Document M4XrJe99OeQjQ8EZvjRODmdo7

Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-56 PROPERTIES AND ESSENTIAL INFORMATION FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE OF VINYL CHLORIDE ADOPTED 1954 ChviiMcoia in any form can be toMy atarad, handled car vwd H he physical. chemical and hetardom prepertiei or* fvlly under* stood and the necettory pnccvticM, indoding ritt iim of proper urfapwada ond penonal protective equipment, era abionred. #<roeunoP'-- Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc. UNIR0001630 m ( CHEMICAL SAFETY DATA SHEET VINYL CHLORIDE SUMMARY Vinyl chloride ii 0 highly volatile extremity FLAMMABLE compressed gas which is ordinarily handled in liquefied form under pressure. It has a mild anesthetic action in concentrations above 500 ppm. and Its vapors are irritating to the eyes. Precautions necessary in handling the material are detailed In the body of the Safety Data Sheet. Key points to consider for safe handling includes 1. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame. . 2. Provide adequate ventilation. 3. Ground equipment and, containers before discharging to reduce danger of ignition from static spades. 4. In discharging do not heat containers above 50*C. (122*F.). No heat should be applied to tank cars. - 5. Ail equipment should be of steel and have a designed working pressure of at least 100*150 psi. 6. In the event of occidental leaks, spills or whenever excessive vapor con centrations may be encountered only personnel equipped with approved respiratory protection should be permitted in the contaminated area. 7. Chemical safety joggles should be worn when discharging containers or tank cars or whenever there is a danger of the liquid or saturated vapor coming in contact with the eyes. 8. Waste disposal should be away from any source of ignition. Dilute phenolic residues before discharging to sewer. In case of fire use carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishing equip ment. In the event of contact with the liquid remove contaminated clothing immediately. For eyes flush immediately with large quanutlet of water for at least 15 minutes while medical attention is being sought. X \ ooooou * UNIR0001631 TABLE OF CONTESTS 1. NAME6 Pago 2. PROPERTIES ... ......................................................................................................5 2.1 Grade_______ _____ ____ --..........-- --, ..... . .. .................5 22 Important Physical and Chemical Properties 5 22 Hazardous Properties___ _____ __--- - ------ --------6 3. USUAL SHIPPING CONTAINERS 6 3.1 Type and Size__ - ....... ..... 32 Label or Identification., . . ...............-- ... --....... 3.3 Disposal and Return Precautions-__- 7 .......... - -- 6 ,, . . . 6 4. UNLOADING ANDEMPTYING______ 4.1 Health Hazards-------...-------------------- ....... ............. 42 Fire and ExplosionHazards 7 42 Cylinders_____ __________________ _ 7 4.4 Tank Cars_______________________ 8 _ .. . ___ ____ 7 7 5. STORAGE ______________ 5.1 Hazards---------------5.2 Conditions ot Storage. 8 8 8 6. HANDLING_________________________________ 6.1 Health H*2*rda____ ___ -___ - - - - 62 Fire, Explosion, and Polymerization Hazards 6.3 Spills and _ 6.4 Employee Education and Training__________ 6.5 Personal Protective Equipment____________ 6.6 Engineering Controls________ ____________ 6.7 Ventilation----- -------- - -- 6.8 Tank and Equipment Cleaning and Repairs__ 6.9 Repackaging _____________ ;_______________ 9 9 9 10 10 n 13 13 13 14 7. WASTE DISPOSAL 14 8. HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL15 8.1 Hazards___________________________________________________________ 15 B2 Prevention and Control15 8.3 Personal Protective Equipment _ _ jj 8.4 First Aid and Medieal r*r_ _ _ __ _______ 26 The information and recommendations contained in this publication have been compiled from seurees behoved to be reliable and to repretent the beet current opinion on the subject. No warranty, guarantee or repreeentation ie made by tke Association as to the absolute eorrtetnees or *ujet*ney of any representation contained in this and other Safety Data Sheet* and Manuals, and the Manufacturing Chemists' Association assumes no responsibility tn connection therewith; nor can it be aeeumed that all acceptable ea/ety meaeuree are contained in thie and other Safety Data Sheets and Manual*, or that other or additional meaeuree mpy not be required under particular or exceptional con ditions or circumstances. 000003 UNIR0001632 Chemical Safety Data Sheet Manat! Sheet SD-56 VINYL CHLORIDE Adopted February, 1954 1. NAME Chemical Names: Common Name: Formula: Vinyl Chloride Chloroethylene Chloroethene Vinyl Chloride CH,CHCl . 2.1 Grade: 2. PROPERTIES Technical with inhibitor. (Purity of sample 99.42%) 2.2 Important Physical and Chemical Properties:* Boiling Point-...................... ...................................... --13.8C. <+7*F.) Color............................................................................ Colorless or water white Corrosivity...................................................... ............Noncorrosive at normal atmospheric tem peratures when dry (moisture free). In con tact with water at elevated temperatures ( vinyl chloride accelerates corrosion of iron or steel. Explosive Limits (Percent by Volume in Air)_____Lower 4%; Upper 22^ Flash Point..................... .......................................... --78C. (--108.4F.), Open-Cup Hygroscopicity_________ _____________ _------------No Critical Pressure............ .............. ------ ---------------52.7 Atmospheres Critical Temperature................................ .............. 158.4C. (317F.) Deliquescence.................. ......................................... No Ignition Temperature. Autogenous.............. ............47222C. (882*F.) (Vapors above --60*F.) Light Sensitivity..................... ................ .................. Not a factor in handling inhibited vinyl chloride Melting Point................ ....................w--153.71C. (--245F.) (Freezing Point) Molecular Weight___ 62.50 Odor............ ....................... ......................................... Sweet smelling gas Physical State...... ...................... ......... .....................Gas at ordinary temperature and pressure. Liquid tinder pressure in cylinders or pres sure vessels at room temperature. Reactivity--.................. .. ............................ .......... Polymerizes readily in presence of air, sun light. oxygen or heat This behavior is due to the presence of a double bond. Otherwise vinyl chloride is quite stable. Vapor Density........................................... .................2.15 (Air sz 1.00) Vapor Pressure...... .................................................. 2580 mm. of mercury 20*C. (68*F.) Many of the data recorded under this paragraph were determined in the research laboratory of one of the Urge producers of vinyl chloride and are based on a technical grade material haring a purity of 99.429F. Materials from other sources may vary in accordance with the nature of the impurities or the character of the inhibitor present. 51 000004 UNIR0001633 Msnaai Sheet SD-S6 iUntettiu CWnfctt* toiiliMiw, 1m. Chloride 2.3 Hazardous Properties 2.3.1 HEALTH HAZARDS (See 8. Health Hazards and Their Control) Aside from the risk of fire and explosion, vinyl chloride presents no other very serious problem in general handling. The presently ac cepted upper limit of safety as a health hazard is 500 ppm. 2.3.2 FIRE HAZARD Vinyl chloride vapors form flammable mix tures with air at all temperatures above--78eC. (--108.4F.) 3. USUAL SHIPPING CONTAINERS all valves for inspection before each loading. Approved cylinders include ICC-4B300, ICO 4BA300, ICC-3AS00, and ICC-3AA300. Cylin der* with brazed team* are not permitted. 3.1.3 Some types of tank cars are ICC-106A500, ICC-106A500X, ICC-105A300 and ICC105A300W. Maximum permitted filling density is 84% for cylinders and for Class 1CC-106A cars and for Class ICC-105A cars 87%. 3.1.4 Filling density is defined as the per cent ratio of the weight of chemical in the tank to the weight of water that the tank or cylinder will hold. 3.1.5 ICC Regulations require that vinyl chloride must be inhibited for the purpose of transportation (See 6.241). 3.1 Type and Size 3.2 Label or Identification 3.1.1 Approved ICC cylinders and tank cars 3.2.1 Each container of vinyl chloride (in- designed to carry liquid gases under pressure .. eluding tank cars) should carry an identifying and equipped with safety relief devices. * label or stenciL 3.1.2 All parts of valve and safety devices in contact with contents of containers must be of metal or other material, suitably treated if necessary, which will not cause formation of any acetviides. A good practice is to dismantle 8-g-g The Manufacturing Chemists' Asso ciation recommends the following in addition tof or in combination with, any label warnings or other statements required by statutes, regula tions, or ordinances: VINYL CHLORIDE DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE o Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. 000003 UNIR0001634 Vinyl Chloride VftMfMtariat Chain' Awduin. Inc. Msnukl Sheet SD-56 3.2.3 Each shipping container wiust bear the ICC red label for FLAMMABLE com pressed gases. 3.2.4 Tank cars and railroad cars carrying one or more containers of vinyl chloride must bear the ICC DANGEROUS placard. 3.3 Disposal and Return Precautions 3.3.1 Small containers (ICC-4B300and ICC4BA300. without brazed seams, ICC-3A300, ICC-3AA300) should be drained free of liquid vinyl chloride and the valves closed tightly be fore they are returned to the supplier. No air should be permitted to enter the container (See 4.3). 3.3.2 In addition, the following precautions must be taken: 3.3.2.1 Return of Small Containers The cylinder valve protection cap or out let cap must be securely replaced. The lower portion of the ICC shipping tag, if attached to the cylinder, must be removed. In other cases, applicable to ICC Regulations, compliance is essential. Bill of lading should give the cylinder identification number (which appears on the shoulder of cylinder) for each cylinder shipped, show name of consignee and indicate that the cylinders are empty (See 3.3.5). Full or partly emptied cylinders should not be returned without permission of the sup plier. Such cylinders must be shipped as full cylinders and correspondingly labeled and tagged (See 3.2). AH empty cylinders should be returned promptly. 3.3.3 Tank cars (ICC-106A500. ICC-106A500X. ICC-105A300, and ICC-105A300W) should be drained free of liquid vinyl chloride, the valves should be securely closed and the valve plugs replaced. No air should be per mitted to enter the vessel. The inert gas used for the unloading procedures (See 4.4 Tank Cars) should be left in the vessel at a pressure not to exceed the service pressure for which the car is authorized. 3.3.4 In addition, the following precautions must be taken: 3.3.4.1 Return of Tank Cars As soon as a tank car is completely un loaded. all valves, must be made tight, the un loading connections must be removed and all closures made tight, except that heater coil inlet and outlet pipes (if any) must be left open for drainage. Heater coils must never be used in unloading vinyl chloride. Empty tank cars should be returned as promptly as possible, in accordance with instructions re ceived from shipper. 3.3.5 Follow ICC Regulations regarding the replacement of closures, condition and labeling of empty containers; condition of empty cars and placard requirements before returning to shipper. The ICC DANGEROUS placards on sides and ends of tank cars must be removed, or reversed (if in metal placard holders) by the party discharging the tank car. The empty car must be offered to the receiving carrier either without placards, or preferably with four (4) DANGEROUS-EMPTY placards. 4. UNLOADING AND EMPTYING 4.1 Health Hazards (See 8. Health Hazards and Their Control) 4.1.1 Aside from the risk of fire and explo sion, vinyl chloride presents no other very seri ous problem in general handling. The presently accepted upper limit of safety as a health haz ard is 500 ppm. 4.2 Fire and Explosion Hazards 4.2.1 Vinyl chloride should always be handled with full recognition of its flamma bility. Precautions should be taken both to keep the material enclosed and to eliminate sources of ignition. Reliance must be placed upon the elimination of all sources of ignition and on the provision of sufficient ventilation to keep escaping vapors at nonflammable levels (See 6.2). 4.3 Cylinders 4.3.1 Precautions generally applied to use of cylinders (ICC-4B300 and ICC-4BAS00, without brazed seams, ICC-3A300, ICC-3AA300) for flammable liquefied gases Bhould be used. 4.3.2 A water bath heated to a maximum of 50C. (122F.) may be used to empty cylinders by means of the vapor pressure of the vinyl chloride. 4.3.3 Check valves must be installed in feed lines from the cylinder to prevent the reactants from entering the cylinder. 4.3.4 When the cylinder is empty, the valve should be securely closed. Air should not be allowed to enter the container. 7` 000006 UN1R0001635 Manual Sheet SD-S6 MftBofictnriae CbmutB* Aweoatftn. lac. Tiari Chloride 4.3.5 Valve protective caps should be kept in place on cylinders except when the cylinders are connected for discharge. 4.3.6 Cylinders must not be filled except by or with the consent of the owner, and then only in accordance with the Regulations of the In terstate Commerce Commission. 4.3.7 No attempt should ever be made to mix gases or liquids in a cylinder. 4.4 Tank Cars 4.4.1 Applicable instructions for unloading tank cars containing flammable liquids are set forth in MCA Manual Sheet TC-4. (Also see ICC Regulations. Sec. 74.560 to 74.563 inclu sive. for unloading tank cars.) 4.4.2 Shipper's instructions should always be followed and all caution markings on both sides of tank and dome should be read and observed. 4.4.3 In the event of a tank car fitting fail ure or leak, the shipper should be telephoned or wired immediately for instructions (See 6.3). 4.4.4 Tank cars should be electrically grounded to dissipate static or induced light ning charges. 4.4.5 No heat should be applied to the tank car. An inert gas line or compressed vinyl chloride gas line should be attached to vent connection of the tank car to provide a pressure for transfer of the liquid vinyl chloride from tank car to receiving tank. Cylinder nitrogen (inert gas) is often used as the pressuring medium in the event vinyl chloride gas is not available. Larger in stallations may have a suction line connected from the storage tank to a compressor which discharges compressed vinyl chloride gas to vent connection on tank car. The pressure on the car should never exceed the service pressure at which the safety valve is set to operate. 4.4.6 Some tank cars in vinyl chloride serv ice are equipped with excess flow check valves. A too rapid opening of the discharge valves will cause the check valves to close. If this should occur, the outlet valve should be closed until the pressure is equalized and the excess flow valve opens. 4.4.7 Positive vinyl chloride or inert gas pressure should be left in car. No air should be allowed to enter car (See 3.3.3). 5. STORAGE 5.1 Hazards (See 8. Health Hazards and Their Control) 5.1.1 Aside from the risk of fire and explo sion, vinyl chloride presents no other very seri ous problem in general handling. The presently accepted upper limit of safety as a health haz ard is 500 ppm. v.i-c, vmyi cmonae snouia always be handled with full recognition of its flamma bility. Precautions should be taken both to keep the material enclosed and to eliminate sources of ignition. If there should be any unavoidable leaks, reliance must be placed upon the elimination of all sources of ignition and on the provision of sufficient ventilation to keep escaping vapors at nonflammable levels (See 6.2). 5.1.3 CORROSION Vinyl chloride is noncorrosive at normal atmospheric temperatures when dry (moisture free). In contact with water at elevated tem peratures vinyl chloride accelerates corrosion of iron or steeL 5.1.4 VOLATILITY Vinyl chloride is very volatile and is a gas at normal atmospheric conditions. Containers used for handling vinyl chloride at atmospheric temperature are always under pressure. 5.1.5 TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS Inhibited vinyl chloride may be stored at normal atmospheric conditions in suitable pres sure vessel. Uninhibited vinyl chloride may be stored either under refrigeration or at normal atmos pheric temperature in the absence of air or sunlight but only for a duration of a few days. If for longer periods, regular checks should be made for the presence of polymers. 5.2 Conditions of Storage 5.2.1 TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION All piping (including instrument leads), storage tanks, relief devices and equipment employed to handle vinyl chloride should be of steel and designed to have a working pressure of at least 100-150 psi with a safety factor con forming to the A.S.M.E. code for unfired pres sure vessels or any code applying to locale of planned storage. Shut-off valves and control 000007 UN1R0001636 Vinyl CUeride Vutiicttntf fli--tiW* AMMWta. l Mannal Sheet SD46 valves should be of steel or a suitable alloy not bearing copper, designed for working pres sures of 150 psi or over. AU-welded construc tion is preferred to riveted construction. It is recommended wherever possible that all liquid inlet lines enter the bottom or extend to the bottom of the vessel. This guards against the accumulation of static electricity. All equipment should be properly grounded with resistance to ground never exceeding 25 ohms. An efficient water spray system should be in stalled or made available. Adequate diking and drainage should be provided under tank area to confine and dispose of the liquid in case of vessel rupture. Any cylinders used to store vinyl chloride must meet ICC Specifications. 5.Z2 ISOLATION Storage areas should be selected in ac cordance with local codes or authorities having jurisdiction. (Assistance may be obtained from such organizations as National Board of Fire Underwriters, Factory Insurance Associa tion. Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Companies.) For highly volatile and flammable material, storage should be located outside of buildings. Cylinders containing vinyl chloride should be stored always in a vertical position, outside of buildings, and in an isolated and well ventilated area. It is preferable to store cylinders in the open, but provision should be made to shield them from the direct rays of the sun and prevent accumulation of dirt, snow, water, or ice on valves or safety devices. 5.2.3 COMPATIBLE AND DANGEROUS LY REACTIVE MATERIALS Tanks in vinyl chloride service should be used only for the storage of vinyl chloride (See 6.8). Before vinyl chloride is placed in a tank, the vessel should be purged with an inert gas until free of air. Vinyl chloride is generally noncorrosive at normal atmospheric tempera tures when dry (moisture free). However, mild to appreciable corrosion has been noted even at ordinary temperature. This may be due to the presence of impurities. In contact with water at elevated temperatures vinyl chloride accelerates corrosion of iron or steel. Acetylene as an impurity in vinyl chloride may form an explosive compound (acetylide) when exposed to copper or possibly copper alloys. 5.2.4 VAPOR-PROOF OR EXPLOSIONPROOF REQUIREMENTS AH electrical equipment, motors, lights, and flashlights used in an area in which vinyl chloride is stored or handled should conform to the National Electrical Code (Class I, Divi sion II for storage; and Class I, Division I for use). 5.2.5 VENTING REQUIREMENTS An adequate system for normal and emer gency venting should be installed. All vent lines should extend to a safe area free of any source of ignition. The point of outlet should be equipped with an approved flame arrestor. Relief valves should be installed in pairs, par allel, using transflow valving to facilitate periodic testing and repairing. 5.2.6 VENTILATION _ .rvvAtfgv V4VMO BUWUiU UC w. f|M4 continuous ventilation. Pits, depressions and basements should be avoided. 5.2.7 PROTECTION FROM ELECTRICAL STORMS Storage tanks for vinyl chloride should be protected from electrical storms and induced MstMatlifc electricity by grounding of all equip- 5.2.8 PROTECTION FROM INTERNAL EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES Storage tanks and other vessels should be maintained under positive pressure utilizing an inert gas when necessary or vapor pressure of the vinyl chloride. Vessels should be pro vided with bottom inlets under the liquid, or dip pipe extending from the top of the vessel to within inches of the bottom of the vessel to protect against a static discharge. 6. HANDLING 6.1 Health Hazards (See 8. Health Hazards and Their Control) 6.1.1 Aside from the risk of fire and explo. sion, vinyl chloride presents no other very seri ous problem in genera! handling. Hie presently accepted upper limit of safety as a health haz ard Is 500 ppm. 6.2 Fire, Explosion, and Polymerization Haz ards FfBK TtA 7. Arms vinyl chloride should always be handled with full recognition of its volatility and its flammability. Jn general, precautions should be taken both to keep the material enclosed and to eliminate all sources of ignition. In small 9x 000008 UNIR0001637 Manual Sheet SD-56 MaBB/actarinr Cbcmbta' Aaaociatiom. Ik Vinyl Chloride laboratory operations, where vinyl chloride vapors may escape, reliance must be placed upon the elimination of sources of ignition and the provision of sufficient ventilation to keep escaping vapors at non-flammable levels. Vinyl chloride vapors can form flammable mixtures with air at all temperatures above --78C. (--108.4eF.). Fires involving large quantities of liquid are difficult to extinguish since vinyl chloride is not miscible with water and is lighter than water (will float on top of water). Most small fires can be extinguished with carbon dioxide or dry chemical agents if properly applied. Ade quate fire extinguishing equipment of carbon dioxide or dry chemical type, fixed and portable, should be provided. Water spray is also satis factory for extinguishing fires. Diking and drainage should be provided for confining and disposing of the liquid in case of tank rupture or spills. Precautions should be taken to guard against vinyl chloride entering general sewer system (See 6.3). In event of a fire no unauthorized person should be permitted to enter an unventilated area until the space has been thoroughly sprayed with water to remove gases such as hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, etc. generated from the fire. 6.2.2 EXPLOSION HAZARDS Vinyl chloride is a gas at normal atmos pheric temperature and pressure. The gas will burn very readily in proper mixtures of air or oxygen. The explosive limits are: lower 4.0%, upper 22.0% by volume in air. An explosion hazard can exist when drawing samples or venting to the atmosphere. Open flames, local hot spots, friction, any spark producing equip ment. and static electricity are to be avoided when handling this material. 6.2.3 POLYMERIZATION HAZARDS Vinyl chloride does not form peroxides by autoxidation as readily as many other monom ers. Aside from polymerization, vinyl chloride is chemically quite stable (See 2.2 Reactivity). Vinyl chloride can be satisfactorily stored without an inhibitor for short periods if it is kept in steel tanks under refrigeration or at normal atmospheric temperature in the absence of air and sunlight. For shipping purposes inhibitors are employed. Inhibitors, Tike phenol, when present have Hazards of their own, being very toxic (See 7.5). 6.3 Spills and Leakage 6.3.1 Frequent inspections of equipment and vessels containing vinyl chloride should be made to detect or prevent leaks. 6.3.2 If spills or leaks occur, all sources of ignition if required to be present in the area and adjacent areas must be shut off immedi ately. Only necessary and properly protected personnel should remain in the area (See 6.5). 6.3.3 Spills, unless very large, usually eva porate rather rapidly and do little damage, but ample ventilation should be provided to prevent the formation of toxic and explosive mixtures. Spills should be guarded and controlled im mediately. All openings in sewer system should be trapped for segregation and extinguishment. A6.2ll.1s)o,urces of ignition should be removed (See 6.3.4 If possible, increased forced ventila tion should be provided. Inhalation of vapors should be avoided (See 8). 6.3.5 Leaking cylinders in any enclosure should be removed to an isolated, well-ventilated area and the contents transferred to other suit able containers (See 4.3 and 5.2.2). 6.3.6 The detection of leaks in equipment of vinyl chloride can best be accomplished by the use of a flammable gas indicator, or by inspection for the presence of vapors and frost, ing on the surfaces of the equipment 6.3.7 In the event of a tank car leakage, utilize necessary personal protective equipment and make emergency repairs, if possible. The supplier should be telephoned or wired Im mediately for specific instructions. Guard against the fire hazard or explosion hazard (See 6.2). 6.3.8 Clothing contaminated with vinyl chloride should be removed immediately and the body washed thoroughly to remove any mate rial which may have penetrated to the skin. Clothing should be washed before reuse. If necessary shoes should be replaced with new ones. Disposal of the contaminated shoes is recommended if the spilled vinyl chloride con tained a toxic inhibitor, like phenol 6.4 Employee Education and Training 6.4.1 Safety in handling vinyl chloride and other hazardous chemicals depends upon the effectiveness of employee education, training, and the safety instructions incorporated into job instruction manuals. 000003 UNIR0001638 Vinyl Chloride K*ttJactari*c Ctamtoa* Avocation. In. Minvtl Sheet SD-5S 6.4.2 The education and training of em ployees to work safely and to use the personal protective equipment or other safeguards pro vided for them is a responsibility of supervision. 6.4.3 Employee education and training should emphasize the need of handling vinyl chloride according to the methods outlined in this data sheet. 6.4.4 Before being placed on the job, new or transferred employees should be thoroughly instructed and questioned in respect to the proper handling of vinyl chloride. Employees on the job should be reinstructed periodically. 6.4.5 Each employee should know the loca tion, purpose, use and maintenance of personal protective equipment and be thoroughly trained in when and how to use the equipment (See 6.5). 6.4.6 Each employee should know the loca tion of safety showers, eye baths, bubbler drinking fountains, faucets or fire extinguish ing equipment 6.4.7 Only reliable, properly trained em ployees should be given the responsibility of operating valves which control the flow of vinyl chloride to and from storage tanks, tank cars, and cylinders, or drawing samples and venting to the atmosphere. 6.4.8 Employees should be trained to report to the proper authority all suspected leaks or equipment failures and any signs of illness of personnel. 6.4.9 Each employee should know what to do in case of an emergency, in rendering first aid measures, and should realize the necessity for prompt administration of artificial resusci tation when overcome by vinyl chloride vapors (See 8.4.2.1). 6.5 Persona] Protective Equipment 6.5.1 AVAILABILITY AND VSE Personal protective equipment is not an adequate substitute for good, safe, working conditions, adequate ventilation, and intelligent conduct on the part of employees working with vinyl chloride. Such equipment may protect the individual wearing it while others in the area may be exposed to danger. The correct usage of personal protective equipment requires the education of the worker in the proper em ployment of the equipment available to him (See 6.4). Under conditions which are suffi ciently hazardous to require protective equip ment, the use of it should be supervised. In all cases, the type of protective equipment selected should depend upon the nature and degree of the hazards existing. The following personal protective equip ment should always be used for the purposes mentioned and as specified in Section 8. Health Hazards and Their Control, and in other sec tions of this data sheet: 6.5.2 EYE PROTECTION 6.5.2.1 Chemical Safety Goggles: cuptype or rubber-framed goggles, equipped with approved impact resistant glass or plastic lenses, should be worn whenever there is danger. of the vinyl chloride (in liquid or saturated vapor form) coining in contact with eyes. Gog gles should be carefully fitted by adjusting the nose piece and head band to ensure maxi mum protection and comfort. 6.52 Spectacle-type Safety Goggles: metal or plastic rim safety spectacles with per forated side shields which can be obtained with prescription safety lenses or suitable all plastic safety goggles may be used where continuous eye protection is desirable. These types, how ever, should not be used where complete eye protection against chemicals is needed. 6.5.2.S Face Shields: plastic shields (full length, eight inch minimum) with forehead protection may be worn in lieu of, or in addition to, chemical safety goggles where complete face protection is desirable. Chemical safety goggles should always be worn as added protection where there is danger of vinyl chloride striking the eyes from underneath or around the sides of the face shield. 6.S.2.4 Each employee should know the location of safety showers, eye baths, and bubbler drinking fountains for flushing the eyes. 6.5.3 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Respiratory protective equipment must be carefully maintained, inspected, cleaned, and sterilized at regular intervals, and always be fore use by another person. Personnel wearing such equipment must be carefully instructed as to its operation and limitations. 6.5.5.1 Air or Oxygen Supplied Masks 6.5.3.1.1 Air or oxygen supplied masks, equipped with full face pieces and approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines for this purpose, should be used under the following conditions. 000010 UNIR0001639 Manual Sheet SD-56 IfiMftctsria* CVamiMi' * ~in rlTlim be. Vrayl Chloride and the manufacturer's instructions must be carefully followed: (a) In emergencies, when the vapor concentration is not definitely known. (b) When the harmful vapor concen tration is over 2 per cent by volume. (c) When the oxygen content of the air may be less than 16 per cent by volume. (d) When the exposure period is to be over 30 minutes duration. (e) In tank and equipment cleaning and repair work under conditions outlined in (a), (b), (c) and (d). 6.5.3.1.2 Types Generally Available In clude: (a) Air-Line Masks supplied by plant compressed air are suitable for use only where conditions will permit safe escape in case of failure of the compressed air supply. Such masks should be used only in conjunction with a suitable reducing or demand-type valve, ex cess pressure relief valve, and filter. The com pressed air should be checked frequently to make certain that harmful gases from the de composition of the lubricating oil used in the compressor, or impure air supply, are not present. (b) Positive Pressure Hose Masks supplied by externally lubricated blowers are usually preferred to the air-line type. Since these masks also depend on a remote air supply, they should be used only where conditions will permit sate escape in the event of air supply failure. Care must be taken to locate the blower air source in an area which is free of air con taminants. (c) Self-contained Breathing Appara tus which permits the wearer to carry a supply of oxygen or air compressed in the cylinder, and the self-generating type which produces oxygen chemically, allow for greater mobility. The length of time a self-contained breathing apparatus provides protection varies according to the amount of air or oxygen supply carried. In tank work, where small manholes are en countered. a self-contained breathing apparatus is usually unsuitable because of its bulk. 6.5.3.2 Industrial Canister Type Gas Masks equipped with full face pieces and ap proved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines, fitted with the proper canister for absorbing vinyl chloride vapor (or gas), will afford protection against concentrations not exceeding 2 per cent by volume when used in accordance with the manu facturer's instructions. The oxygen content of the air must be not less than 16 per cent by volume. The masks should be used for rela tively short exposure periods only, i.e,, less 30 minutes. They may not be suitable for use in an emergency since, at that time, the n^nai vapor concentration is unknown and it may be very high. The wearer must be warned to leave the contaminated area immediately on detecting the odor of vinyl chloride. This is an indication that the mask is not functioning properly or that the vapor concentration is too high. NOTE: Where carbon monoxide may be en countered in addition to vinyl chloride, the mask should be equipped with an "All Purpose Canister" and a "Timing Device" as approved by the U- Bureau of Mines. 6.5.S.3 Chemical Cartridge Respirators approved by the U. S. Bureau of iffineg may be used to avoid inhaling disagreeable but 'harmless concentrations of vinyl chloride vapor. These respirators, however, are not recom mended for protection where toxic quantities of an air contaminator may be encountered. 6.5.4 HEAD PROTECTION 6.5.4.1 Safety or "hard" hats will pro vide protection against accidental liquid leaks, falling tools, and other objects. ' 6.5.4.2 Brimmed felt hats may he sub stituted for a safety hat where danger of fall ing objects is remote. 6.5.5 FOOT PROTECTION High leather or synthetic rubber safety shoes with built-in steel toe caps are recom mended where there is danger of heavy objects falling on workman's foot. Liquid vinyl chloride penetrates leather, and shoes wet with vinyl chloride should be replaced. 6.5.6 BODY, SKIN AND HAND PROTEC TION 6.5.6.1 Any work gloves, clothing or wearing apparel which becomes contaminated with vinyl chloride should be removed im mediately, and the body should be thoroughly washed. All contaminated work gloves, clothing or wearing apparel should be thoroughly washed, and dried before reuse. For care of contaminated shoes see 6.5.5. ' ( 6.5.6.2 When cleaning, inspecting, or re pairing tanks, safety equipment such as safety ooooii UNIR0001640 Vinyl Chloride lUwfidBriu Cbatata' * i l*e. M&nool Sheet SD-M belts, rescue harness, lifeline, clothing and gas 6.6.5 AU electrical installations should con masks should be worn as required by the speci form with the National Electrical Code. All i fic nature of the work and the hazards involved. equipment should be properly grounded to pre 6.5.6.S Frequent inspections and neces vent accumulation of static. sary repairs should be made to all personal protective equipment so that it is always ready 6.7 Ventilation to give proper protection to the wearer. 6.5.6.4 Facilities for personal cleanliness should be provided and time allowed for thor ough washing before lunch and at the end of the work day. 6.7.1 If the workroom or operating area is separate from vinyl chloride storage or pro cessing equipment, general ventilation is ade quate. For emergencies, however, the area should be provided with mechanical exhaust 6.6 Engineering Controls ventilation to maintain concentrations below flammable limits. 6.6.1 Selection of a site or location for ap paratus or equipment to ship, handle, store or manufacture vinyl chloride should be made by the direction of chemical engineers or mechani cal engineers fully aware of the hazards en 6.7.2 In the processing or storage area, if outside location is impracticable, special emer gency equipment for ventilation is necessary under abnormal conditions, such as leaks or spills. countered in dealing with vinyl chloride (See 5.2.2). 6.7.3 Six or more changes of air per hour are considered adequate for buildings housing 6.6.2 Processes should be designed so that the operating personnel will not be exposed storage or processing equipment for flammable liquids, vapors, or gases under pressure. to direct contact with vinyl chloride or its 6.7.4 Buildings of substantial construction vapor. The technical problems of designing should have at least one square foot of door, equipment, providing adequate ventilation, and window, or nonrigid roof area for each 35 formulating operational procedures which cubic feet of volume to prevent serious struc promise maximum security and economy, can tural damage in the event of explosion within be handled best by engineers or other competent the building. personnel. The manufacturers of vinyl chloride, and of the equipment in which it is to be used, are always prepared to help with these prob lems (See 5.2.1). 6.7.5 The most important consideration in ventilation is to ensure an adequate air flow away from the work area. 6.6.3 In the handling of vinyl chloride or operation of any type of vinyl chloride system, all valves, pipe lines, vents, safety devices, etc., 6.7.6 All ventilating systems should be in spected periodically and maintained in a safe and efficient working condition. should be so located that they can be readily in 6.7.7 Under abnormal conditions, such as spected and repaired. They should always be in proper order and condition before the opera when leaks or spills occur, all available ventila tion should be used. tion is started. All handling and storage equip U ment should be located away from any source 6.8 Tank and Equipment Cleaning and Repairs of sparks, flames, heated surfaces and all sources of ignition which might cause fires or explosions. All charging and discharging pipes should enter through, or extend to, the bottom of all containers to minimize vaporization of the liquid and possible generation of static electricity. 6.8.1 The hazardous nature of tank or vessel inspections, cleaning, and repairs requires that the foreman and crew be selected, trained, and drilled carefully. They.should be fully familiar with the hazards and safeguards necessary for the safe performance of the work. Use only 6.6.4 It is essential for safety that equip spariwresistant tools. - ment will be used and maintained as recom mended by the manufacturer and that a periodic test schedule of the equipment, including safety devices, should be followed. All vent lines 6.8.2 Wherever possible, vessels Bhould be cleaned from the outside, using cleanout man holes or openings provided for this purpose. should extend outdoors to an area free of any 6.8.3 First consideration in vessel entry source of ignition for discharge. work requires the vessel be properly isolated 131 000012 UNIR0001641 MtRDtl Sheet SD-56 lUenlaMB'tBC Cbmtatt* AmatbttH*. to*. Vinyl CUotide from any process equipment, pipe lines, or ap paratus. These process lines, pipe lines, and apparatus should be disconnected, preferably by removing a complete small section and pro viding a blank flange on the open end to protect against human error and unsuspected leaks. Valves and plug cocks in the process lines, pipe lines, or apparatus should not be relied upon to prevent leakage into vessel being cleaned. 6.8.4 Electrical switches should be locked in the "OFF" position and tagged with a warn ing that they are not to be opened. Where pos sible, the fuses should be pulled. Drive belts should be removed and all other precautions taken to ensure against the accidental starting of agitating equipment or other moving parts inside the vessel or adjacent to the entrance. 6.8.5 Before entering a tank, it should be empty, purged, and tested for flammable resi dues. Caution should be exercised in checking for trapped vapors in any semi-solid or solid residues. In purging a vessel, an inert gas (carbon dioxide or nitrogen) is recommended. The inert gas must be displaced before allow ing entry into a vessel. When air is used for purging a vessel, there is a period when an explosive mixture is present (mixture contains by volume between 4-22% gas). For this rea son it is best to avoid the use of air in removing flammable vapors. 6.8.6 Warning signs should be placed indi cating nature of hazard present during pre paration of vessel for entry or repair. 6.8.7 Before entering a vessel and during the course of the work, tests should be made by a qualified person to determine that no further purging or washing is necessary, that no oxygen deficiency exists, and that no harm ful gas or vapor is present . 6.8.8 Special ventilation and a continuous fresh air purging of vessel is recommended during the entire time men are cleaning, in specting, or repairing vessel. 6.8.9 Proper personal protective equipment such as a safety belt, rescue harness, lifeline, or mask as required should be worn by anyone entering a vessel after preparation for inspec tion. and/or repairs (See 6,5). 6.8.10 An attendant should be stationed outside the vessel in such a position as to keep workmen within the vessel under constant ob servation. He should serve as the lifeline tender and be ready at all times to summon help or other required aid. He should never abandon the lifeline while workmen are in the vessel 6.8.11 A self-contained breathing apparatus or an air-supplied mask should be located im mediately adjacent to vessel repair area for any emergency situation during vessel entry work. In addition a lifeline and safety harness should be on hand. 6.8.12 The portable electric lights and power tools should be in good condition, grounded and approved by competent persons for use in exposures of this nature. 6.8.13 Before reuse, the vessel should be purged free of air by using an inert gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen. 6.9 Repackaging 6.9.1 Only dean, ICC Specification cylinders or tank cars should be used (See 3.1). 6.9.2 Adequate ventilation should be pro vided and all sources of ignition removed from transfer area. 6.9.3 Proper personal protective equipment should be used (See 6.5). Transferring vinyl chloride from cylinders by the use of an un controlled heating method is not recommended because it is unsafe, wasteful, and time con suming. Temperatures of over 508C. (122F.) should not be applied to any part of a cylinder containing compressed gas. Excessive heating weakens the structural characteristics of the metal and may seriously damage the cylinder. Low melting safety devices may reach the fus ing point by the application of excessive heat to a cylinder. Never apply direct flame to a cylinder. A definite fire hazard is created. For recommended practice to transfer contents of a cylinder see 4.3. 6.9.4 For recommended practice to transfer contents of tank car see 4.4. 6.9.5 The appropriate labels should be ap plied to the filled cylinders or tank cars (See 3.2). 7. WASTE DISPOSAL 7.1 All Federal State, and local regulations regarding health and pollution should be ob served. Disposal of waste material, however, depends to a great extent upon surroundings and weather conditions. 7.2 When it becomes necessary to dispose of vinyl chloride as such, it is preferable to do so as a vapor, venting to an area free of any source of ignition (See 5.2.5 and 5.2.6). 14 000013 UN1R0001642 Vinyl Chloride Kmliavnt CkviM' AMotitoi, lac. Unm Sheet SD-5S 7.3 When a waste disposal problem arises as a result of a major spill or equipment rapture, only properly protected and qualified personnel should remain in the area (See 6.3 and 6.6). 7.4 Waste mixtures containing vinyl chloride should not be allowed to enter drains or sewers as serious explosion in such systems may re sult (See 6.3). 7.5 Removal of inhibitor, such as phenol in form of sodium phenolate, should be done by dilution to approximately 1% solution (See SD-4, Part 7. Waste Disposal). 8. HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL 8.1 Hazards GENERAi Aside from the risk of fire or explosion, I vinyl chloride presents no other very serious i problem in general handling. The presently ac- * cepted maximum allowable concentration is 500 i ppm. ; 8.1.2 SYSTEMIC EFFECTS 1 In concentrations well above 600 ppm. vinyl chloride acts as & mild general anesthetic. 8.1.3 LOCAL EFFECTS In contact with the skin vinyl chloride is irritating. Prolonged contact will result in re frigeration and freezing. 8.2 Prevention and Control Vinyl chloride is not a serious industrial hazard provided precautions are taken to avoid leaks or spills which might provide a fire or explosion hazard. Where serious leaks or spills do occur, the workmen present in the area should be evacuated, and persona returning to the area to repair or clean up equipment should be provided with/appropriate gas masks, selfcontained oxygen units, or air supplied hoods. 8.2.1 EMPLOYEE EDUCATION (See 6.4 Employee Education and Training) Employees working in areas where vinyl chloride is handled or stored should be thor oughly and repeatedly warned of the anes thetic properties of vinyl chloride gas and In structed as to what to do if anesthetic effects are detected in themselves or in others (See 8.4.2.1). Emphasis m training should be placed on: 1. The use of artificial respiration in cases where breathing has stopped because of deep anesthesia, 2. The necessity of immediate removal of contaminated clothing and shoes t case of liquid spUls. 3. Repealed washing of the eyes with copious: amounts of. water in case of liquid spiashf*. - &JL2 VENTILATION k . Work areas where vinyl chloride is handled or stored should be provided with adequate ventilation. The concentration of vinyl chloride should be kept below the upper safe limit of 600 ppm. at all times. * 8.3 Personal Protective Equipment 8.8.1 No personal protective equipment is an adequate substitute for safe working condi tions and intelligent conduct on the part of employees who work with vinyl chloride. Furthermore, the correct usage of personal protective equipment requires education of the worker In the proper employment of the mate rials available to him. TTnrfpy-^TiriiHfw protective-equipment, the- uoe- of-it should be~ supervised*--,_______ _______ 8.3.2 Employees who may be subjected to severe exposure to vinyl chloride, as in tank and equipment cleaning and repairs, in decon taminating extensive areas after Urge spillage, or in cases of failure of piping or equipment, should be provided, when indicated, with proper eye, respiratory, akin, and mucous membrane protection as follows: (a) Suitable gas tight Bafety goggles. (b) Rescue harness and life line for those entering tank or enclosed storage apace (See 6.7). (c) Hose masks with hose inlet in a vaporfree atmosphere, air line masks with proper reducing valve and filter, suitable safe escape in case of failure of the eom- Sressed air supply, or self-contained reathing equipment with stored oxygen or air (such equipment allows greater mobility but usually requires more highly trained men). 15 000014 / UNIR0001643 Manual Sheet SD-56 HtMtenanac Cbmim* A*bb1Ub*. 1m. Vinyl Chloride 8.3.3 Facilities for washing eyes and skin with large quantities of water should be readily available (See 6.5.2.4). 8.4 First Aid and Medical Care 8.4.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 8.4.1.1 As in exposure to any odorless or mildly scented anesthetic gas, a recognition of the presenting symptoms and signs in oneself and in others is very important. The anes thetic properties of vinyl chloride are mild in degree and slow in developing. Detection of symptoms except in very high concentrations permits ample warning and sufficient time for escape from the environment provided the warning is heeded and escape is possible. 8.4.1.2 As in any skin contact with ir ritating or harmful materials, speed in remov ing the contaminant from the skin is of primary importance. Vinyl chloride is very volatile and simple exposure to air will usually effect ade quate removal. Clothing, shoes, bandages, or other articles by which vinyl chloride might be held in contact with the skin should be im mediately removed to decrease the freezing effect. 8.4.2 SPECIFIC ACTIONS 8.4.2.1 Inhalation Continued exposure to atmospheres con taining vinyl chloride in concentrations of 1000 ppm. or over will slowly produce evidences of mild anesthesia: (1) a sensation of drowsiness and inability to concentrate. (2) a blurring of vision--at first readily cleared by conscious effort--later controlled only with difficulty or not at all. (3) staggering gait, (4) sensation of numbness or tingling in feet or hands or both. These symptoms may be readily detected by the employee himself if he has been alerted to the possibility of their arising from over exposure to vinyl chloride. They may also be noted in fellow employees. When such symptoms arise, they are definite warning of a hazardous exposure to vinyl chloride, and all personnel should be immediately evacuated from the area until the leak or spill has been located and corrected and until complete recovery from all symptoms has occurred. Because of the mildness and slow de velopment of symptoms, it is very unlikely that any workman will be overcome to the point where he will require help in escaping the environment or medical care following ex posure. Any person with evidence of intoxica tion from vinyl chloride should be put at rest, either seated or lying, in an uncontaminated atmosphere. If trapped in an area of high concentra tion where escape is impossible, deep anesthesia can result. If such an exposure has occurred, the patient should be placed in bed, preferably with the head slightly lowered and with no pillows. If respirations have ceased, artificial respiration will be required. In any case, medi cal attention should be obtained immediately. 8.4.2.2 Contact with Skin Liquid vinyl chloride is a primary irri tant to intact skin. If sufficient quantities re main long enough in contact with the skin, the rapid evaporation may result in freezing or "frost bite". Consequently, anything which tends to hold vinyl chloride in contact with the skin, such as clothing, shoes, or bandages, in creases the risk of freezing. If spills occur, all contaminated clothing should be removed immediately and the con taminated area washed copiously in running water. If mild irritation has occurred, no further treatment may be required. If inflam mation is severe, loose dressings of petroleum jelly should be applied and the patient placed in the care of a physician. If freezing has occurred, the area should be loosely covered with a clean, preferably sterile, gauze or towel and placed in the care of a physician. 8.4.2.S Contact with Eyet Vinyl chloride which has gotten into the eyes should be washed out immediately with copious amounts of flowing water. Water at room temperature will produce less pain' than very cold water, but in an emergency a drinking_ fountain is a satisfactory source of water. The" washing should continue for at least 15 minutes. If injury is apparent in the tissues of the eye after 15 minutes of irrigation, the washing should be continued for another 15 minutes. In all cases except of very minor irritation, the patient should be placed in the care of an ophthalmologist immediately. The medical information in this publication has been supplied by the Medical Advisory Committee of the Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc. 16 000015 UNIR0001644 .V' : .--i ..J.V . ?; MCilOCHHt, ISC. S0PERVISCRS* satstt mahdal April 18, 1962 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT AJ 4" 000016 UNIR0001645 . V- April 18, 1962 mohocbb* ihc. SPPERVX SORS * &\PZTY MAHURL Safety is everybody's business. To this end, management will actively and vigorously support a continuous program to promote the health, safety, and welfare of all employees. . Since the responsibility for making this program effective rests squarely upon the shoulders of the supervisors, you will be pro vided with every reasonable and practicable assistance that can be made available. This manual represents one such aid to be used as a supervisory tool. Other supervisory aids are dis cussed in the manual itself. The material in the manual was developed by the pooled efforts of all levels of line supervision. Zt represents the consoli dated thinking of the group that has direct responsibilities for accident prevention* Zt provides the basis upon which a contin uously successful safety program must be built. This manual is not presented to you as a finished product but as a "starting point,** which is subject to more or lees constant revision. You are not only requested to submit suggested changes In the manual, you are expected to. ogooi? UNIR0001646 Your suggested changes should bo channeled through your Depart** - - LS&X&'r ment Bead" to the Safety Supervisor who will present then for- consideration. The proper use of this manual should greatly assist you in ful filling your safety responsibilities. . ^ J. 7. &W OGOOIS UNIR0001647 - ---f-W-.^ T^LJL0F__C3OTgHTS - INTRODUCTION 1. OBJECTIVES - 2. CONTEST OF SAFETY' AND HEALTH PROGRAM PAGE 1 1 A. FIRE PROTECTION - . B. TRAINING C. ENGINEERING FOR SAFETY D* MEDICAL AND HYGIENE E. REFERENCE MATERIALS F. PARTICIPATION IN SAFETY ORGANIZATIONS G. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT B. RULES AND REGULATIONS I. RECORDS 3. THE SAFETY STAFF 4. PROCEDURES 5. SUPERVISOR'S GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES A. PREVENTION OP UNSAFE ACTS B. PREVENTION OF UNSAF.2 CONDITIONS C. CORRECTION OF UHSAF3 ACTS AND CONDITIONS D. EMPLOYEE PREPARATION 6. SUPERVISOR'S BASIC RESPONSIBILITIES *22 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7~ 7 7' 7 8 A. DISPLAY A SINCERE INTEREST IN SAFETY B TRAIN EMPLOYEES FOR SAFETY C. PLAN EACH PART OF EVERY JOB FOR SAFETY AHD FOLLOW-UP D. MAKE SAFETY INSPECTIONS A HABIT E. UTILISE ALL AVAILABLE EXPERIENCE AND ASSISTANCE 8 9 9 10 10 7. THOUGHTS ON TBS SUPERVISOR'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY 10 A* ASSURANCE OF EMPLOYS TRAINING B. IMPROPERLY SUFERVIB3D MAN C. USB SAFETY MATERIAL 10 11 11. 000019 jf UNIR0001648 ; Table of Contents D. EMPLOYEE EMOTIONS ^ E. SAFETY IS EVERYBODY'S JOB F# ACCIDENT ANALYSIS G . RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUPERVISION AND EMPLOYEE H. EXPLANATION OF RULES 8. FUNCTIONS OF TEE SAFETY SECTION A. PLAN SAFETY PROGRAM B. RESEARCH C. GUIDANCE D. SAFETY INSPECTIONS B. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION ANDANALYSIS F. FIRST-AID PROGRAM G. SAFETY REPORTS TO PERSONNEL H. TRAINING MATERIALS X, COUNSEL J. PROVIDE SAFETY ASPECTS K. INSPECTIONS L* FIRS PROTECTION SYSTEM M. EMERGENCY AMD DISASTERPROCEDURES N. SANITATION O. REFERENCE LIBRARY 9. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SAFETY SECTION IX. GENERAL RULES AND SUGGESTED SAFE WORK PRACTICES 1. CARDINAL RULES A. SMOKING B. EYE PROTECTION . C. HARD HATS * D. DRINKING OF INTOXICATING LIQUIDS E. SHOES F. INJURY REPORT G. ENTERING TANK CARS, VESSELS, ETC. . 2. RULES WHICH ARE OF PRIMARY INTEREST TO SUPERVISORS AND HUGH ARE SUPERVISORY IN NATURE . PAGE 11 u IX XI X2 X2 12. 12 X2 X3 13 X3 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 . 15 15 15 1$ 16 16 17~ 17 17 17 ooooco UNIR0001649 Table of Contents Paga'3-:^--- A. EXCAVATIONS B MAKB*8HIfTS . C. JOB CLEAN-UP D. UNSAFE CONDITIONS B. ELECTRICAL EXTENSION CORDS 7. APPROVAL G. PERSONAL INSPECTION BYSUPERVISOR H. I8DLATED WORK AREAS I. WORK COMPLETION J. UNDERGROUND CIRCUITS Km GAS TEST - L. DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEM M. AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL N. CHECK OF SHOWERS AND FOUNTAINS 3. SAFE WORKING PRACTICES APPLICABLE TO AIL EMPLOYEES A. GENERAL PERSONAL PRECAUTIONS B CLOTHING C. ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT D. FIRE PROTECTION E. TOOLS, MACHINERY AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT F. GOOD HOUSEKEEPING G. FLAMMABLE, TOXIC, OR OTHER INJURIOUS GASES AND LIQUIDS I1X HAZARDOUS WORK PERMITS 1. PURPOSE 2. RESPONSIBILITY 3* DEFINITIONS A. RESTRICTED AREA B MOTORIZED VEHICLES 4. ACTIONS REQUIRING HAZARDOUS WORKPERMITS A* USB OF FLAME PRODUCINGDEVICES B CLOSED VESSEL ENTRY 17 ^ X7 18 X8 X8 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 25 26 28 30 31 33 34 34 34 34 34 35 35 35 36 000021 UNIR0001650 Tibia of Contents Page 4 c. FIVE POOP EXCAVATION ENTRY D. MOTORIZED VEHICLES ENTRY INTO RESTRICTED AREA E. FIRES Fr CUTTING FIRS WALLS G. INJURIOUS LIQUIDS INTO RESTRICTED AREAS B* CHLORINE TRANSPORT I* USE OF OAS MASK' * J* MECHANIZED EQUIIWENT USE K. HOT TAP L* BURNING POTS. ETC* M* VALVE REPACKING 5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A. MOTORIZED VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT STARTUP AFTER SBOTDOWN B. MOTORIZED VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT SHUTDOWN DURING ABSENCE C. WELDING D. STAND-BY KAN FOR VESSEL, ETC. DURING ENTRY E. GAS ANALYSIS F* ON ALERT FOR DANGEROUS DEVELOPMENTS 6* PROCEDURES FOR OBTAINING HAZARDOUS WORK PERMITS A. INSPECTIONS B. PERMIT CARD C* SIGNING OF PERMITS D. CTECKS BY OPERATING SUPERVISORS E* RETURN PERMIT CARD F0 TIME VALIDITY ON PERMITS G. DISPLAY PERMITS B* SIGNATURE VALIDITY OB PERMITS I* VIOLATIONS ' DANGER TAGS 1. PURPOSE 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 37' 37 37 37 37 37 37 36 3B 38 38 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 41 41. 42 42 000022 UNIR0001651 ~ Table of Contents v. - . ' *; 5: \ 7; '- V'j 2 RESPONSIBILITY . . 3* PROCEDURES 4* TYPES OF DANGER TAGS 5. UNAUTHORIZEDR340VAL OF DANGER TAGS . PAGE 42 42 43 44. 000023 UNIR0001652 1 INTRQDDCYIQg 4; \ `" The material In this part of the manual covers theobjectives of the safety and health program. Its general content, and establishes responsibility. 1. OBJECTIVES Obviously, the most compelling reason for our safety end health program Is the welfare of our employees. However, an effective program also will contribute much to the Company in increased production and lowered cost of operation* The objective of our safety and health program, then, la not mere* ly to save something; it is to add something* In addition to preventing himan suffering, damage to property, and costly in terruptions and delays, important objectives of our safety and health program are high morale, loyalty and efficiency in the entire working team* Safety, health, morale, loyalty and efficiency go hand-in-hand* 2. CONTEST OF SAFETY AMD HEALTH PROGRAM It is the policy of the Coapany to take every reasonable and practicable action to effectively control the material and machinery hazards on the Working scene and to provide the best possible training in safety and health for its personnel* In pursuing this policy, our safety and health program will. Include, but not be limited to, the following Items designed 000024 UNIR0001653 ( f) 2 to help maXe It easier for supervisors to perform their jobs efficiently! ' A. FTRg PROTECT!CW A comprehensive fire protection end prevention program, will be carried out under the direction of the Safety Supervisor* * . (1) Fire Fighting Zonlnaent Adequate fire fighting equipment will be provided and maintained in good condition* (2) Fire Fighting Crews Well-trained fire fighting crews will be on duty at all times* B. TRA1HIB0 (1) gpiplovee Safety Meetings Definitely scheduled and well-planned and prepared safety meetings will be arranged so that each group meets at least once each month, or more often if deemed necessary. These regularly scheduled meetings are not intended as a substitute for necessary on-the-job safety seetlngs that should be held fre quently by supervisors in connection with normal, job-planning. . tt) Supervisors* Meetings .i Safety training fox supervisors will be an important j 000025 UNIR0001654 part of the regularlyscheduled si^ervisoty develop ment meetings to be held periodically.'^Special safe ty meetings of all supervisory personnel may be called by management at intervals as recommended by the Safety Supervisor. (3) Fire Protection Training A comprehensive fire prevention and fire-fighting training program will be carried out under the direc tion o the Safety Supervisor. Persons designated to serve as members of a fire crew will be recotmaended by the Safety S\q>ervisor and authorised by the im mediate supervisor. (4) First-Aid Training First aid training will be provided to the extant that sufficient personnel with thorough first-aid training will be available on each shift. C. BCT3XHEERIS5 FOR SATECT Constant emphasis will be placed on safety provisions in the design of plant equipment and facilities as a basic part of the safety program. D. MEDICAL AND EYGIEKB A complete physical examination is part of the pro employment procedure and no person is employed unless he meets the minimum phytJLcal standards. 000026 UNIR0001655 Periodic physical examinations may be required of any employee or group of employees. (2) Special Physical Examination Special physical examinations may be required at any time considered necessary by the Company. (3) Periodic Sanitary Inspections . Periodic inspections will be made to insure sanitary conditions within the Company. E. REFERENCE MATERIALS (1) Posters, etc. Posters9 publications, and other safety reminders will be used to help maintain a constant interest . in safety. *2) Safety Manuals Each employee and each supervisor will be provided with a copy of an Employee Safety Manual and a Super* visors' Safety Mantel, respectively,, at the time of his Initial Indoctrination. (3) Library of Reference Material The Safety Supervisor will maintain for the use of Supervisors an to-date library of reference ma- _ terials on safety, health, and sanitation subjects. 000027 UNIR0001656 5 i p, PARTICIPATIOS IH SAFETY ORGANIZATIONS ,, The Company will subscribe to the activities of appro priate groups working to promote industrial safety. 0. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT . Company-owned protective equipment will be provided in any instance that such equipment is required by the Company. It Is important that approved equipment be used for the purpose intended. H. ROLES AND RBSSLATIOgS Appropriate safety rules and regulations and suggested safe working practices have been established and are in cluded as a part of this manual. These are designed for ( the reference and observance of all personnel. It-would be impossible to cover all aspects of the broad subject of safety by written nales therefore, the rules and suggestions included In the following portions of the manual are not intended as a substitute for sound judg ment and proper job planning. They are intended to pro vide the supervisor with a reference that will help him fulfill his safety obligations to his employees, to him self, and to the Company. From time to time additional rules will be posted. t 000028 UNIR0001657 6 I. RECORDS - .- .- ` - ...,l-w;^'.;J.r ...-.-^v *, - Safety records will be kept- to provide a basis of cob* parlson between different sections of the plant and be tween our plant and outside industrial establishments* The basic method for comparison is the followings /jj ** . Frequency rate - Hunfe&r of lost fc^ia accidents x 1,000.000 manhours worked y>.1 Severity rate Ktnber of davs lost x 1.000.000 manhours worked 3. THE SAFETY STAFF The Safety Seetion has been established to provide assistance and service to all levels of supervision in carrying out~ a continuously effective safety and hygiene program* 4. PROCEDURES Detailed procedures in regard to safety, health and sanitation matters will be issued as necessary in accordance with the Company's established method of publishing procedural informa tion* 5* SUPERVISOR'S GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES A safe working organisation is the FIRST demand the Company makes of its supervision* The responsibility for accident pre vention rests first and foremost on the supervisory group-., which Is defined for safety purposes, to include anyone direct ing people or work, regardless of job classification* This ' 000029 UNIR0001658 7, can b no other way for the reaeon that eafetv met be eo closely meshed with the human end Material aspects of ereiy job operation. Since practioelly all accidenf are anted either by unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, the supervisors* accident prevention responsibilities fall into three general categories! . .. A. PREVENTION OF UNSAFE ACTS * The responsibility to take action to prevent the com mission of unsafe acts. The first job to be done in safety is one of PRZVENTXCB rather than of correction. It is also an easier job in the long run. The job of correcting unsafe acts and correcting unsafe conditions needs to be done only When a thorough job of prevention has not been done* Be PREVENTION 07 UNSAFE CONDITIONS The responsibility to take action to prevent the creation of unsafe conditions. C. CORRECTION OP UNSAFE ACTS AND CONDITIONS The responsibility to correct unsafe acts and unsafe conditions that for same reason may have escaped the preventative action# D. EMPLOYEE PREPARATION . The supervisor is responsible for making sure that his .i 000030 UNIR0001659 8 employees are prepared to do every part of every job with safety. This Beans the employee mustl^ Cl) Training Be properly trained. C2) Equipment Be provided with the safest possible tools for work under the safest possible conditions. 6. SUPERVISOR'S BASIC RESPONSIBILITIES The field of accident prevention involves so many different aspects, many of them intangible, that there can never be a standard approach to the problem. There* are, however, certain actions to take and attitudes to be developed that are con* sidered BASIC requirements for the supervisor Who is to do his safety job effectively. Supervisors will be expected tot A. DISPLAY A SINCERE INTEREST IK SAFETY Cl) By Example Set safe examples. ' (2) Bv Committee Cooperation Cooperate with safety committees and the safety section! serve with enthusiasm on safety comnittees to Which appointed. C3) By Enthusiastic Safety Meetings - Conduct safety meetings with enthusiasm. . i* 000031 " UNIR0001660 9 , - Enoourage employees to make safety suggestions! discuss themj consider then, follow-up. (5) Bv Exchange of Ideas . . Exchange safety ideas with other supervisors, (6) Bv Inlurv Reports Make sure that all injuries are properly reported. Bo TRAIN EMPLOYEES FOR SAFETY (1) Bv Talking Safety Talk safety to the individual in terns of his job. (2) Bv Understanding and Execution of Rules Make sure all definite rules are understood and train for their proper execution, c. PXJOff EACH PART OF EVERY JOB FOR SAFETY AND FOLLOW-UP tl) By Considering Employee Ability Consider the physical ability and mental aptitude of those assigned the job. {2) By Anticipating Hazards Consider hazards that nay be encountered and see that proper safety equipment is used. (3) Bv tvwnendatlon Coamend for good performance. - ! 0C0032 UNIR0001661 10 D. MAKE SAFETY 1HSPBCTI0SS A HABIT - ; 7; 7 - (1) Enforce Rales - - : - Enforce ell safety rules. (2) Be Avare of Conditions Constantly watch for unsafe conditions* (3) Be Aware of Practices . Constantly watch for unsafe practices. (4) Corrective Actions Take corrective action inmediately if work is per* formed by group under your supervision* X another group is involved, contact appropriate supervisor* E. UTILIZE AT.T, AVATTABLE EXPERIENCE AKD ASSISTANCE (1) Analyze Injuries Critically analyze each Injury and near injury; how could it have been prevented? What will be done to prevent similar instances? (2) Consultation Consult with the Safety Staff. (3) Research Read, think about, and discuss the safety promotion material that the Company furnishes from time to time* 7. THOUGHTS OS THE SUPERVISOR'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETT A. ASS3RM3CB OF EMPLOYEE TSA1HIHQ . i* ' When you try to teach a man anything, it isn't what . 000033 UNIR0001662 11 you say that counts. The important thing is What he gets. B. IMPROPERLY SUPERVISED MAS An improperly supervised man Is an accident going some place to happen. C. USE SAFETY MATERIAL The supervisor's job in safety is to take the safety out . of posters and out of records and put it between the ears of his workers. D. EMPLOYEE EMOTIONS Practically every phase of an employee's life has a bearlng on safety. Learn to recognize emotions and control them. E. SAFETY 15 EVERYBODY'S JOB "SAFETY IS EVERYBODY'S JOB,"but it is the supervisor's responsibility to get the job done. F. ACCIDEUT AHRLYSIS The prompt and accurate reporting of accidents provides the basis for a good program of accident analysis. Many lives have been saved as a direct result of accident analysis. It took some paper work to save those lives. G. BETATTOUgHIP BETWEES SUPERVISOR ASP EMPLOYEE The supervisor has the responsibility to convey the feeling for safety to hie men; this can be done effectively .% 000034 UNIR0001663 12. only if the entire relationship between the supervisor and his men is good. = H. EXPLANATION OF ROLES The best way to enforce rules is to eaq?lain why they are necessary. 8. FUNCTIONS OF THE SAFETY SECTION . .. The Safety Section has been established as management's repre sentative for coordinating all activities In regard to safety, health, and sanitation. It functions as a planning, research, training, inspection and service group for the specific pur pose of helping all supervisors fulfill their safety responsi bilities efficiently. In working toward this objective, the Safety Section will: . A. PLAN SAFETY PROGRAM Plan a continuing over-all safety program designed to gener ate maxixnui interest and participation by all personnel of the organisation; B. RESEARCH Constantly make inquiries and teats In the search for new . and better safety devices and methods; C. GUIDANCE Provide the necessary guidance and materials for effective training courses in safety; . 000035 UNIR0001664 13 D. SAFETY INSPECTIONS . Carry oat regularly scheduled and special safety inspec tions; ; Eo ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS Investigate and analyse all accidents and maintain accident records and statistics! P- FIRST-AID PROGRAM Direct the first-aid program! 6. SAFETY REPORTS TO PERSONNEL Keep all personnel Informed of results of the Company safety program through periodic reports* H. TRAINING MATERIALS Provide demonstratlonsr literature, displays, equipment, materials, and statistics! I. COUNSEL Counsel on safety, health, and related matters; J. PROVIDE SAFETY ASPECTS Assist in providing safety aspects of job training at all levels; X. INSPECTIONS Hake field inspections; * L. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM Be responsible for plant fire protection system; i 000036 UNIR0001665 14 M. BHBRGKBCY AHP DISASTER PROCEDURES Devise end direct emergency and disaster procedures and training! N. SANITATION Devise sanitation schedules and procedures! O. REFERENCE LIBRARY , Maintain a reference library on safety, health, and sani tation subjects, 9. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SAFETY SECTION The responsibility of the Safety Section is plant-*ride. As such, this group can't be the safety everts that each individ ual supervisor can be in regard to his own phase of work, therefore, the work of the Safety Section can in no way re place the supervisory responsibility for safety. With its planning and research, its training, and its other services, it is available for the use by all supervisors in the job of making our safety efforts successful. OG0037 ", UNIR0001666 ...... --./ < r. II. OEKERAL ^nr.gs XHD SUGGESTED SAFE VK3RK PRACTICES The material in this part of the manual concerns EVERY masher of ' the organization. It la set out in undetailed fora for the guidance of supervisors in training employees and developing safe work habxta, 1. CARDXSAL ROLES The Company will operate with a minimum of iron-clad safety rules. At the present time, only seven such rules are to pre vail. A. fiMOKCTO Smoking will be permitted in designated areas only. (1) Areas The following la a list of areas Where smoking will be permitted during normal operations: ,. (a) Administration Administration Building excluding the explosion proof laboratory. <b) Guard and Chance Bouse Guard and Change Bouse. (c) Engineering ard Maintenance Office Engineering and Kaintenance Office. (d) Control Rooms All area control rooms including the first and - second floors of the Boiler Structure and the . i* Kaintenance Shop. ooooas UNIR0001667 16 (2) . Electric Lighters . ;-' -c .-w '' Electric lightera will be provided intheae areas, therefore, matches or lighters are not permitted in the plant. (3) Abuse of Privilege This privilege will remain in effect only ae long as it is not violated or abosed. - B. EYE PROTECTION Eye protection must be worn while inside the fenced plant area and the laboratories excluding walkways between the Engineering Building, Administration Building, and the Main Gate. C. HARD HATS Wear hard hats when in fenced plant area, excluding the walkways between the Engineering Building, the Administra tion Building and the Main Gate. Eon-conducting hard hats must be worn by maintenance men when working with electri cal facilities. . D. DRISK1B3 OF iaTOXICATIKG LIQUIDS The drinking of intoxicating liquids is strictly forbidden within the fenced area. Kg. person "under the influence" of alcohol will be allowed to pass through the gates of the fenced plant area. . * 0G0033 UNIR0001668 17. E SHOES ' . - - -- Shoes o the canvas or sandal type will not be worn in the fenced plant area or laboratories. F. IKJURY REPORT ^ All Injuries must be reported to first aid. 6. KHTERlHg TASK CARS, VESSELS, etc. When tanks, tank cars, vessels or other enclosed areas are entered by personnel, adequate respiratory protection and suitable life belts, life lines, clothing, etc. should be used. A watch must be maintained outside the vessel con tinuously during occupancy. RULES WHICH ARB OP PRIMARY INTEREST TO SUPERVISORS AKP WHICH ARE SUPERVISORY IK NATURE A. EXCAVATI0H3 All excavations will be adequately covered, properly guarded and illuminated, if deemed necessary, when left before the work has been completed. B. HAKZ-SHTFTS -- . Make-shifts of any kind are not to be used (except in case of emergency) C. JOB CLEAH-UP When work is completed, till left-over material, scrap, tools and equipment are to be `.removed to the proper places* .i 000040 UNIR0001669 18. D. TOSAFE COTOITIOKS Any unsafe condition which may affect the safety of men or equipment is to be reported at once. When correction Is within the authority of the individual supervisor, it'is to be done immediately by that supervisor* K. ET.EgTRyCAL EXTENSION COUPS Electric extension cords and lights should be inspected prior to use* F. APPROVAL Bo work will be started on product lines or other produc tion equipment before receiving the written approval of the operating supervisor ox his authorised representative in charge* a. PERSONAL INSPECT!OH BV SUPERVISOR Supervisors in charge of operating equipment must make certain by personal inspection that pressure is off lines and equipment is drained where necessary, vessels and lines are blanked off where needed, valves are locked and tagged if necessary, and that it is safe to perform the work be fore authorizing maintenance supervisors to proceed with maintenance work. When necessary, adjacent or connected lines or equipment should be protected against their being ' broken. .; 000041 UNIR0001670 19 E. ISOLATED WORK ARBIS - . zievW.- Arrangements are to be made to contact at regular Intervale all men working alone in isolated locations by telephone or otherwise. These contacts are to be made at least twice a shift at equal intervals in addition to the contact at the beginning and the end of the shift. Kore frequent contacts should be made if the conditions warrant. I. WORK COMPLETION When work is completed all guards, hand rails, etc. must be replaced. J. CHDERgROPHP CTRCCITS All installations requiring the placing of electric cir cuits or conduits underground are to be encased in con crete to which red coloring matter has been added. K. GAS TEST Gas test must be made before entering an open top vessel or excavation. L. DOMESTIC WATER SYSTKK No connections into or alterations to the domestic water system will be made without the knowledge and written ap- < proval of the Production Manager. H. AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL The number of employees .working around or on a process 000042 UNIR0001671 20 'Z . unit must be kept to an absolute minimum when that unit Is being taken out of operation or being put into operation* Operations supervisors are responsible for advising the proper maintenance supervisors when such operations are in progress* N. nrr.rK OF SHOWERS AHP FOPHTA.XNS Emergency showers and eye fountains must be checked for correct operation once each shift by the operators on that shift* 3. SAFE WORRIES PRACTICES APPLICABLE TO ALL EMPLOYEES A. GZHZRAL PERSONAL PRECAUTIONS (1) Report Injuries All injuries, no matter how slight, must be reported immediately* 2) Clothes Saturation An employee getting his clothing saturated with chemicals must wash the parts of his body affected with water, change his clothing if possible, and report at once to First-aid* (3) Approval Prior to Conmencement Before starting any work on lines or equipment, request specific instructions from the supervisor in charge of F the equipment involved and obtain his written O. K* 000043 UNIR0001672 21 before proceeding with the work. v^ ^rv "; (4) Loitering ' Loitering around operating units Is prohibited at all times. (5) Tool Placement Place tools or materials on scaffolds, top of towers, platforms, or other elevations in such a that they will not create a tripping hazard or become dis lodged and fall. (6) Lowering Material Before lowering material from above, the area below must be properly blocked off and guarded to prevent anyone from passing underneath. (7) Scaffolding All loose objects must be removed from the top of scaffolds before they are moved. (8) Horseplay . Conduct which may be termed "fooling" or "horseplay" is strictly forbidden. (9) Railroad Cars Climbing over railroad cars, crawling or sitting tinder such cars or attempting to pass between cars that are standing close together on the same track, 000044 UNIR0001673 except at loading racks, is forbidden.' .. (10) Compressed Air Compressed air must not be used to clean clothing or any part of the body, and the air hose must never be pointed toward anyone* (11) Short Cuts ,, Do not use short cuts or make pathways through pro- cess equipment areas* (12) Walkways Where walkways are provided, employees should use them. When necessary to use the roads, employees are instructed to keep on the left side in order to face any approaching vehicles, unless otherwise directed by traffic signs* (13) Standing on Lines Employees should not stand on lines or fittings. (14) Walking on Pipelines Avoid walking on pipelines. (15) Avoid Wire Lines Holding Strain Exercise every effort to prevent anyone from walking in the vicinity of wire lines holding a strain* (16) Suspended Loads All men should stand clear of suspended loads* 000045 UNIR0001674 23 (17) *' Reporting leaks, Defects, ttc,.. ` ' , ............. *r. . . v ^ . Esiployees should be oa the watch for leaks, defective ladders, railings, cables and all unsafe conditions or absence of safeguards. Such defects should be re ported to the appropriate supervisor or to the Safety n. . Supervisor. (18) Defective Equipment Do not use defective equipment of any kind (19) Lifting Dee the proper method when lifting, keeping the back as nearly upright a3 possible and using the leg muscles. Do not attempt to lift more than can ba- safely handled. See that there are sufficient men for the load. Use a hoist to move large heavy objects. (20) Ambulance In cases of serious injuries or injuries which might be serious, even though not apparently so, call the ambulance. Give specific information as to the exact location where the anbulance should go*. If possible, state the extent of the injuries. Give your name. (21) Artificial Respiration . _ First-aid In emergencies is the only occasion when .i * anyone should render aid to any injury. Even then* be - 000046 UNIR0001675 "?>, r : 'r:f?"` 'h.Jh-.-F&tj.'i:'. 'IfQyi 24 certain you know what to do. When an individual Is not breathing due to drowning, electrical shock, or being overcome by fwesi start artificial resplratioa innedlately. (22) Avoiding Scaffolds ' ' Every effort should be made to avoid passing under scaffolds, or other elevations from which work is being performed. (23) Avoid Falls Exercise care in walking and in moving about your work in order to avoid slipping, tripping or fall ing. Particular care should be taken while going up or down stairs. (24) Falling Objects Falling objects have caused many serious injuries. Handle material with care. Keep feet in the dear. (25) Observing Safety Rules Every employee should consider it a part of his duties to take an active part In the safety program and should insist on the observance of safe practices by fellow workers. (26) Know Rules in All Areas *' 0G0047 When In an area other than his normal working area, an employee will be expected to know and observe all UNIR0001676 rales pertaining to that area* (27) Railroad Care on Siding . The universal rales with respect to railroad cars on sidings should govern their spotting. The following comments are considered as standards <e) All handbrakes must be set* Cb) A blue flag must be set at least one car length toward the main track from tank cars being worked* (c) All cars on the siding should be chocked with an approved device* (d) The derails should be placed after cars are spotted* CLOTHING Cl) Hard Hats Wear hard hats when in fenced plant area, excluding Service Building and road from gate to the Service Building* Non-conducting hard hats must be worn-by maintenance sen when working with electrical aolll~ ties. (2) Working With Acids. Etc. When working on equipment In acid, caustic# or other chemical services# .wear clothing covering arms# legs# and the body* Wear goggles# protective gloves# face 000048 UNIR0001677 shield r. rubber boots and/or lull protective suit if i<u|iiiian sense dictates the use of the ease* (3) Avoid boose .Clothing Employees must not wear neckties, dangling sleeves, or other loose clothing while operating or working close to moving machinery. Gloves should not be worn while using abrasive or buffing wheels, drill presses or other high speed rotating equipment. (4) Attachments to Clothing Do not tie or attach a rag to your person in such a manner that it cannot be removed with one quick move ment. (5) Gloves Long gloves should be used In drawing hot or cold liquid samples. (6) Clean Clothes Do not work in oily clothing, as a flash might prove fatal. Eave work clothes washed frequently. C. ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT . (1) Authorised Personnel Only authorized employees should be permitted to start _ electricelly-driven equipment. In the event that it does not start or run properly, do not tamper-with it.*, 000040 UNIR0001678 re >'. The Maintenance Section should be notified. 27 (2) Changing Fuses Zn cases of emergencies, duly authorized and inv trusted individuals approved by the Maintenance Engineer in writing are permitted to change cartridge- type fuses up to and including 440 volts. Under all other circumstances, an electrician must be called* (3) Grounding All electrical equipment must be properly grounded according to the Company's General Spec! fleationa * (4) Portable Electric Equipment On portable electric equipment with an outside ground wire, the ground connection must be made before making the electrical connection* Work the ground clasp back and forth at the point of connection so that rust, paint, etc. will be scraped off, thus insur ing a good connection* Where portable cord circuits are in excess of 50 volts, 3 wire grounded cords should be used. (5) Approved Lights in Towers^ etc* '' Only approved flashlights will be used in the plant* It la preferable that only 6 volt lighting be used ' in towers, drums and vessels* At no time will lights 000050 UNIR0001679 28. ' of core than 32 volts be placed In towers, dross '' ... .or vessels. . ... . I.- - .... .. (6) Proper Use of Extension Cord An electric extension cord should not be used if it is in bad condition. Check each cord before using it for bad insulation, broken grounds, etc. Avoid wrap ping the cord around the arms or any part of the body. Avoid standing in water while using the cord. (7) Avoid Unidentified Wires Employees should regard all wires as live and dangerous and are warned against permitting any object being handled to came in contact with electric lines. The insulation on the wire is not guarantee that it will not cause instant death. Any wire found dangling from a pole or any other defective electrical equip ment should be reported lamedlately to the Maintenance Section and must not be touched in the meantime. D. FIRE PROTBCTIOU Cl) Hazardous Worlc Penang The use of burning or welding equipment, rivet heaters, forges, tar pots, portable emery wheels, gasoline torches, soldering equipment, string lights or any other such equipment, in locations inside the fence (other than shop and office) requires a HAZARDOUS WORK 000051 UNIR0001680 ' -,.T ^ - ; 1 1 --T-h; ' . ''' 29* -- 7 ` PERMIT. ^ ___ -- . (2) Cl waned and Pncleaned Portable Equipment All portable cleaned equipment such as steel drums,, barrels, shell and tube heat exchangers, etc. Which can be readily moved from place to place with the possibility of becoming confused with a lilee piece of equipment which has not been cleaned, is to be pron~ inently marked as cleaned or gas free, together with the date of such preparation. (3) Cleaning Fluids Only approved cleaning fluids are to be used. If in doubt, ask. (4) Fire Fighting Equipment Fire fighting equipment should be used for fires only. (5) Access to Equipment . Do not block access to fire fighting equipment. (6) Electrical Fires . Water should not be used to extinguish a fire on or about an electric apparatus as it is a conductor of electricity. Use dry chemical extinguisher, CO^ . extinguisher, blankets or sand. . (7) Sewer Manholes { Avoid working close to sewer manholes whenever possible. 000052 UNIR0001681 30 Do not drag or drop material on then aa such action might create a spark* '~ (0) Extinguishers. Blankets, etc. All personnel should know the location of fire ex tinguishers, fire blankets, and safety showers in the 9 areas in which, they are working* '* (9) Gasoline . Gasoline is manufactured for use only as a fuel to explode and bum* Zt must not be used aa a cleaning fluid* (10) Matches, etc. Matches and lighters will not be allowed Inside the fenced area except as authorised by proper HAZARDOUS WORK PERMIT. (11) Plawnwhle Liquids Approved safety cans should be used for transporting handling of flammable liquids in small quantities* E TOOLS. MACHtHERY AMP MECHANICAL BCPIFHEBT (1) Tools In Good Condition Use only tools that are In proper working order* Turn in defective tools for repair or replacement* _ (2) Light Wrenches ` Light wrenches of any kind should not be strode with .v e maul or hammer 000053 UNIR0001682 31 <3) .. Pea of Open End Wrenghee . The use o two open-end wrenchea to secure leverage by placing one into the jaws of the other la pro hibited. (4) Files Files should not be used without handles. . (5) Authorized Personnel The operation of any machine except by an authorized employee is prohibited. (6) Repair nf Machinery Do not attempt any repair on machinery while it is in motion if it is practical to shut it down. All guards must be kept in place while the machinery Is in motion and not being worked an. (7) Hake--Shifts ,, The use of any make-shift apparatus is to be avoided. For example, drtms or barrels should not be used for work-benches, supports for scaffolds, etc. (8) Men Riding on Hoists, etc. Hen are not allowed to ride on material, hoists, crane - blocks, or,crane loads. F. GOOD HOPSEKEEPIMO (1) Protruding Hails ! 000054 Remove or bend down all nails wherever they may be. UNIR0001683 So not bend down nails by stepping anthem. All nails in the heads of kegs or wooden barrels should be removed when the containers are opened* (2) Clear Aisles Keep all aisles* passageways* stairs* platforms* and ladders clear of all obstructions. Material should not be placed Where it will offer a stumbling hazard and should be piled with due regard to safety* (3) Ollv Raq Sever allow oily waste* rags* or clothes to lie around. They should be placed in closed metal containers. Oily or chemically damaged boards should not be used to build scaffolds. (4) Chemical Spills Any oil or chemical spilled on stairs* platforms* walkways or any other walking areas should be cleaned up inmediately or it may cause a fall* (5) Waste Material Waste material should not be allowed to accwilate* but should be cleaned up and hauled away. (6) Clean Floors '. - Floors should be kept clean and In good repair. (7) Continual Practice 000055 ** . Good Housekeeping 13 a continuous practice and is UNIR0001684 . ' Vv. -r-tfI-''- - 33 part of every job. Do not wait for. a scheduled clean-up period. J Go FIAMMABL^r *QXTC. OR OIEER IHJURIOPS QASRS AUP T.TQtrtng (1) Hazardous Work Pemlt .. Before entering veieels or enclosed areas Where \ chemicals have beer, stored or handled, proper tests for gas concentration must be Bade and a HAZARDOUS work PERMIT written. (2) Burns Bv Volatile Products If highly volatile products come in contact with the skin, wash then off at once, as they may cause severe burns,, If burning occurs, report to the First-aid Room at once for treatment. 00005G UNIR0001685 *A- >T- 34 XII * HAZARDOUS WORK PERMITS 1. PURPOSE To further insure maximim plant safety practices and pro cedures, no job function or action of a hazardous nature, as listed herein, will be initiated without first obtaining a Hazardous Work Permit approved by Shift Supervisor. Specific hazardous functions or operations pertaining primarily to the Production and Maintenance areas are'outlined below. However, potentially hazardous operations will not necessarily be* limited to Production and Maintenance areas and must be recognized In all areas and locations where employees operate. 2. RESPONSIBILITY All Monochea and contractor i>ersonnel are responsible for compliance with safety rules and procedures listed herein. Hazardous operations will, no doubt, arise which are not specifically covered below. While such occurrences, in the absence of definite regulative, must necessarily be dealt . with as special cases, the precautions listed herein should be used as a guide. 3. DEFISmOKS A. RESTRICTED AREA Any place within the fenced area exclusive of the ware house, offices, shop building, fire house, garage building. 000057 UNIR0001686 'll 35 .v . ... ^-*r?.C *..--- , salvage yard , and main plant roads `~ B* MOTORIZED VEHICLES " Any automobile, truck, tractor, scooter, dragline, roller, lift digger, and related or similar equipment. 4. ACTIONS REQUIRING HAZARDOUS WORK PERMITS Hazardous Work Permits will be required before any one of the following actions are taken in the restricted areas of the Plant proper or on pipelines* A. USB OP FLAME PRODUCING DEVICES (1) Equipment (a) Any type of welding equipment $b) Blowtorches (c) Stone saws (d) Electric or airdriven buffers and scalers {e) Electric or air-driven portable grinding Wheels <) Electric drills, hammers, and other similar tools outside of unit Control Houses (g) Electric or gasoline-driven motors and equipment h) Sand blasters . (1) Heating lamps . (j) Matches, flints or cigarette lighters (k) Photoflash equipment , - (1) Portable electronic devices not rated explosion .i * proof When use 1 outside of unit Control Houses 000058 UNIR0001687 36 Cza) Changing light bulbs on a hot circuit outside . af unit Control Houses . B. CLOSED VESSEL ENTRY Entering a closed vessel or confined area. C. FIVE FOOT EXCAVATION ENTRY Entering an excavation deeper than five feet. D. MOTORIZED VEHICLES ENTRY INTO RESTRICTED AREA . Entry of any motorized vehicle or equipment into the restricted area other than on normally used Plant roads. E. FIRES Burning of brush, grass, or waste on Company property, except in designated burning areas. F. CUTTING FIRE WMLS. . Cutting fire walls around storage tanka. G. INJURIOUS LIQUIDS INTO RESTRICTED AREAS Bringing or using toxic, flammable, or other injurious liquids or gases into the restricted area if not in sealed or safety-type containers, other than small samples routine ly taken in the area. H. CHLORINE TRANSPORT Transporting chlorine in bulk quantities in the Process Area. ' I. USE OF GAS MASK Any work requiring a gas mask, except normal work at a 000053 UNIR0001688 37 . . .*: - :. . loading rack.-^--- - r:^-T>aCr~' -- :v-- ... .. J. aragmUTTZED EQUIPMENT USB ^ 4-. Pigging hole or ditch with mechanised equipment. K HOT TAP. Making "hot tap". L. BURNING POTS, ETC. . 1 ^. . Burning lead melting pota* burning baking furnace and , burning tar melting pots. - M. VALVE REPACKING Repacking valves under pressure. 5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A. MOTORIZED VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT STARTUP AFTER SHUTDOWN When motorized vehicles and equipment in restricted areas are shut down because of gas hazard* they will not be started again until the Shift Supervisor again declares the area safe. B. MOTORIZED VEHICLES & EQUIPMENT SHUTDOWN DURING ABSENCE Motorised vehicles and equipment in restricted area* other than diesel air compressor* will be shut down When not in use during lunch periods or in the absence of* tile operator from the issued late area at any time for any pur pose. Approval from the Operating Shift Supervisor must be obtained by the equipment operator before restaling the work. .. - i* . 000060 UNIR0001689  w / " . :V . : :4-<*v 36. C. wgr.Tvnm -jr ,; .v Hazardous Work Permits issued for welding purposes will require that a stand-fey laan be located at the welding lo cation. D. STAMP-BY MAN FOR VESSEL. ETC. DPRIBG EBTRY A stand-by man will be' located innediately outside a vessel, tower# or tank car during the time an employee is inside# and will check with the employee inside frequent ly and observe everyone leaving or entering the vessel. B. GAS ANALYSIS Before a Hazardous Work Permit is issued# a gas analysis must be made indicating that there Is neither flammable gases and/or carbon mono:cide in the particular location. The Operating Shift Supervisor and Maintenance Supervisor, before signing the permit* must be certain that all other possible precautions havo been taken to make the job safe. F. OH ALERT FOR DAHGSROPS D:gVXOPKgHT3 Employees engaged in work requiring a Hazardous Work Permit must be alert at all times for unexpected dangerous developments from any source. If a dangerous condition arises, all work will be stopped at once, all flames will be shut off# all machine* will be stopped# and the em ployees will issued lately vacate the vicinity. Work will 0G00G1 UNIR0001690 39 be resumed only when the dangerous condition baa been eliminated and the area bas been approved for entry by the Operating Supervisor. 6. PROCEDURES FOR OBTAINING HAZARDOUS WORK PERMITS A. INSPECTICPS The operating shift supervisor *ff P^rffrMY rftroonslbla for safety in a Productlan AreaP When a permit is re quired, the Maintenance Pore^mn will ascertain that h^g personnel have made all necessary preparations- The Maintenance then eetftfv the operating supervisor, who will Ins sect the conditions. When the operating supervisor is satisfied conditions are satis factory, he will fill on: a Hazardous Work Permit^ B. PERMIT CARD The operating supervisor then gives the Permit Card to the Maintenance Supervisor in charge of the job* who passes It to the workman involved as his authorisation: to begin the work covered by the Permit. The operating supervisor retains one copy of the Permit for his files* C. SIGNING OF PERMITS The welder or other appropriate workman will sign the Permit. Should he leave the job location before the com pletion of his work and be replaced by another welder or 000062 UNIR0001691 40. workman, he will deliver the Permit to the replacing welder or workman, pointing out the Instructions written on the Permit. The relieving workman must sign the Per* mit after reading the instructions on the Permit. Opera ting supervisors coming on duty will sign all Hazardous Work Permits then in effect in their respective areas. D. CHECKS BY OPERATING SUPERVISORS The operating supervisor rechecks the area from time to time as the vrork progresses and consults with ths mainte nance supervisors involved regarding conditions which may have arisen during the course of the work. E. RETURN PERMIT CARD When the work is completed, the Permit Card copy is re* turned to the operating shift supervisor. F. TIME VALIDITY ON PERMITS Hazardous Work Permits will he effective for no more one shift chance maintenance personnel. If work is not started within one hour after the Permit is issued or work is interrupted for more than one hour, the area must be rechecked for a gas hazard bv the operating supervisor on the Permit. G. DISPLAY PERMITS A Hazardous work Permit form must be displayed at idle job OOOOG3 UNIR0001692 41 location* Operating supervisors will sake routine checks of all work locations Where work requiring Hazardous Work Permits is in progress to see that a Permit has been issued covering the job* H. SIGNATURE VALIDITY OH PERMITS Hazardous Work Permits are valid only when approved by the signature of the appropriate Production and Maintenance . Supervisor. I. VIOLATIONS Violation of or failure to comply with the rules and pro cedures listed herein will result in disciplinary action* 000064 UNIR0001693 .42 IV. DANGER TAGS 1. PURPOSE Danger tags are attached to tools, materials or equipment to prevent their use or operation until such time as all re quired maintenance, installations or repairs are accomplished. A. DAMPER TAGS SIGNIFY . (1) Its use or operation may result in serious costly mechanical damage. (2) Its use or operation may result in bodily injury or fire. (3) Its use or operation may result in serious costly disruption to over-all Plant operation. 2- RESPONSIBILITY Any employee may. if deemed necessary, attach a danger tag to tools, material or equipment to prevent its use or opera tion by other employees. When more than one employee, or group of employees, is wording on a tool, process unit or piece of equipment and each is performing a different phase of the over-all operation, each employee, or group of em ployees, must attach a danger tag with his own signature and date. 3. PROCEDURES . OOOOG5 A danger tag must be dated and signed by the employee at- tabbing it. If a danger tag is required on more than one UNIR0001694 43. shift. PERSONS ATTACHIKG TAGS S50PLD ISFORM THEIR mer.Tey OP XKY EXISTING TAGS and have the relief sign and date each tag. The same should apply to all relieving ahlft-a| There should be no tea in any given area without the signa ture of th flq duty. Any number ff tags fiv be at tached to a valve e switch, or device to properly oroterf. parsons involved. Operation is prohibited under anv elr- . cmstances until all tacg have been removed. Persona re moving tags are responsible for the satisfactory comple tion of the work they were doing for operation. This fln- glades relnstallatlon of guards and naleinq sure all ner sons affected tav the tag being removed are so informed and warned, go worh is to be done on anv operable equips. mant urtll operation of same Is prevented by use of the danger tag and lock. 4. TYPES OF DAK3ER TAGS ' Two types o danger tags will be used in tagging tools, in stallations, process units, materials, and equipment* They are printed as follows t A. "DANGER, DO POT OPERATE" To be attached to a mechanical or process unit or assembly, such as a pump valve, switch, grinding wheel or vehicle. . 0000G6 UNIR0001695 .44 B. "DABGER" To be attached to a hand tool, vessel, or building entrance* ladder, toxic or flammable material container and other equipment or Installations where not actual "operation" would be involved in its use. Before at taching this tag, the employee must write a clear and concise explanation on the reverse aide of the tag as to why it is being attached, such as, "Dancer - Do Mot Open Door:., 5. UNAUTHORIZED REMOVAL OP DANGER TAGS A danger tag is not to be removed by anyone other than the employee who attaches it, except in such cases where the employee is absent or off duty, at which time the Mainte* nance Supervisor or Area Supervisor in charge of the ex plicit operation may remove the tag after careful and thorough Investigation of the situation. Violation of this rule may result in disciplinary action. 000067 j- UNIR0001696 MOBOCHEM, XHC H4PLOYEES* SAFETY HANDBOOK OGOOGS UNIR0001697 "tor It. J9:` 2 to Each Konuchsos Ef-j-lcyee: T>;r bookie*. h.*.a Le^r. txepnrcd i: cjicu* y .u ir the saio upru-rr.iM't of your job Kar.y yeare of evpcricne* have irnjwi- a. p:>r! j:es whicrh may to personal injury oi property owfiAcc And prftctrtCea aii-J method* which vii.1 aet U.e jot- done v.i:.n&xx<nujTi eatety oi a 1) personnel And e^juiptseni r ;t is expected the*, you viii becoirs thoroughly iaaiiliar vjc!: ail the ctnurai safety rules and vich those ether sectavna *. i }. bcoKle*. covering ?oS.c and methods which you encounter in -f perforr.-nre of t^r vcrk ?SEicr.5c you* It ir. obricM.* truJr? lot every conccv'&fe: i. coaxin^t; ,a . *c .ji *;t" r.* * chat .to; ru--ur j:. tV ` day-t o-tur, coers t i *. . r..Ai:.t2-:jioi of v .i *-h-- cxr-cr.t uc? Accord* ly. situation?! tuay /i. ne t: . caiaty fc-: " ion tr.d fiapti r;, yrs .ur.ti il:rr lcic* addition* :r>, or aiter&t^o: oi . (;;u:cfi ; i . cn nere t /.r; cJtrt p st j tr.c .^vU, ? hd -!ud*nnfc*';t rut* w rum to . r * Hi :n c-jLt * ... '* ----------/\Fah*. V. s -.Tin 0000G!) UNIR0001698 TABLE OF CONTENTS CARDINAL RULES CLOTHING A- NORMAL WORK CLOTHING Be CLOTHING AND SAFETYEQUIPMENT FOR SPECIAL JOBS FtRE EQUIPMENT FIRST AID GENERAL SAFETY RULES HEALTH RESPIRATOR? EQUIPMENT SAFE HANDLING OP OCR PRODUCT le VINYL CHLORxDK 2. ACETYLENE 3. OXYGEN PAGE 1 10 11 13 7 3 14 Q 15 16 18 000070 Mo&ochen., Inc* .Employees' Safety Handbook. April 18. 1962 UNIR0001699 v : ,, i :>perst v:i. a minimum o- iron clcd saiecy ) * prtsfciU tire, only even *ch ralea a;<. to vj. re nr. l- de*$.cnted ertas onlv. Thr a l iKt oi arras where emukinq will be permitced . jpc.ALicns .#. *l:nr^q exciua.'nq the exp2oxon prot i J ***;: s :.:i:-r"in7 *rwi Ks . .'.e/wr,C6 Off ICtf u.*- >' -s V r*/. * ir.wiuCi.^nq th* tirst s.'id cc:u::o K . r ! r : :r* &:.r. tKaini^narrc -1 b \ :oyib*ri ir. * hese area; , thereto:c r.rt >crt!Lt-*! J o the plant* rer:^ ** i*. effect ;>nly ne ion? iU-ca. it is ru.t. .acttc.'k mm*, cj v,.rn wntlc ins&uc the fesccu plAnr t ie: : rAt.vrit e tv.T.i^Cing wnixwayi; between r.h*.- Zwy.i im.i, A-dU?i m fc*.{.?t i "*r. bJliuinq flr.i frit- Mean Oah*. *' inh v:i*n j i plarst arer. ^vnlodi-.r t!v' 000071 UNIR0001700 2 walkways between the Engineering building, the Administration building and the Kain Gate. Non-conducting hard hate must be worn by maintenance men when working with electrical facilities. 4. The drinking of intoxicating liquids is strictly forbidden within the fenced area. No person "under the influence" of alcohol will be allowed to pass through the gates of the fenced plant area. 5. Shoes of the canvas or sandal type will not be worn in the fenced plant area or laboratories. 6. All injuries must be reported to first aid. , 7. When tanks, tank cars, vessels or other enclosed areas are entered by personnel, suitable life belts, life lines, etc. should be used. A watch must be maintained outside the vessel continuously during occupancy. 000072 UNIR0001701 GENERAL SAFETY RULES 3 1. Smoking permitted in designated areas only. No matches or lighters permitted inside the plant gate. This includes lighters in automobiles and trucks. 2. Scuffling and horseplay of any nature often have unexpected and dangerous consequences and are not permitted. 3. When walking or riding bicycles on plant roads, use the left side of the road, facing vehicular traffic. Do not run. 4* Co not use compressed air to remove dust from clothing. Entrained particles may puncture the skin or enter the eyes* Never direct the force of an air hose at yourself or another person. 5. Good housekeeping eliminates the cause of many accidents. Therefore, whether you are a mechanic, operator, or an employee of any other classification, you are expected to keep the area in which you are working clean and orderly. Trash and waste should be placed in the containers provided. New materials being used or old equipment being removed should be placed in an orderly manner near the job site pending actual use or removal from the area. Oil spills, litter, etc., should be promptly cleaned up. ' .% 000073 UNIR0001702 6~ Gasoline, naphtha, alcohol, or other volatile liquids should not be used for cleaning clothing, mechanical equipment, etc., except under conditions approved by the safety section. 7. Safety signs, including traffic signs on roads and parking areas are posted in various locations for your protection and benefit. You are expected to be governed by the directions given. 8. If travel over road or walkway become hazardous because of the presence of excavations or undesirable fumes, gases or liquids, suitable traffic warning signs or barricades should be promptly set up. 9 Wherever practicable, avoid working where overhead hazards are present. This area should be roped off and kept free of personnel* If necessary to do so, arrange for proper protection 10, . Protruding nails must be immediately removed or bent down on any boxes, boards, etc., even though the material is to be hauled to scraps 11. Oil-soaked rags, old clothing, etc., should not be accumu lated in piles. Spontaneous combustion may result. Such material should be placed in a covered metal container. 000074 UNIR0001703 5 12. Correct and safe procedures are known by our experienced mechanics, operators, and foremen. Avoid make-shifts where possible and discuss any potentially hazardous situation with your supervisor or the safety section before continuing. 13. Only approved electric lights and hand lights may be used. It is preferable that only 6-volt lighting be used in towers, drums, and vessels. At no time will lights of more than 32volts be placed in towers, drums, or vessels.^ All extension cords should be inspected by an electrician after each job and necessary repairs be made before re--use. 14. Materials should not be thrown to or dropped from elevated places, unless the area is properly fenced or other adequate precautions are taken to keep all personnel in the clear. 15. Employees having no business in operating units areas should not loiter in or walk through these units. 16. When lifting heavy objects* A. Get directly over the load* B. Secure a solid foothold. C. Squat over the load. D. Keep the back as straight as possible. E. Rest the elbows on the legs and use them as levers. F. Secure a good handhold. GGOCT** UNIR0001704 6. G. Be sure the body is in balance and not twisted. H. Lift the load principally by use of the legs. Z. If the load is too heavy, get someone to help you. 17. All buildings should be'well ventilated to avoid concentration of gases or fumes. 18. :.t is unsafe to walk on roofs made of transite or other brittle materials. Ceilings of many rocsas are not constructed to support the added weight of a man. Therefore, if working in an attic, always step on beams or other structural members, not on the ceiling of the room below. 00007G " UNIR0001705 7 FIF-BT AID First aid facilities are maintained for the purpose of giving first aid treatment to injured employees. Trivial injuries, if left unattended, may result in serious conditions. For your protection, have each injury, no matter how small, treated imme diately at the first aid room. Instructions of the attendant should be followed until discharged from further treatment. In some injuries, such as severe fractures, movement by in experienced personnel is dangerous to the injured person. Call the first aid attendant and ambulance to the scene. In case of electrocution, asphyxiation, or a severed artery, the ambu lance should be summoned, the employee moved to a safe location, and suitable first aid administered at once. Do not gang up around the patient; leave plenty of room for those administering first aid and for necessary fresh air* 000077 UNIR0001706 Rggrriyyyyr ggriEKEC? a* At timer it becomes necessary to work in places where eontcnination of tha atmosphere would interfere with norr.nl breathing* Several types of respiratory equitasnt are pro** vided to cope with such conditions. A. C^irzs^i-:: -Tnre ge ~ rr.sn.1 are designed to give protection against certain specified contaminates in low concentra tions (net over 2%). Tae chemical, in the esnaister crad ually becoaes epsnt with use* la routine cases of user it ic, therefore, irjiortsnt to record on the form provided the ei3ct length cf tins the caimister has been in use, 1. Eo sx-ro you arc csxsg the cannister specified for the eras encountered. 2* VTaere possiblec work on the windward cide of the job Whro wsarlag a cannister sash* 3* Carefully adjust the face or headpiece to avoid leakage If you con anell the gas* either the cannister is spent, the headpiece is not fitted properly, or the concentres tion of gas is too high to he effectively removed. Zn either case, leave the contaminated area immediately and'correct the deficiency before returning* * 0G007S B. EQ5E I*A5Z*3 are supplied with fresh air from an external source UNIR0001707 er;i b> us to in any a tacosphere. The puap which s-i^ plies the air nvsi. tlwtyr bn on tbs windward side of the job site aria veK i.) tba clear of any air poilaLiou. S..# r- r/vTTj brrcrn;,ng at/p^rai-is r^ay be ussd :is any atmoe- phere e>:ctp.. .h*t ca~e bus.* ha tabcsi to keep -chs ineiclc of < hr c:.>c*c; evl conr.ecrvor*s clear.. Out c.r gressr: on r.<;T/e c-i t-j^y rea-i violently v*'lh cxyycn. ; r* " _ 7; V* ?. cent car. elc-h cr ether weeia to filter the air yc-.o t Vi?y shov'd be uaeU vhor. v^rki^c ir d:,sry ciri'Ji 5 .* 000073 UNIR0001708 10 cucrm y rc ?. _ VO^-Ai- VX7rr - Certain types of clcv.hMvg are furnished for yovr protection whan working under abnormal conditions.. Eovever. the type of clothing you wear each day while performing your normal ditiec can be an important factor in your continued safety and well-being. 1.. Wear sufficient well-fitting clothing to cover the boe y, Gwirg snirtiecL cr 5.n shorts or wearing sleeve lcrs shirts all right cr. the bench, bvt nc.t in the plsnt. Wed fs less flscramble than cotton and so.*.c of the synthetic f-ibricr 2. C4rcisy or cily ciouh.\r.r should be renevsd. 71 c?./ bum like v. tcrch ?.f yen get to^.i close to flame, i, Avmvo wearin; ring.* jevxl-;ry* cr loose clothing, such 8.s dni'.glir.-; l'-'svco, c^cvet, tier etc., around n:vm? iKichmerv; fa.- example, lathes* drill presses, emir} wh<iel5r rotating shafts. and motors. 4-. Leather glebes are recoBstended whan handling rough or sharp icteric.? , but leave them off when operating a grinding wheel cr rotating or moving machinery. 5. Safety chces with thick soles, metal toe cap. and non- shirking nails are reccESiciidtd c Opan tee shoes or 0G00S0 UNIR0001709 sandals definitely invite injury and pain - leave thirt at liciDs cr in ycur longer. 6. Sard hate c.tj5 ea fety glasses have prevented serious injury to many psople. They oast be worn by everyone enter in? the plant. ?:* ?." loti sags? ?:- sicnar. jcss Sprti&l probe stive clothing end equipment is provided tor curing certain hs.sard.ous cp:r:e.ticn j ai';i should be von ior yaur protection. Consult specific ares snxc.ly 2V itaiioti. t: c*r dj&.i.ged apparel or ether safety Rqyijua'tat she.id > rt he *:r::n or ussctf but should be pixapty ru- plfacefL cr repaired* The t:cn._:iicti-r :r gave much thought tc the design of the safety equipment ana apparel provided* Eea'fc change cr nits:: it, without first obtaining the agreement of the safety supervisor. Life belts with tag lines, all in gord condition, should bs worn by men working et heights where not protected by buidrails or enclosed platforms and when in tank cleaning excr.-3.tioa or pit work. OGOOSi 5. The wearing of goggles will protect your eyes from nany hastres enoouatcrai in the plant. Obtain and wear the UNIR0001710 12. proper type when welding, chipping, or working in a dusty atmosphere or on jobs where chemicals or other liquids or gases that are painful or harmful to the eyes Bay be released* 4- 00008 j- UNIR0001711 FIRE ZOPIEMBHT 13 1. To insure maximum protection, all fire-fighting equipment must be instantly available. Therefore, care, trucks, or other equipment must not be left within 10 feet of any fire plug. Areas adjacent to hand extinguishers, fire blankets, ' etc., should be kept free from all obstructions. 2. Chemicals from fire extinguishers are to be used for fire fighting only and not for any other purposes. To insure that all extinguishers are ready for uee at all times, be sure to request the safety section to check and refill It when one has been partially or completely discharged. 3. The immediate availability of fire blankets has saved many livesr therefore, do not remove them from their boxes ex cept in cases of emergency. 4. COj extinguishers should be used with caution inside build ings, vessels, and enclosures. If any difficulty in breathing in the area is observed, you should leave the area immediately. 5. Tie-in on the fire water system must be approved by the safety section. 6. If the fire water is to be used for any purpose other than fire fighting or training, a hazardous work permit should be obtained. 000083 UNIR0001712 HEALTH 14 In case you begin to feel ill on the job, do not continue to work. Report to your Supervisor and then get nodical care. It is important to come to work well rested and with a good breakfasts Fatigue caused by lade or sleep or food decreases efficiency and is a factor in many accidents. Keep toilets, washrooms, drinking fountains, and locker roens neat, sanitary, and attractive. It is a good idea to wash your hands %dien you finish a job, especially before eating. The Company provides a mild, yet effective soap. Wash your hands frequently, especially after handling chemicals, oils, and solvents. Do not wash hands in gasoline or solvents as they can cause serious skin ailments and internal poisoning. 000084 UNIR0001713 SMB HAKDLIH3 OF CTO PRfiDPCTS 15. 1. VTRYL CPT-QRTPR Aside from the risk of fire and explosion, Vinyl Chloride presents no other very serious problem in general handling. The presently accepted maximum allowable concentration is 500 parte per million. In concentrations well above 500 parts per million. Vinyl Chloride acts as a mild general anesthetic. In contact with the skin. Vinyl Chloride is irritating. Prolonged contact will result in refrigeration and freezing. Vinyl Chloride is not a serious industrial hazard provided precautions are taken to avoid leaks or spills which might provide a fire or explosion hazard. Where serious leaks or spills do occur, the workmen present In the area should be evacuated, and persons returning to the area to repair or clean up equipment should be provided with appropriate gas masks, self-contained Oxygen units, or air-eupplled hoods. anployees treking in areas where Vinyl Chloride is handled or stored should be thoroughly and repeatedly warned of the anesthetic properties of Vinyl Chloride gee end instructed as to what to do If anesthetic effects are detected in 000085 UNIR0001714 6: - themaelves or m others placed: Eraphas in tratning should be '1' the use of artificial respiration in <?&&*& where breathing has stopped because of deep anesthesia. -2? the necessity of immediate removal of coataninated clothing and shoes *n case cf a ligvid sn?ll. *3j repeated wnohnig of the eyes with copious aiK>urt& of varez vn case of liquid splashes,, fcc personal protect *r iq'>hptuer.r is an adequate for naret wording cc-^i ttons and intelligent cond-.-rt on the pat t of ewtployees who* ?rfc with Y*'.yl Chloride. Fur the; - n^-rc the corxert nuicie cf pez&onzi protective *qc;p*aen? real :rcs education a: the warier jj* tht proper e'-ployrert cf the Mtcnsln av>j lar.lc cs him ACCTVt.fVE Fuse Acetylene is a c^irfless. odorless gas sir.ghtly lighter than air- The predict. Acetylene ga* produced :n this plant xs not odorlest? due to the presence of, e&all ataounts of impurltiesr Acetylene has a very w^de explosive range 2r5 - BOX by vclwne *r. air> and Is itself relatively non= roxtGe However. expos*?* to hsgh concentration of Acetylene eay cause headache, dizziness or unconsciousness duo t-v iao; 0G008G UNIR0001715 17 of Oxygen. In addition to its wide explosive range. Acetylene explosions are possible even in the absence of air. In the latter case, if sufficient energy is imparted to the gas to start a decomposition and form a fiesta front, the flame front will travel throughout the system until the supply of Acetylene is exhausted or conditions become such that the flaiae front is no longer self-sustaining (as in a flame-arrestor). Acetylene decompositions are of two types - deflagrations, which result in a slow-moving (about 20 feet per second) flame front and produce pressures about ten times the initial pressurer and detonations which result in a high velocity (about 6(000 feet per second) flame front and pressure up to 100 times the initial pressure. In long lines, a de flagration flame front may change to a detonating flame front. An Acetylene plant has several possible safety hazards. Hazardous gases such as Acetylene, Batumi Gas, Oxygen Off-Gas mixtures are potentially dangerous and must be handled with caution. The following general rules should be followed at all times. 1. Report all leaXs to foreman at once. 000087 UNIR0001716  . Ahaorrui on rating conditions should be reported tc fairer a* 3- Operators snuvlS Serov? the location purpose arid operation of iill oasi masKs and other safety equipment. all fare fighting equipment. and all emergency shutdown switches* cxv'if!: oxyqe** ia fi?- active eleesnt which, although it does not h*;;n svpptvta comb'iM jor nod which combines directlv rt tr.dirccUv- with ali elements except the rare gases, cxyg**> is t jarless odorless. and tasteless. t is only j i ,, y erii-ahle in wtei and t* a pool conductor of. heat .1:*n eiertr .vty Liq.id Pyycen is pels blue slightly than war ex waqnet*c ron*f lAssnsbl e and does not vri*.* .a % .? r o- 2r;tuuno vapors ;;*R ;?Ke*p all ^^ic^stAbl e isat er*a}s especially oil and gceace wv ffen Oxygen Da not pemit ewoxing or open flius*;* in "y area where Oxygen Xe stored or used. Da ... r j_=cnut organic j?at.eri&J. or flarwtablc substances of any kmd to cart* m contec- vtth liquid Oxygen- &-* of th* r*`-;nnis t:ua can rerr.r v-&n).entiy with Oxygen r index certain OGOOSS j- UNIR0001717 19 conditions of pressure and tenperature are oil, grease, asphalt, herosene, cloth, wood, paint, tar, and dirt which say contain grease or oil. Under certain conditions, mix tures of powdered organic materials with liquid Oxygen can detonate. . CAUTIOPt YThen organic B&teri&ls, such as those listed above are exposed to liquid Oxygen, they will bum violent** ly if ignited, even several minutes after they have been in contact with the liquid. Any clothing that has been splashed or soaked with liquid Oxygen should be rmoved immediately and aired away of sources of ignition for at least one hour until it is completely free of Oxygen. haww.ths T.TquTD QXVGEH: Always handle liquid Oxygen carefully. At extremely low temperature, it can produce an effect on the skin similar to a bum. The gases issu ing from this liquid are also extremely cold and can pro duce bums. Delicate tissues,, such as those of the eyes, can be damaged by an exposure to the cold gases which is too brief to affect the skin of the hands or the face. - Sever allow any unprotected part of your body to touch uninsulated pipe or vessels containing liquified atmospheric 00008!) UNIR0001718 20 r gases? the extremely cold metal may >tidc fast and -tear the flesh when you attempt to withdraw from it* Protect your eyes with a face shield or safety goggles vsarety spectacj.es without side shield do not give adequate protection ) 0 Always wear gloves when handling anything that is, or may have been, in contact with liquid* Asbestos gloves are reccranended* The gloves should fit loosely, eo that they can he thrown off quickly if liquid should spill or splash into them* When handling liquid in open containers, it is advisable to wear high-top shoes* ( Trousers (which should be cuff~lees if possible) should be worn outside the shoes* 000030 UNIR0001719