Document MGMj5KG4k3KvZYEdLMaR5YZoj

zr*** i F.?tcz upon the ?;-.ysicol Condition c.r ; n: r r 2 r r I - -, . 1 , i t > fi w. . The following report Is submitted on one study begun o:i .19, 1933, of the duet hazard in the Oekfield plant of the 7.T : C" 1 r-- FLAK? was first na.de and our depressions Vei-e these observations -yielded thB following points which v.-^re r-rrardfi as sirnificcnt: . "I - -- U . - ed o eao e.- of d ere ca-cir.ir. er.u to the mtur of the dus r r - - e plant devoted to crushing, -- v.ere :u!ta dusty but owing his was not considered hazard- ctlng the can or nen who cr <% ss the buhr stones ocrsor.s would be subjected to dangerous quant! -- 1- k ... . CH3 clusters l\*e d o;-- bis ccar.riiias ::' ;i-3 silica. Zl-.i lid: --j -''ascior. :c; :e oper ators appeared to expose rhe v.-?r:-roer. to -rrc t u V* " " * J /* I ccr.e by sen or. tre secor.o I field illirrixaticn sr.s-.lle jv Id j vi Cl .a or.a r.:e car. e ce- a: a. 1 Looizisn: Operation Ti.-e: e 2 z * la z m irillir.r ir. i^r irst Hole *2-t?d 2.C: r~ 1-i ictea Isetrie Dri drilled or.* hole. i -- --- - - r z Soar* - --* * % : * o <> 9 ' ~ 9 ** - I j i i i -.1 / .. *__ p Started: 10:37 ~1 - < e > I. :5 s o i i i r lisiad 11:20 i.Lr - .^uto. feed - 1" Trill. 1'ur.ber cf nzrriei*s (les- thrr. 1C u) rsr c: s r. t I*. t * >17 \ ator as or sar.ole ..-JJ __,,r.utss Z'lzT S t n.? 2. G Z" "Tl'SSSn* ,e standard li v;- a 3>d ^ O' ely : r. r.-ri; icn. ii 1 Lsciiti Tii;e si:1 1 ur r.c rtcd c : T r - >~-- Lzw J V". r *"*n M* * a I -U'..- c ijr ^t f J t :.r it , * 4 ,w ' 3j i -- f --- i t i'ccvc 4 i/2 above floor; tnu I VA C eir VJ C C v r 1 i Id n Tine D ?i ; w O . C/-> T /o ** * 2 * T / O*. ^ ve :: siie I j . .. _ . i . -1 -* / t t / M S -.3. X", --3 n Tir.e t i;c2 rf E -- --> t 3?e i. * i i ---------------- ---- - - - .--SO' oa.-i -l:.:*-, .J . ' . Li: P 9 * * ' I T e - -a ** , i *** v / l' s *5 o , --, - -C. e: i / \ ext i - Z-r.zzd I --* (I o \ < .rciticn: 71 .. i i ZJC'i j fro. r.o.tiiv / />/ e e ... j . * it i 1  cer.:s in 1 I i -c. 24 Location: Operation: Titne: 2 L ** -- _ C events : 3rd lo.-'zh Fassa^jv.ay. ain couth Started < eV 1:37 "* c - w - - ^ er .r-2*: i-r.z c^cse junction xritfc caller drift. J ' f -* ' Crer-:ion: in tr.c :.coi r'ini.-hed 2:23 1/2 ,. .-c. :.ct es : Counts: -- j : :-c -a c.ort /* r ** * V < . * .... * - i :ur-cer of rsrtici-js (less thtr. 10 u) tsr cu.ft.o:' air. :'o. r:cLoca rim Cpsr-tls; lir.e : -.z I'OZZ cf :.-3 s..; T . Lo.dln3 Started 3:47 1/2 Finished 3 :2 1/2 75 ft. Fores I'sh c 1 as err .--i : t = a past i ; 2E.5a.~a. .:s t I 1 I j Opernti -~:ciz : am m TA ' . Q n ^ ^ -- ' ' *-* Grinding '::elerj.:cr. ^ "M. w J accelert. I ever T 4 .. 4 -I i .I | J J  '"1 i --:o Jerresr. C^lcirjors (?:ctc.ry --ilr.) Calclr.iry i*,ir;ed 10:07 1/2 ririrred 11:11 1<2 10:12 1/2 t 1 *.. _ ... 7ir:e c o r. er.s 0 j w /,-. oi' iir ;j:; sorter, convene f *- c t- tstrrer. screens. i 1 c1 lOC^ti-CTi: Zi~7 : 3ar.v;een Hill "ills =,*' i . eras : ~ C w 1 r-te .Parcel:; . g of .-.old Ir.siiv.jle i'soerisl c sluice, is cr ar.v e.thliee* r.. / -- ---- - J"1 ;i\':er.cc ir. the industrial atr.csrhere c:' a sufficlent rusr.tity cf silica psrticler cr other dusts k.-.cv- to rrrdv.ee rfrrtr.-:::: injury tv the lvr.ro In such s state cf fineness that thev car. be inhaled. The fcreroir.g tables :evert in detail the results cf cue --------1 <---- 4 ""resertc locations throughout the plant and Ir* ec*c^itt*l^oAr". ^ V ^ e are crcsr.cei appropir.te places, sr.-.lyses cf the . - ** 4 . or tern-.fed anhydrite end re; resents a l ret:-, c-r.c cj r. t red underground is txvc anhydrous calciun sulphate. Tills raterial srov;s fro:: a truce tr f.C.' -:i.i i: solI-.- 'c:ul!'?Q Ir. the dr 4 ' * 4 , over:::;:; : r.r. -:r` r* r Average counts obtained curing thir. crc-ruticn srr.ed II,cvO.ODC cles per cubic foot of air. Since the silica :e:::e:.~ :f th : :r negligible, the dust produced lr. drilling it can not he regarded as - capable of producing silicosis until ccr.cer.tr:;i r.na rf net:lv 1, . WV , JS , 000 particles per cubic fcot of air are created. \ ground involves the : er.ov^l cf r::; r: w.v - - o- to 5 3.0,u of acid insoluble material, retrerr . V. -- * i ^ J <r J. i c I. - 3 C ^"6 . - ..J . C. . i, ,, . during 4 *. 4 _ ^ ^4, C - C ~ C .. t: d _ _ . W 5 JI*"* ~ , w -, ^^ 4* w ^ ,------------ - - -------------------- ----- cubic foot of air. Obviously, this work is theoretically the to raesreous frcrr. tn; or. ' e - - r- In character, it ir.vt.vc: on r.c-t free sill?:, but corf:.ins f. v; 4" * ------------- . = , tt is into; *1 * 4 .. . . . A.' rv.sr?r.ccd in th? r '.****_ i *> -- r* < * 7.;;^. ?Ln*?. *V,,:: er.rarec *" ^**"i'* -% -- *** -- ^ ^^5 ci^int ere exposed only to the ctost cf raw vpsus:. Samples v-cre taler. on the weighing floor, over the conveyors on. the upper floor, er.; r'.ncon t: * hao'eser mill. These samples wer : oil coler. do-ir.y rerula: operations \ and the counts chtalr.ed Indies:-: that there io r.ct or. e:<.* o tve ~";- v---------- - - i ; -C iw , w -O , . :it Is advisable tc install err ipotent T.-hich ..'.11 */ ,. _ j . oo:: sr.ov.s cio: - - --C /1 . 1 ), o ;1 There ore tv-o sources :'r:o v.hich e :us ccntsooinaticn v recur in this the refractory material linin.3 the .i ' ~ m, c. * * *. ' * V t ore portion of the yrinoir..- operation. hcoord for the follov.ir.3 reasons: oooh the refroooory material ar.i the burr' 0tones ore v.c-11 encloses, e L:r.z\\:\t cf si.icccuc c rr.ti.-ir.tticr. ir.i d'j; t cor.- \ cer.tratlor.s urcur.s thesr operations is not excessive. Samples tah.en .s h ^ * w c . i * 1 c i. 2 z 1 r. c' c r. ^ . >, * T icreer.s :.nc near the call r.llls cut due to b:-c: trial c tr.t av.ir.a t icn it '"ill te ::e?ssjir" . o tote new oa.-p_es free: locations. Cr.e individual operati ert, that of tr ir_-.ir. p the bu'r stones, will bf sid?rfc 5LOCK Tee dust treated ir. tut air but this is r.ct regarded as si -- if icon cles ver cubic f- ct of air. Trie :-rr. ter.tr - - -- -* * - 4 . r . equipment should be provided which _ *. . / y;5 * > ~*-* ^. -*' * ^ ^ : in the blech plant and ctruitt: alv.tst entirely of Sjpsur.. A sutple tuhen near the center of the plant shews only about S^O, ~ '-C ~^*'4-*c'r-a tcubic feet of air. This center, "ration is lower than that found c: (rv-iu_ tlttht) t. - f' - 4 . j ---- i t . ^ ^0 -- --1'. ~ r t Vc u to criiwici *ic.'j c r -- ' -u..-: in cither * 4 b * *..c -- -u^h-m end o * the t*oiir*d pl3.r*t Is & machine for polishing veneered hourda. Snnples were not obtained near < . 4 .. this Itboretorv -- shovn clonits ^*t- - -- 4 & ....... - " ^--N- O- -<*-*-*>*--*-. --i *. *> --< rO' f* f * * s c/I . l~lflC2-. ^ ^ 1 " ac rc. * '- <3 * -here are a rreat rar r ' used . in rrecer.r la Cher.icnl ar.alT'.r r:' the ri:'.r -i ?'\r:: silica, and chit cZ.C;j cf the sar.d is free :trccrcchic analysis In t2 -- w2r*s a s. c r* *. i.r. a t.\ z y i*. i 11 zz discloses this coarse scr.: *>*5 CC 2. Iv C t Qf. :v-.r .*7 ; rafters ever - : v::u: *12. 2/T a: 2 . C*; ^eid ir.st: Lysis * C. ri -- - -- <n 2 - J a ~ tt the -ttrial, v.hiie Tree. Z1. 0,1 O '/ J reerte, the cast in the air my contain froa IG.O;; to 23.C,1 quartz. Obviously, the dust created In the Bakin.- of sanded plaster rust be reardcd a- haazzuardous but this hazard a p--pec 3 o be . -j V h ;: Gurries chtuiv-'i ; in tosh paper and jute tars :r. me hir.es provided with erd'-uust Vvrtii In t i cr. si. rv. <? d .Ttcz; ,2C2f2Z2 ' t ZZ 2 tZ Z Z curricles ror curio foot of air. another saisple tales.-, near the sure .tach.ir.ss curing the packing of wood fiber plaster shewed 15,C?C,CTT particles rsr cv.'tic foot of air. These concentrations represent about the highest perr.i.is- lbie ccur.ts and it would erresr adr*cahle to i-.-r;v-;- orl.avst * id the head cf th --* I - - / 57psua or v;cod fioer plaster cr. toe zisciiir.es protected wit:, eri-cust c --- ----' . ------------------ .i - - -- ..v, ww - i r a- ourticles cer cuesc S--.pies secured near the r:12 Bates Packer (which has nc eri^srust sister) dv.rlr." tint *. . 2;,CCDjU-CO to j ------ C- -- - - -i. 's **.*" --r ^ ^ ^ * Hi to If, i :i,-21 qu-rtc particles per cubic foot cf air. Thi it c;..sidv;-*.-d ue a defir.i t =ip ha surd tut concentration of harmful dust. The concentration cf quarts particles per cubic foot of air O'.:;:'.: ro: >*w :-r r _ ; c A sa:::rie t^Aar. near the :.-12 tainer durir.c the r.ixir.j of sanded plaster showed 146,000,000 particles per cubic foot of air. * s'*4 <**. * * $v*osc i *"2 * -- ^ L'^r'clc*-- c --ci. r'o*-*-- o v/lthlr. 10,000,000 particles. A ssr.pie recovered r.ear the pcir.t where fine sand is delivered cc the :r.i::cn sh.'"-d than 11.011,010,010 ir. a .section of the warehouse equipment oh.rule be installed in the air to the -ini:TM. ,,r./t of sanded plasters sh.suid he dene < a-- -* : -1 4 * vw W -- * 2.0,n. A sar.ple taher. in front of - .ree quartz varaes traia to 3,CCO,COO particles per cubic fcot of air. Chouoh the cust is definitely hatard can not be very ................. - ..................... w... sand plant cccuries a roller crusher rs; shf.ved the excessive c or. c art ft t ion of 217,100,000 particles tar .o fact of air. Zvery effort should to reads to l:eep th.e at.rant of 4 v V - .ir cf this plant to a nlniatusi which should never exceed 10,000,0C0O0O particles per cubic foot for in these con- Ct r:.s this : is dorpc: ls shewn that the" contain 97.0,^ acid insoluble r.nterial cr... prtre- grannie analpsis indicates the. chc ncteriul is ,, . *- 1 t -- normal quarts. sor.pl'e obtained near the head of the ran encaged in trimming these stones with an air ha rarer showed 6,fC0,0CC r ntislrs per cubic foot of air. This concentration is near the re.nirr.un per- nzsslzle r uz z**z z r* * * c * 1 s ^ ^",d*"z,*,z:sz z l".r. zr. ^ zs . or to ezv.io t:'.? czf: . .. ^ 4 , * - ..V - .* It is recc--ended that the fell: z s r. z e re sez to O -* `a-. -- ------ -------- ------------------------_ > _------------- -4 4. I'er. t rimir.r zu.tr stcr.es. L r enpcctu to excessive c:r.ci.r.:ro; i rr.s cf dust . li;. 4 *. i *. severe juincr.sry a_a.a;:e is produced by silica, and if it :s assumed that jyr psum or calcium sulphate is relatively harmless it teoerss essential to ascertain the relative proportions of these two sub stances in the atmospheric dust of this plant. It was eroumad that this could he accomplished ty making a preli.uir.ary count of the tcta,l dust particles if. the air scr.vles, then distc 1 .'in.a tr.a c 1 ti'uu .sul icles which would rot re at tacked by aoit. ~:r this procedure has proven ursatisfactory ar.d it is deemed advisable to make a-smecisl stud*.* of this rrcrlem ir. a 4 4 ^ *. W d J .i-. . _ - * V- a ; direct microscopic eramiratic r. the re la 11 tr.tr. -- .... - -- -. ._ --,. -- . < . .... -' _ not cmly' the relative prcpcrtitr.s cf 1 < ~1 i ` atm.os - pheric dust but to learn whether tr.e gypsun may r.ct save been respons ible for the format icr. of arrre^ates of silica parti: es aare to be- inhaled. The subsequent settlors cealir.y with the condition cf the wcr!t:.er. will tireless there is r.o c em.cr.c tr r- h le siliccsis amor.r them, ar.d some err.ia.-.sticn is necessary in view of the hi^h concentre- ti:r; of silica to which they have been exposed. ........ "" * yy _ v.-.rfe node on 101 men employed for r.a::i-u:n periods In various portions cf the plant. With two except! ons there was no evidence of disease cf the lur.3 end in the two cases > :.-n a curve :u:. of :i:e ::i:;v ss.d a :cv. v:lth rales In the top of his left lung. His r-rr.y picture showed changes which c -ulc. he interpreted as healed tuberculosis. Another tsar., Arthur L'.or.otte^ was ecployed for r.ir.e peers as a nascr. and brick layer. .Thile > e worked in all de rartr.cr.ts he spent r.cst cf his tine in the power plant furnace and repairing the celcir.ers. r?**'! gV** ' * ^y -- 4 ^ r> "Squeaks," ! 'j z-Ti '.*.o : .::: a; c:\zz-ir.'- fuli7 developed silicosis* 1- Otherwise the physical er^iir.Lticr-s the 7c zC The 111 czz zt cloudi r.esi ----- - ~ - * - - ~ e ce i ir.: cry or sir.us clsetse cr.c v.- "cut &, tr.orcurh. ::-rsy study of this .M * 4 c ~i - c. -!i-------- i r C CU_`_ custy occupations. Two cases cf heart disease and one cf hyperthyroidism were discovered tut neither of these could in any way he caused by Inhalation of dust. In addition there were numerous cases with tad tc-eth, tonsils and nasal conditions which were reported to the rter. r.cdical or dental attention. - given proper HClhlorhC-IOhlCAL ~MdCh showed cone evidence of aancr.v.ality ir. the lungs of C of the croup, cf 101, but in none were *1 the chances very pronounced. I.'o case could be diagnosed as silicotic. Z'r.i chur.res .us rvc; cuu'.n r.cc l-.. c r ::= I: : <:r i 131 the cr durs- ;i t. :: eccv t.1 c>r.!.I e:v : rv: : - ' cl: r r i 'l ' *: c:.:n v era giv u?`- ^ t-cccrdin.r tc- the theoretical htr.trd : :* their occupation -s .'cllcv.s; Cc -upstlcn Tatle I. hunter In Group Euhr Clone Drcs'sers......................................................... 2 Warehouse only. ................................................................... 6 i * 1'iscell: rus Cccupcr icr.s v.i-:-i Miscellaneous Occupations v.ith . ho '":r house '.Tori:......................................................... r lock ; 19 10 Laboratory Tester.............................................................. 1 ... J w ________ ___ _ ^ S* ^ V r. -- -- i .. U 4 - V- j served ir. ::.f rc-tr.tye:::" ar.s the r.orr.ai linear shadows cf the lur.r and [2] e dlf fus e haolress throughout the central portions of the lur_r fields. Ir. the table following, the first chance 13 designated as ar.d the second as The appended numerals Indicate the intensity of these -- I- - ' ~ - j - ^ I m . c--*. ***7 o^ =:r.traro1cr^ cc'1 - * -n^^( Occurati ho.i:. Trcv. lilr.crs Elock Plant Only Miscellaneous with Occasional Warehouse exposure 10 Pneuncncl'. cnlosls u ; y J ^ ry - I 1i 1 10 0 0 1 3 00 83 06 00 Tuhercu1c els ::uo .cc euled C ildhood Adult CM O 03 01 21 .r \. Cc cv.vat lcr. 4 <-- I . Crcu: -' - * r * ; 1 2 ' 5 '1 . ::c . . c a ::w LiCC I-card Plane Only Warehouse Cnly Warehouse plus sene work elsewhere L'lscellaneous Occu pation. with no Warehouse Euhr 2tone Dressing Lsboratorv 19 6 9 19 2 1 5n 00S0 0 2 00010 2 100 2 4 0 1 0 2s90 000002 0 0 1 r, 0 0 0 0 4 1 3 0 1 ? 1 0* 0 0 1l C ................ * * * . . * * * * - ** " class I f ica11 an ir.dica tiny a d r & ... ** a * i a # . ,.f . ^ . # - ' ------------------------- 1".,' 4 t reaction occurs raost : requer.t 17 in men ex posed to pure gypsun dust, i The ere sent; cf this 1 _ :he -- 4 f ^** rc r.t cc cur - tic r.i.1 rrcvrs is s\t.rr.erri c ? cl 2. c I'rLLrT^r \. C C CUTL ^ ^ CCC -- 4 * V* "'i i c*jc . Eiii'd Plant........................................................................................ Warehouse Cr.iy................................ .............................................. 16^ Warehouse rich Ills cellarsous Occupations Elsewhere................................................................................... 11," Die cellar.ec us oocuyscicr.s with r.o 'iVarehcuc e --- _-- w * * sf" v^; P-uhc' Ptor.e Dressing.........................................................................0 The elrr.lficar.ee cf this ch.ar.gc- he: r.ot beer. ceflr.iit-lv ascoriair.c-d for lack of autopsy material upon which to base an Inter pretation. Individuals do r.ot always show a decree of reaction corresponding to the duration of their employment, but aneng the rrev.r of nine rs 3 = d 0f chore era l:yt r ` t o 1C y.._:-c :!tv: it while if ter wintry fro.- ll tr :: y, fv-\ a: : ::. -:u ; V chur.tea of this tyro. Ir. aha tied: pisr.t group the correr:ending pc re entices for the scree cnpioyuent periods were 20 and 40,'' re spectively, while in the "Iccasicnal Warehouse Fnplcyn er.t Croup" none showed it under 13 years of exposure. In two miners exposed i for 9 and 21 years' respectively this chance was ccnrlicated hy sene enphyseaa. For these reasons v.e are inclined to associate this i chanye with an exposure to gypsur. --it, tit .ve vc no clear under j Trie ether tyre oi ro ::.t r.: c har.se encountered v.hioh is lac sled "F" consists cf an accentuation cf the linear shadows cast bv the brco.ohl and ditto vessels. This ch.ar.~e caul: not de correlated with -.he type of iutt to which the r.er. in the s. dressers who r.us t have 'teen enposed to considerable puar.tities a; fine silica hut cr.ly two-thirds of the x-rays of `.Varehcuse r.er. Faclter where- he would theoretically irdoale large tarants cf silica had a ncrnsl chest picture. This warehouse croup of only 6 sen is probably too snail and the duration of their exposures is too United (all under 12 years) to perrrit statistical analysis. Possibly if the group were larger the finures would have rreved ncre enlightening. It is still cur belief that if silicas: hculd . eopear after further enpesure It would occur in r.er. etthibi"* - o- an "F" type cf roer.tgenogrsn. Or.c ran, y.or.ette, a r.uscn and bricklayer for 9 years, as already mentioned, showed a change classified as Ft. In his co3e the accentuation of the linear markings v/as accompanied by a rug- ycstion of beading along the trunks such a; c :c -- j . .: ly rili- ccsir. This r.ar. r.sy hove inhaled c::::::::-:]; -is; r -f .- i: i : lr. his work :T repairing furnaces cr. j c:.icin>.rs v.i.ic:. : re ; :-tcur.cb; lined with refractory silica trie',:. However, eve., i.c could not be called a case of fully developed silicosis. Tuberculosis was always car.ifested as hcalvc lesiens in the roer.tgenogrc.nsi The changes were of two typ.-s, (1; the "child hood type" which represents the first contact cf oho body with the tubercle bacillus ar.d (2) the "adult type" v.h.ich occ.u-s when the body is again infected with this ge--. The call into. res::!:.. c 1 e* e of cr.e or acre ic elated nodules c: the lur.g and another focus in c l~pn node situ-oed -t the roct of the .lur.g Such ncdules of infection oe :f line salts which, renders then easily heal v.:-;h. a deposition .'.e in ar. x-ray filn. t h cr. excessive deccsi- such infectious lesiens was no greater the V c 4 . of tuberculous crar.re. generally occurs in the upper portion of the lung. It also r.omaliy tends tc heal but occasionally it spreads ar.d gives rise to v/idespread nanifest clinical tuberculosis with symptoms and possibly fatal teminaticr.. Hive cr possibly seven in this series cf gyesun workers showed evidence of e previous adult type cf tuberculosis, but in every case the lesicn had completely healed without exhibit ing the slightest tendency to spread. If a corresponding nunber of rcc-r. exposed to pure silica dust were in question, it is safe to assume that sene of these adult types and possibly- even the child hood types of tuberculosis would have shown evidence of spread and progression r) --__ 1; 1, vetvrs II 12 ri 12 12 ii 12 M * r -- X 16 It -i7 !l ** n It IS tl 12 rt 21 it *C* *^S ti 25 rt 5 ff 7 rt C rr 's n e it -- >J M 1C rt C ....... c* D. Paoiucci A. Paolucci A. Frigcni s !T. Feeluce I A. Ferrari D. flis T( V - - * ' P. Taddei c v,--- ^ Vw C -r r. 7S ,i CO . 64 7 5S -v t 1 - SO 73 "1 ^ - G. rafero J. Callar.sn v. . : urn e ?. Du its. 1-75 -* 24 25 19 Board Plant CnlT 1. Heiderrich 2 J. V.'cods 3. '.Vert'.'. (2 yrs. outside) 54 r ? Z. Green ii re *' -- - 25 s/ n'irJ'.e t o rr. 37 S. Davidson 35 - T *t r 1 Primary complex,L Ti Fi Primary complex, ?. ?i lu.r^e Hear* r > i T * .j* ?i *' 1 Dmr re*He er" ?]_ n n , C L 1 C ' ' c ^ 4 ?. c . r.:e r. rr. Fi ZmpDysema -^ ?i Fi F Primary corn- tier. ,P,-. ar.d F1 Lt Die t o Ditto C 0 - Po Calcified both apices V 10 veers C# IQ II E. =u.~:t ead 10 " I. Davis 10 " S'. Davis- 11 " L!. A1 - & n 12 " R. Harris 12 Vi. C-rc-er.e --- w T. 14 M V* 5-c^wV.r^ 15 " 16 CO Vi A1 - n Allsr. 34 . . 52 . . 5 . 2. . cOwCle.r ,Lt va * ... 25 . . .... 0 3 . . "i s.. 35 . . 2? . . -- * -- -- * *- ; + *1 t V.'.rch:v'e Cr.lv 5 C *' 6 10 " 11 12 " Tc* -:rr.;r: r ft. -- C *+ ' 5chr. ~ith (5at3 ?a.cl:er) A. Bec.r.vith D. Joslvn --- 1C- . , c^ 17 . . Cc-pler., Lt r ? -r. j C:2\\r Lzr.z -- . < - TV-*- 5+5 " 5-r25 " Yi~. "a~-.Torch Z. Dir.ehart oc "1 f Privory era i- 1 ->*" - 'T X*t. 7 1/2-1 vro. :;ctz',:a *3 yrs. E. F.arl 9 . . F2 7.. 9 +1 " A. Hansel 93 . . * F g i* - J c\ - ^ -- ci y* -a r. 1/2.21 yi'c. J. Retains 10 + 19 ii ililrs Mar rah 12 + 10 it Chas. Miller 15 + 7 tr Burt S=ith " 1 ,r^ .- - O' P<r> * ...4 **<.. r r " ?l5X Rt.-r 1 15. . . . . . PX 6. . 5 . , O ? r. ~ els': Rt'. + 1 c pears ft 12 If 12 11 15 ri 15 tt 15 ii 2c :i 16 IT 17 f! 20 ri 21 ir 25 ti 98 9 II 10 It 10 II 12 Ml ? z c-~ 1 a ~ e rus v.'i th 0z : a ficr.nl 'Vcrl: ir. '----Me i:v-eutt- Ire'1 * km lco:*3tt3 uisson, tell e r s zr.d 5 4. . . F- . Ma_ler {Carper." er) D. Bov;ten Z. Border. S. Zoaai::: 57. . ?! == . . . . c 2X . r c-i - . Balfour 4. . - M. Freiiaj CO -J 4 \ i . C rr4 2 c z cl". ~ r o . . 4 :-:3i= 1l. J. Hordan G* 1 g TO ,,ir^A*"s*TOU - O Vi c r. D. Millet ?. ::-th A. Burr L. Park 42. . 50. . :* 97. . Cc *( pier., Rt. - r> T ^ r , 94 . . 96. . 20. . 21. . Fi -V ' i r. * 11 r, n ** 11 11 j;^o E. Kewton Kent Ed. Kale C. Kanetto 13 B. I ami (Kir.? 7 yr= ) 99.......................... Fo Primary Complex. 14 .A. Sc hull: /u do K. Stever.s --^ - - -~ f V4 C V-5 . ' yrc. ) C_s .u:ercu_osis :. and L <r o From this analysis of the x-ray and clinical examinations, it v.-culd appear that gyp cur. dust i.thaled in hirh c sr.ce r.trations over periods as lent as 22 to 25 years does r.ot produce ohar.ro z ir. the lur.r e s.a_r.tair.ea that this dust has r.o e fleet on the iur.rs for only 12 of the 101 rten examined show v;lut could so interpreted as negative lur.y roer.tycnoyrams, tot there v.us r.o oli:.io_l evidence th_t yrcur. iniculation had produced disability, '.'."hen silica dust is also present in the industrial atmos phere with the gypsum dust thl3 substance bar. not excited the reaction V to v. at rut c h a n g o s but such changes cculd not be disccv-red. Two explanations have sug- gestei themselves: either that the g.-psun by virtue cf its physical properties clump's the silica particles in the air into aggregates tea large to be inhaled or that gyp. u.t tis sue reaction to silica. Is the absence cf any data on the subject it j seems r.ore lihely that the former : l.-.ua t ion : a- re th.e ureter- :r.c. ' posed as long as possible to mixtures of silica and gypsum, so thal C I'.i J.L. C 3 ----j1 ic 1* ~ 1 ir \ c. cc**rcc*, -i-- ^ Tl-.c invest!^:. r.2.3 i.sc c.e::or.:;:*i:cc & -- - oC trc 'resF. ire tu- : :cv. 1:; vitv. tr.n" lit* Li r j * ^ - 5 beer, inhaled, for any er.rossc. c -- v ^ 55 *? q - - m * should contain 10 to '-- c`-Vr- ,w..Ait*h\- active tuberculous lesicr.c. It has teen, claimed that gypsum dust protects against tuberculosis. E. L'aer.di (Isitschrift fur Tuberhv.lcse 1=21,XT-T.*, 1 = 4 ) quotes risos-k, without citing the source cf his fig-urea, to effect that of 40,=24 deaths among lir.e and gypsum worhers only IV C.al/i were due tc tuberculosis and that among 4CC emplcyees in one gypsum plant {presumably German cr Austrian) no death from tuberculosis had occurred in 1? years. Znam- ir.ation of the death records in Canfield and the nearby towns might demonstrate whether the Incidence of deaths from tuberculosis or other respiratory disease was equal to or below that for ether industrial C i tCC* Tv.C CLdC 0*" *' ' - * - .. . . ,* - -......... . ., free; Cahfieli !::.vc c c:.;o to cvr :*. ... h::*v. occur. PA?:-:ClC7T - Laclc of .7.ateriol forbids cry elaborate discus sion of the tissue changes produced by the inhalation cf gypsum in pure fora or in combination with silica or other substances. \ Anic.al experiments are ir. p: r-.'ss T-iriru r.-s :*c. beer, suff icier, tip lent to ha car:, ir. ; ;\Lr.i reaction. One autopsy on c. gypsum v.rr'.-:er efforts of hr. Tcr.lels at Canfield. This the U. S. Gyps-- -'-it - cents titer ar e r.ot c^zc-ir.cz cr. 3 01 ~rior to hir "O t*` 1 C * CO- i. 2.3 1 CIS V/S.S ^"iOC 0 OS t - 1.3 PTSSHTl would hare shear, an acct ut.'.ut ion cf the linear : was a rather marhed accumulation cf dust along veoeslo acoc~T.ir.yi::t crcr.ri , bleed vessels and -- -------------- tissues between the lur.t 'lobules. These struct by the dust and slightly thicher.sa ; u --tf * w . i- -- -- . -< - e. 5 amount of r.ev: connective tissue bu there was no fibrosis and no nodules such as occur ir. silicosis There were nodaleo in the lung: ar.d lynph nodes cf "childhood tuberculosis" which had healed with very extensive calcification, leath occurred free: coronary arter ial disease which could not be associated with dust inhalation. The character of the pulmonary changes was that of the reaction pro duced by r.ar.y non-irritating ducts, line soft coal ar.d marble. This report ci;:Ireec rch; 1" lm- ,:T.pI oyc-eo of the - T-p-cua: c::a-; ..-he Vc Is r.o cose of definite si lie cr is r. vr one of active rvLr.r culosls. These findings were scot ..'hot surprising in view cf the fact that in some portions of the pT/.na, notably near the rainer over the #12 Packer, there were .total dust courts as rich as 11 Pillion parti cles per cubic foot of air with a free silica content which r.irht be as high as 3 billion particles. The fsem." chat r.o silicosis occurred in the group of 6 nen employed exclusively in this part of the plant, and that the one ran who had warned cr. this particular r.achir.e for 10 years showed a nsrr.al chest, threv.-s sor.e dcuba upon the erister.ee of a hazard under the cc r.di ticr.a encountered ir. this ay0:ur. plant. .is ar. er.pl:.r.atior. the hypothesis was suggested that the tendency of gypsua: to torn aggregates dunped the silica particles into r.asses too large to be inhaled ir. siar.if icar.t a.uar. t it ies. I.'evertheless it rust r.ot bo taher. for yranted that with further exposure of 10 or rare years theca r.er. would remain free frcr. ditease. The occurrence of an "7" classification in so na.ny of the roentgenograms suggests that with continued erpocure scr.e of these aer. r.iyht ulti mately develop serious pulmonary dacaage. . As far as gypsum due t is concerned net hir.y has been s 21'"*" d *,v'n l.c'* w o\i Id d i s * * *r* c ^ jup r ^ ^ i - -w i ^ ^ ^ 4 ~ ^ ^ would prove to be quite harmless. Probably it is respansible for certain changes in the r-rty pictures of the lungs but there is nothing to indioete that these changes are associated with physical disability. Trsces cf active pulmonary tuberculosis ore wanting and -/ ths; i e rue ted fr;r: y - r*r : ycv:.: hm r . The evidence cv/j-. *.h * ' v'. . : :ul;v:. i: f-jcricn I- present the cue". inhal.d in this ;l..::t Joes net tend t 0 cause it to become active for lf of the pictures shewed well heeled foci of childhood tuberculous infections and 5,u of then disclosed -.healed- adult tuberculosis. However, it cannot be claimed that such infection never becomes ~ro_resclve in men .. i t h. yypern exposures. Her these reasons it is of utmost in.rortar.se to select for test c.ses individuals without ascive tuberculosis cr obvious silicosis in order that unfavorable precedents map not be established that in the gypsum Industry. If it can be dicscvered/cerch.ar.ce such con- ditisr.s er.ist among the treur cf oases scheduled for trial, we woulc urge that they be settled by ssmr.rsmise and that the test be based ; upon the typical case. \' 71HZITCH a/. Cj^c$j \ . 4 ' *IV1