Document MG1M6eKLJK1jJ6140Kok0aG4x

114 CHAPTER 7 1965 Ouide And Data' Boofe Herrington: The influence of ionized tor upon normal subjects (Journal Clinical Innestigation, !4, January 1935). L. p. Herrington and K. L. Smith: The effect of high concentration of light negative atmospheric ions on the growth and activity of the albino rat (Journal Industrial Hygiene, 17, November 1$35). C.-E. A. Winslow and L. P. Herrington: Subjective reactions of human beings to certain outdoor atmospheric conditions (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 42,1936, p. 119). C. M. Humphreys and B. H. Jennings: Atmospheric ions in relation to comfort and other responses of norma) individuals (ASHRAE Journal, September 1962, p. 55). W. D. Chiles,J. M. Cleveland, and R. E. Fox: A Study Of the Effect* of Ionized Air on Behavior (V. S. De partment of Commerce, Office of U. S. Technical Services, WADD Technical Report 66-598). * W. W. Hicks and J. C. Beckett: The control of air ioniza tion and its biological effects (AlEE Transactions, Part I, No. 30, 1957, p. 10S>. 1. H. Komblueh, G. M. Piereol, and F. P. Speicher: Relief from pollinosis in negatively 'ionized mom-; (American Journal of Physical Medicine, February 1958, p. 18). A. P. Krueger and R. F.-Smith: The effects of air ions on the living mammalian trachea (Journal of General Physiology, Sept. 20,1958, p. 69). 11*82E)d. itorial (The British Medical Journal, June 25, 1932, p. ^0* 13.... Relation Between Effective Temperature : and * E. F. DuBois: The mechanism of heat lose and temperature regulation, (Lane Medical-Lectures, Stanford University Pub Percentage Observations Indicating Comfort lications, Medical Science, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1937,, p. 348; also Transactions of the Association of American Physidans, VoL 51, 1936, p. 252). ` - subjects walking 3 aipb end carrying 20 lb packs, confirmed ' * E. J. Adolph and G. W. Molnar: Exchanges of heat and this change in slope. tolerance to cold in men exposed to outdoor weather (American Clothing has been evaluated for its overall insulation effects'. ' Journal of Physiology, VoL 146, 1946,'p. 507).. by a physical unit, the do, which equals 0.18 C deg peT.Ck&K gram calorie) (square meter) (hour).** Yaglou** criticises the concept of overall insulation, and points out that different 'parts of the body require different amounts of insulation. The' - *F. K. Hick, R. W. Keeton, N. Glickman, and H. C. Wall: ASHVE Research Report No. 1108--Cardiac output, periph eral blood flow and blood volume changes in normal indi viduals subjected to * varying environmental' temperatures (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 45, 1939,. p. 123). literature on effects of-clothing is difficult to coordinate at' "C.-E. A. Winslow, T. Bedford, E. F. DuBois, R. W. Keeton, the present time, as much of it is still in military service'., A. Missenard, R. R. Sayers, and C. Tasker: ASHVE Research reports which are yet to be published and amplified. For prematurely bom infants, the optimum temperature" Report No. 1107--Recent advances in physiological knowledge and their bearing on ventilation practice (ASHVE Transac tions, Vol. 45, 1939, p. 111). varies from 100 to 75 F, depending upon the stage of devel QF. C- Houghton, W. W. Teague, W. E. Miller, and W. P. opment. The optimum relative humidity for these infants' is'' ' Yant: ASHVE Research Report No. 830--Heat and moisture placed at 65 percent** No data are yet available on the opti- ' mum air conditions for full term infants and young children1 of pie-echool age. Satisfactory air conditions lor these age groups are assumed to vary from 75 to 68 F, with natural indoor humidities. For school children with high metabolism, losses from the human body and their relation to air condition ing problems (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 35, 1929, p. 245). a G. E. Burch and T. Winsor -. Rate of insensible perspiration (diffusion of water) locally through living and through dead human skin (Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 74, 1944, p. '437). wearing winter clothes, 70 F has been considered correct;'. u K. Rodahl: North, the Nature and Drama of the Polar World 55 F is recommended for their gymnasiums. (Harper, New York, 1953). ** A. C. Burton and O. G. Edholm: Man in a Cold Environment (Edward Arnold Ltd., London, 1955). REFERENCES u K. Rodahl: Emergency survival in the Arctic (Journal of lC. P. Yaglou, E. C. Riley, and D. J. Coggins: ASHVE '' Reseabch Repost No. 1031--Ventilation requirements (ASHVE ^ Transactions, Vol. 42, 1936, p. 133). Aviation Medicine, Vol. 27, 1956, p. 368). - ** J. D. Hardy and A. M. Stoll: Measurement of radiant heat load on man in summer and winter Alaskan climates (Journal of 'Applied Physiology, VoL 7, 1954, p. 200). 'F. C. Houghten and J. L. Blackshaw: ASHVE Research Report. No. 959--Indices of air change and air distribution (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 39,1933, p. 261). n H. S. Belding: Protection Against Dry Cold (Physiology of Heat Regulation and the Science of Clothing, ed. L. H. Newburg, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1949). `' 1 > 1 C. 8. Leopold: Tobacco smoke control--A preliminary study u P. P. Scholander, V. waiters, R. Hock, and li Irving: Body (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 51; 1945, p. 255). C. P. Yaglou: insulation of somo Arctic and Tropical mammals and birds Ventilation-requirements for cigarette smoke (ASHAE Trans (The Biological Bulletin, VoL 99,1950, p. 225). , ; .- , actions, Vol. 61, 1955, p. 25). >*K. Rodahl: Human Acclimatisation to Cold (Cold Injury, - ;*C. P. Yaglou, L. C. Benjamin, and S. P. Choate: ASHVE ed. M. Irene Ferrer,' Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, New'York, Reseabch Repost No. 921--Changes in ionic content in oc 1958). - ........................ cupied rooms ventilated by natural and mechanical methods "H.T. Hammel, R., W. Eisner, D. H. LeMessurier, -H. T. (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 38, 1932, j). 191). C. P. Yaglou, Andersen, and F. A. Milan: Thermal and metabolic responses of A. D. Brandt, and L. C. Benjamin: ASHVE Reseabch Roost the Australian Aborigine exposed to moderate cold La summer No. 965--Physiologic changes during exposure to ionised air (Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 14, 1959, p. 604). (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 39,1933, p. 357). C. P- Yaglou and " K. Rodahl: Nutritional requirements m cold: L. C. Benjamin: ASHVE Research Report,No. 985--Diumal (Journal of Nutrition VoL 53, 1954, p. 575). . and variations in the small ion content of outdoor and , a F. A Milan and K. Rodahl: Caloric requirements of man in indoor-air (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 40, 1934, p. 271).-L. B. the Antarctic (Journal of Nutrition, VoL 75, 1961, p. 152). Loeb: The nature of ions in air and their possible physiological ' ** B. Issekutz, Jr., K. Rodahl, and N. Birkheaa: The effect'd! effects (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 41, 1935, p. 101). L. P. severe cold stress on the N-balance of men under different dietary - conditions (The Physiologist, Vol. 4, 1961, p. 51). - . -:.; us Physiological-Principles :"-w'K-` Rodahl,S. M. Horvath, N. Birkhead, and B. Issekutx, Jr Effects of dietary protein on physical performance capacity amen' exposed to severe cold stress (The Physiologist, Voi. 4, (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 43, 1937, p. 145). C. Tasker: Cool ing requirements for summer comfortmr .... -,*(. Vi,l aa 1038, n. 5491. A- B. Newton, k SHoiJtanTcS"Guit^C aod R W, QuU.,y: tor 1961, P-96): ' " J b Webb: Pain Limited Heat Exposures (Temperature, Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry, VoL 3, Rein- hold Publishing Cd;i' New York, 1963). * W- V. Blockley, J.- W. MeCutchan, and C. L. Taylor: Pre- dietion'ef human tolerance for heat in aircraft: a rfogtgn guide, (Journal of Aviation Medicine, Vol 25, 1954, p. 515). -1 g. Beadier, R. Crosbie, and J. D. Hardy: Measurement of the skin during exposure to infra-red radiation (Journal of Aodud Physiology, VoL 1IC2,, 1IV9D5O8,, pU.. 1>77),.. * P_ hy ' ' ____-p--on*se*s*t#o* tHn oftlaEtnEvinrovniromnemntesnt(sM(eMdeicdaicl aRleIte- search Council, Special Report Series 298, HMSO, London, 1960). ** R. W. Keeton, F. K. Hick, Nathaniel Glickman, and M. M. Montgomery: ASHVE Research Report No. 1151--The pe ripheral type of circulatory failure in experimental heat ex haustion (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 46,1940, p. 157). M M. W. Heilman and E. 8. Montgomery: Heat disease: clinical and laboratory studies (Journal of Industrial Disease aPneadrfoTLro.mxnWiaacnno.ccloee--g--yrii,nhi1n8are:, il6aW5uti1o.,nuB19.tw3oB6e)ee.anunv,fiurWovn..muFue.nwtAasl_het-e-,-m-a-p-nedraNtu.reNe(lBsounl-: lettn of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Vol. 76, 1945, p. 25). a C. M. Humphreys, Oscar Imalia, and Carl Gutberict: Physiological response of subjects exposed to high effective temperatures and elevated mean radiant temperatures (ASHVE cooUng requirements of 275 workers in " "L conditioned office (ABHVK Tit,NAA!.-nONS, VoL 44, 1938, P- A. B. Newton, R. W. QuaUey, and Edward Witkowsta. General reaetiona of 274 office workera to AJ ditionms (ASHVE TBia*<moB8, Vol. 44, 1938, p. 591)^.AjJ. fild, F. E. Gieaecke, W. H. Badtt,.|md A T M<w^ Baactiona of office workato to aw tonditionmg m Sonffi Ter*. (ASHVE TaaNsacnONS, Vol. 45, 1939, p. 459). FC. Hor^tea, Cart Gutberlet, and A. A. Boaenberg: Summer cooling rrauiramSta in Waiington, D. C., "d other TMtroMliUm drilncts fASHVE Transactions, VoL 45, 1939, p. 577). W. J. McConnell . i^d M Spiegelman: Ructions of 745^ta to summer "r ron- ' ditioning (ASHVE Transactions, Vol 46, 194R p. Wl). Thongs Chester, N. D. Adama, C. R Bellamy G. 1). Me, E P Heckcl, W. J. McConnelCr - c- Mclntoah, A. B. Newton, B. F. Rober, and C. Tasker: ASHVE RnsEiacn Refowt NO; uofil-Comfort with summer air conditioiung (ASHVE Irans- * acttons/VoI. 48, 1942, p. 107). R. B. Rowley, R. C. Jordan, and W. E. Snyder: Comfort reactions of workers during ^upancy of air conditioned offices (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 53, 1947, P *i A^ B Newton, F. C. Houghten, Cari Gutberlet, R. W. Qualley, and M. C. W. Tomlinson: ASHVE Research Report STnfe-Shock experience., of 275 Transactions, Vol. 52, 1946, p. 153). n D. B. Dill: Life, Heat and AUtiude (Harvard University Preusxs,.CBamedbfroidrdg:e,T1h9e38m). easurement of environmental warmth (Institute of Mining Engineers Transactions, Vol. 44, Part I, p. TTclser, RR. vWr.kKeeeetoto^n,,_rf.. KK.. Hmiei*x,.,aanndu m. n.. - -j - iologic adjustments of human beings to vGirlioctkmmeannt, T(AoShHr^VIEnoTuBgan, sRac^HWO.n|s,"VFo^l. n5(3?,to1c9i47:iXfSWHVE "to.- 76)*. C. P.-Yaglou: Indices of Comfort, Chapter 9 (Physiology of Heat Regulation andScience of Clothing, ed. L. H. Newburg, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1949). * S. Robinson, E. S. TurreU, and S. K. Gerking: Physiologically equivalent conditions of air temperature and humidity (American search Repost No. 1350--Physiological adjustments of normal paUcato ^ auddea cto g (ASHVE T^toVcd. 55^1949, p. FSSaSS'^ASHra iSaaS'H toJ" No. 1447-Phyaiol^M Journal of Physidogy^Sol. 143, 1945, p. 21). v C. J. Wyndham, W. Bouwer, M. G. Devine, H. E. Patterson, and D. K. C. MacDonald: Examination of use of heat exchange equations for determining changes in body temperature (Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 5, 1952, p. 299). M H. S. Belding and T. F. Hatch: Index for evaluating heat stress in terms of resulting physiologic strains (Heating, Piping !*..? ^kisHVE Ssrabc?Rbpobt No. I4W--A comparison and Air Conditioning, August 1955, p. 129). F. C. Houghten and C. P. Yaglou: ASHVE Research Re port No. 673--Determination of the comfort zone (ASHVE Transactions^ol. 29,1923, p. 361). F. C. Hougbten and C. P. Yaglou: ASHvE Reseabch Report No. 691--Cooling effect on human beings produced by various air velocities (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 30, 1924, p. 193). C. P. Yaglou and W. E. Miller: ASHVE Research Report No. 717--Effective tempera ture with clothing (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 31, 1925, p. 89). C. P. Yaglou, W. H. Carrier, Dr. E. V. Hill, F. C. Houghten, and J. H. Walker: How to use the effective temperature index and comfort charts (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 38, 1932, p. 410). ** C. P. Yaglou sod Philip Drinker: The summer comfort zone: Climate and clothing (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 35, 1929, p. 269). c Walter Koch, B. H. Jennings, and C. M. Humphreys: En vironmental Study II--Sensation responses to temperature and humidity under still air conditions in the comfort range (ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 66,1960, p. 264). B. H. Jennings and Baruch Givoni: Environment reactions m the 80 F to 105 F zone (ASHRAE Transactions, VoL 65, 1959, p. 115). . C. P. Yaglou: A method for improving the effective tempera' tore index (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 53,1947, p. 307). M J.E. Warden, M. EL Fahnestock, and R. L. Galbraith: The thermal comfort of clothing of varying fiber content (Textile Research Journal, VoL XXIX, No. 8, August 1959). *F. B. Rowley, R. C. Jordan, and W. E. Snyder: Comfort reactions of workers during occupancy of air conditioned offices pheric euvironmeDt--Studies of ,no.^ivi`JT1^^o,ra Vol" thyroid and hypothyroid patienta (ASHVE TaaMaaonoNS, voi. "oV a'Houghten, F. E. Gieaecke, C. Taakett Mid1 Caud Gutberlet: ASHVE Reseaech Reroar No. 1055-Coolmgre; quirements for summer comfort air conditioning (ASHVL Transactions, VoL 43, 1937, p. 145). m W J McConnell and F. C. Houghten: ASHVE Research Report No. 654--Some physiological reactions to high temper atures and humidities (ASHVEJaANaacnoNS, VoL,, lgjP; 129) W. J. McConnell, F. C- Houghten, and F. M. Phillips. ASHVE Reseabch Repobt No. 672--Further study of phgaological reactions (ASHVE Thansactions, Vol. 29, 1923, P-^)WTJ McConnell, F. C. Houghten, and C. P. Yaglou. ASHVE Research Repobt No. 690--Air motion, high temperator^^" various humiditiee-reactions on human beings (ASHVE/ Transactions, Vol. 30,1924, p. 167). W J. McConneU and C. P( Yaglou ASHVE Research Report No. 718--Work tests con ducted in atmospheres of high temperatures and various hu midities in still and moving air (ASHVE Transactions, Vohi31, 1925, p. 101). W. J. McConnell, C. P. Yaglou, and W. B. Fulton. ASHVE Research Repobt No. 719--Basal metabolism before and after exposure to high temperatures and various htoiuaita* (WASWHVTEeaTguraen, sWac.Etio. nMsi,llVeor,l.a8n1d,W19.2P5,. Yp.a1n2t3: \ASHVE Reseabch (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 53, 1947. p. 357). " F. C. Houghten, 8. B. Gunst, and J. Sucin, Jr.: Radiation m a factor in the sensation of warmth (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 47, 1941, p. 93). , F- C. Houghten, F. E. Gtesecke, C. Tasker, and Carl Gutber- Report No. 908-Heat and moisture and application to air conditioning problems (ASHVE T^ansAFf-^noNHs VootLo37, S1931rfP. R541F).eWrde. rLb.cFr:leAiaShHerV, EA.iEt. Sotacety,oJr^ .