Document MGZqrLD3KypqEJa9ybGpJeQVx

38--Industrial Toxicology TABLE 38-D ALKALI EQUIVALENTS TO ABSORB CHLORINE Chlonne Container (lb net) 100 150 2,000 100% Caustic Soda (lb) 125 188 2,500 Water (ml) 40 60 800 Soda Ash (lb) 300 450 6,000 Water (ml) 100 150 2.000 Hydrated Lime (lb) 125 188 2.500 Water (ml) 125 188 2,500 shift the container or containers so that chlorine gas can escape If possible, transfer the containers to a suitable con veyance and transport them to the open country 9 Pinhole leaks m cylinder and other con tainers may sometimes be temporarily stopped by tapered hardwood pegs or metal dnft pins driven into the holes First turn the container so that only gas is escaping Use extreme care in driving the plug, because the wall area surround ing the hole may be thin and crumble When this emergency measure is taken, empty the cylinder as quickly as possible 10 At usual points of storage and use, make emergency preparation for disposing of chlorine from leaking containers Chlo rine may be absorbed in caustic soda soda ash or hydrated lime solution Caustic soda is recommended because it absorbs chlorine most readily The recommended proportions of alkali and water are given in Table 38-D 11 Provide a suitable container to hold the solution m a convenient location Pass the chlorine into the solution through an iron pipe or rubber hose weighted to hold it under the surface Discuss the details of such preparations with the chlorine supplier Mechanical devices for plugging leaks in chlorine containers of various sizes up to tank cars, available from suppliers of chlorine, can be kept on hand They are highly efficient if used by framed individuals Chlorine dioxide is used as a bleaching 1136 agent and for odor control It is liberated from acid solutions of sodium chlorite and from reactions of sulfur dioxide with sodium chlorate in acid solutions Dangerous concen trations aie detectable by its strong, un pleasant odor Chlorine dioxide is a greenishyellow gas, which decomposes in sunlight It is a strong respiratory and eye irritant Acute inhalation exposures cause bronchitis and pulmonary edema, accompanied by de layed symptoms and slow recovery Repeated acute exposures give symptoms including coughing, wheezing, respiratory distress, nasal discharge, and eye and throat irritation Chlorine trifluoride piesents a serious haz ard due to its oxidizing nature--upon contact with other combustible material it may cause a fire It is also a known primary slon irritant--skin contact can cause inflammation It is suggested that the safety precautions out lined m data sheets, or those recommended by the manufacturer of this material, be clearly understood before this compound is used The literature reports that the pathologic find ings were severe pulmonary irritation in dogs and rats exposed to this material compared with no remarkable pathology m the controls The threshold limit value for this material was set on the basis of acute, subacute, and sixmonth chronic toxicity studies on laboratory animals Chloroacetic acids are similar to acetic acid in their general properties but are stronger Their strength increases with increasing amounts of chlorine m the molecules Trichlo roacetic acid is nearly as strong as the mineral acids and is extremely corrosive to the skin