Document M4kJg0doMGwZ93O1roGbOZNJL

fi 280 CHAPTER 20 1959 Guide mH= , mUi________ _____ I-- 11 1 1i O O O' A 5 5' -o* Winter convection current A. far mlni|. TTn--tiefnntney for twtinf in irvmriimat-- the ootaida temperatore a ewaatentty below 40 F, and single glus and own* slated walla ere prevalent. B. Performance approximately that of A when email diffusers are need in bottom of the duet. C. Satisfactory for cooling. Satisfactory for heating if direct radiation b prop-, arty controlled. D. flstirii^tiuy for KntK wwlm| siwt beating. tTm si? K-- discharged tightly away irom the walland for low valodtba, ahonld be *""< oat parallel to the walL Rg. 12.... Distribution Methods for Small Rooms A. Star WatL High oatlet velocity, eatbfactory if properly deeigaod; poarfbQity of excessive air motion and drafts if naed for wroog apptwation. B. Front IPeO. High outlet velocity, remit* same aa AC- Front oad Star WeB*. Moderate room air motion, outlet blowa thoold not impinge firing rbe to downdraft* in center. D. Center. Moderate air motion, do impingement of air obtains. Good raealte. E. One Side. Moderate roam air motion; should blow toward expoecd wall. Good results. F. Ctlw. Low room air motion. Good results. Outlets should be selected of sufficient *txe to allow for Mooting wbeo not located in perfect equates Rg. 13.... Small Store Cooling Distribution i|-' 4y % H- balcony is cut up by architectural treatment or beams. The only critical points are under the balcony, and (occasionally) above the very rear of the balcony, where veiling heights are low and where direct impingement of air is sometimes a hazard. Wall or ejector distribution is particularly applicable for relatively long and narrow theaters. It is essential with this type of distribution that there be no interference with the movement of air throughout its entire path from the high velocity nozzles to the front of the theater. The ceiling should be smooth, without projecting beams or obstructing orna mentation. For large theaters, relatively high velocities can be used. These will work satisfactorily if adjustable outlets are used to avoid areas of local turbulence. In small or medium size theaters, it is sometimes practi cable to use side-wall or front-wall distribution. For the satisfactory operation of such a system during the winter heating period, the returns should preferably be located at the floor level and near the front of the theater to prevent cold spots resulting from exposed wall convection or infiltra tion from exits. For multi-room buildings diagrams shown in fig. 12 illus trate distribution methods for small rooms with exposed wall, suehas offices, hotel (guest) rooms, hospital (patients) rooms, apartments, etc. For a small store the cooling performance of various dis tribution methods is illustrated in fig. 13. REFERENCES 1G. L. Tuve: ASHVE Research Repost No. 1476--Air veloci ties in ventilating jets (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 59, 1953, p. 261). Alfred Koestel: ASHVE Research Report No. 1512--Com puting temperatures and velocities in vertical jets of hot or cold air (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 60, 1954, p. 385). Alfred Koestel: ASHAE Reseabch Report No. 1534--Paths of horizontally projected heated and chilled air jets (ASHAE Transactions, Vol. 61, 1955, p. 213). - *H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza: ASHVE Re search Report No. 1458--Outlet turbulence intensity as a factor in isothermal-jet flow (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 343). *G. E. McElroy: Air Flow at Discharge of Fan-Pipe Lines m Mines (U. S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations R. J. 3730, November 1943, p. 19). Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, and G. L. Tuve: ASHVE Reseabch Report No. 1404--Comparative study of ventilating jets from various types of outlets (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 56, 1950, p. 459). * R. D. Madison and W. R. Elliot: Throw of air from riots and jets (ASHVE Journal Section, Heating, Piping and Air Condi tioning, November 1946, p. 108). Alfred Koestel and G. L. Tuve: ASHVE Research Repost No. 1328--Hie discharge of air from a long riot (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 54,1948, p. 87). Alfred Koestel and C. Y. Young: ASHVE Research Report No. 1429--The control of air streams from a long riot (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 57, 1951, p. 407). fi !i $ Air Distribution 281 ** Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, and G. L. Tuve: ASHVE RgggAMTH Report No. 1366--Air streams from perforated panels (ASHVE Transactions. Vol. 55, 1949, p. 283). aH. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza: ASHVE Research Report No. 1443--Isothermal ventilation--jet funda mentals (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 107). " Entrainment in Ventilating Jets (Case Institute of Tech nology, unpublished paper). "D. W. Nelson, D. H. Krans, and A. F. Tuthill: ASHVE Research Report No. 1155--The performance of stack heads (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 46, 1940, p. 205). "D. W. Nelson, D. H. Lamb, and G. E. Smedberg: ASHVE Research Report No. 1206--Performance of stack heads equipped with grilles (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 48, 1942, p. 279). **D. W. Nelson and G. E. Smedberg: ASHVE Research Report No. 1226--Performance of side outlets on horizontal ducts (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 49,1943, p. 58). BIBLIOGRAPHY Note: This guide to the literature on air distribution is pur posely restricted to papers resulting from research sponsored by The American Societt op Heatino and Aib-Conditioniko Engi neers and other easily accessible material. ASHAE Research Laboratory Cyril Tasker: ASHVE research in air distribution and air duct friction (ASHVE Journal Section, Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, April 1948, p. 125). H. B.-Nottage: ASHVE Research Report--Ventilation jets in air distribution (See Reference 1). The following papers based on this report have been published: EL B. Nottage: ASHVE Research Report No. 1360--Turbu lence--a fundamental frontier in air distribution (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 55, 1949, p. 193). H. B. Nottage: ASHVE Research Report No. 1402--A simple heated-thermocouple anemometer (ASHVE -Transactions, Vol. 56, 1950, p. 431). H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza: ASHVE Re search Report No. 1443--Isothermal ventilation-jet funda mentals (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 107). H. B. Nottage, J. C. Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza: ASHVE Re search Report No. 1441--A V-wire direction probe (ASHVE Transaction, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 79). H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza: ASHVE Re search Report No. 1458--Outlet turbulence intensity as a fac tor in isothermal-jet flow (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 58, 1952, p. 343). H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza: ASHVE Re seabch Report No. 1461--A smoke-filament technique for ex perimental research in room air distribution (ASHVE Trans actions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 399). H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby', and W. P. Gojsza: ASHVE Re search Report No. 1459--Exploration of a chilled jet (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 357). _ H- B. Nottage: Ventilation Jets in Room Air Distribution. Originally submitted as a PhJX thesis to Case Institute of Tech nology (3 volumes). Loan copies available from ASHAE Re search Laboratory. Volume I: Data and Interpretations of Tests for Ventila tion Jets Discharging Horizontally into a Large Confining Space (131 pages + 67 figs. + 9 tables). Volume II: Appendix A. Survey of the Literature on the of Ventilation Jets and the Related Fundamentals of Turbulent Flow (499 pages inch figs, and tables). Volume 1H: Appendixes B to H. General Features of the Experimental Installations, Instrumentation, and Operations, Boundary-layer Theory'and Work-energy Treatment (142 pages md. figs.). ASHAE Cooperative Research at Case Institute of Tech nology TMo. 1140--The use of air velocity meter . (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 45, 1939, p. 645). G. L. Tuve and D. K. Wright, Jr.: ASHVE Research Report No. 1162--Air flow measurements at intake end discharge open ings and grilles (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 46. 1940, n. 313). G. L. Tuve, G. B. Pricster, and D. K. Wright, Jr.: ASHVE Reseabch Report No. 1204--Entrainment ana jet-pump action of air streams (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 48, 1942, p. 241). G. L. Tuve and G. B. Priester: ASHVE Rrsbabcm Report No. 1248--Control of air streams in large spaces (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 50, 1944, p. 153). Alfred Koestel and G. L. Tuve: ASHVE Rbhubch Report No. 1328--The discharge of air from a long riot (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 54, 1948, p. 87). Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, and G. L. Tuve: ASHVE Research Report No. 1366--Air streams from perforated panels (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 55, 1949, p. 283). Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, ar>d G. L. Tuve: ASHVE Research Report No. 1404--Comparative study of ventilating jets from various types of outlets (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 56, 1950, p. 459). Alfred Koestel and C. Y. Young: ASHVE Rubramitt Report No. 1429--The control of air streams from a long riot (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 57, 1951, p. 407). G. L. Tuve: ASHVE Research Report No. 1476--Air veloci ties in ventilating jets (ASHVE Transactions, VoL 59,1953, p. 281). Alfred Koestel and G. L. Tuve: ASHAE Research Report No. 1553--Performance and evaluation of room air distribution systems (ASHAE Transactions, Vol. 61, 1955, p. 533). ' Alfred Koestel and J. B. Austin, Jr.: ASHAE Research Re port No. 1580--Air velocities in two parallel ventilating jets (ASHAE Transactions, Vol. 62, 1956, p. 425). Alfred Koestel: ASHAE Research Report No. 1618--Jet velocities from radial flow outlets (ASHAE Transactions, Vol 63, 1957, p. 505). * ASHVE Cooperative Researdi at Kansas State College Linn Hel&nder and C. V. Jakowats: ASHVE Research Re-' port No. 1327--Downward projection of heated air (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 54, 1948, p. 71). Linn Helander, S. M. Yen, and R. E. Crank: ASHVE Re search Report No. 1475 (In cooperation with the Industrial Unit Heater Association)--Maximum downward travel of heated jets from standard long radius ASME nozzles (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 59, 1953, p. 241). Linn Helander, S. M. Yen, and L. B. Knee: ASHVE Re search Report No. 1511--Characteristics of downward jets of heated air from a vertical delivery discharge unit heater. (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 60,1954, p. 359). S. M. Yen, Linn Helander, and L. B. Knee: ASHAE Research Report No. 1562--Characteristics 6f downward jets from a verti cal discharge unit heater (ASHAE Transactions, VoL 62, 1956. p- 123)- Linn Helander, 8. M. Yen, and Wilson Tripp: ASHAE Re search Report No. 1601--Outlet characteristics that affect the downthrow of heated air jets (ASHAE Transactions, Vol 63. 1957, p. 255). Rudiger Knaak: ASHAE Reseabch Report No. 1619--Veloci ties ana temperatures on axis of downward heated jet from 4-inch long-radius ASME nozzle (ASHAE Transactions, Vol. 63, 1957, p. 527). ASHVE Cooperative Research--General E. L. Davies: ASHVE Research Reports No. 857, 911, and 966--Measurement of the flow of air through registers nnH grilles (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 36, 1930, p. 201: Vol 37 1931, p. 619; and Vol. 39, 1933, p. 373). D. W. Nelson and D. J. Stewart: ASHVE Research Report No. 1076--Air distribution from side wall outlets (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 44,1938, p. 77). A. M. Greene, Jr. and M. H. Dean: ASHVE Research Re port No. 1092--The flow of air through exhaust grilles (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 44, 1938, p. 387). D..W. Nelson, D. H. Krans. and A. F. Tuthill: ASHVE Re search Report No. 1155--Tne performance of stack beads (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 46, 1940, p. 205).