Document MGKzaDy5r9R3wkwE437VE8N5z

MINUTES of the Asbestos Textile Institute held June L thru June 7i 1956 in New Torkj Thetford Mines and Asbestos, P. Q,, Canada IN ATTENDANCE! F, J, Wakem, President J0HNS-I1ANYILLS CCRP. ASBESTOS CCRPCEATiai, LTD. I. C. Campbell Q, ? Jenkins P, E. LeClerc J, A. Marcotte BELL ASBESTOS MINES, LID, Geo, Smith H, A, Smith F P. Smith GASSIAR ASBESTGS CCRP., LTD. ^J, D, Christian /T. T. Tigert JOHNSON'S CCfcPAITX, LTD. A. S. Johnson W, J. Johnson Carl Bindman Gao. Robinson JOHNS-MANmLE CORP. 0? CANADA J, C, Kelleher JOfflS-MANVULE CCRP. E, A. Schuman W, Atkinson W, S. Sough KEASBEI & UATTISOR CO, R. L. Lens A. E. Whitfield RAI3ESTCS-MANHATTAN, UIC. 11. S. Haler J. A. Brown R* 3. Smith II. W, Oliver S, R, Zimmerman, Jr, G, W, Marshall, Jr. ' SOUTHERN ASBESTOS CO. J. T. Griffis Geo. Griswold J. D, HcCluer ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE M. C. Shaw QUESTS: Frank Gatke Dr. Paul Cartier Maurice LaChance The second quarterly meeting of the Asbestos Textile Institute was held Jointly in New York City on June Lth and in Thetford Mines and Aabestoa, P. Q., Canada from June 5th through June 7, The meetinga in New Xork on June Uth were devoted to comittee discusaicns by the Air Hygiene, Sales Promotion and Technical Ccomittee and the minutes of these several meetings are herewith attached. On June 5, a group of fifteen members of the Institute Journeyed to Thetford Hines by rail, being delayed sen a eight hours on arrival due to track washouts, however, the reception tendered by our Canadian members and friends effectively served to ease the tensions of many shattered nerves. nn c. & f,/ C lc * \ The group toured the asbestos mines and mills in the Thetford area on July 6, and everyone was greatly pleased and impressed to see the many advances the sev eral mines in this area have made to provide an adequate supply of asbestos fibers of the desired quality. During the evening <bf July 6, the group met for a dinner meeting at the Balmoral Hotel, Thetford Mines. The meeting was presided over by President Waken vho addressed the meeting briefly and expressed the appreciation of the touring members for the well planned program of activities arranged by the hosts, iir, Waksra concluded his remarks with the observation that through such visitations and the sharing of ideas of mutual interest through the activities of the Institute the entire industry can and will advance and will be better able to serve the ever growing needs for asbestos textile products by the induatrys of tomorrow. Following the opening remarks by the President, the Chairman of the Technical Comoitte, iir. ii. V;. Oliver; Chairman of the Sales Promotion Cacsnittse, Hr, J. T, Griffis; member of the Air Hygiene Coanittee, Ur. R, B. Smith; and the Fellow, Dr. M, C. Shaw briefly addressed the meeting, describing the activities of each of the groups and setting forth the plans for anticipated future activities. The concluding portion of the meeting was devoted to brief addresses by members representing and mining industry who served as hosts for the tour, mong those who spoke were iir. Geo, Smith, President Q.A.H.A., Hr, J, A, Karcott and Mr. Carl Sindman. The meeting adjourned in a spirit of mutual understanding and appreciation between the two s egments of asbestos industry here represented. On June 7, the group motored from Thetford Hines to Asbestos where the raining and milling operations of Canadian Johns-Manville Corp, are located, A tour of the new Jeffry Mill and underground mine revealed still further the great strides that have been made by the asbestos milling industry in their effort to provide adequate supplies of quality asbestos fibers for all consumers. At noon on this day luncheon was served to all members of the touring party by Johns-Hanville Corp, and at the close of the luncheon iir, ICelleher and several of his associates of Johns-Hanville briefly discussed the various operations donducted at this plant. Following the inspection tour at Asbestos the group left by car for Richmond, there to entrain for the return trip to the United States. Ilyril C, Shaw, Secretary ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE * J > 08223, C: -Mr, J, 0, Schoepf, Treasurer Asbestos Textile Institute Ambler, Pa, hay 29, 1956 Deer Hr, Schoepfx la compliance with your request, examination was made of the books and records of the Asbestos Textile Institute under Dr, li. C, Shaves supervision on Monday, Hay 28, 1956, The audit covers the period fraa March 3, 1956 to nay 2C, 1956 inclusive. The Balance Sheet of the Asbestos Textile Institute at iiay 2C, 1956 is set forth below i ASSETS - Total Cash in Bank (Schedule A) Total Cash on Hand Postage on Hand * Furniture & Equipment (nominal value) / / LIABILITIES ^ 26,695*01 57*28 ,57 1,00 V 36,753*06 Social' Security & Withholding Taxes Net Worth 0 13.63 26,7^0,23 '26,753*66 * Other Asset items not included in above classification are shown in Schedule 3* The latest statement received from the depository (Chase-Manhattan Bank of New York) in which all funds of the Institute are kept, shows a balance of s/27,?13*8i* on April 27, 1956, The Petty Cash Fund totalling y!00,00 includes *>57*28 in cash and Ui2.72 in vouchers. This fund was verified by actual count. Schedule Ax Showing a reconciliation of the Bank Balance at Hay 28, 1956x Bank Balance per Latest Statement, April 27, 1956 Least Checks Drawn Subsequent, to Check No, Date Payee v 27,913.8h Amount 1090 1091 1092 1093 _109U V30/56 ix/30/56 5M/56 5/17/56- 5/25/56 M, C, Shaw Pennsylvania Company Petty Cash Phila, Textile Institute A, Pomerants BALANCE ON HAND IN BANK, MAT 28, 1956 v 901,55 193 88,86 18.65 16.33 1,218.83 26,695.01 06223a Checks numbered 1060 to 1072 inclusive, which were outstanding at the last audit were examined and found to be in order. Hank deposits during this period totalled vlii#31259 and were credited to General Fund, A reimbursement transfer in the amount of .>270.2h was made from the General Fund to the Petty Cash Fund, Schedule Bf Other Assets of Asbestos Textile Institute* ITU! . QUANTITY DESCRIPTION DATS ACQUIRED PURCHASE CCQT (a 7 Visual Aid Display Cases (b 1 Suter Tensile Tester (c) 1 Heat Aging Furnace (d) 1 Bausch & Lamb Triple Purpose Micro-Projector 1 Brabender Moisture Tester 1 Federal Thickness Gage 1 Mapes Magnetic Analyser 1 Scott Twist Tester 1 Abradoflex offioe Furniture it Equipment* 1* Steel Viork Benches 1 Steel Flat Top Desk 1 Steel Table 1 Swivel Chair < 1 Straight Chair 1 1 U Drawer Steel Legal File 2 Steel Storage Cabinets 5 Steel Book Case Units 1 Wall Costumer l Waste Basket Oc) 1 Temco Muffle-oven & Control (1) 1 Cenco Balance (m) 1 Electric Stopclock (n) 1 Abradoflex January 1950 August 19U7 April 1951 v 3jUHi.32 726.00 82*9,93 Hay 1952* September 1952* January 191*7 April 1952* December 19i*7 December 19i*7 9U.00 765.00 50.50 100,00 126,50 500,00 September 195U n. n n rt it n tt October 195U October 195U October 1952* January 1956 TOTAL 757*50 161.00 32.25 50,00 1,175.CO 8,802,05 Tours very truly. S, C, Gehraan, Auditor Vi e 0 622 3 />- ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE Treasurer's F.aoort Mav 28. 1956_____ Balance in Various Funds - March 2, 1956t Fellowship Fund General Fund Petty Cash Fund 0 10,981*43 5,051.98 90*33 1$,123,7U Receipts! Asses amenta* Fellowship Fund General Fund Testing Charges (General Fund) Handbook Sales (General Fund) '* 9,007.59 5,250,00 52.00 3*00 $ lli,312.59 Transfersi To Petty Cash (Fran General Fund) / / Disbursements Fellowship Fundi Fellowship Salary General Fund: s# 1,700.77 i 0 270*21* 270.2h i 30,706.57 0 1,700.77 Secretary's Salary Secretary's Travel Stenographic Expense Meeting Expense Legal Expense Auditing Expense Visual Aid Expense Petty Ca3h Transfer Hiac, Office I&pensa Petty Cash Fundi J S3h.2$ 25.2ii 79.CO 398.33 501.93 3.00 55.36 270.2L 82.32 $ 1,950.22 Laboratory Assistance Laboratory Supplies Misc. Office Expense Balance on Hand - Hay 28, 1956t 2U1.50 - 7.87 53.92 Balance in Various Funds - Hay 20, 1956 0 303.29 0 3.95U.26 $ 26,752.29 Fellowship Fund General Fund Potty Cash 0 18,288.25 8,1:06,76 57.28 y 26,752.29 Respectfully submitted. ; J. G, Schoepf, Treasurer O pf. MINUTES OF THE ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE AIR KIGIENE Cd-IUTTEE MEETING \ June U, 1956 IN ATTENDANCE HERE* D* R Holmes Ralph Smith, General Asbestos Dr. Kenneth Smith, Johne-Hanville Hr. George Griswold, Southern As'oestoa MCROTNG SESSION ffl "Die first item on the agenda was the discussion of Asbestoeia and Cancer in relation to the Taylor case at Lancaster, ?a., in which a state referee decided the case in favor of the employee on the basis of finding an Asbeatosis-Cancer relationship* This decision was made by the referee on the basis of writings ^y Dr. Eaaper of the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, / It is Dr* Kenneth Smith's opinion that most medical men consider that a normal X-Ray pattern must be shown in order to establish an A3bestosis-Cacar relationship* Prior to this meeting a memorandum was received from Industrial Hygiene . Foundation entitled PROPOSED EPIDSMOLOGICAl STUDY OF LUNG CANCER IN ASBESTOS WORKERS FOR TEE ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE. There are two questions raised in reference to this memorandum - 1* Whether there is a relation between Cancer and Asbestoeis, and 2* Whether a relationship exists between Lung Cancer and considerable exposure to asbestos fibres and dust. There are about 2,000 workers in this industry whose employment records could be a basis for such a survey. During the weeks of April 23rd and Hay 7th, visits were made to seven plants of the Asbestos Textile Institute* Conferences were held with representatives of management from er.ch plant. The purpose of this visit was to determine the extent of availability of medical records and employ- ment records in a period of time covered by them. Each plant was questioned regarding the number of known cases of Asbestosis and Lung Cancer, if any* The I.H.7, advisee that there axe at least 1,800 asbestos textile workers employed under observable conditions for periods sufficiently long to get a total of no less than 15,000 person-years. They also advise that this should be an adequate basis on which to predict with 90f5 accuracy, providing tha plant incidence is actually higher than that in the general population* It is anticipated' that the field work for such a study would consume a{> prcccLnately six months. An analysis of the data and any necessary review in preparation of the report an additional six months. On this basis, cost of the Air Hygiene Committee Heating. /Page 2 study is estimated at ^17,500.00 including travel and out-of-pocket expenses. The. cost of the initial fact finding survey was ^86^.00. This was slightly less than the .jl, 000*00 estimated. It was ths desire of the conmittee that a copy of this memorandum from the I.H.P, be sent to each member of the Air Hygiene Committee along ;ri.th a letter urging that each member of the committee impress the importance of this program to the Officers of his Company. This has already been done. I had a long discussion with Dr. Kenneth Smith in reference to this program covering the relationship of Asbeato3is to Cancer. It is his opinion that it is of primary importance that this program be adopted aa soon as possible, so that the I.H.F, could publish the results of this survey along with the results fraa a survey undertaken by them for the Quebec raining association. On Hay 11, 1956, a letter was received by the Chairman from a Dr. Kenneth M Lynch, President, of the Medical College of South Carolina. Dr. Lynch is doing sane work in' relation to the effect of Asbestos dust on laboratory animals ex posed for prolonged periods in dusting chambers. He is. primarily interested in enlisting the aid of the Asbestos Industry in this effort, which for the past eight yeare has been and is presently being supported by the national Cancer Institute of the U, S, Public Health Service. This letter was discussed at the meeting with Dr. Kenneth Smith, who has worked along with Dr, Lynch for many years. Dr, Lynch is also doing work for anotiier member of the Institute and has been doing so for some time. Dr. Lynch is performing this work in an effort to clarify the relation of Asbestosi3 and Cancer of the Lung. It was the opinion of the committee that the Chairman should write Dr, Lynch and thank him for his interest in Industry and its problems, however, advising him that we have other programs being instigated at this tine and can not, therefore, enter into any programs for the support of his work. #2 We had a discussion on the Spencer Stool: Conditioner, We all agreed that this type of conditioner is probably the best on the market and that It was to operate on small percentages of oil - les3 than lti/j, providing the humidity is under control, as Stock will ordinarily not run with more than 50 relative humidity. John Weber now has a heavy type bag loader in operation and is very well satisfied with it. It is practically dust free. The next discussion was in reference to the amount of dust in asbestos fibres received from the mines. However, at a later date we should receive some figures on these dust percentages and at that time we hope to take ths subject up vdth the nines. We next talked on the Wheelobrater Dust Collection system. Ralph Smith and George Griswold related their experiences in the installation and operation of this type unit. As we have said before, the Industry now has several Wheelobrater collectors in operation and to our knowledge all are operating in a satisfactory manner. This type of unit is comparatively maintenance free. Air Hygiene Conroittee Meet: ig Page 3 Our next discussion co; ceraed compensation as it is handled in several states, Thi3 discussion was informative to each one of us as it gives an opportunity to compare one s ate system against the other* AGENDA TOR THE NEXT MEETING i?l - Continuing the discission i>f the memorandum frcm the I.3.F. on Asbesto'sifl and Cancer* 2 - Continuing the discussion of spraying fibres with oil with a view toward the elimination of dust at tha source* 3 - Report on general improveaenta and elimination of dust by whatever means* D, R, Holmes t Chairman Air Hygiene Committee / Asbestos Textile Institute / < Minutes of Sales Promotion Corralttee Page 2: 150 years at the present rate of consumption. The total industry payroll accounts for some 6,000 employees earning about .-25,000,000 a year* "As a result of the visit, members of the Asbestos Textile Institute felt assured that there were ample reserves of asbestos fibre to meet not only their needs but the needs of other asbestos consuming industries* "Some of the prime users of asbestos textile products include all branches of the Armed Services, the shipbuilding, automotive, aircraft, electrical reinforced plastics and iiiany other industries.11 Following the meeting on June Uth in Hew fork City and at the nines during that week, your committee got together again in Philadelphia, at the Warwick Motel, on June lCth, with Mr, Beck and ilr. Taylor, of the Art Guild of Philadelphia, who are preparing the display for ua, and it was at that time that we went over all of the material, samples, etc., that we had collected, in an effort to come up with final plans for this display. All previous plans had been outlines, or sketches, to give us an idea of what we were trying to arrive at* ' Tour Chairman is particularly grateful to each of the members of the com mittee for the prompt and sincere cooperation and efforts in gathering the necessary data, samples, etc., to make this an exceptionally outstanding display* Out plans are to meet again tilth iiri*3eck end Ihr, Taylor, of the Art Guild of Philadelphia, on July 5th to have a look at their latest outlay of the plans, end we are hopeful that the display can be completed in time to have it available for members to see at our next meeting. Respectfully submitted. J. T. Griffis, Chairman 'v (o The Technical Conriiittee held its Second Quarter Hooting on Juno Uth, at the Hotel New Yorker, Hew York, New York, There were four member companies represented with six umbers present. IN ATTENDANCE: Raybestoa-Hanhattan, Inc. II, W. Oliver, Chairman H. S. Haier Johna-I ianville Corporation J, L, Tucker Ed Beale Keasbey It Hattison Company R, L, Lanz Southern Asbestos Company J. D, HcCluer Philadelphia Textile Institute II, C. Shaw Since all members had received a copy of the minutes of the previous ...eating, it wrs moved by Hr, Tucker and seconded by Dr, ilaier that the rending of the minutes be dispensed with at this time, , It was recccanended by the chairman that the Technical Coctdttee send a proposal to the Board of Governors stating that the Asbestos Textile Institute award a plaque or scroll to I*r. G, R. Frederic!:, of Keasbey & Hattison Company, in recognition of his many years of servj.ce and contributions to the Institute, It was moved by Hr, J, L, Tucker, secondediby Hr, l.cCluer, and unanimously approved by all members present this aetion be taken. It was further recommended in the proposal that President itfakea extend an invitation to iir. C. R, Frederick to attend our next meeting so that the presentation could be made to him a.t the General 1 lasting, This would be done if Dr, Shew could get the scroll in tine for our next quarterly meeting in September, Iir, R. L, Lana rendered the report of the Sub-Conmittee on Asbestos Tapes, There v;as no change in the status of the specification on industrial tapes. This is complete :dth the exception of after heating tensiles. There will be no action on this until a standard method for testing after heat tensiles of cloth and tanas can be adopted. The action taken to date on industrial tapes is covered in Table I, attached. During the past quarter, Hr, Lana submitted a fora to each member company to fill out on electrical tapes for the folloikLng gauges: .010% .015", .020", ,025", and .030, The data submitted on these forms was discussed in detail, however, several large variations were found in total number of end3 on the various widths. This was no doubt due to the different style yarns used by the individual companies. As a rasult of this, it was agreed that we would attempt to standardise on the 1" width of each thickness tape and continue our work from that point. Hr. Lana will seed out forms requesting constructions and yarns to be used in manufacture of 1" tape. He will then use a formula presented by the chairman and compute a nominal ft/lb., showing pernissable ren^e of yarns that may be used with reported constructions (total ends and picka/inch). We will then be able to re-evaluate our individual constructions and yarns to see if any change must be made to stay within tolerances. It was tentatively agreed that on ln tapes the standard total number of ends and picks/inch would be as follows: Page 2 Ho, Ends 1" Width Picks/inch, All Widths IMCKHESS, INCHES* .010" ,015" .020" 31 33 28 17 15 13 ,025" 32 12 ,030" 33 11 K2HMEU MENTIONED ABOVE IS AS FGLLCWSt (1,10 j 3^ x Total Hunger Ends Wt/lCO1 Warp yds/lb, (V/arp lam) (1,10 * 3) x Picks/inch % Width Wt/lOO? Filling ' ycls/lb, (billing Yarn) Wt/100* Tape The above formula is for non-metailic tape, no binders. In the case of binder warp, it is figured separate from ground warp and approximately 60^ contraction'factor is used on binder wcrp instead of 10!.- as is used on ground warp. This formula is to be used only as a guide and is not guaranteed to be IO&j accurate, , Brief discussion took place on tolerances in regards to total number of ends, picks/inch, gauge, etc. Since there were different values reported, there will be another discussion on this prior to writing them into A.S.T.H. specification to be recommended at a later date. This concluded the report of the Sub-Conaaitts on Asbestos Tapes, both Industrial aid Electrical, Since there was no activity in the Sub-Ccmittee on Braided Tubing during the last quarter, there was nothing to report, hovever, a brief discussion took place on the type of gauge to be used in measuring thickness, i-lr. Tucker sug gested the Cady gauge and it was requested that he send to each member company a detailed description of this gauge and uhera it could be purchased. It was agreed that even though ire may not agree on a specific instrument, that we should set a standard as to the size of tha anvil and the amount of weight to be applied. If we can standardize on this, then the Cady gauge, or its equivalent, could be written into the specification on methods of testing braided asbestos tubing. This subject will be on our agenda for the ne:rt meeting for further discussion, Mr, Cutler, Chairman of the Sub-Cconittee on Asbestos Cloth, was not pre sent, There was no activity within the committee on this subject during the last quarter as we were awaiting results from Dr, Snaw on dynamic testing of asbestos cloths. Our aim in regards to cloth is to standardize on a heat aging method for testing asbestos cloths. We are not in position to make a recom mendation at this time due to further work to be conducted by Dr, Shaw. There was a joint meeting with the Sales Promotion Conr.iittee in the afternoon at which time Dr, Shaw discussed this subject as a part of his Fellowship Report 37, In the place of dynamic testing, it is now termed "The Elevated Temperature Serviceability of Asbestos Textiles under Constant Stress", Dr. Shaw feels there is additional work to be done whereby cloths may be tested around 2,000F, for short periods. He is to write and request necessary samples from each member company so that tests can be made on current cloths. This subject is covered in detail in Dr. Shaw's Fellowship Report, therefore, nothing further will be reported here, however, each member company is to carefully digest the data reported by Dr. Shaw in the Fellowship Report as pertains to this subject /' o 0 6 - ... h it Paa 3 anH will send to him their ccosaents and recommendations. Dr, Shaw presented' pictures of testing equipment used so that everyone would have a much better idea of his undertakings in continuing his wort: on soaiiing hect studies and shock tosta.at higher temperatures, A new oven roust be constructed in order to reach the high temperature's for shock testing. This will be worked on during the third quarter, Tha next topic on the agenda was that of U, S, Government Specifications, In accordance with the request of the Technical Committee at tha March meeting. Dr, Shaw contacted the Detroit Arsenal to find out what had happened to our proposed revision of iiil-C-10316,.made in 195U. Hr, G, 0, Newcomb, Ordnance Tank-Automative Command, replied on 12 April 1956, as follows: '"Gentlemen: Since tha proposed revision to Specification IH.l-C-10316 elicited considerable conraent when coordinated with other agencies in the Department of Defense, it was never issued. These comments are presently being incorporated into a further revised draft which, it is hoped, will be issued without further delay. Six (6) copies of this revised draft trill be forwarded to your organization when it is submitted tp Washington for issue," (Signed) G, 0, Newcomb \ Assistant" During the past quarter, each mauber company was to study iiil-I-3053A, dated August 3, 1951, covering Insulation, Electrical, Asbestos Fiber, Treated and Untreated, Special emphasis was to be given to that part dealing with DiElectric strength. In checking cur reed'ds it was found that a proposed revision was submitted in 1?5U. This proposed revision included a deletion of those parts pertaining to Di-Electric strength, Dr. Shaw has been instructed to write appropriate Government agency to determine the status of the proposed revision. Dr. Shaw wd.ll also state that we do not approve of Par. U.5*U,2 on Magnetic Iron Content when required. Since we- are not prepared to make a concrete recom mendation at the present time, action will be withheld until further consideration is given this subject. Report to be made at next meeting of our ccesaittee. This concluded action on U, S. Government Specifications, It was moved by Mr, J, D, McCluer and seconded by J. L. Tucker, that Dr. Shaw's project list be expanded to include better way3 of determining dust in asbestos fiber, better roethods of evaluating asbestos fiber, also, use of mild acid to remove impurities prior to making Water of Crystallization determination on asbestos fiber. Since expensive equipment would be required to carry on souq of tha above activities, it was recamended that the above be presented to tha Board of Governors for appropriate action. It was recommended by ilr. J, L, Tucker that Dr. Shaw's project list be further expanded to include "Development of Metal Detector", for use on asbestos yams, rovings, etc. Since Raybestos-IIanhattan's representative was opposed to such a project for the Secretary, and, stated they would not participate in this project, it trill bo presented to the Board of Governors for proper disposition. There being no further business, it was moved by Dr. Maier and seconded by Iir. Tucker that ws adjourn, 0 & 4 ^Respectfully submitted, ' H. V/, Oliver, Chairman September 7> 1955 TABLE I ATI Standard Industrial Asbestos Tapes (No Wire Inserted.), For Ft/Lb, on aises 1/32, l/l6", 1/8", 3/16" and l/U" Tapes, see Asbestos Textile Institute Handbook of Asbestos Textiles, Page *52. Tolerances* Ft/Lb. - All siiea + 10 Width* For 1/32 and 1/16 Thicknesses 1" and under + 1/32" Over 1" 1/16" For 1/8", 3/16" and 3/1*" Thicknesses. All widths 1/16" Thickness* l/32n + .003" l/l6 + ,005" l/8", 3/16" and l/U* .010", - ,X5n Method of Sampling - According to following Tabla* No. Rolls Tape in Lot No. Rolls to be samples 8 and under 2 9 to 15 3 16 to Uo U / Ul to 65 / 66 and over 56 Methods of Testing: Weighing* Smooth by hand on a ilat surface, cut 36" linear inches, weigh and calculate to Ft/Lb, (For referee method only, condition tape to Standard conditions of 70? and 50 Rel. Hiss, prior to weighing). Width* Use Standard steel 3cala and while tape is flat, smooth and without tension, measure in five different places and average. Thickness: Use dead weight micrometer with foot not less than 3/8" diameter, iiaka 10 measurements and average. Tensile* On tape 1" wide and less, take the full width tensile using jaws more than 1" wide and record the tensile as Lbs/?ull width. On tape over 1" wide, use the Grab Method employing jaws 1" wide and record the tensile as Lbs/l" width. Tensilos are to be taken on specimen "As Received" and also "After Heated at 300C - 30 minutes". Heated samples should be atmosphere condi tioned 30 minutes prior to breaking. O 08224c Table I (Continued) CCNSTRUCTiajSt Sixea Warp Fill Warp Ends per inch (Includes Binder Ends) Total Tolerances Picks Warp Eads per Inch F*u* Inch Picks per Inch Tensile Strength Before Heating Lba/l" Width Caasa, Und, 1/32" 1010 IhlO 28 11 *2 per lrt of width 1 OO 85 1/16" 1030 1020 18 8 +2 per ln of width 1 1$0 1?0 l/8n 1030 1020 32* 12 2 per 1" of width 2 250 275 3/16" IQliO loUo 33 12 2 per l of width 2 350 375 VU IChO lOiiO h$ 18 2 per 1" of ^ridth S 3 None Reported ASTII Designation Grade Commercial Grade Underwriters Grade Grade A Grade AA Grads AAA *, Grade AAAA of Grades Asbestos Content 755 to Co5 Ebccl. G05 to 855 " 055 to $05 505 to $55 $55 to $$5 $55 to 1005; 08224;) fellowship report KJRIL C. SHAW RESEARCH FELLOW ASBESTOS TEXTILE DSHTCTB PHILADELPHIA TEXTILE INSTITUTE PHILADELPHIA^ PA, REPORT #37 *7un h, 1956 0 d<!2o ij THE ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SERVICEABILITT OF ASBESTOS TEYTTTJS UNDER CdiSTAirT STRESS Introduction Asbestos textiles are frequently placed in service under the combined condi tions of elevated temperature and load or stress. The ability of these materials to resist destruction as a result of a constant or intermittent application of a load or stress may often serve as the prime factor in determining its suitability for a given service. Curtains, draperies and temporary or movable partitions where in the materials are supported at the top and permitted to hang more or less free from that support, are examples of such services. Under these conditions the stress may be the result of the weight of the cloth itself or cisy consist of a combination of the cloth weight plus a roller or other super structure which may be attached to the bottom of such a curtain. Tapes and cloths used as lagging materials may be tightly wrapped or applied over a pipe or cable and with an increase in temperature the expansion of the pine or cable may be greater than that of the tape or cloth, putting a stress on the lagging material. There juts innumerable other applications in which, at some stage in the performance of a service, asbestos textiles are called upon to resist destruction due to stress vt^Lla serving as a non-ccmbustibia protection medium. / The industry has for many years accepted an arbitrary range of temperature limits of serviceability for the various grades of asbestos textiles available, as follows* ` Commercial Grade Underwriters Grade Grade A Grade AA Grade AAA Grade AAAA -- Up -- -- -- -- -- to ItC0F U50F t 55oF 6C0F 75o? 900F This system of grading is based solely upon asbestos content and does not taka into account such important factors as cloth construction and design or stress bearing characteristics, Tam construction and cloth constructions are very closely related and the grades of fiber or the lengths of asbestos fibers used will exert some influence upon the resultant elevated temperature serviceability characteristics. For example, a 36P10 cloth may contain fibers which are predominately of JR quality, however, when a cloth bearing the construction of 17P2h is required the asbestos fiber quality may need some improvement in grade and fiber length if the requisite 2k cut yams are to be produced for incorporation in this latter cloth. Such improvements in fiber quality usually reflect improvements in several properties including elevated temperature serviceability. In an effort to determine the relativa elevated temperature characteristics of a group of asbestos textiles designed to meet specific applications, some cor>ouraers have directed attention to so-called heat-aging tests as a means of evaluation* In such tests the textiles are subjected to a predetermined heat treatment, soma at 200F, others at 572F and soiae at higher temperatures for periods of time ranging from 30 minutes to several hours and following such treatments are tested to determine the loss in tensile strength resulting from 2- the heat treatments, Such heat aging testa do serve a useful purpose in that the results usually reflect to 3ame degree the fiber quality which was used in the cloth construction and on the basis of comparative tests a consumer may be able to establish which of several cloths so tested exhibit the characteristics which will best serve the intended application. However, it is doubtful that the results of such tests provide simulative service data of universal signi ficance since the time cycle of test i3 much shorter than most service applica tions. Further, the stress is applied after the sample has been pemitted to cool to room temperature following the heat treatment while in service the stress would undoubtedly be active during the heating up period ae well as the cooling period. The selection of arbitrary temperatures and periods of duration for these tests limits the data resulting therefrom to specific areas of serviceability which in most cases Hill not serve to define either the mcxiima or minimm para meters of serviceability. In an effort to overcome some of the indicated short comings of heat aging testa as they.are currently conducted it was felt that a study wherein asbestos textiles subjected to live loads continuously at elevated temperatures might provide data that could be interpreted in terms that would serve to define the ranges of elevated temperature serviceability as a function of the tensile strength properties at these temperatures. The work covered in this report re presents the initial undertalcing in this investigation and, although the data covers only a relatively few cloths and tapes and cannot therefore be considered with any degree of finality, it does provide some interesting relationships which serve to indicate the trends that may be eccppcted in the more extensive study being pursued. Testing Equipment The equipment used in this investigation was designed ana built specifically for this study. The main unit of the equipment 3et-up is the electric furnace wherein the samples under test are subjected to elevated temperatures. The furnace has over-all outside dimensions, 2d" long by lh" wide by 10" deep and inside dimensions, 15" long x 5" wide x 5" deep. The heating elements, consist ing of Wo coils of nichroma wire, each rated at 1000 watts at 110V and each be ing capable of separate control, are embedded in the two side walls of the furnace. The furnace is constructed with a one-inch Tilde slit running length-vise along the center of both the top and bottom sections of the furnace so that the samples of cloth under test may be supported above and outside of the furnace, passed through the furnace and extend six inches below the bottom of the furnace, at which point loads may be attached to bottom of the sample. The furnace was constructed on wheels so that it could be moved along a track-way. The purpose of the movable feature was to provide the possibility of carrying out shock tests wherein the furnace might be first heated to a given temperature without test samples end upon the attainment of that temperature be moved in place over the test specimens, under a given load. In this manner heat shock or instantaneous heating testa are to be conducted. The auxiliary equipment necessary for the operation of the furnace consists of a Powerstat Variable Transformer for controlling the power input, a voltmeter to indicate the voltage input and a potentiometer equipped with a chromelalumel thermocouple for measuring the temperature attainments. rc -> Tha furnace was originally designed to operate at a maximum temperature of l00F, however, in actual usa^e the practical limit of operation was found to be 1U15F. Hie heating schedule is sat forth in Plate I. Test Procedure 4 - fo The procedure followed in carrying out the teats in this investigation re presents a departure from that pursued in moat heat aging testa currently in use* Tensile strength characteristics serve in both instances aa the factors of significance, however, in the normal heat aging teats grab teat specimens are studied while in the work here undertaken ln ravel-strip plaa 21a long are used. The samples must be 21a in length in order that they say extend through the tost furnace being supported above tha furnace and extending balcw tha furnace sufficiently to accommodate the desired loads. The sagment of each specimen that is actually subjected to tha heat treatment is approximately 7 inches. The test ssaples are first prepared by cutting representative specimens 21 long by 1-1/2 wide, aid then ravelled to a P width, Hie tensile strength of the ravailed, sample is then determined using the proscribed technique for strip testa, with 2B jaws both front and back, top and bottom, on the tensile teeter, with the top and bottom jaws 3" apart, Tha tensile strength so determined serves as the basis for stress application andis noted aa the "Tensile Strength, As Received, _ 1 The lead or stress to which each of the samples is subjected ia based upon the "As Received" tensile strength in increments of 10, 2Cj, the original strength. aad 5c of In carrying out a given test, two specimens are mounted in the furnace at one time and are loeded with respective weights, determined as above notd, Hie furnace ia than engaged and the temperature permitted to rise according to the schedule set forth on Plate I untilthe samples have broken as a result of the combined high temperature and load, the taaperature at the time of ruptura being noted. Presentation of Results The results of the testa conducted thus far in the investigation are tabulated in Table I and are also 3et forth in Plates H, III and 17, Table I presents the specific date relating sample number, style, tensile strength, as received and, in the last four columns, the temperatures and loads at failure. In explanation of the presentation of the data in the last four coltmms, refei* to sample T-l and it will be observed that in the column designated 1055 load the figures are presented as 920/21 which indicates that at 21 pounds load, which la 1C& of the aa received tensile strength for that particular sample, tha tape failed at 920F, Likewise under 20# load or U2 pounds, failure was induced at 515P The figure proceeding the hash mark denotes temperature of , c failure and the figure following the hash mark denotes applied load. 06ck 5o -b- fC Sample Styla Humber TAHLE I Tensila Strength ln Ravel Strip As Received (Except Tares) 10 Failure Temperature ? Pounds Stress/ 1H Ravel Strip Percent Load/As Received 20 30 50 Caonercial T-l T-5 T-22 T2ii 199 Tape 1"x.063Q Ix.0675 Ix.0633 lx.liiOb UOPIO Underwriters 209.16 128.00 113c66 287.00 102.00 920/21 515/U2 915/13 615/26 705/11.3 565/22.7 1060/2C.7 725/57.1* 1CW10.2 515/21A 1*1*0/63 1*90/39 U95/3U.O 570/86.1 U2S/3U6 375/105 390/61* bi*C/57.0 500/110.5 Uco/5l,o T-3 T-7 T-9 T-ll Trl3 Tas T-30 21*3 271 Tape 13c.1U15 lx.0728 lx,0621; lx,0321 lx,090 lx,1688 lx,0633 17P2U 17?26 261 198 178 100 209 317 99.2 60,0 55.33 970/26 llii5/20 680/18 1065AO 1175/21 11*1*0/9.9 1110/6.0 , 109Q/5.S 685/52 975AO 605/36 915/20 990/U2 10b5/61* 985/19.3 950/12.0 920/11.0 585/78 675/60 555/5U U70/30 895/63 935/95 575/29.7 865/18.0 600/16.6 U90A30 iwO/99 UlC/89 bi5/Jo U55A0*i 585/158 U5Q/U9.6 61*5/30 100/27.6 250 2l*P10 S-l 26P1U 2ldi a 269 it 0?10259 36P10 263 I* 2i*Q a 278 n 251 a Grade A 203 36PIO 260 n Grade AA 2l*6 S--2 _ 275 27k 192 36P10 a a 29PH* 1*0P10 50 68,0 55.0 79.66 19099.0.00 10b. 0 88,33 91.33 90.0 79.66 68.0 96.7 8I*.66 80.0 82,0 975/5.0 780/10,0 1090/6.8 6U5/13.6 1030/5.5 615/11.0 1085/7.9 935A5.8 1080/9.9 905/19.3 111*5/10.9 980/21.8 975/10A 625/20.8 1190/8,8 950/17.6 1205/9.1 970A8.2 * b75A5.0 615/20.U b50A6.5 655/23.8 500/29.7 500/32.7 580/31.2 650/26.h 565/27.3 # /* b20A5 395/3U.O 390/27.5 515/39.8 390/1*9.5 l*35/5b.5 385/52.0 51QM.16 U85A5.6 1185/9.0 990/18.0 600/27.0 U85A5.0 1135/0.0 975/16.0 9l5/2ii.O bbqAo,o lblOIlF/6.8 1070A3.6 1030/20.1* lblOUF/9.7 1195/19.5 1025/29.2 li*lQHF/8,l* 1135/16,9 1035/25.3 liaCKF/8.0 1115A6 1005/21* lblOIIF/8.2 10b5A6.U 1025/2U.6 900/3!* 860A8.3 930A2.3 855AO 900/1*1.0 to 6 a 2 s.i nrwmrreaerr r c Sample St/le Number Grade AAA 2l;7 36P10 257 n 272 22P16 248 n 280 48T12 X 48P10 -5- Tensile Strength 1" Ravel Strip As Received (Exceot Taoes) Failure Temperature F Pounds Stres3/l*n Ravel Strip Percent Load/As Received 10________ 20 30_________ 0 110.5 ' 730 87.0 81,3 138.33 195,0 UaOHP/ll.O 1120/22,1. 1055/33.15 985/55.2. UilcaiF/7,3 lo5o/lit.6 975/21.9 855/36,5 UAONF/8,7 liil0A7.lt 1025/26.10 970A3.5 liaoi-IF/8,1 1180/16.2 1095/2it.3 9^5Ao.6 UlONF/13.8 AlcwF/27,6 1365Al.7 1085/69.1 lUlONF/19.5 1380/39.0 1045/58.5 995/97.5 / / f * ft ~ 4H \\ In many of tha higher grade cloths such es sample #2k6 under Grade AA it win, be observed that the 10# figure reads liilONF/6,8 which indicates that under 6,8 pounds load no failure (NF) was induced at lijlO, the limit of the temperature rise* In this investigation eleven 1" tapes were studied, four in Commercial grade and 3even in Underwriters Grade, each tape being identified by the letter ? placed before the sample number* The remainder of the samples here studied vers cloths in the variety of stylea aa shown, Ihe graphic presentation as given in Plate3 II, III and I? servee to illus trate the similarity in performance of most cloth3 having like styles and grades. Analysis of Results The results of this investigation offer some rather significant points of interest regarding the ability of certain asbestos textiles to resist destruc tion by stress at temperatures considerably above those normally accepted as the upper limits for elevated temperature serviceability. Before endeavoring to analyse the specific data as presented, it may be well to consider the magnitude of some of the values to be dealt with in this work* In the first place, the loading sche4ules established for each of the cloths and tapes here studied have been based upon the original or as received tensile strengths as determined upon samples tested in accordance with the ac cepted standard practice of having 3" between the jaws of the tensile tester. Under this particular test, however, the samples are subjected to tensile stress over a 19 span between the jaws. Experience gained during this work shows that the tensile strength as obtained over the longer span will be somewhat less than that obtained for the 3" span, A thorough investigation of this condition is to bo undertaken, however, to date, nothing of a specific character can be given. It has been found that in same cases the tensile strengths over the longer span may be as much as 10# less than that obtained for the shorter span. It must be realized therefore that uhen reference is made to the 10# load or other incre ments as noted, the load in pounds as set forth is, in all probability, actually somewhat greater than the percentage indicated, based upon the 19" span which is used. In an effort to correlate the applied loads with sane characteristic of the materials here tested in order that a basis for comparison may be more apparent, the various loads as related to the unit weight of the cloths have been tabulated and are sat forth in Table II, Here it will be seen, for example, that the ap plication of a load of 10# to a 17 ounce per square yard cloth, is equivalent to 3k0 times the weight of the sample. In other words, developing this data further, a load of 10# per inch applied to a sample of 17?2l* cloth would be the equivalent of 360 pounds for a sample of the cloth a yard wide or 3^0 times the weight of a yard of such a cloth. Likewise, a 22 ounce cloth . . loaded at 50# is tha equivalent to 1310 times the weight of the cloth or 1C00 pounds per yard wide sample. Also, a 36 ounce cloth (36P10) loaded at 50# is an equivalent of 800 times the cloth weight or 1600 pounds for a sample one yard wide, Tha full range of equivalents for loads versus cloth weights are set forth . 0622&C -11- r in Table II and the relationships noted serve to indicate to some degree the magnitude of the stress -values with which we are here concerned. --W v *SS9* 'o Table H Weight Equivalents in Terns of Cloth Weights ling height, Cvrncea Load Equivalents per Cloth Vi'eight i} *Jrt V! $ 10 20 30 5o .17 22 2U 26 36 Uo 4- 3k0 780 1120 262 521; 786 1310 2ii0 U80 720 222 m 666 160 320 ItSO 800 HO* 288 1*32 720 The test data as presented in Plates II,' III and 17 provide an opportunity to gain a comparative impression of the characteristics of materials of Ilka grades under the conditions of these tests.'. Plats II for ecample, covers the performance data for 1" tapes in Cocsnercial and Underwriters Grades in s variety of thicknesses* It will be seen that, in most cases, the Conraercial Grade tapes exhibit somewhat inferior properties compared with the Underwriters Grade over the range studied. Under the maximum stress of 50J- of the original strength, the entire rsnga of temperatures of failure is from 375P to 5C0? for the Com mercial Grades and frcra LlO? to 55F for the underwriters Grade, Tape f-1 which ie in Commercial gpc-da loaded at I0$v failed at 375? while T-2ii, the heaviest of the tapes is this grade, loaded at lU3.5 failed at 500?. This latter load, incidently, is the equivalent of 1025 pounds per square inch. The Underwriters tapes, under the maximum loading, ranged from UlQF loaded at 9 pounds to loaded at 158#, the latter tape being the heaviest of the tape* in this grade. It is significant to note that under the minimum loading or stress which will be referred to hereafter as a "perceptable stress'1 the range of temperature over which failure was induced extended from 70$? to 1C60? for Commercial grades and frcra 607 to 11<1i0F for Underwriters grade. On the other hand the ranges of failure at maximum or "appreciable stress" extended frtxa 375P to 500? for Coroiercial grade and from iJL0F to 565? for Underwriters grade. Plata HI presents the performance characteristics of one Commercial and fifteen Underwriters Grade cloths under the conditions of this test. The Com mercial grade cloth, UOPIO, which is identified by the dotted line will be seen to exhibit somewhat inferior properties, compared with the entire group of Underwriters cloths, shewing approximately 10/j lower failure temperatures than the average for Underwriters grades. The selection of Underwriters grade, cloths here covered ranges from 17F2U through 1*0P10 For this variety of cloths the performance characteristics will be seen, from the curves, to cover a rather wide range. >) ,12- In general, however, the performances of the normal Underwriters grade cloths under the conditions of this test are reasonably well grouped and the demonstrat ion serves to indicate the characteristics which may be expected of such materials under stress at elevated temperatures. Under conditions of "Perceptible stress0 (up to 10^ load) the serviceability temperatures for this group of cloths ranged from 975F on sample -,','250 to H90F for sample ,9270 and for conditions of "ap preciable stress" (up to 5o load) the range a::tended from 385F for saople ;,'2lt0 to 62j5F for sample ,92ii3. 6^ Plate IV seta forth- the performance data for cloths in various styles and in Grades A, AA and AAA. The grade differences are noted on the graphs by the dif ferences in the continuity of the lines as noted in the legend on the Plata. In this work, two samples of Grade A, 36P10 cloths were studied and it will be 3een that the performance characteristics of the two samples are quite similar and, as a matter of .fact, close study will further reveal that these cloths fall well within the range of performance for the average Underwriters grade cloths. Cloths in Grade AA and AAA, however, exhibit elevated temperature perfor mance characteristics which are distinctly significant and which serve to reveal the unique properties of such materials. Under the conditions of these tests and applying the "perceptable stress" of 1# load which ranged from 6.to 19,5./ per 1" strip, there was no failure at lhlOF after heating for a period of 2 hours 2nd US minutes. Under the "appreciable stress", which ranged from 3k'J to U8,3i/ for Grade AA the failures ranged from 55F to 930F and for Grade AAA f1*! under the "appreciable stress" ranging from 36.5,9 to 97.3,/ the range of failure ^ was from 855F to 10G5F. Cloth -;i2C0, U8T12 in Grade AAA, e::hibited the most outstanding performance, showing no failure after 2 hours and U5 minutes, the time necessary to attain lhlOF under a load of 27.6,9 and under a stress of 69,1# this material remained in tact up to 10C5F. Conclusions The elevated temperature serviceability of an asbestos textile is dependent upon many factors aside frera the cloth construction itself, and we are here parti cularly interested in the one related to the anoint and kind of stress or physical abuse to which the material way be subjected. In order to properly service an installation it is necessary to be able to define with reasonable accurracy the several limits of serviceability 30 that materials capable of meeting the requirements may be properly adopted. 062282 There are many applications which require materials that will simply resist destruction as & result of high temperature conditions and where there may be very little or no tensile stress. Under such conditions it would appear, on the basis of the preliminary work here reported, that 3cme lower grads cloths will serve as effectively as seme of a higher grade materials which might be indicated on the basis of current information. For example, most of the Underwriters grade cloths here studied exhibited reasonable strength and body retention at temperatures above 1C0GF under "perceptable stress'1 conditions. However, under conditions here termed as "appreciable stress'*, failures were found to range between iiOOF and 500F. The significance of the data thus far developed in this work would seen to indicate that under conditions requiring minimum strength properties the service ability temperatures of all grades of asbestos textiles are well above the limits commonly recognized for such grades. As was pointed out earlier. Grades AA and AAA are extremely indestructable under minimum stress, resisting rupture at liilOF under- the condi-Lions noted, although under the "appreciablo" stress failure was induced at around 9Q0F for Grade AA cloths and from ~850F to 1100F for grade AAA cloths, / In considering the uork here reported it must be realized that these results wera obtained under conditions of a constantly increasing temperature, with the rise continuing either until failure was achieved or the maximum capabilities of the furnace were readied. In addition, the duration of the tests were for reasonably short periods of time, in no cask, exceeding 2-3A hours. It is reasonable to assume that subjection of these saie materials under constant load and soaking at a constant temperature will bring about somewhat reduced tempera tures of serviceability, however, the magnitude of this reduction can only be ascertained through further study. Further work in this investigation will include the aforementioned soaking heat studies and instantaneous or shock tests wherein the samples under load will be instantaneously inserted into the furnace which has been previously heated to and is being held at a high temperature. With the accumulation of the data which will be procurred from the three series of tests here to be undertaken, it should be possible to rather clearly establish and define the elevated temperature serviceability characteristics of the more universally accepted styles and grades of asbestos textiles presently available. Acknowledgment: With the conclusion of this academic year at the Philadelphia Textile Institute we ere about to lose the services of Claude A, Kennedy, a student at the Institute, who has served as our laboratory assistant throughout this year. We would like to appreciatively acknowledge his work and assistance in developing much of the data presented in this report for without his help it would not have been possible to have advanced in this investigation to the extent here reported.