 128, 617 136,319,321 $0,050,1A7 8,309,798 4,638,273 2. 670.635 2,284,107 3,177,360 6,196,266 0,685,619 14,910, 891 8,904,603 > Since July l, 1915, the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce has classe or refined in this country and exported as "domestic exports of pigs, bars, etc., pro The above figures include also the exports of foreign lead Imported in the form o ' Not separately classified after 1922. Domestic and foreign pig lead exported from the United State tinations Destination Domestic Short tons Value North America: 1925 Other................................................................................................ South America: Other................................................................................................... Europe: _ Other................................................................................................... Asia: Other'................................................................................................ > Less than l ton. 107 183 65 126 06 007 344 174 12 226 1 175 392 21 1,346 448 812 347 619 560 224 29 2,039 2 . 62 10 64 (0 4,966 $31,721 29,689 13,669 24,130 13,331 112,330 61,603 29,402 2,649 34,128 236 31,340 67,115 4,435 210,807 68,360 126,682 53,454 74,600 86,144 36,014 4,950 448,194 490 10,888 1,603 13,071 38 784,440 '68 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1926--PART I `omestic and foreign pig lead exported from the United Stales, 1925-26, by des tinations--Continued Destination Donlestlo For clgn 8hort tons Valuo Short tons Valuo ' 1826 North America: Canada.............................................................................................. Cuba................................................................................................ Mexico............................................................................................... Other.................................................................................................. South America: . Argentina......................... ............................................................... Brarll............................................................................................ Chile................................................................................................... Colombia.......................................................................................... Guiana, Dutch.............................................................................. Peru.................................................................................................... Uruguay........................................ ................................................... Other................................................................................................ Europe: - Belgium............................................................................................ France............................................................................................... Germany.......................................................................................... Netherlands................................................................................... Sweden.............................................................................................. United Kingdom...................................................... .... . Other.................................................................................................. Asia: China........................................................................................... Japan, including Chosen........................................................... Philippine Islands........................................................................ Other.................................................................................................. ' 127 00 69 43 315 -- 41 49 143 346 a 29 29 19 662 336 392 866 56 112 926 . 68 2,776 ' .1 w 604 72 66 632 $27,441 11,162 12,480 0 302 66 $32 42,442 7,942 8;604 7 1,141 ' 64,926 305 51,557 ' ' ------------------- - " " 1 7,639 9,259 23,320 37,030 646 4,840 3,697 3,163 386 1,709 972 18 392 44 450 66 60,652 226,306 142,684 2,820 68,060 7,003 61,266 8,944 90,284 4,027 660,824 ~'---- ------------------ -- 44,775 60,200 115,646 2,016 7,416 16,827 267,946 682,699 2,186,163 6,675 14,350 120,840 8,381 1,714 2,829 14,370 280 226,698 365,764 1,937,448 36,266 300, 700 1 12 64,209 13,176 7,141 40,202 6,120,601 - ------ --- 2, 864 14,022 38 62 365, 779 1, 800, 822 6, 461 6,499 84,637 16,976 2,169,661 1 Leas than 1 too. 4,270 GOI,O01 67,060 8,904,603 CONSUMPTION Apparent consumption of refined primary lead in the United States, refinery stocks disregarded, 1922-1926, in short tons 1922 1923 1924 1925 1920 8upply: Stock In bonded warehouse Jan. 1.............................. Imports of pigs, bars, and old........................................ 347 3, 651 632,602 Withdrawn: Exports of foreign load-- From warehouse......................................................... In manufactures, with benofll of drawback.. Exports of domestiolead......................................... Stock In bonded warehouse Deo. 31........................... 636, 600 32, 355 6,677 6,823 Apparent consumption................................................ 43,866 492,706 21,099 618,322 039,421 48,730 12, 620 1,099 2.617 06,878 673,643 2,017 12,247 090, 403 705, 367 70,768 16. 275 6,332 6.046 102,410 602,947 6,046 7,021 760,909 779.036 98, 604 11,609 4,956 8,102 123. 380 666,666 8,162 11,152 768,941 818, 265 67,660 17,966 4,276 10,711 100,002 717,663 LEAD PRICES AND VALUE The average as calculated on the American Metal prices of lead at New York, outside market, includin west, was 8.45 cents a pound in 1926. This quota lower than the average quotation in 1925 (9.1 cents than the average annual quotation recorded for except 1917. Tho highost price of the year was 9.37J^ cents beginning of January, and there was no change u when it fell to 9.32J^ cents. Quotations fluctua spring months and the general trend was downwar part of May, when the price reached 7.65 cents--the of the year. A recovery then began which broug to 9 cents the last of July. Quotations ranged from from August through November. The quotation fr to the close of the year was 7.80 cents. The following table gives the average quotations market, New York, 1924 to 1926, and in London, Average monthly Quoted price of lead at blew York, 1924--1926, in cents a pound 1 Month At New York (outside market) 1624 1025 1926 At Lon don,* 1920 Month At Ne 1024 Juno........................ 8.43 9.18 9.33 8. 20 7.32 7.01 10.33 0.41 8.90 8.02 8.20 8.44 9.35 9.17 8.60 8.04 7.81 8.11 7.64 7.36 6.80 6.26 0.13 0.61 July....................... September_____ October............... Novombor......... Deoembor........... 7.19 7.95 8.07 8.37 9.01 9.62 American Metal Market, monthly review section. ' i Conversion of English quotations Into American money based on average as recorded by the Federal Reserve Board of the Treasury.