Document M4rOMe5x3vrj7YKQQJ0LgX8j7

);'t and :ru." iJ-'id'n. L'tc greater iiA. Thtie is also cvidcr.c: < - dose ?e!rnw rela.-onsliip for asltestosis 'd btoncht-d -'-cn a-'-i thus, if tttc dost levels ate kept ilhi.* lilt r.r- '.!> risks of asbestosis and hton- till cancel! ir f-1-- nmuld be very small. Tr: risk c: dr-ib?:.-.: mesotheliomas has a different .i.inun tof^r: !' :s probably highest with c.rocidotisc -d li-xesi chrysene. So caser clearly related to uhcphyU::; have beer, reported. despite careful .jfd:: Tr.: V.h probably lies between ocidjliicar.: cr.-yutii:. Tire evidence for a dose response lationship ii lets clear :r. the case of mesotheliomas and nice ih: thtrsi-.S-i lean value is niore difficult to assess. the Aibesrcs Regulations IW)'5 the standard for ocidrliie is set at or.e-te.nli of that for other types of rbesios. :OMPA RlSON OF OCCURA TICNA L RISKS Thai is the rr_ar.iti.-de of the risk of developing fll healtlt rom asbe.^os: So single index provides a satisfaetory xasure ofinjury to fmlrh. Thus tht excess risk o: death before a specified ape may a useful index for rose diseases causing sudden or upid 'ealh. but it is a fcagprcpiiaie index for diseescs causing long period of iissoiltty out li.tit s.V;kn..:s of life. Tie meets assadated with asbestos exposure tall into the first roup and asbestosis the second group. In different oecu- aticra! grcucs w.T.partsu.u ofmortality are easier to make han those of illness. 3us even for mortality the rampart- ^ns tie nar srarthtfetwsrd. For example, the more the election is liT,i::d to a definable group with a high past xposure, the worse Vs risk will appear. Allowance his dso to be made tor tht effects of age, length of exposure, md how loos `Jit occupational croup ha: been followed. Wan sre-- sliowaocts ate made the excess mortality from `all ceres' in gears of workers heaviiy exposed to the more dirreng types of asbestos dusrs in the pest is closely comparable to that ofcoalminers who have developed the severer Torn of c-aalworkers' pneumoconiosis or that of deep-sea f.ihr.-tr.sr. r.o have die highest rates of acci dental c: my occupation. However, the cxceu mortality from 'i!i tausas' in these occupational groups is less.than shit vf male smokers of twenty cigarettes and more a da;- cc.r.r ini iicni-wykerj. Thrj as :h: : de:l!',< f;cr. c:c:i:s from 'ali causes', but CC'.N*:. such ii mCSltil'Clinilt.:. jsites- ii'itj. or I:-.: .v :e:s i'.M tv ti.at uf the gencii: public. arc ' " cue:.-: :: -.-.cre'i mu.!: more increased. Tins it bt.-jirse t: r*a- i'J ;>h:sitisti re extremely tjrc in '; ; '.rked Widi asbestos. (.'.-tl-jM.in e:ni :n;i< -; the -ropuriuT. of inJiv-.du.ils extv-ed v-*.; ; d.-ii;: ar.d lltc excess :isk ol a parit;-j!j! : c.:-: :: .dualsCompared -vi'.lt the generc! -v: : m:v be relatively sttal! and the vccv.v.J cx::.-- '.'i THE FUT. Atciiir:; : pi-;-..-' ar-c ":. * d.-Ca-rv proof of the effi. acy of :: :-u.t:n; the v'-jlnlttv ol lltc v-:". Cf-.'.'H' : ': ti..- r.-.:-.iv.::cCttmf.;; ptts-cvt . .- J niati-rtjls n-ed. nv nica- suremenis of expire;'the medical tecoids of those exposed. Compui. now make it easy to note (his infor mation, but we still need the foresight and administration to see that jt is achieved'. ff it is not dene we may still It 10 years or so he in no better position to answer important questions which are ji present unansweitblc because of the paucity of past records. CONCLUSION The recent increase in the number of cases of asbestosis and other diseases related to past exposure to asbestos is the result of relatively heavy exposures to the dust, particularly in parts of the asbestos industry not covered by the 1931 Asbestos Regulations.. Much new information about the biological effects of asbestos has been acquired recently. The new Asbestos Regulations 1969 based on this information, if correctly applied, should greatly reduce the risks in the future. ... The selection of wh ich types of asbestos to use in new processes mould lake into account their biological effects if the risk of dust exposure is likely to occur during manu facture or in the use of the ptoducts. Wien working with extremely fine fibres of any outerial which may become airborne, caution is needed. Aa exami nation of the possible biological effects is required if the product is to be widely used and risks uf damage to health are to be avoided in the future. Prouf of the efficacy of present preventive measures depends on much better record keeping than has been (he case in (lie past. REFERENCES I Noro I.co. American Induurul Hygiene Association Journal, I'olly.yi fM/JWiX.i ! Mem ether tr. R. A. led Price C, W.. 'Report on the effects of iibrstai dust on the lungs and dun suppression in Ore A thcuoi Industry". London, HUSO (1)10) J bretssen W. C, Dsllivjat J. It, lid* aids T. L. MiSet J. W, Sayers R. R, `A study of asbestosis in the asbestos textile industry', US Treasury Department. Public Health Service. Public Health BuHci:.*. No 241 lAupcit I93t < Mcicwethet F, R. A. Aattuil Report. Inspector of FactPiiex London, HUSO IIOiTl J Doll Richard. I'rihsh Icorre! of InJuizis! MeJkut*. t-W !2. pSItHMi f- Knox 1.1\: IhdinoS, Doll R,ind Hit! I. D.. British Jam! ofInJiituie! .tliv'ir.-' --. ("of 2i.t 'v.-` /(V.-t.f; ' ' Vltknif I. I.. haunal/ ibe Ammccn Medical Aeocietion, I ill JtlJ.f HU hr > ` Wjcn.r 1. ('.. till-Of. J. C... berry G, jr-i TimhtcU V., Rritith VeJualVuttalin I'n.'.'-.p T/ffv?// 9 Cdsun I. (;, 'A>h--:u< nex'th haaarjt'. in Shapiro, li. A. IcJttwi. 'Pr.cuntoci.:.!.'si<'. I*iocs\-dinp of the Inlcmalional foiuiicncc, /n!iinr..->tct;. 3< Apnl-J May 176. p Pa. Cape Tou ti etc., Osl-.rd Cnivcruit l'ii-v(1910) it 'Vcli-tct 1.. `Asbestos rvpc'urv in South Afttca'. ibid, p ! 13 11 Cunrindiiin II.M. and Pumcfrict R...Venice, t'oi ~22. P Jj- II ILvMjLc Marcarct R, rounuri-Masser Cisclc. V-.-tioitald I. C.. StcnnaryeVi 1., ir.j Uionict C. K-. Rulletin tie PhyiioI'alhuhifir Resju'einire. lot A. p i.J'(It'Ul I.- 'IcHuoaMl.Corbet:.'l.'Dotuhl AlwnU..CthhsGraltant .VK-mutuki iacX. ;r.J Ko-mici (Itailes L_ Aiclmet of I i:i nia!Ilr:':i: l o' p it 71 flVIlf la irslcin (itlics. t'li'ih. (*. tV, Mjcttcn P. T, McDonJJ J. C, Is.. *.i.iI.,- Vjij-si.: f-. 1 "_ 'i. j, K.vtiw of Rcii'i'HO'S I ol in! ; '.'.w/u'/f t- m.1 .1 "is instiu:,-"- Hi.-tS.inw,l-artoiies. The *K-'ios It iil.-.i-i.. Pi v t -n.I.-n. 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