Document M4oDby69aRNoepmo3bv5zr7KL

/ combaki coi^nsi-mAX. Hot ?or Fuo11 cation In Present Fora BEKH3 OH "SDKIOET OF TSS PIAIiT IUDUS2RIAL SCGI3K2 raosiss" C. Berry, Fh.D. J. 1". England, H.S. 3. S. Bonnib, E.M. K- V. Hcnqricl'o , M.S. April 12, 19H9 KEDI0A1 EESftiaaeiiT, -HESEABCE SECTIOT STAHHA3D OIL COKEAHT (KS'.i JEHSEX) 30 B0CI2FSL153 FIAEA KSJ IDEE 20, HEW TOHK '' ",003118 EXX-MOR-003225 SCKKiEY 0? THE KJJrT? IKDSJSTSIAL HTGZ3IES P50SI2KS OBSERVED 13 SEVERAL P37XISHI25 ESSO C DHPArTf C. K. Berry, Ph.D. In the tics allotted to me, I should I He to discuss the industrial hygiene problems in the Bnr-o Company on the baoio of* broad groupin'?/: intr the type of expccuros. I beliovo that this approach, rather thar. by operc- tion, vi.ll point up mors clearly the responsibilities of the industrial hygienist* The following io a partial Hot: 1. Exposure to toric gases, vapors, and mists 2. Exposure to toxic fuaee and dusto 3. Industrial dormatitin * a. Primary irritants _ . b. Sonoitiring agents 4-. Exposure to carcinogens . 5. Excessive heat o. Excessive noise 7. Inadequate illumination v 8. Inadequate ventilation ' a. General ' b. Local exhaust ' 9. Vibrating tools 10. Atmospheric pollution . 11. Sanitary facilities r 12. Special oroblens Tcic-gesso, vapors, and mists occur quite generally throughout the refineries; from hydrogen oulfida in tho processing of sour crudes., to mercury vapor m the instrument shops; from sulfur dioxide in air-dee ecokiny, ' e^0 03H9 EXX-MOR-003226 2 to carbon monoxide in synthesis gas/ and frca benzol vapors in solvent- dovringj to the aists associated vith drum painting. Other potential expo sures ore to oxides of nitrogen, neresptana, omonia, chlorine, toluol, xylol end other arcar.tics, acetone, aathyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ke tone, asthyl chloride, carbon totrachlorido, boron trifluorido, aluminum chloride, hydrogen chlorido, sulfur trioxide, lead tetraethyl, phenol, sulfur trioxide, aliphatic hydrocarbons both saturated and unseturated, vaporized lube and grease additives-, vaporized and sublimed plasticizers, alcohols from nsthyl to iso-octyl, ethers, esters, end others. Junes and duotn are encountered almost as widely, There are void ing fuses in iznintencacc operationo and occasional heavy oxposuren to sil iceous catalyst duets, colie durst frca eouitment cleaning and litharge dust in Doctor sweetening, asbestos duot in insulating operations and talc dust in rubber manufacture. Catalyst manufacture offers a vido verioty cf aunt exposures. Lube and groans manufacture offer exposures to diatomaccouc eertli, several types of clays, graphite, metal stearates, lime, asbestos, nice, end others. Metallizing eperatione, lead burning, send blasting and pipe- recon ditioning -- all present potential industrial hygiene problems. The problem of industrial dermatitis is like the poor -- always vith us. The problems vary from those associated with defatting of the chin, as vould occur on intimate contact vith certain petroleum fractions, to those accompanying the use of harsh abrasives and detergents in hand cleansers. There exo plant exposuron to primary skin irritants, such an the mineral acids end alkalis, end to more serious substances, as.tho chromates. Cutting oi'm, gasoline, lube, and grease additiveo present opportunities for contact vith primary irritones, as veil as cenritizing agents. EMO 0312 0 -3- Exposure? to carcioagana, known and suspected, dips heavily intc the ties asd energy or tho industrial hjgioniEt. All of ur. are familiar with the problca associated with wax pressing. The control of thio prcb]cm: however, my not be sufficiently complete as statistical evidence ic count ing that the incidence of systemic manifestations among thin group of cmploj eos la out of lino vith that for the general refinery population and the population at large. The control program inuct be continuallj' observed and relieved to incuro that narisnnn worker protection is provided. Animal experimentation has indicated that certain hoary fractions from catalytic cracking are potentially carcinogenic to man, as are the V'.rn fren steam cracking end thermal reforming. Tho control programs for theca materials have boon discussed in acted1 and need not be reviewed at this tins except to indicate that they represent a significant effcit on the r~-t of industrial hygieno personnel/ pact and present, and there is every reckon to believe that even greater industrial hygiene effort will be required before all groups ccacernod with the problem are sure'that a satisfactory control program has boon evolved, inaugurated, and io running smoothly. Excessive heat exposures cannot bo solved for plant peroonnol as easily ac fer office employee: where the latter can be sent hare in the si.dale of the afternoon if it gets too hot. Such errpoource, directly acsoci eted with the work/ occur in such widely varied activities as pips bending and furnace thermocouple servicing, certain boiler houae activities, and working in confined areas where the equipment has not cooled down entirely. During certain sansonr, any physical labor of a strenuous type, and cnpoclnl if it is performed in direct sunlight, may represent an occupational cxvonur cf no moan significance. M0 03121 - Is. - A ssdical opinion has been crproeocd in certain of the refineries that hearing impairment in relatively common among certain groups of workers, euch as the boilermakers. However, high noise levels arc encountered in other parte of the rofinsry an veil. Potentially undesirable noise levels &i{$rt be encountered in the vicinity of high-Dpoed pumps, in coxrrcocor rooms, in generator roams of the power houses, to mention only a feu. Inadequate illumination is a problec that affects clerical personnel as much and as.often as process workers. Satisfactory illumination nust be considered in clooo conjunction vith tho job tc bo performed end is a compo site cf a number of items -- the intensity of the limit, its color, contrast, amount of glare, and anglo of incidence. Potential difficulties arising from inadequate illusdrati.cn may bo encountered in any area of the refinery cut is nost likely to arise from clerical activities. Fortunately, the- open type of construction employed in petroleum refining reduces tho number and variety of general ventilation problems vith which the industrial hygienist mart contend. On tho other hand, ` there ore numerous instances where enclosures have boon ccnotj-uctod for the shelter of men and/or equipment,and the ventilation of these cpacoc then bcccroo n problem. Pua? houses frequently effor ensures to liydrccn sulfide; com pressor houses nay provide exposures not only to hydrogen sulfide, but alro to methyl chloride, aimcnia, or seme other refrigerant. In many cases local o?:hauot ventilation is required for orodfic operations. Hash of us is familiar with the rnrov paint booth and the laboratory hood, but the need for this type of ventilation can be dcaon"t-Ttod for metallising`operations, permanent voiding locations, dogreasers, and driers, calenders,' and ducting nachlnco in rubbor rnnufac tn-e. HO 03 12<1 - 5 Ab in the cose of illirsinstion, each operation irunt be considered on an individual basic. If no ventilation io provided, than the mod for such control xruot be daconotrated and aeoistenee provided to bo cure that the system vill be of the correct docign and of suitabla capacity. Becauro ventilation for health protoction io so poorly understood, every induotriri hygienist nuot bo convercant -1th hoed and duct design, fan types., and the proper collector to use for the specific contaminant. The capital outlay for.a satisfactory ventilating system is far too large to permit unconcern over its future performance by the industrial hyglonict. Vibrating tools are in use throughout tho plicats and their effects are of interest iron an occupational standpoint. Those instruments rang:- from electrically driven star drillo, to JochhagsorB and pavement breakers j and frea the uso of chipping chiccln, to riveting operations. These need to be scrutinised from the standpoint of frequency and duration of use, the number of cycles por minute, and features peculiar to the activity that nay have significant medical inplicationo. Since tbs snog incident at Donors, Pennsylvania, currently being investigated by the Industrial 5ygiene Divinicn, "U.S. Public Health Service, the specter of atmospheric pollution has haunted ths industrial hygienist. Thio individual is trained and experienced on the evaluation and control of atmospheric contaminants vithin a plant and it is only a snail step, and c very logical -one, for him to be called upon for similar functions related to tho diocharco of undacirablp contaminants into the atmosphere of a carnality. All cf tho Ssbo refineries arc located in urban areas, and it io not unlikely that tho vorh lend cf the in-iurtrial hygicnita '-ill be augmented by toins called upon in doits dsgree to assist Eonace^nt in this field of endeavor. E KQ 0312 3 - o- With respect to canitnry facilities, it would bo desirable to be assured that all govornssntal requirements arc oat and exceeded and that pny control program, ss in tho case of the carcinogens, vill not bo ir-poded by the lack of lavatories and showers. In cortain of our establishments, the lack of -suitable facilities, their location, or their physical condi tion, is a very real problem. On the other hand, this condition is being ataadily alleviated, and the next few years Bhould find the cituation much improved. . In addition to tho industrial hygiene problems and activities previously enumerated, thero aro others, real or alleged, that'require investigation. Yooterdny wo hoard of tho cancer problem associated with the manufacture of isopropyl alcohol at the Sayway Kefincry. This problem, considered acute by the local jnanagenont because of tho employee relatione aspect, hno entailed a tremendous amount of effort and tho oed Id not in sight. Boroloping incidonco figuroc for the Chemical Troducto area alone utilized all available peraomol free tho Kcdical Department of the Jersey Company and our own for several weeks, and incidence figures for the alcohol plant are just now being completed. Zbo etiologic agent is not known but no effort is boing spared to identify it. Only after the problem has been veil defined will it be possible to set up an intelligent control program. The facts evolved at Sayvny must then bo translated, insofar as they are comparable, into a program at Baton Bongo. ' _ Several studies of a similar type nay be in order in other refin eries, inasmuch as atatenonta relative to tho incidencco of certain medical entitioo have-'been cade and should either be substantiated or disproved. CM3 April 11, 1949 EH003124 HZi'JGTRXM, SSSIKKS OSSSTCSH IK Tig B-VITPin1 KJT-":?! J. W, Ecrrnnd, K.S. In 19^6 a survey of the Baytown Sefimry end the Specialty riant was s-ida with the assistance of Hr, K. Y. Een&rickc, Hie purposes of this survey were to detorains the mturiole and conaitionc of health Gignificencn and acquaint the Industrial rygdonict with the technical operations, material, and products which are handled ir. tho Rofinery and the Specialty riant. Those operations' nrd the nature cf the mtcrielc uei-c investigated for tho purpose of locating any problem associated with refinery operations: that sigrt have an advance effect ca the health of ths employees. Sons of the questions that were studied which seen to bo the most outstanding era pre sented in the sn.ma.ry attached, The subjects eaown are by no noanc a complete list of observed industrial hygiene problems associated with refinery opera tions and the manufacture of petroleum specialties. * On page cno cf tho Summary the sanitary phaccr of tho industrial hygiene survey aro briefly presented, Tho question of protection cf the drink!as water supply and the method cf bacteriological]}*- checkins this for unsuspected sources of cantcminatioa vers invest!sated. As a result of thin investigation several vooknocBca wore brought out. The method of collecting saaples was changed tc- include ccnplcG every three months from tho foremost ends of the water mains in addition to collecting aample c at a point very near the veil site. This ecu program has disclosed, on on*.; or two occanior.r-, isinor contamination which has resulted in a roro careful control-over the en tire systes. It was observed during thic survey that thorn were severe] foun tains and othc-r-.tiaccs where employees obtained tlioir drinking water that did not caot with tho nimirra ctandard from the standpoint cf canitctior.. A progran is now underway with tho orders being issued iron the manager of the reirnsry to replace all unapproved type of fountains, thus to eliminate any EK003125 S. I crocs infection of the pcroonnol by thin moons. The c-ld typo cf drixrirw: water cars arc hales roplsced hy a sanitary lype which hoops tbs vntnr aj:i ico separated. Until the now typo of cans can ho substituted in every in stance, chlorine ballots aro being used to Otari lice the drinking voter mixture in tho insanitary typo of cano. The refuse and sewage dioposal mstkods vare studied. The good sanitary program ouch as, the construction cf tho novagw dispose! plenty installation of sewerage lines to separate the etorm and industrial vasto drains from the sanitary severs, and replacement of all tho open-typo privies,, has been greatly accelerated sinco this survey. This sw-vey pointed out through the report that coszunl.cehla diseases wore easily tronoritted by various insects under the existing conditions in the Bcfinary. The washing end sanitary facilities available to tho employees were reviewed. Eeccruandntlcns for tho increase in the number of these fa cilities were mc.de and in many cases the neaded changea or additions hove been secured. This proemm has been veil underway aince before the connec tion of the Industrial Hygienist with the Company, but due to the bringing to light of many industrial hygiene problems which would dictate tho nood for the oxpenslon cf the facilitieo, thin program haa now reached the stago that the approval of requested facilities from top management ic aasurod if they are essential in the nodical program. By tho beginning cf the yoar I?[;0, the facilities which were soon to have boon needed will ba ccnplotcd or undor con struction. In a few locations where toxic materials were being handled and the nature of the work nac it nocespory for the employees to get badly oot\?c, hot water has.'becn added t tho present washing facilities. The preeenco of toxic rsterialo was brough to the attention of the hk-nagamjnt to justify tho addad expense of installin hot water. EH003124 EXX-MOR-003233 -3- It will only be pccciblo in tho few niautoo that ha^'c-boor, to ns to cover the moot outstanding hazards associated vith toxic materials. First, from the standpoint of the number of employcoo exposed aud the general presence of the enteric! throughout the Refinery, one vould have to list hydrogen and organic sulfidoo. Prior to this ourvoy, acvcral Canos of serious yo irritation cone to the attention of' the Medical Division from a low grace exposure of rather long duration to sulfides. At anothci location this aurvoy diocloced that there was a rather serious possibility of cyo irritation, fron the preeenco of hydrogen sulfide. Before any action taken on the recommendation, such as instiparting a dotoiled_study of this location and reccsssndiag adeounto ventilation, several eye casco reported to the hospital for treatment fron tills unit. Thera .still exists the used for a detailed and quantitative invontigntion of thc-se sulfides in lrr.r.y clhi-r units. Thin gas has been roaponaiblo for very serious, acute poisoning cud 0533 casco have resulted in fatal!tioc. Under the existing conditions, th^ precautions used, end the concentrations cf oulfido that aro nbu 'found, it is the opinion that the danger la not only eye irritation, but possibly chronic systemic poisoning fren lev concentrations. The currently uecd sul fide detector is not sensitive enough to pick up concentrations of there pruneo which will produce physiological effects. An adequate appraisal would depend upon using absolute quantitative chemical methods and integrated camples. There aro at least five skilled crafts where possibility of plunhlnm exiotaTo data no investigation of this problem in the nature cf either atmonpheric samplas or lead excretion valueo of body fluids has been carried out. This latter will seen be undertaken by the analytical laboratory. Mercury is extensively used by the laboratory analytical group, thn research engineers, end handled in largo quantities by the Instrument i-hn. EH0G312? This potential prcblon hoc received u great deal of attention iron the Medical Division through having ecployocs vith the greatest ezpocuro report to the hospital so that urine specimens could be-- collected end cub- mittad to the analytical laboratory for analysis. More than So sarnies have been, collected and chocked for mercury do far. This study Id continu ing. In several locations nercury vapors have been found by atnoepberic paro ling. In sens of thece locations where mercury ia regularly used., a vochly check is -bsins ns.de and a record kept by the operating personnel or the analytical laboratory at the request of tho dopertrcntal cupcrviaor. Other heavy metals which have been located and vo know present enough exposure! that they should bo studied aro zinc, chromte, cadmium, and to a loccor degree, beryllium. Up to the present tine no quantitative values are avail able on these materials. Silica and asbestos ore both extensively used in the Bcfinery by a United nunber of employees. To date the only quantitative study vs hevo nade dealt vith the ccnpocition of contact clay. Ihe free silica contont of these clays hao boon determined by a caroful chemical analysis ncricted by x-ray opoctogroph. It is felt that a study on the atmospheric concentrations on allies and oilicate duct associated vith rclinir.g the furnaces Id cf immediate importance. Silica bricks sire commonly used in lining the furnaces used in the Bofinery. Bren where silicate bricks are used, it is known that in high temperatures theoa silicates decompose to form very dangerous ferns of silica, criotobalite, end tridynite. The exposure to asbestos under normal operating conditions in tho Befinery ia not* extensive but frequently it is necessary fer an insulator to do work inside of a elooed. space vith limited ventilation, making It poocib?.o that a high concentration of asbestos dust nay be engendered. Also,the HO 03128 -5- ' asbestos iasulntioaii ore ocved by pover aavo vhich give off rather bon--y clouds of dust, This problem should be studied. The analyois for free allies in. contact lubo clave disclosed U:ct the average concentration is about five percent. This is valuable icforrrtica in vic*.r of the fact that the Public Health Service* haa on record an analysis of a sir!lor type clay vhich they claim to have contained 20^ free Dilica. It further bchcovos uo to sake fairly complete ourveyn of the locc- tions vhere silicate is apparently being handled, including the Bubber Plant vhere talc is applied tc the finished rubber. Such e dete.ilj.-tl study, vith complete duct counts at various locations and exposures. Vill bo invaluable for our records should "ire lator bo confronted vith ccrplnints ar.d claims from former enployeea *nho might have vorksd at the so locations. ho - doubt tho dust counts vill disclose cone unnecessarily dusty operations that can In controlled by mechanical means. - At the Acid Plant and at the SO2 Plants, lev concentrations of (sul fur dioriao and trioxides nro potential problems. Many complaints have been received at various times from the Acid Plant, and it vas observed that various operations carried out there involve irritating concentrations. As a happy result of an active deportment management's attempt to improve these condi tions, the current situation is much improved. The proof cf those improve ments vas recently brought to our attention vhen it vas reported that emrlc-yccG are now requesting to bo assigned to the Acid Plant rather than trying in every vay possible to get transferred away, liot all of the problems have been solved,but much money for the purpose of improving this area has boon spent end even mcro-'Hop been requested. . ir. connection vith the sulfur oxide problem, not cnly in the Bofirvry proper but in the surrounding community, a study has been instigated to tsko EH003129 -6atsosphoric b espies at various distances froa the Refinery to estr.bUr.3i infomatian pertaining to the concentrations that any exist under varying vsaths-r conditionr. It is planned that this study vill be prolonged ov*-a period of years, if necessary, to establish enough factual analytical date that a decision can hr reached or. to tho extent of the troolen wMh vnr<v* gases. j\ preliminary inrestig-iticn nr to the extant of ve^station dcanr. ii: the vicinity of the Refinery ban already been started. It vac observed dur ing this survey that fairly high conconti-ations of nitreg^n dioxide existed in four snail tuildirgc accociatrd vita the. Ar-id Plant, A injoeph^ri c rr:nJ'"o* disclosed that the nitrogen dioxide exposure vfes a very serious probirn t3 anyone having to enter the building even for a short period. Warning. cirri.-, have been placed in this area and Munagcnent has ordered that the engineers design adequate ventilation to reduce the concentrations of nitrogen ie**\d-.* to those that are xe-rognirod as hornless. Concentrations of benzol vere detected in thu atooophero nt tin* Plant, in acne of the. laboratories, and- at the Bottle laundry vhich verc* t-f-lieveci to be excessive iVr prolonged exposure. Ac a result of the cducr.. 5 orn 1 Vorh accomplished through this survey, the 3<BU Plant supervisor has initiated the reseval of benzene and the substitution of toluene in its stead. This substitution does not control the problem entirely, but it dlair.ishcr the sericusnsss of it. Other aromaticr, including toluene and xylol, cuticnes, and othr re c.ro manufactured in large quantities. These erpscuren r.re considered ir. nary cases to be vi thin, .accepted Units, but Ihert* is no try of being cure t;i to 11::' off. ; 1 that they soy produce or. the health of the employers viihojt raking r-uif< jiert atsospheric examinations to cstobliih the range and durst ion of exposure*. H003130 EXX-MOR-003237 -7- It is a common practice to use chlorinated hydrocarbon to c*rnn electrical motors and various instruments in two or sore4 departments of the Refinery. This problem is being currently Btudied in detail with the assistance of the safety engineers* This study viil include not only the Refinery and the Specialty Plant,, but oloo the Production Dcpartrrnt drri Humble Rips Lins Company's operations. Yarcol vas found being uoad freely vithout rogord to tho liru aro- caticB it contains. `In a fev units heat, vhich has been the cause of various fatigue cases as veil as the source of many complaints, va* oboerv*>d. Time has not permitted any detailed study of the problems associated vifch hect and noin'-, but it is felt that it If important enough that such a study is justified. In most caoec, these studies have been carried out by the operating personnel in charge cf the various departments vitfc the aaoistonce of the- laboratories vhich ara available to then. The Medical Division bag scrv-:-d as consultant on making available approved type analytsral methods to be used in atmospheric tecting, analysis of urine camples, end to interpret the rooulta that the analyst reports. In soma departments the supervisor has not felt that they had qualified personnel, eupplios, equipment, cr tbs time to mcJi" these indicated surveyn. In these cases, vhon possible, the Industrial Hygieni has carried cut the chemical and engineering services. In doe? instoncer lb-? equipment and time vere not available to the Industrial Hygienist and he has turned to the industrial hygiene services of the Toxaa Stcte Department of Health for assistance cn a quantitative appraisal of the toxic materials krovr to be present* in ths atmosphere. These public officials have been very co operative in every -'ey in trying to further the general well-being of thv Humble employees. . EH003131 -6- 2?isa doss not persit ns to .touch on many of the other probitnr, boss of which are as major as theso, thet have been uncovered,nor ic this the meeting to report cn the sanitary engineering aspect of the verk vhich has been carried out in close cooperation with the civil engineerc of the Corapeay. It is sufficient to say that, as a result of thoce actiritic-r, thn various engineering standards and guides have been rewritten vith the viev in mind of sailing it possible for the uninitictod engineer to supervioc construction of adequate vater and sewage facilities to protect employees* health Thlo phase cT tho problem peecs to hrve net vilh ccnplr.to njnrovj i of Managesont. . JWj{ April 12j 19^9 EH003132 l EXX-MOR-003239 APH3QIX SUl-y.--Hr OF r3SLH-CCKft3T INDUSTRIAL HYGXEliE SURvFI AT BClTQWH Condition and focility Drinking Water, Fountains and Coolers Sewage Disposal Washing and rctential Dioeoacg Twenty-one Cosruni, cable Diouar-es Ten Com:unicable Diseases Skin Irritation (densatitio) and Systemic Poiscninc Department cr Craft Effected 3;r Bcccc-raendation Turnaround and labor Gangs, and Twenty or More Units All Units end Feraormol K^chonical, labor, Procecning and Others EHG03133 EXX-MOR-003240 SUMMUIY OF HEIOfMIHAjT INDUSTRIAL EYGXSSF S-JBVBY AT 5\YPOWK Material or Condition Hydrogen and. Organic Sulfides Lead Potential Diseases Syo Irritation and Ulceration. Systemic Poisoning `lursbiaa Mercury Zinc, Metal Chrc-imtes and Bsryliiusj (SiiESvt Exp.) Silice and Ar-bestoa Mercurialise Pune Fever, and Systemic Poisoning Lung Cancer and Silicosis, Fiberoois, Brythema Cancer of Lungs Dspartser.ta or Crafts Af fee-tad _______ By PoccCTnrndatlcnn Distillation, light Brae, Cracking, Treaters, rurpir.r:. Gauging, ItachnniaQl 5: Ct'ifrn labor, Painting, "Weld inf. and Burning cnid Machine )o)i Instrument, laboratory. Warehouse and Pilot Pie. Mocha Painting, Mechanical Labor Brick Hasc-ns k Hclpcro, Insulators, laborers end Pipe Benders EK003134 EXX-MOR-003241 3 SUidlARY OF PHBIIKIKARY IMITJ55?tIAL STS1SKS SURD'S! A? BAYTOWN Materiel or Condition Silicaoee end Ccho lust Sulfur Bicrids and Trioride end Acid Mist Kitroo.tn Cio-ido Potential Effects ' Eitrosic, and Possibly Luo2 Timor s Irritation, Asthma, and Poisoning Buem o: Lungs XvsrnrtEcnt or Craft Affected by Rec-ornendationr. Contest, Straining and Blending, Cradling Coils and Ichor Tranter3, Acid Plant, Batteries, and . 50g Plants Acid Plant and Welding EM003135 I 1 EXX-MOR-003242 -k- SUi-fHABY OF 5PJSUHIKA3Y IK0USTP.IAL HTC-IEKX SUHVTY AT BIYTD'^K (Continued) Kiterial or Condition Borzoi Toluol, Xylol a2ad Heavy Aronntico Vara cl and High Aromatic Kachthi Chlorinated Eydrocarboao Heat end Koise _ Potential Effects Blood Biccson auc Cancer Bleed BiDecoe Dejiratitis and Bleed Diseaao Cirrhooic cf Liver General Halaiso, Exhaustion and Deafnson Department or Craft Affected by Desosscnlr.tionn HLE Plant, Laboj-atory and Bottle Laundry HBK, SDg Plnntr. ISHJ, KHU, cad P & G Units Generally Used Throughout Befinery Instrument St Electrical Maintenance Crevs, Punpero, Boiler and Paver Houses Personnel EH003136 EXX-MOR-003243 SvJKiiHT OF IltUUSTHlAL EIGIEjS ISOBTES-S IF. CQSiSSCnOH KITE SOl-S STAKEriHD OIL ISYELOPI-EltT COMPANY5 S ESSO LABORATORIES RESEARCH PROJECTS AT 3S.T0H ROUGE ______________ (IOUISIAR\) EEFHSSY . Boy S. 3onGio> A.M., E.K, For the past five or six years, periodic visits have been rear to the Eaton Rouge (Louioinna) Rcfimory to discuss now research projects viih these directly concerned and to inspect recent pilot plants, in order to insure that the necessary precautionary measures are incorporated as an integral tart of process instructions end included in the design of nev equipment. Many of the research projects include new compounds ouch ao tetrahydroghthalirri.ee and. pe rchlorone rcantan, the toxicity or physiologica! effects cf which arc unknown although their physical and chemical proper ties are perfectly familiar. In such caoec, we have endeavored to obtain the missing toxicological information through surveys of the available liter ature. visits to plants manufacCuring or working with the material in questJen and by personal diccuscions with qualified individuals vho have studied the toxic properties of the particular compound or similar ones. ddd laboratories at Baton Rouge are now carrying on a nur.bor of now projccto which present definite induatrial hygicno problems end health harardo. For patent security reasons it will not bo feasible to diacucs sons of the nest difficult problems but merely locution a few of tho compounds involved} however, aevcral typical projects will bo presented eq iliustrationo of acse-of the problems encountorcd and a list of those which have boon con sidered in detail will bo given at the conclusion cf this- paper. For esrccplf*: RETORTING OF OH SEALS - At the present tin? over a thcunor.d tone cf crushed oil shale from Rifle, Colorado are being fluidised and retorted for th'i United States Burouu of Minos at the rats of about 20 tono per dny. AlU::.*r:> pvery little is known regarding the physiological effects of American Shale 012c, Scottish Shale Oils, which are oirri-lnr in composition, have boon definitely E HO 03137 EXX-MOR-003244 2- shovn -to be carcinogenic; consequently, American Shale Clio may to pj-ccu-rd to be carcinogenic also. In addition to the possible hazard duo to chin contact vith shale oils, the inhalation of oil mists or vapors and the* spent -shale dust are potential hazards. Then too, aromatic compounds of nitroiyii, principally as ardnss, and sulphur, -present an thiophenes cr nerenpeonc., also be sources * of trouble. SSXB0SAH53H STlFTaSSyS - A aeries of Bnall pilct unite, aa vc-ll on ons or tvo larger ones, are now operating at temperatures ranging from L3oP. to pressures ranging from atmospheric to 300h pounds per square inch using various types of catalysts, The principal one of-thedo synthetic hydrocarbon operations is the OXD Synthesis, in vhich an Olefin, hydrogen, ana carbon monoxide produce an aldehyde in tha presence cf an iron or cobalt catalyst. This aldehyde io then converted into an clcohcu. ouch nr ootnnol. Tho cain points of possible hazards arc the Carbon ftouonido in the oynthe de gas vhich io under 3000 pounds pressuro, Cobalt Carbonyl present ao tho catalyot in step 1, and the Aldehydes precont ac product from stop 1 ruid us food to step 2. CATALYSTS XKV5STI&1TIPK5 - A definite pncuiscnoconicsls hazard is encountered in tho grinding, blending, ecreoning and pilling operations in volved in the production and study of nev catalysts. A now hydroforsing catalyst io now being zzado which require a some exposure to Pontaaol and Mercuric Chloride. Other catalysts require tha use and handling of vory finely divided (less than 3 microon) charcoal and iron oride, as veil as com pounds of Cobalt, Manganese and Beryllium. ' ArpimgcEents voro recently made to pill ^5,000 pounds of an oxida tion catalyst made by the Davidson Chemical Company. This cntnjyst contains about 0.5 percent Vanadium Pentoxide, the balance being a cilicate. "Ludcr.',' a liquid silicate, is added to facilitate the pilling. EK0Q313 8 CHEMICAL HZFHTIKG of GASQ3a"\5 - A nsw end more effective mrthod of refining gp-ooline and naphthas is being investigated in vhicfc a colloidal Sodium paste in Toluol, Sulphuric Acid end Formaldehyde vill be employed. METALLIC HS3CUfiY - A hazard continuously encountered around re search laboratories results from leaving spilled metallic Mercury lying around to contaminate the atmosphere. IhlG unsafe practice is usually prevalent in Inntnmant Bepair Shops. The uso of J*jercury Boilers operated at a temperature of 90Q0?* end =- pressure of 60 pounds per square inch also present a definite Ksrcuricliea hazard unices certain precautionary meaoursD are earn fully ob served. C-OIL BROJBTT - Dioxans, a very volatile and inflarmablo solvent, in used in the preparation of C-Oil. Besides causing oeriouc kidney injury, -Dicxone also attacks the liver seriously. . K3LTKEESZATI0U BBCJ5C73 - A vide variety of studies arc under v?.y for the production of synthetic resins and rubber-like maicrials. These stud ies mot only erepose the investigators to the knovn hazards of such materials as Methyl Chloride, Acryolnitrile^ and the various antioridsntB and inhibitors, but mover irritant compounds such as Boren Trichloride, and Brcminated Xyleneo end Pentanes. hSTEnGlNT ADCTIATES - Conaiderabl& active interest is being taboo in the production of a detergent alkylate vhich is obtained by the alkylation of Benzene with a Cio Olefin fraction using Alujoinum Chlorido os' a catalyst. The hazardous materials used in this project being Benzene and Aluminum Chloride, ;***. . Srx-CIAL STUbTES A\I> r^TAll.B-O REPORTS - Ik: toiled information inclmU'n necessary precautionary measures have been secured and supplied to thoco dirric ly concerned in the soo laboratories, the Medical Department and Safety' EMO 0313 9 -4- Bepartnsrt .at Baton 3ouge Bsfinery- upon the f ollouing subjects: 1. Vapor-Proof Flashlights 2. Safe Heating Unite ' 3- Poterrnl ration of Foraic Acid, in Urine 4*. l-faaourco for Safeguarding the Sorraling and Handling of KEEEItS and various Intermediate Froducts. 5. Suggestions for Construction of Rev Load-Blending . . Boon in Connection vith Sana laboratories. 6. Periodic Incpcctions of Equipment in Fischer Synthesis Pilot Operations. . 7. One-Way lock for Boor of 1-Bay laboratory to Provent laahnfji- of Harmful Bays end Brposure to Workers. 8. OC2TL AXCCHOIS and BICCTTL rETEAIATE. 9* riant Precautionary Measures. 10. Precautionary Ifeasureo for Safeguarding the* Use of Liquid Envelops For Protection of Stencilling on Bruns for Erport Service. 11. Phyaiologicnl Effects of Ultrasonic Badiations in Connection vith Production of Catalyst Gol. 12. Properties and Probable Physiological Effects of ALETL ALUMIIKJM CHL0BIBE5. .. 13. Physiological Effects of aiRCOHIUM TEERACELOBIIH. - 14, "BAXAB-11" -- Propertios and Probable Physiological Effects. 15. Physiological Effects of EROMIRAP'BD COMPQUIHiS. 16. * Physiological Effects of Cg to C10 ALOSHTDES. 17. Physiological Effects and Suggested Precautionary Kraeureo for Safeguarding tho Handling of BBOMIWS. 18. Safe guarding the Handling of 0C7TL ALCOHOLS. EK0031AO 1. Physiological Effects of ISDrEOROKE, 20. Physiological Effects cf DIOCTYL PEYEjMATL 21. Phyeio-Logical Effects of 3UTERIC and I50KJTYRIC ACIDS. 2. Physiological Effects of AGSHITS STALITE, 23. B030K THIFLU0RID2 ; Its Tonicity and Sone Precautionary Heasuroc for its Uoo and Handling. 2k. HaysioloslcEi Effects of DI-CKIDPEOTADIEiE. 25; Phyriolo'GicEl ffec to of DIVIIiriaSHESHE. 26. " Explosive; Proportion'of Activated Carbon Ponder. 27. Physiological Effects of SHHUUH SALTS. 2S. Determination of Small Coscentrations of QSOIS in Working Atnonjiieres. 2?. Oil-Shale and Simla Oils: Their physiological Effecto and Precautionary thcsurcc for Safeguarding -Thoir Handling30. Physiological Effocta of COBALT CARBQKYL. ' ' 31. Precautionary Measures for Safeguarding Use of Mercury Bailors. 32. Physiological Effects and precautionary Kaasurae for Handling C03ALT, Eitely-Dividod COBALT, End COEAI.T CAHBOimS. 33. 30R0H TRICHLORIDE : Its properties, Physiological Effec and SuggoEtod Precautionary Measuros. 3k. PEHCHLOROIETHEXMEECAPTAH : Properties an;' Phyciologicr.l ' * Response. " 35. Toxicity End Physiological Effects cf Ct to C15 A1DEH1T36. Phyaiological Effects of C03ALT KAFF.'IHEXnTE. EM003141 -6- 37- Physiological Effects and Precautionary Hc-cnurac for 1,4 DI05ME. 33. Hacards and Precautionary Measurer to Safeguard the Handling of SODIDli FASTS, ja. Determination of COHliff CP33DHI1. bO. Idcuid Soap Dicponacro. 4l. Dish-Washing Squipreat and. Diah-Uashing Techniques. H.S. Bonsih, E.H. April 12, 194 EH003142 I EXX-MOR-003249 SUMMIT OF FlAiiT IKBbSTRXAL ICTIEIH BSCSLEKI'* STAHIAE!' 03L COHj&KY (H.J.) R. V. Hendricks, 1-f.S. Mr. J. W, gamond has painted out certain problems Grinning in t*r*.' Suable Oil & Refining Company and hao indicated the general nature of the Industrial'Hygiene Surrey which was cade at the Baytovn Refinery last ycrr. In' this connection I should like to eraphesino one or two pointd concerning this surrey. luring the course of this study approximately seventy diifvr** ent operations and areas in the refinery vere noted vhcrc detailed ctudicn for tho purpose of evaluating thcco opecific exposures should he node. T*r order to illustrate the extent of this vor it is estimated that complete evaluation of these exposures vill involve tho collection and annlycic of several hundred different samples. This vill have to be followed, by an an**.-, lysis cf the data thus obtained and later by the development of proper con trol procedures for the alleviation of the exposures. . lir. T. F. Hatch has out lino d certain broad principles whirl; cr'basic to industrial hygiene. At this tine I should like to point out c few things which have happened in tho Company within tho pact year, duo to ih:- fact that those principles have not been applied. Within ons unit of the Company two deaths occurred from exposures to carbon tetrachloride. It appears that a proper understanding of the behavior of this type material night have avoided thio situation. In another affiliate of tho Company a group of workers vero r-xposed to orcine gas vhich resulted in a certain number of deaths. Hero again r. study'of the operations involving the arsinic compounds and n better uwet-r- standing of`.these materials probably would have prevented this iacidrni. From another affiliate vc have received cc-rroopondencc describing to u.r tain complaints cn tho part of various groups of workmen and giving no uc 5 HO 03 1A3 'i -c - Information covering the clinical picture cf the individuals involved. VJc vere asked to give an opinion as to vhother or not theoo ccssplainto vera justified or not. In reviewing the detailB described to uo;it vas observed that the picture presented to us outlined classical picturea of lead poicon ingj natal fume fercrj and other occupational ilia. The above pointo are mentioned to illustrate the fact that there are a great number of problems resulting from the impact of the working environment of the man and that these situations are not being recognised. In many cases it is highly desirable to obtain information on cer tain exposures, although that information might be negative. As an e.-smpls cf this, ere affiliate of the Company is currently involved in litigation over an exposure of clay dust vhich Id alio gad to haves produced a certain type of pneumoconiosis followed by iribarculosie. A study of this plant and the job vhich this individual vas doing indicotno that the type cunt in question probably is incapable of producing disabling lung pathology end further* the levels of dust exposure vere lov and not in the order of magnitude vhich could be considered dangerous oven for a dust carrying greater amounts of free silica; In a situation such as this, a record of dust counts over a period of years vould be invaluable ao evidence in combating unfounded claims for dis ability. The probiom of cercinogeno within the Company has been fully diocuoccd and I aa sure that you are veil acquainted with the various environmental as pects and the tine vhich should be devoted to these problems by the Industrial* Hygienist. * The matter of atmospheric pollution has been mentioned. Tbio problem is indigenous to refinery operations and exists in several of the affilinto companion. Thore io currontly a great deal of interest and activity in uhu E MO 0314^ S7T00H3 a.rsqpo para ;ono ciapso pa paaxd xsS4cq oqp Sappazodo up opppaxMo-aupop uoqaua cp poccaxs aooq GAsq pood sqp ap oq*. ezsTTzoa sqp /s/t.^2a; ps trop3p.p0 cpanpo-rx xaaxarcqo sqp ap pno pcxa-rcs Supoq uopptSppaoAup pua-izn:: aui 'o'.foog uspsa pua ouao-5 pa auappazoclo xtu'i sqp *q poeazpaaxx? oza pnpq-apqp jo srzaxqo-rz *dZ3?>zoa jo eduoj3 poacdza oqp no eanxpopj xsopnpxo qpp* cp.roosz pasuLCoxdsa paa xaopppsx ja uapp-oxs-izoo -isdozd sap qppn, crpoqpscr x^oTPaipaps c diuo paqarcztldo sq iroa erzapparippa 4axftappzad sssuj, csoxqozd sespSAq Xapzpsnpnp ouppnaz atssss qpp/i scop -Cxt^^cxi op era sapezraa jo apaiinTra pea uoppootX33 aqq q papanpaAs sq acuuoa aaGpqozd ossux 'sq3pnsp9XE YapzpGUpci /q pa^epdas noppatfppooAiip jo Bpoqpsa ppapj panen sqp op .Cpppaoz asAposesqp p*4ux -cu CP qaTq*. .Cua&oo aqp upqppa czopqozd jo zeojsrur a oza ozocj; sqp 3 pcsedozd cap pa pspuicp ap XLrctcpjoz sqp pou zo zsqpoq- supazspop .ta aeppapped ap-roqdscnp's jo zsqq.'az oqp uoppanaps spqp nr 'psp-xs XXT-*- ^otQ.o-rd cu paqq paznnaa sq op. operas pea uapqr.pxed spa J pcopno sqp sq tX7r* paqA jo ecpqozd oqp an pqSaczq esq aoza zcrnaxqzad apqq ja qacaazGAcg psocp q& *oa-ca eSpszoj a up dzsupjsz a Sappaoop SapzGppcuao .,Cx:;aazzn.3 ' ap desdEoo strp ja sqspppjj'a zaqpctrv '.Czserrjsz zpoqp .Cq psaaao copprippcd op^aqdcccqa aqp qqpn aoppoctraoo ax CC0*052$ ?F^ sxrq ptrs Gzappcg sopppTH a-ao zoj psna trasq soq aoza aSpozoj -a trp UuppBusdo spapxT^J^ -aero .CcradeoQ aqp jo DapapxiJJ^ StrpAXOAtip seoppotippo onp aoppnsppa xno.C op Supjq op qaXA i 'osmaso 03 esspp pa aoppuxi0^ otjoqducapa qapu^ ooaap-ioeap oqp spaApatvxXT op -csp.ro ax ' JopppxTqpaacdss^ epaa^oo pp-isTprp dpxcooooa jo .Capanpap jo apuoap-radG? X"`JTpca oqp paa aappnxx0^ op-isqdscapa qppA pspapeoesa eaopp -aoxx^np X'BSTPas qpxasq apxv^ J13 dxapapaoo *crao7=assipp qifacq apxsj'-d jo jcsppaa a cpqp Sapjisppsaoo saa <bopA-rss qpxasg axxa.TVa 'S'fl o-[P fleppnxstrp csoX3Uo2a wsb \ioppaxxd opaoqdcoapa jo Piapj - r- 11 t EXX-MOR-003252 V_, - From tine to tine ire arc caked to esaist in predicting the nature of certain problems vhich vould develop from the too of beetle mterialc in certain Company preducts. In vork cf thin kind ve* arc celled upon to cal culate on a theoretical basis concentration levels of various compounds vhich could exist from the use of nntorialr manufactured in -various vnyc. Information of this type is at tines helpful to certain people in evaluating end considering the inclusion of certain cexpounds in rsar.ufacturin5 presedureu. Currently there is a conridcrnblo enount of interest on the part of official Governmental {troupe tovords the adoption of codec rad regulations vhich vould establish certain hygienic standards for industrial operations. The American Conference cf Governmental Industrial Eygdonlctc ban recently prepared a proposed uniform Industrial Hygiene Code vaicb they expert to serve as a guide for the various States. In preparing such rules and regulations for local adoption, if appears that, if and vhen such cedes ere adopted in the various States, from a legal standpoint the Company vill be responsible for compliance vith the various provisions. Therefore, it has boon important for ug to follow the progress of theoe codec and to study their contents with the thought in mind as to vhat implications might result from their adoption, Recently the Province cf Quotoc officially adopted ouch n code and inductricn in that area arc now governed by the variolic previsions, Tills directly affeetr the Ibntreal Refinery of the Imperial Oil Company. From information vhich ve have obtained concerning the Quebec Code, it appears that tbo Ic-cal Government Agency responsible fer the administration of this Coda means business and that they expect industry in that Province to comply vith the provisions. Su.jpive you seme idea as to the extent and. typu of thenn problem-!, l might any that during 19bc* ve advised eleven affiliate companies on approxi mately tvo-himdred-fifty ceporato problems. These came r.s requests for infor mation and assistance end I believe have represented coma of tha problems E KO 03 14 6 _. vhich were recognized. It further appears that these sake up only a email portion of the actual problems in existence, as nary such situations axe not recognised end, ao a result, no voric ir being done on then; * Siere is an urgent noed for a closer coordination between the nsdical end engineering investigations on industrial hygiene problems, I do not think that this point can be oxer-emphasized. It cannot be assumed that industrial hygiene represents an engineering function alone, but on the other hand the fact mast bo accepted that proper investigation of en vironmental problems necessitates the toes wort of the physician and the engineer. This has not yet been done to any appreciable `extent within the Company. In summary I should say that some of the environmental problems have boen recognized and have been studied in a fairly complete fashion, Many others have been recognized; but their study has haem extremely in complete and insufficient data were developed to permit indicated omalycio of the problem. Although some of these problems have received attention, there are groat areas of deficiency with respect to other problems concern ing their existence, extent, and nature of control methods required. This . applies not only'to the as re existence of cuch problems, but gone into such considerations an toxicity, use of materials, groups of vorlters exposed, their clinical pictures and the lihe. _I believe that it all adds up to the zact that va have ahead of us a tremendous amount of wort vhich must be done. N.V. aendricfesV-K-S. April 11, 19^9 - EH0031A7