Document MGavk8QoyzoLx96ZaOXdRNG7j

FILE NAME: Ford (FD) DATE: 1978 DOC#: FD141 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Publication Article, Published Abstract from Conference & Memos 1 Memorandum A.E. .Anderson S c ie n tific Research ce: G.F. B olling W.A. Goerlng M. Weiss S u b ject: Automobile Brake Drum Dust C h a ra cteriza tio n The attach ed study was r e c e n t ly r e feren ced in a toxic/h azard ou s n e w sle tte r . I t illu s tr a te s the presence o f unaltered c h r y so tile asbestos fib ers in -i brake drum d u st. No in d ic a t io n was g iv e n on the usage the sample experienced. The author has requested we p a r t ic ip a t e in supplying adequate and r ep resen ta tiv e sam ples fo r fu tu r e s t u d ie s . You may wish to d is c u s s w ith him t h is p o s s i b i l i t y . For in -h ou se s t u d ie s , samples could be obtained from the many f l e e t s th a t are ' scheduled each year. We would be happy to a s s i s t you in t h is area. P lea se ad vise V e h ic le M aterials E ngineering o f any p lan s and /o r developments o f t h is nature. Signad 2 Carolyn B. Zelek GFaaOn Artm 72 175 Doralpoacnamtioannl Oat* May 31, 1978 I: 002286 PRODUCED BY FORD i I C.B elek ` F ord Motor Co. 20000 Eotenda Dr. Eh. 1049 B ld g .5' D earborn K ioh. 48121 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Telephone 415/843-2740 May 1 9 ,'7 8 . . . Dear C .Belek, 3 I g o t the m essage th a t you wanted a copy ay rep ort on "aabestoa brake druaa". I am n o t s u r e w hich paper you w ere r e f e r in g t o . I w ro te one p a p e r on th e d e fo r m a tio n o f a s b e s t o s , and u se d brake drum d u s t. I assumed you meant th is one ? . I am s e n d in g you a copy o f th e G a lle y . The paper w i l l appear in th e June or J u ly is s u e o f Environm ental R esearch. I f you are in te r e ste d , p l e a s e w r it e to me and I w i l l sen d you a c o p y . ' Since you are a t Ford - I have a q u estion . I hear th a t you have a dynamometer. V i l l i t be p o s s i b l e f o r me to have you sen d some sam ples o f deformed a sb e sto s from t h is dynamometer ? ' My r e s e a r c h i n t e r e s t i s i n th e d efo rm a tio n o f m in e r a ls, and I can th in k o f some v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g r e s e a r c h th a t can be dores, i f you were, er anyone e ls e a t Ford, were in te r e s te d in c o lla b o ra tin g . I hope to hear from you, . ` Sincerely ^ 3 - K.Seshan I L e o tu r e r , UCB 1 S t a f f S c i e n t i s t , L3L hoC i 002287 PRODUCED BY FORD I i. CHARACTERIZATION OF CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS IN AUTOMOBILE BRAKE DRUM DUST BY TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEH) * K rish n a Seshan and C lean R. Sm ith* . Departm ent o f M a te r ia ls S c ie n c e and M ineral E n g in e e r in g , and M a te r ia ls and M olecular Research D iv isio n , Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, U n iversity of C a lif o r n ia , B e r k e le y , . C a lifo r n ia 94720 and *A ir and I n d u s tr ia l. HygieneL aboratory, C a lifo rn ia S ta te H ealth Department, B erkeley, C aliforn ia 94704. T h is s tu d y su p p o r ts o th e r work th a t au tom ob ile brake drum dust i s a source o f p a r t i a l l y a l t e r e d and un a lt e r e d c h r y s o t i l e 'Casbes t o s ( 1 - 3 ) and su g g e sts C.haC. d.ark~ f i e ^d e le c c r o n m ic r o sc o p y 'co u ld b a 'u sa d to id e n t i f y the sou rce o f f i b r e s . ^^These r e s u l t s a re in c o n t r a d ic tio n to th o se who r ep o rt th at'""'1? ^Sigti tem peratures reached during.braking reduce a m ajority o f the c h r y so tile to f o r s t e r i t e _ .(475)". " " ` ~ --- -- ------ ' .-'c A u tom ob ile brake drum d u st was d i r e c t l y tr a n s fe r r e d to formvar coated g r id s and c o a te d w ith carbon on both s i d e s . The g r id s w ere then examined w ith a Siem ens 1A and a P h ilip s 301 a t 100 kV. . s I n t a c t c h r y s o t i l e f i b r e b u n d les w ith some p h e n o lic _opaque b in d er i s shown < ^ n . ? i g . --1 - d is p la y in g , p a r t i a l l y 'deform ed in t e r n a l c a n a ls ,~ b u t` does Jnot .'show 5 _ g r o ss-m o r p h o lo g ic a l ^change.'" " U n a lte r e d 'c h r y s o tile i s shown in FigT'Ia^and i ' was confirm ed by s e le c t e d area e le c t r o n d i f f r a c t i o n (SAED), s e e P ig . 2. ? The c a lc u la t e d d -s p a c in g s c o r r e la t e d w ith th o se o f Y ada's ( 3 ) . As p r e v io u s ly l r e p o r te d . ( 1 ) a v a r ie t y o f c h r y s o t ile deform ation products are found in brake ? drum d u s t shown in F ig s . 3 and 4 . P ig . 3 shows a f i b r i l fragmented by \ d eform ation . F ig . 4 shows s in g le f i b r i l s w ith can als in t a c t . H ow ever,'the SAED p a tte r n s i n P ig s . 3a and 4a a re a t y p ic a l o f c h r y s o t ile and are strea k ed 1 p e r p e n d ic u la r to th e a* d ir e c t i o n which may be cau sed by s u r fa c e d eform ation f and m acroshear. High r e s o lu tio n d a r k -fie ld m icroscopy was used to study th e * d e fo r m a tio n s in d e t a i l as shown in P ig . '5 . The b u n d le i s m o ttled showing s u r f a c e d efo rm a tio n w ith g r a in s much la r g e r chan th o se o f standard c h r y s o t ile . : T his s u g g e s t s th a t d a r k - f ie ld e le c t r o n m icroscopy can be 'used to id e n t if y Che so u r c e o f f i b r e s found in a i r p o llu t io n sam p les. ' This deform ation and - grain growth is probably due to m echanical and thermal s tr e s s e s experienced j by the bundle in the brake drum. * i r ^e s s th an one p e r c e n t ''c h r y s o t ile and no f o r s t e r i te" was""fouhd 'in"'the ""drum- -.-dust by l i g h t -optical-m icToscopy--(LO M )-:and"-je-ray-diffractometry~ii^CRD)."'T" ft has b een p r e v io u s ly p o in c e d ( 2) o u t chat th e f ib r e s i z e s and c o n c e n tr a tio n s a re o f t e n below th e l i m i t s o f d e t e c t io n o f LOM and XRD. Acknowledgem ents - Thanks to Dr. J . J . U eso lo w sk i and P r o fe s s o r G. Thomas 'ill* Cke f a c i l i t i e s and to Drs'. "XI'Eangfir- and-Ar- Rohl fo r d i.s- cusstonT r^ 'F iqancial support is ap p reciated from the-U ;S.~ Energy Research and Developm ent A d m in istr a tio n through th e M a te r ia ls and M olecular R esearch D iv isio n o f the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. _ ' j 1. A. R ohl, A. L anger, e t a l . , E nvironm ental R esearch 12_, 110 (1 9 7 6 ). 2. I b i d ., P roceed in gs o f th e Royal Soc. o f M ed., 7D, 32 (1 9 7 7 ). 3 . J . A ls t e , e t a l . , A tm ospheric Environment 10, .583 (1 9 7 6 ), 4 . R. J . Lynch, 3 0 t h ., Ann. M eeting Amer. C onf. o f Govt. H y g ie n is ts , S c . L o u is , Mo (1 9 6 8 ). 5. C. J . J a c k o , e t a l . , Auto E n g in eerin g 8 1 , 38 (1 9 7 3 ). 002288 PRODUCED BY FORD I March 22, 1978 Topic Materials News. --Page 75 T O X IC M A T ER IA LS NEWS IN B R I E F . . Cancer c o n tr o l and p rev en tio n has been la r e e lv Ignored hv H ealth,. UCLA P u b lic H e a l t h " ^ L ester B resl^ ^ a c t i o n a l r...,-' ' f t i o S 'c 3UgesCed th e governm ent's can cer p rev en tio n program be taken out o f Na- tSutte^s ooff TH^earl^thKhas tUr etl?e'g a te^ d canCceSrr cColmnetr *o*l athnde dpaiSsCe a s2e5 cyoeanrtsr o cl hge e ^n et ri oanllya l toI ntshtei back washes o f the i n s t it u t e s , f a ile d to seek adequate funding or take le a d lr sh L o f the budgec; " a^ . - s a id * . coatro1 ^ P r e sid e n t Carter-, m eanw hile, has decreed th a t A p ril i s "Cancer Control Month" -- a d e sig n a tio n in ten d ed to. ed u cate p eo p le to "taka advantage o f a v a ila b le reso u rces to- p rev en t n e e d le s s su fferin g .-a n d d e a th . Cause and p rev en tio n resea rch remain., of HHF.higftfesC p r i o r i t i e s , C arter said.^. . b ecau se p re v e n tio n o f f e r s th e b est hope fo r ultim ate con trol of cancer."' ' ' ~ v,.., . . . ; ... . f . N ation al. Cancer1 I n s t i t u t e has announced p u b lic a tio n o f b io a ssa v r e ports on dye p gment d ia r y la n ilid e y e llo w and: p e s t ic id e s m ethoxychlor, m alathion. and t r i f l u r a l i n . Only t r i f l u r a l i n was found- t o be c a r c in o g e n ic -- in th e l i v e r s o f fem ale m ice. All" four rep o rts w i l l be a v a i l a b le n e x t week from O ffic e o f Cancer Communications, NCI |e th e s d a , Md. 20014. 1 . . . ' punced^ an_ L _" , , . MHHPM^^ne hazard te se n te d , and when t h e s e f ib e r s are r e le a s e d in the a i r , they expose repairmen to pightened th r e a ts o f lu n g d is e a s e and cancar. / ` _ Consumer Product S a fe ty Commission would need a d d itio n a l funding of 5 5 -m illlo n fo implement pending l e g i s l a t io n ordering s a fe ty r u le s fo r c e llu lo s e in s u la tio n , CPSC Chairman John B yington to ld a Senate A ppropriations Subcommittee l a s t week. Byington a lso noted th a t i f the agency i s required to deal with variou s chronic haz ards i d e n t i f i e d in an emerging N a tio n a l Cancer I n s t i t u t e stu d y , an a d d itio n a l $5- m illio n and 50 s t a f f p o s it io n s w i l l be req u ired . Byington asked th a t Congress appro p r ia te $ 3 .4 - m illio a more fo r CPSC than th e $ 4 4 .8- m illio n P resid en t C arter had recommended in his- b u d g et. .. O ccupational S a f e t y and H ealth A d m in istration has named 11 members to a new standards a d v iso r y com m ittee on sk in h azard s. Committee was formed to id e n t if y the o ccu p a tio n a l ex p o su res in in d u stry which pose a hazard to the sk in and to develop a s e t o f g u id e lin e s f o r OSHA to u se in d r a ftin g a proposed standards on sk in h azard s. ^ Department o f A g r ic u lt u r e 's n itro sa m in e panel has recommended th e department is s u e a warning th a t "the. r is k of cancer i s increased when fr ie d bacon or the ren dered f a t from i t a re consumed." The p an el c a lle d n itro sa m in es "a p oten t carcinogen" . and sa id th e y -a r e c o n s i s t e n t ly found in bacon trea ted in the home. . _ New J e r s e y 's Department of' Environmental P r o te c tio n has r e le a s e d p relim inary re s u l t s o f a sta te w id e groundwater t e s t in g program which i s examining 500 w e lls for j s e le c t e d o rg a n ic compounds, p e s t ic id e s and m e ta ls. DEP Commissioner Rocco R icci , sa id e a r ly r e s u l t s show t h a t w ater q u a lit y , in most c a s e s . Is- fa r b e t t e r chan the F ederal d rin k in g w a te r1standards-,, alth ou gh 20 v io la t io n s were found ou t o f 250 w e l l s . Almost a l l o f the w e l l s contained* tr a c e s o f some o f th e chem icals b ein g sampled, w ith th e m a jo rity o f w e lls contam inated by org a n ic compounds lo c a te d In h e a v ily populated in d u s t r ia l a rea s and th o se contam inated by p e s t ic id e s more p rev a len t in a g r ic u ltu r a l s p o ts . S t a t e w i l l s im ila r ly t e s t a ir and su r fa c e w a ter, DEP s a id . J u s t ic e Department has f i l e d a $ 2 0 -m illlo n s u it a g a in st Outboard Marine C orp ., Waukegan, M ich ., charging the firm w ith d isch a rg in g 2 -m illio n pounds o f p o ly c h lo r i nated b ip h en y ls in to Waukegan Harbor and Lake M ichigan. The government asked Che ; court to order th e firm to cle a n up th e accumulated PCBs. I l l i n o i s . A ttorney G e n era l's o f f i c e has f i l e d s u i t a g a in st Amoco O il C o., and Amoco P ip e lin e Co. in an attem pt to rec o v e r more chan $838,000 in p e n a lt ie s and dam ages from th e companies f o r two s p i l l s o f x y le n e l a s t December. The f i r s t s p i l l oc curred near D a n v ille when a p ip e lin e tra n sp o rtin g the petroleum by-product broke, a llow in g 700,000 g a llo n s o f th e su b sta n ce to le a k in to th e Wabash R iv er. The second SP^-T1 happened near Humrick w ith o n ly a few hundred g a llo n s, e sc a p in g , but vapors were so strong in th e a rea o f th e s p i l l th a t l o c a l r e s id e n ts had to be evacu ated . W . y PRODUCED BY FORD 1 Memorandum To B ill/F r e d S u bject:^ C h a ra cteriza tio n o f Automobile Brake Drum Dust r e f: C onversation w ith A.E. Anderson, S c i e n t i f i c Lab, 5/ 3 0 /78 Samples em ittin g u n altered c h r y s o tile f ib e r s can r e s u lt from the fo llo w in g a ty p ica l brake usage: New L in in g- some d ir e c t f ib e r e m issio n s. Infrequent Brake Usag e- r e s u ltin g in a la y e r o f r u s t bonded to the f ib e r s . (F ib ers can m igrate to the su rfa ce under wet co n d itio n s and bond w ith r u st. Speeds o f 15-20 mph. w ith r e s u ltin g tem peratures are n ecessary to change the morphology o f c h r y s o tile to f o r s t e r it e .) "Abusive C o n d itio n s- e .g . d r iv in g w ith th e parking brake, weakens th e bonding of the fib ers to the binder. U n fortu n ately, s tu d ie s documenting un altered f ib e r s do n ot ela b o ra te on the methods employed fo r th e s e l e c t i o n o f sam ples. R esu lts are r e a d ily published in the media and th e impact occurs n e v e r th e le s s . Signed Carolyn B. Zelek Gn Adm n 4 7 \ ( c0 Dept, or Location Date May 31, I 978 002285 PRODUCED BY FORD |