Document M4L7n2vxDV2bMV05Ob9g1vLb7

Monsanto Chemicals ii MONSANTO CHEMICAL COfJiPANY 02Z20H1 TOWOLDMONOQ26668 FOREWORD The Aroclors*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated poly-phenyls, possess unique properties which enable the fulfillment of requirements not met by other materials. This has won a prominent place for Aroclors, particularly, in the electrical insulating field and in such widely differing applications as non-flammable hydraulic media, hightemperature and high-pressure lubricants, heat-transfer and expansion media, sealing compounds, adhesives and protective coatings, including plastics, pigments, lacquers, paints and varnishes. This booklet describes the properties of thirteen Aroclors, each of which is representative of a series. For almost every Aroclor described there is a dark-colored grade of other wise approximately the same physical and chemical char acteristics. These darker products are less pure but lower in price. The Aroclors arc efficient and very economical, both when used alone to accomplish results not attainable by other materials and when used as extenders to enhance the properties of other products. They are produced exclusively by Monsanto Chemical Company. *Rrgiatered in t\ S. Patent Office. ozzz0'*6 TOWOLDMONOQ26669 INDEX Page No. GENERAL PROPERTIES............................ 3 General Physical Properties of Some of the Aroclors............................................4-5 Resistance of Structural Materials to Aroclors ................................................... 6 Adhesiveness....................................................7 Specific Volume............................................... 7 Average Coefficients of Expansion, Aroclor 1248.............................. 7 Corrosion........................................................... 7 Density............................................................... 9 Electrical Properties........................................9 Non*drying Properties.................................... 9 Nonflammability............................................... 9 Solubility........................................................... 9 Specific Heat and Thermal Conductivity . 9 Electrical Properties........................................9 Thermal Conductivity of Aroclor 1248 . . 10 Stability..........................................................10 Toward Alkalies.......................................... 10 Toward Acids..............................................10 Toward Heat.............................................. 10 Toward Oxidation...................................... 10 Surface Tension..............................................10 Thermoplasticity.............................................. 10 Vaporization Loss.......................................... 13 Vapor Pressures..............................................13 APPLICATION OF AROCLORS...................15 Adhesives..........................................................15 Electrical Equipment....................... 15 Expansion Medium..........................................15 Page No. Hydraulic Medium..........................................15 Power Transmission.................................. 15 Hydraulic Pressure Medium...................... 15 Liquid Heating Medium.......................... 16 Lubrication......................................................17 Air Compressors..........................................17 Cutting Oils................................................. 17 High Temperature...................................... 17 Extreme Pressure...................................... 17 Submerged Lubrication.............................. 18 Gaskets and Packing Materials...................... 18 Dermatology and Toxicology.......................... 19 Suggested Uses for Aroclors in Plastics, Pig* ments. Lacquers, Paints, Varnishes and Waxes......................................................... 20 Compatibility with Various Materials . . 20 Ethyl Cellulose..........................................20 Graphic Arts..............................................20 Impregnation.............................................. 21 Moisture Proofing......................................21 Pigment......................................................21 Paints and Varnishes........................... i 21 Rubber and Rubber Substitutes .... 22 Modified Rubber Finishes..........................22 Vinyl Resins................................................. 22 Nitrocellulose Coatings..............................23 Waxes............................................................. 23 Diagrams Showing Practical Composi* tion of Lacquers Using Aroclors 1254 and 1262 ........................................24-25-26 Other Literature on Aroclor Applications..................................... 27 2 022Z04*9 TOWOLDMONOQ26670 General Properties The Aroclors range in form and appearance and Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower from mobile oily liquids to fine white crys molecular weight alcohols. Aroclor 4465 is tals and hard transparent resins. They are only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. non-oxidizing, permanently thermoplastic, of low volatility and non-corrosive to metals. They are not hydrolyzed by water, alkalies or acids. The viscous liquids and the resins will not support combustion when heated alone. The excellent electrical properties, fire resistance and inertness of the Aroclors make them useful in many applications. The properties imparted by the Aroclors and their usefulness for particular applica The crystalline Aroclors arc relatively insol tions vary in regular gradients over the uble, but the liquid ami resinous products series so that the selection of the right arc soluble in most of the common organic Aroclor for a specific use can generally be solvents, thinners and oils. All Aroclors are made simply by a comparison of the physi insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. cal properties of the several Aroclors. 3 OZ** TOWOLDMONOQ26671 TABU GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIE! Form............................................................................ .. Color--AP1IA................................................... Aroclor 1221 Colorless mobile oil 50 Max. Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Arcolor 1248 Practically Practically Yellow tinted colorless mobile colorless mobile mobile oil oil oil 60 Max. 100 Max. 100 Max. Light yelloi viscous oil 150 Max. Acidity--Maximum (Mgm. KOII per Gnu).. 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 AVKKACE COEFFICIENT OF Expansion......... ............................. cc/cc/*C Density-- Specific Gravity 25/25C (77/77F).......... Founds per Gallon--25C (77F)................. 0.00071 (15-40C) 1.177 to 1.187 9.82 0.00073 (25-100C) 1.262 to 1.272 10.51 0.00068 (25-65C) 1.378 to 1.388 11.50 0.00070 (25-65C) 1.447 to 1.457 12.08 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.538 to 1.51!'. 12.83 Distillation Range--ASTM I)-20 (Mod.) Corr. 'C............................................................................. 275-320 Evaporation Loss--%--ASTM D-6 Mod. 163C.......................................................................5 lira. 100C....................................................................... 6 hrs. -- 1.0 to 1.5 290-325 -- 1.0 to 1.5 325-360 3.0 to 3.6 0.0 to 0.4 340-375 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 365-390 1.1 to 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 Flash Point--Cleveland Open Cup..............C i4i-i5o F 286-302 Firf. Point--Cleveland Open Cup..................C 176 F 349 Povn Point--ASTM D-97.................................. C F Softening Point--AS7'M E-28................. C Crystals at 1*C Crystals at 34F -- F -- Refractive Index--D-line--20C................. 1.617-1.618 Viscosity--Savbolt Universal 210F (98.9C) 30-31 See. (ASTM-D-88) 13,,.K (54.4C) 35-37 100F (37.8C) 40-12 152-154 303-310 238 460 -35.5 -32 -- -- 1.620-1.622 31-32 39-41 47-50 176-180 348-356 None* -19 2 -- 1.627-1.629 34-35 49-56 80-93 193-196 379-384 None --7 19.4 -- -- 1.630-1.631 36-37 69-78 185-240 None None 10 50* 1.639-1.611 44-48 260-340 1800-2500 NONK "N lire ii| lo 1`oilin" Irmjirraturr". 4 OZiiObl TOWOLDMONOQ26672 I OF SOME OF THE AROCLORS Aroclor 1260 Light yellow oft sticky resin 150 Mas. Aroclor 1262 Light yellow sticky clear resin 150 Max. 0.015 0.02 'S Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1270 Aroclor 4465 Pale yellow White crys Yellow trans opaque brittle talline powder parent brittle resin resin 1.5 Mas. 1.5 Max. 2.0 Mas. Aroclor 5442 Yellow trans parent sticky resin 1.5 Max. Aroclor 5460 Yellow trans parent resin 2.0 Max. Aroclor 2565 Brown-black opaque resin -- 0.05 0.175 0.05 0.05 0.07 1.4 0.00067 (20-100C) 0.00064 (25e-65C) 1.618 to 1.629 1.646 to 1.653 13.50 13.72 385-420 0.5 to 0.8 0.0 to 0.1 400-430 0.5 to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 0.00067 0.00067 0.00061 (20"-100"C) (20-100C) (25-65C) 0.00123 (25-99C) 0.00179 (25-124C) 1.804 to 1.811 1.944 to 1.960 1.712 to 1.723 1.432 to 1.447 1.740 to 1.745 15.13 16.24 14.28 11.96 14.50 0 00066 (25-65C) 1.724 to 1.740 14.41 435-450" 0.1 to 0.2 0.0 to 0.06 450-460 0.0 to 0.1 0.0 to 0.02 230-320 215-300 280-335 at 4 nun. llg. at 4 Mtn. llg. at 5 inni. Hg. 0.2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 0.2 0.01 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 Ut 260*--S St.) _ 0.2 to 0.3 None None 31" 88" _ .-- 1.647-1.619 72-78 3200-1500 None None 37 99 _ -- 1.6501-1.6517 90-103 600-850 (IMfFnr 71C) None None - 135" to 16Q (hold pt.) 275" to 320 ~ (hold pt.) -- -- None None - 249 to 300 (hold pt.) 561 to 572 (hold pt.) -- -- -- None None 60 to 66 140 to 151 1.664-1.667 90-150 (266*For 1J0*C) -- 247 477 None >350 >662 None 46 115 - 45 to 50 100 to 105.5 113 to 122. 212 to 222 -- 300-400 -- 1.660-1.665 -- None None 66 to 72 149 to 162 -- -- 5 TOWOLDMONOQ26673 TABLE II--Resistance of Structural Materials to Arodors Metals 1248 25C 125C Aluminum.......................................... Copper................................................................................ Magnesium........................................................................ Nickel................................................................................. Silver................................................................................... Tin....................................................................................... Zinc..................................................................................... Mild Steel.......................................................................... Phosphor Bronze............................................................. Red Brass.......................................................................... Stainless Steel............................................................. .... Yellow Brass..................................................................... R R RR RR R R R RR R D RR R Plastics Alkyd Resin No. 46**9-1*12........................................... Alkyd Resin No. 4659M3A........................................ Cellulose Acetate (Fihestos)........................................ Durlte Phenol Furfural Resin..................................... Kormvar Highly Plasticized...................................... .. Formvar Low Plasticized............................................. Glyptal 1276..................................................................... Glyptul 7136..................................................................... Maleic Resin No. 4659-M3R....................................... Maleic Resin No. 46594*130....................................... Plexiglas (Methyl Methacrylate)............................... Polystyrene (Lustron B)............................................... Resinox Mineral Filled Melamine Resin................. Resinox Wood Flour Filled Melamine Resin......... Resinox Mineral Filled Phenol Formaldehyde.... Resinox Wood Flour Filled Phenol Formaldehyde Resinox Rag Filled Phenol Formaldehyde.............. Urea Formaldehyde Resin (Plaskon Co.)................ *P *D D *D De PS R *D P P *D P *D *D *D *15 *1) *1) R D R R R R R R D D RR Re P p P P T T P T P P P T P P D P P P Ahoclor Nl'MBKH 1254 25C 125C RR RD RR K RR RR RR RR RR RR RR RD RR RR R De P D D *R Pe PS D *R *P R D P R R D D P D P P P P T T P T P P P T R D D R D P 4465 125C RR D RR RR R R R R R R RR Re P P P D T T P T P P P T P R R D D P 5460 125C RR D RR R R K RR RR R De RR Re P P P P T T P T P P P T D P P P P P Meaning of Abbreviations: --Based on weight gain calculated as penetration value shown. RR -'Kxcellrnt resistance--less than 1.0 x 10** cm/day penetration or .00011 in/vr. R--Good resistance--has penetration between 1.0 x 10 * ami 10 x 10' cm 'day or between 0.00014 and 0.0014 in/vr. I)--Doubtful resistance, penetration between 10 x 10* cm/day and 100 x 10* cm ;dav or between 0.0014 and 0.011 in/vr. P--Poor resistance--prortralion greater than 100 x 10*< cm/day or 0.014 in vr. |*S--Pi*or resistance due to visible local action although weight change indicates greater resistance, e--Following the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be better than indicated if totally immersed since weight l*s* is Itclicted to cotne from oxidation of the part of test strip exposed to air. T--Material alone will not stand tem|*erulure. 6 0222053 TOWOLDMONOQ26674 ADHESIVENESS The Aroclor resins ahdere strongly to smooth surfaces, such as glass, metal and varnished or lacquered coatings. The softer Aroclors are indicated where a flexible, non-drying, water-resistant strongly adhesive ma terial is required. The Aroclor adhesives arc thermoplastic; are readily applied hot without solvent; do not require high temperatures for easv application, and arc set immediately upon cooling. SPECIFIC VOLUME The s|>ccifie volume of Aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Temp. F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Aroclor 1248 Specific Volume ml/pm 0.674 0.699 0.726 0.755 0.790 0.828 0.870 FIG. 1 AVERAGE COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANSION, AROCLOR 1248 The average coefficient of expansion of Aroclor 1218 per degree F. within the various temperature ranges indicated in the table hclow were deter mined by using the simple formula Vt = Vt1 [1+a (t --*)] The coefficient, o, has been calcu lated at 100F increments, as follows: Temp. Range F 0 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 300 300 to 400 400 to 500 500 to 600 Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/cc/ F 0.00037 0.00039 0.00040 0.00046 0.00048 0.00051 CORROSION The Aroclors show practically no corrosive effect on metals within normal ranges of temperature. They do attack many plastics materials of con struction as shown in Tabic II. 0222054 TOWOLDMONOQ26675 FIG. 2 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT @ 1000 CYCLES 7 6 T OCLOR 1242 If -- 5 <i IROCLCJR 125*l -- i J- <> 4 / //3 & - -t i~ DIE LECT RIC C ONSTANT VS. TEMPE:rati RE 2 AROCLC)R 1242 & AROCLOR 1254 DBEll TELEP HONE DATA 3 MON SANTO TESTS -J 0 0 ) 23 4 J TEMPERATU RE CENTIGRAC 1| AME 11/2 /45 ------------1------- 6 0 i 0 100 1. 1 1 BY C 3URTESY OF THE J OURNAl OF FRANK IN INSTIT UTE ' AND BEU TCI EPHONE LAOORATO RIES : i 1 1 J_______ DENSITY AH the Aroclora are heavier than water, a valuable property for many' application. Densities are shown in Figure 1. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES The Aroclors have extremely interesting electri cal characteristics: high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor. The dielectric con stant ranges from 3.4 to 5.0 at 100C. and 1000 cycles, depending upon the particular Aroclor. The dielectric constants of Aroclors 1242 and 1254 at various temperatures are shown graphically in Figure 2. The electrical properties of the Aroclors are shown iu Tabic 3. NON-DRYING PROPERTIES The Aroclors are non-drying, and when they are exposed to the air, even in thin films, no notice able oxidation or hardening takes place. How ever, when used as ingredients of lacquers, they do not retard the rate of drying of the lacquer films. Quick drying varnisiies and paints may be made with Aroclor resins. NONFLAMMABILITY The viscous Aroclor oils and the resins do not support combustion when heated alone, even at their boiling points -- temperatures above 350C Most of the Aroclors flux readily with resinous and pitch-like materials to give a product hav ing a decreased fire hazard. When incorporated in nitrocellulose films and rubber foams the Aroclors retard the rate of burning. SOLUBILITY All Aroclors are insoluble in water. Solubilities of some of the Aroclors in the more common sub stances are shown in Table VI. The Aroclor oils and resins are readily soluble in most of the common organic solvents and drying oils. The hard crystalline materials are in general less soluble than the Aroclor oils or softer resins. Compatibility data on Aroclors in nitrocellulose lacquers arc shown on page 18. SPECIFIC HEAT AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY The specific beat at different temperatures of several of the Aroclors is shown in Figure 3. This, together with the thermal conductivity data given in Table IV, enable calculations involved in the use of Aroclors as high-temperature, low pressure, fluid heat-transfer media. TABLE III -- Electrical Properties Dielectric Constant at 1,000 Cycles (i) Aroclor 25*C I00C Volume Resistivity (2) Ohm--cm at 100C, 500 Yolts D.C. Dielectric Strength (3) 1232 5.7 4.6 1242 5.8 4.9 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 1218 5.6 4.6 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 1254 5.0 4.3 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 1260 4.3 3.7 Above 500x10 Greater than 35RY 1268 2.5 -- 5442 3.0 4.9 Above 500x10 5454 2.7 4.2 5460 2.5 3.7 4465 2.7 3.3 (1) ASTM IM.MMTT (2) ASTM D-2;?.4ft (3) ASTM l>-UQ.tt <4) astm D-rtfMrr Power Factor (4) 100C, 1,000 Cycles <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% 9 0222056 TOWOLDMONOQ26677 Guam FIG. 3 TABLE IV Thermal Conductivity of Aroclor 1248 Temperlure c F 30 90 60 140 100 212 g/cc. ' 1.441 1.411 1.370 Thermal Conductivity F/Ft. 0.0613 0.0698 0.0800 Viscosity Saybolt Univ. Sec. 360 60 36 STABILITY Toward Alkalies The Aroclors are remarkably resistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high tem perature. They are not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids Experiments were made to determine whether hydrogen chloride is evolved during the treat ment of Aroclors with sulfuric acid. Aroclor 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal vol ume of ten per cent sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping front the reaction flask had to pass through a trap filled with silver nitrate solution, which solution would give a pre cipitate of silver chloride if any HCI came in con tact with it. After 150 hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid layer in the treat ing flask showed anv hydrogen chloride present. Even prolonged treatment (255 hours) with con centrated sulfuric acid indicated only a slight trace (too small for quantitative measurement) of hydrogen chloride in the acid layer. Toward Heaf Because of their stability to heat, the Aroclors are useful heat-transfer media. Aroclor 1254 and particularly the less viscous Aroclor 1248 are recommended for this purpose because they may be heated at temperatures up to 315C (600F) in a closed system for long periods without appreciable decomposition and are at the same time nonflammable. Toward Oxidation When Aroclors are subjected to a bomb test at I40C with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch oxygen, there is no evidence of oxidation as judged by development of acidity or formation of sludge. SURFACE TENSION The surface tension of Aroclor 1254 in dynes per centimeter is as follows: Temperature 25C 80C 100C ' Surface Tension--(lynee/cm. 50.3 44.0 42.0 THERMOPLASTICITY The Aroclors are permanently thermoplastic. They apparently undergo no condensation or harden ing upon repeated melting and cooling. The clear Aroclor resins are now being produced with soft ening points up to 105C. The opaque crystalline solids are produced with initial melting points up to approximately 290C. , 10 0Z2Z^ TOWOLDMONOQ26678 TABLE VI--Solubility of Aroclor* in 100 Milliliters of Various Solvents Aroclor Tjpe of Solvent 12-i 2SC Acetic Acid............................... S Oleic Acid................................. S Benzoic Acid..............................10.0 *' L s s 1243 25#C Hot _ -- 10.0 -- s s -- 1270 Cold Hot s_ s -- -- -- ---- Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde............... 1 Furfural..................................... VS Amine Aniline....................................... S Pyridine............................ .132.5*TM Chloro-- derivative* Amyl chlorides -- mixed.... S CarLou Tetrachloride........... S Chloroform............................... S Dichlorethvlene...................... Ethylene Dichloride.............. S Monochlorohenzene............... S Orthodichlorobcuzene........... --" Tetrachloretlmne.................... S Trichlorelhane......................... S Trichlorethylene..................... S Drying Oil Tung Oil.................................... Linaeed Oil............................... S Eater Amyl Acetate.......................... S Butyl Acetate.......................... S Celloaolve Acetate.................. $ 1 vs s" 440*TM s s s s s s s s s s s s s I I I I II vs vs vs vs ss ss s s __ -- -- 114 *c 425 TM -- -- s s s s __ s s s s 3.7 -- _ _s s s s ---- 3.0 _ _ _s s ss s s s s ---- 2.9 -- ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s XS sS ss ss ss ---- 3.3 -- ---- __ -- _-- _-- ---- ---- Cottonseed Oil........................ S Dibutyl 1'htlialute..................... S Diethyl Plithalate...................... S Ethyl Acetate.............................. S Ethyl Lactute.............................. S Ethylene Glycol Diacetate.. S Methyl Acetate...................... S Tricresvl Phosphate.......... .... Ether: Ethyl Etlier................... S S Ether Alcohol ,, Carbitol..................................... 224 *c Celloaolve..................................... S Diethylcnc Glvcol..................... -- p.p' Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether 16.9 5S c 307 ***c s 19 *TM vs vs 173 259 s __ _s_ --s s -- ---- -- -- -- -- ss ss 8 *o*c lo ito*c -- -- Hydrocarbon * Benzene.................................. VS vs Gasoline.................................... Kerosene................................... Mineral Spirits........................ VS VS VS vs vs vs Paraffin.............................................. 2.0^ Pine Oil......................................... S s s Toluene..................................... VS vs Turpentine............................... VS Xylene................. .................... VS vs vs vs vs vs vs 2.0 ***c vs vs vs vs s vs vs vs vs --- VS 3.5 -- VS -- -- vs -- -- VS s ---- ---- vs vs vs vs vs vs s vs vs s vs ---- _-- vs -- -- vs vs vs vs -- _Hydroxy -- derivatives Amyl Alcohol.............................. S s uEdthluyllyAl lcAolchoohl o(3l..-.A....)...........................................23S.3sTM80.0sJ<TM Glycerine....................................... 1 I Mefhvl Alcohol........................ 42.5 88.5 "*c Phenol -- 90%........................ 194*TM s _ ___ -J -- __ __ I -- s s __ s s ---- 10 *TM 28 -- --* I I II 15 *c 22.2 --- -- ss s -- -- Ketone Acetone......................................... S s _ --. s S -- -- Miacellaneoua Carbon DUuKide........................ S Kitrobenrene............................... S Water............................................. I 1 1 -- Insoluble S -- Soluble SS -- Slightly Soluble VS -- Very Soluble Figures show grants of Aroclor |*r 100 milliliters of solvent at 25C unless otherwise indicated. 4-165 Cold Hot ss s s vs ---- II vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs S VS s vs S vs s vs VS vs VS vs ss ss s s SS s s ss vs vs vs vs < 5.0 s vs vs vs -- -- -- -- vs vs vs vs s s vs vs vs ss ss s ss -- I1 ss -- ss 5s vs vs I 5460 25C -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 156 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---- -- 143 -- -- -- -- -- 142 -- 178 -- -- 2 ---- 260 11 QZitQM TOWOLDMONOQ26679 VAPOR PRESSURE -- mm MERCURY 12 02Z2059 TOWOLDMONOQ26680 FIG. 5 VAPORIZATION LOSS The low vaporization loss of Arociors is indicated in the following Table VII. It is concluded that the vaporization rates of Arociors--especially 1251 and 1260 which are the most widely used members of the Aroclor family in the plasticizer field, compare most favorably with the similar constants of other plasticizers selected specifically for these tests because of their low vaporization rates. VAPOR PRESSURES The vapor pressures of several Arociors are indi cated in Figure 4 over the temperature range. 150 to 300C. The following estimated vapor pressures of several Arociors at 100F shown in Tabic VIII were determined by extrapolation from the values shown in Figure 4; 13 0222060 TOWOLDMONOQ26681 Sample____________________________ Aroclor 1221............................... Aroclor 1232............................... Aroclor 1212............................... Aroclor 1248............................... Clorafin-42-S.............................. Flexol-DOP (dioctvl phthalate) Dutrex 25................................... Aroclor 1251............................... Dutrex 20................................... Aroclor 1262............................... Aroclor 1260............................... Aroclor 1165............................... Aroclor 1270............................... Aroclor 5142............................... Aroclor 5160............................... Tricresyl phosphate................... TABLE VII Vaporization Rates Wt. Lom Cm*. 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0.0026 0.0064 0.0045 0.0039 0.0032 0.0010 Hour* Exjiorture 21 24 24 24 18 48 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 72 72 24 Surface Area Cm1 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 Vaporization Kate (ftnB./cm.*lir./U>0oc 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 TABLE VIII Approximate Vapor Pressures Calculated at 100 F (37.8 C) Aroclor 1232 ..............................0.005 Aroclor 1212..............................0.001 Aroclor 1218..............................0.00037 Aroclor 1254..............................0.00006 mm. Ilg. mm. Hg. mm. Hg. mm. Hg. 14 0222061 TOWOLDMONOQ26682 APPLICATIONS ADHESIVES Liquid and resinous Aroelors are noted rommcrcially in the adhesives field for.their usefulness in preparing synthetic adhesives an<l as additives in protective coatings to improve adhesion. This quality of the Aroelors is related to their .plasti cizing action on the plastics materials commonly used in adhesives and routings. Interesting examples are the use of Aroelors in adhesives and coatings based on pel) styrene, vinyl polymers, ethylcellulosc, chlorinated rubber and other plastics materials, usually polymers. Aroclor adhesives are thermoplastic and can he prepared either with or without solvents. Hotmelt Aroclor adhesives do not require high tem peratures for easy application and are set immedi ately upon cooling. Aroelors strongly resist attack by water, acids, alkalies, and other common corrosive influences as well as organisms. By proper selection of materials, adhesives utilizing Aroelors can be made to possess outstanding resistance against all of these destructive influences. The most widely used Aroelors in the adhesives field are 1254, 1260, 4465 and 5460. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Because of their nonflammability, high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor, the liquid and resinous Aroelors are extremely useful materials for the electrical industry. Aroelors are used to impregnate capacitors or condensers and transformers. Since the liquid Aroelors will absorb suflicicnt moisture from the atmosphere to impair the electrical characteristics, it is customary to treat Aroclor intended for this application Itcforc use with a dehydrating clav. An effective product for this purpose is Altapulgus clay 80, 300 mesh dried for 4 hours at 400C. ami used at the rate of 0.125% based on the weight of Aroclor, followed by filtration. Treatment is improved if the Aroclor is heated to 80-85&C. Another important use of Aroelors in the electrical field is the use of Aroelors 1260, 4465 and 5460 in wire or cable eoatinga and as impregnates for cotton and asbestos braided insulation. Aroclor 5460 is useful as an impregnant for carbon radio resistors to reduce the influence of moisture. EXPANSION MEDIUM Because of their stability under variations in temperature and freedom from gum formation from oxidation, the Aroelors are useful as expand ing media in bellows controls and in thermostats. HYDRAULIC MEDIUM Power Transmission The Aroelors are superior hydraulic media for power transmission. Because of their greater den sity and E. P. characteristics they approach more closely the theoretical transmission values for mechanical power as illustrated in Figure 6. This greater efficiency makes possible a reduction in the size of the hydraulic coupling design. In order to meet extremely low-temperature weather conditions, it is necessary to adjust the freezing point of the Aroclor selected by the addi tion of a pour point depressant. Suitable adjust ments can be made in the composition to reach a pour point of minus 65F. The steepness of the viscosity-temperature curve of the Aroelors is a handicap to the application of Aroelors to many types of fluid transmission. This curve can be flattened to a marked degree by introduction of a viscosity-index corrector. By proper choice of viscosity modifiers and pour point depressants, the viscosity-temperature curve can be made to coincide with any standard hydro carbon oil viscosity curve. Information will be gladly furnished. Hydraulic Pressure Medium Use of D.T. Light Oil (mineral base) or other flammable oils as hydraulic media in the operation of pressurei/.ed systems in the vicinity of open flames or metallic surfaces heated to elevated temperatures has resulted in substantial jwoperty damage and also serious burns including loss of 15 0222062 TOWOLDMONOQ26683 life an a result of fire. Zinc and aluminum alloy die-rasting machines ami hydraulic mechanisms used to operate doors and other equipment around industrial furnaces are excellent examples of operations where it is prudent to use a noncuutbustihlc hydraulic medium for safety reasons. Some of these systems ojKrate under pressures as high as 2000 pounds |>cr square inch. When a line ruptures under these conditions, the hydrualic medium is emitted in the form of a spray or a fine mist over a wide area. Such a mist presents un usual requirements with reference to the non* combustible qualities of the hydraulic medium. For safety under these conditions, it is essential that the oil must have a relatively high oxygen requirement in order not to support combustion when impinged on a iiot inctal surface or when in contact with fire. Ability to fulfill this requirement is not adequately reflected merely by the factors that an oil does not possess a flash point, and a fire point in conjunction with a high spontaneous ignition temperature. Spray flammability to a large degree seems to be a separate consideration. Tests conducted by the Navy indicated that high boiling liquids requiring more than approximately 45 percent oxygen in the spray flammability tests failed to cause a fire in the incendiary firing tests also conducted by the Navy. The percent of oxygen requirement for Aroclor 1248 combustion in the spray' flammability limit study was established at 64 percent. This result firmly establishes the nonflammable and nonconibustible qualities of Aroclor 1218 and in this respect strongly recommends Aroclor 1248 as au unusually safe hydraulic medium. Other desirable qualities of Aroclor 1248 for this specific use arc its extremely high order of stability tinder healing and pressure, lubricating qualities, noncorrosiveness, moisture resistance and relative freedom from odor. Aroclor 1248 is used commercially in centralized sine and aluminum die casting systems. Such installations may involve o{>eration with as much as 2000 gallons of Aroclor 1248 distributed to about 15 die *casting machines. Under proper operating conditions the Aroclor make-up in the system is very low. Normal operating tempera tures of the hydrualic medium may be in the range of 70 to 120F. Centralized systems utilize piston-type pumps and an accumulator is used for smooth operation. In some instances, Aroclor 1248 is used in combi nation with a high lubricity oil in the proportions of 20 gallons of Aroclor and not more titan one gallon of the oil. The hydraulic medium is kept clean and free of suspended particles by passage through a centrifugal or by filtering it through a properly prepared bed of Attapulgus earth. Aroclor 1248 is also used in individual or unit die casting systems usually equipped with vane-type pumps. Frequently these individual die-casting machines have built-in filters. However, if the machine is not already provided with a filter, either a portable or permanent filter should be provided in order to keep the hydraulic medium clean. FIG. 6 Liquid Heating Medium Aroclors 1242, 1218 and 1254 are used as a circulating heating medium with great success. Good circulation and a well designed heating sys tem are necessary to prevent local overheating of the Aroclor heating medium. Aroclor 1248 is rcc- 16 0222063 TOWOLDMONOQ26684 omniended for universal use up to 315C (600F) because of its fluidity at low temperatures and its nonflammability. In processes where a cooling cycle must also be introduced, provision can be easily made for shunt ing circulating Aroclor through a water cooled beat exchanger, thus employing one medium for both healing and cooling. In special cases, Aroclors 1242 and 1254 can be substituted for the Aroclor 3248. If extremely* low* outside temperatures are encountered, the less vis cous Aroclor 1242 can be used, but it has the disad vantage of being flammable above 330C (626F). Higher temperatures up to 325C (617F) can be attained in the heating medium if Aroclor 1254 is used. Provision can easily be made for warm ing the Aroclor after a shut-down so that it can be pumped. Design for a simple, effective liquid Aroclor heat ing system for small unit operations is available aud described in Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-130. LUBRICATION Air Compressors The presence of oil, oil vapors or mixtures of oxygen and oil fractions in the discharge lines and receivers of air compressors presents a constant hazard which needs only a particle of hot carbon to create a serious explosion. This problem has been solved by* engineers of one large user of this typo equipment by employing Aroclor 1254 as the internal lubricant for high compression air compressors. Their experience with more than 15 high-pressure compressors of various types is reported in the American Machinists Magazine, Septcmtar 28, 1914. This use of Aroclors is described in Monsanto Technical Bul letin No. P-128. Cutting Oils Aroclors are used commercially in high quality cutting oils of the "straight" oil and "soluble" oil types. High Temperature The heat-resisting, nonflammable characteristics of the Aroclors make them attractive as lubricants under conditions of high temperature, as, for ex ample, in governor systems of central power sta tions. Aroclor 1248 is well suited to this application. Straight Aroclor 1254 gave excellent results on a roller bearing test operating at 255o-260F with much less carbonization or decomposition than the usual spindle oil under the same conditions. Extreme Pressure It is a well accepted hypothesis in the lubrication industry that by the addition of certain elements such as chlorine, sulfur and others in the proper form to a lubricating oil, a certain chemical com bination takes place with the iron or steel metal bearing surfaces. These surface compositions tend to prevent seizure of the rubbing surfaces under extreme loads and under which loads, if the sole lubricant were a pure mineral oil, seizure or scor ing w'ould result at once through film failure. As an extreme pressure (E. P.) lubricant base added to a petroleum hydrocarbon oil in amounts up to approximately 15% by weight, Aroclors 1248 and 1254 materially increase the load-carry ing properties without reducing the viscosity of the resulting composition. These Aroclors repre sent one of the more adequate carriers for the element chlorine as an extreme pressure base, possessing the following advantages: 1. Stability. They are stable, even at higher temperatures, which permits neither separation of components nor appreciable change in physical or chemical properties during long periods of operation and should not cause continued chem ical action on metal parts except the particular chemical metal surface combination which is nec essary to effect high load-carrying capacities. 2. Non-volatile. Many other types of chlorine bearing compounds are so volatile as to render them unfit for long periods of service because of the eseajMi of the elements from the lubricant. The Aroclors arc non-volatile at normal temperatures. 17 022206A TOWOLDMONOQ26685 / 3. Non-oxidizing. Aroclors do not oxidize or thicken up to an objectionable degree. 4. Non-corrosive. Aroclors are non-corrosive toward metal surfaces. 5. Non-abrasiw. Aroclors exert no abrasion on the machined surfaces. 6. Non-hydrolysis. Aroclors do'not hydrolyze in the presence of water, thus avoiding the genera tion of hydrochloric acid. 7. Compatibility. Aroclors are completely misci ble with mineral oils. 8. Color. Aroclors do not darken or change the color of the lubricating oil. Submerged Lubrication tinder conditions of lubrication subjected to expo sure to water displacement such, for example, as lubrication of bridge rollers, a heavicr-thanwatcr lubricant can be prepared from mixtures of Aroclor and oil, of which the following are typical examples: uyMix Aroclor No. Oil* 1218 Pour Point Gravity at 15.5C ) 50 50 0F 1.1263 2 25 75 +5F 1.2703 Bright Stock: Gravity API 22*23 Approx. lhs./gal. 9.4 10.6 Viscosity 210 F--160 Savbolt Sees. Color ASTM--7-8 ' Flash Point--515F Pour Point--15F GASKETS AND PACKING MATERIALS Particular!) in the use of Aroclors at elevated temperatures, as encountered in Aroclor heattransfer installations, and to a lesser extent m the use of Aroclors us hydraulic media careful selec tion of gasket ami packing materials is required. Hot Aroclors plasticize and swell "rubber** materials including llxcur P, Koroscul. lVrtmnun and Neoprene. Although materials of this type are used as gaskets in vertinn Aroclor installa tions, careful consideration must be given them in light of expected ojicrating condition to ussurc that satisfactory jtcrfbrmance will be obtained. Thiokol is not attacked by Aroclors at ordinary temperatures but cannot be recommended for use with Aroclors at elevated temperatures. This is apparent from the following temperature ranges indicating the maximum temperature heyond .which various types of Thiokol are not stable: Thiokol Type A............. 150 to 200F. max. Thiokol Type FA........... 150 to 200F. max. Thiokol Type ST........... 250 to 300F. max. Resistoflex, polyvinyl alcohol, resists attark by Aroclors but since this polymer is soluble in water, its consideration for practical use involves drastic limitations where water or moisture must be considered. Silastic (Dow Coming's Silicone 180) is remark ably resistant to deterioration from contact with hot Aroclors and is suggested for gaskets. The following change in physical properties wrere noted when Silastic was immersed in Aroclor for seventy hours at 150C. 1. Hardness was lowered about 20 points. 2. Elasticity was improved several points. 3. Practically no change in tensile strength. 4. An appreciable increase in the ultimate elongation. Teflon (duPont's poly tetra fluoroethylene) is not attacked by hot Aroclor (130C.) and is to be recommended as a gasket materia). So far attempts to make Teflon diaphragms for valves have not been very successful in some cases because the Teflon seems to lack the desired flexibility. It is indicated that leather gaskets and leather packing compositions are satisfactory for use with Aroclors. Frequently, thin sheets of aluminum are used satisfactorily as gaskets at flanged joints. Garlock Packing Company's No. 7021, J/jj inch asl>cstos fiber sheet is used at the flange connec tions in several of Monsanto's Aroclor heatexchange units. Garlock's braided No. 117 packing is used in the valves and Oarlock's No. 231 ma terial is used for packing the Aroclor pumps. Also, Durametallic Corporation's Type B-7 Dura Plastic is used as packing for Aroclor pumps. It is also understood that Garlock No. k(l and Chevron No. 7050-C materials are satisfactory as 18 0222065 TOWOLDMONOQ26686 parking. Likewise Duramrtallie's Spiral Asbestos Fiber may he used. Doubtless, Johns-Manville and others have comparable parking materials which would be suitable. The following materials are being used satisfac torily as pi|>e thread compounds in Aroelor units: 1. Plastic Lead Seal. DurametallicCorporation. 2. Ordinary white lead. 3. Glyptal No. 2, General Electric Company. DERMATOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Skin patch tests with a polyvinylchloride free film plasticized with 11.5 percent by weight of Aroelor 1254 (about 25 per cent based on the weight of the vinyl resin) and a similar amount of dioctyl phthalate showed that this film was not a pri mary irritant or a sensitizer. Also, skin patch tests on Aroelor 1254 alone applied to gauze and placed in contact with the skin showed no primary irritancy or sensitization. Other skin patch tests using canvas coated with Aroelor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin, in such a manner that the Aroelor concentration in the paint film on the fabric was about 17 percent by weight of paint solids and the finished coated fabric contained approximately seven percent by weight of Aroelor 5460 showed that this painted fabric did not produce primary irritancy or sen sitization of the skin. If Aroclors arc spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual manner with soap solu tions. If accidental burns occur from contact with hot Aroclors, the burn should be treated the same as any ordinary hum. Aroelor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately unless treatment of the burn demands it. in which ease use soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil. At ordinary temperatures Aroclors have not pre sented industrial toxicological problems. If Aroclors arc used at elevated temperatures such as 200or 300 C. in open systems, methods must be designed to exhaust any vapors arising from these open systems. This applies especially to lower chlorinated Aroclors where experimental work on animals indicates that the maximum safe concentration of vapors in workrooms is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 milligrams per cubic meter of air. In the case of more highly chlorinated Aroclors such as Aroelor 1268, the allowable limit is about 10 milligrams per cubic meter of air and accord ingly, Aroclors of this type arc believed to be of a much lower order of toxicity. Where Aroelor vapors may be encountered in workrooms, local exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust is recommended. 19 02120bb TOWOLDMONOQ26687 SUGGESTED USES FOR AROCLORS In PLASTICS, PIGMENTS, LACQUERS, PAINTS, VARNISHES and WAXES The Aroclors are compatible with most of the common plastics materials (see compatibility table on this page). The degree of flexibility imparted by the Aroclors diminishes progressively in the order of liquid Aroclor -- soft resin -- hard resin. The hardness of the resulting compositions increases in the same order. Usually a satisfactory balance between flexibility and hardness can be obtained either by selecting the Aroclor of proper physical characteristics or by using a mixture of two or more Aroclors. Compatibility With Various Materials Asphalt........................................................ C Benzyl Cellulose......................................... C Carnauba Wax............................................ C Cellulose Acetate........................................ I Cellulose Aceto Butyrate........................... C Chlorinated Rubber................................... C Coumaronc and Indcne Resins................. C Dammar Resin........................................... C Ester Gum.................................................. C Ethyl Cellulose........................................... C Manila Gum............................................... I Nitrocellulose.............................................. C Paraffin........................................................ C Phenolic Resins...........................................Varies.* Polystyrene Resins..................................... C Polyiso-Butvlenc........................................ C Rosin........................................................... C Rubber........................................................ C Sulfur.......................................................... C Styrcne-Butadicnc Co-polymcrs............... C Vinyl Resins............................................... C C -- Indicates compatibility to a degree sufficient to be of value. I -- Indicates incompatibility. * Not compatible in Anal stage. ETHYL CELLULOSE The Aroclors are very compatible with ethyl cel* lulosc, the liquids imparting great flexibility and the resinous products great hardness. 75 parts by weight of Aroclor 1242 with 100 parts of ethyl cellulose produces great flexibility and just a slight tackiness. Aroclor 5460 in the same propor* tion produces a very hard and somewhat brittle composition. Aroclor 4465 produces hard films which are not brittle at ordinary temperature. For coatings of high gloss and exceptional weatli* ering qualities to be applied to rigid surfaces, compositions containing equal parts by weight of Aroclor 5460 and ethyl cellulose are suggested. If greater flexibility is required, one of the softer Aroclors should be used, either alone or as a replacement for part of the Aroclor 5460 and the proportion of Aroclor should be decreased. A typical formula is as follows: Ethyl Cellulose....................................... 15% Aroclor 1260............................................ l5% Toluene.................................................... 56% Butanol.................................................... 14% GRAPHIC ARTS 100% The Aroclors are used as vehicles for carrying pigments employed in glass decoration. When the decorations have been applied and the glass is fired, the Aroclors volatilize without carboniza tion and thus avoid discoloration of the glass. Aroclors 1254 and 4465 are used. Aroclor 4-165 is a useful resin for compounding rotogravure inks. 20 0222067 (l TOWOLDMONOQ26688 A mimeograph ink suitable for use on bond paper contains the following ingredients: Aroclor 4465........................................... 40% Lubricating Oil (SUV 3200 @ 100F).. 35% Paraffin Oil (SUV 76 <, 100F).......... 20% Carbon Black......................................... 4% Oil Soluble Dye...........................................1% Aroclor 4465 may also be used in the preparation of imitation gold leaf. A thin coating of the Aroclor is applied hot to one side of paper. While it is still hot, bronze powder is spread upon the coating. The bronze powder adheres to the Aroclor completely covering the paper. This product is used in making the "gold leaf' letters on books, etc. The paper treated with Aroclor and bronze powder is placed upon the book binding. A hot die is pressed upon it. The Aroclor softens and sticks the bronze to the binding and forms a coat ing over it to protect it from tarnishing. IMPREGNATION The Aroclors may be used to impregnate cloth, paper, wood or asbestos in order to impart mois ture and gas resistance, adhesion, insulating prop erties, alkati or other chemical resistance, flame resistance, or lubricating qualities. For this type of work they are used in combinations with other materials such as waxes, inorganic pigments, asphalt, tars, aluminum stearate, sulphur, etc., in order to obtain exactly the physical character istics desired for the specific purpose. Aroclors 3254, 4465 and 5460, or the corresponding darkcolored products, are suggested as most applicable. Wood impregnated hy vacuum-pressure method with the following mixture: Aroclor 4165...................................... 70% Macrocrystalline Wax....................... 20% Sulfur..................................................10% is definitely tougher, harder and more moisture resistant than untreated wood. This coating is very resistant to acids and alkalies hut will he attacked by aromatic, aliphatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons. The surface is not appreciably dis colored and can he painted. Various degrees of hardness and adhesion can he obtained hy vary ing the Aroclor: wax: sulfur ratio. MOISTURE PROOFING For use as moisture proof coatings on wood, paper, concrete and brick, the Aroclors are best com bined with waxes, especially paraffin or carnauba, oils such as mineral oil or drying oils, and syn thetic resins including modified alkyds, phenolics, chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, styrcnc-butadiene co-polymcrs, ethylccllulose, cellulose aceto butyrate, benzyl cellulose or vinyl resins. Selec tion of materials for use in combination with Aroclors will depend on the end use requirements of the specific application. The simplest compositions contain only Aroclor and paraffin. A moisture proofing compound com posed of 96% (by weight) of Aroclor 5460 and 4% of paraffin (melting point 54C) has an ASTM soft ening point of about 82 C and is very efficient. Substituting Aroclor 4465 for Aroclor 5460 pro duces a compound with a softening point of about 58C. Softening point and viscosity when melted may be further decreased by using mixtures of Aroclors. For example, a composition containing 40% of Aroclor 1260, 56% of Aroclor 5460 and 4% of paraffin will be very soft at ordinary temperatures. Increased proportions of paraffin will also pro duce softer compounds. PIGMENT Aroclor 1270 is a hard, white crystalline product of high melting point, insoluble in most solvents, resistant to chemicals and to oxidation. When ground to a fine powder it makes an excellent organic pigment for use with the various plastics. It may' be used alone or with conventional pigments. PAINTS AND VARNISHES The Aroclors arc soluble in paint and varnish oils and impart properties corresponding to the phys ical character of the particular Aroclor. The hard resinous Aroclors lend to give increased hardness to the films while the viscous resins impart flexibility. 21 0222068 TOWOLDMONOQ26689 The Aroclors do not react chemically with oils, hence there is no advantage in heating together in making a varnish. They arc best added as a "chill back** or as a cold cut in the thinning operation. As far as incorporation of the Aroclors is con* cerncd, the only reason for heating is to make the Aroclors liquid so that they can he readily mixed with the oils. Aroclors 4465 and 5460 will produce paints that are very quick drying and yet have excellent durability. Tiic weight of Aroclor used should he from 30% to 50% of the weight of the oils. Aroclor 1260 is best for short oil varnishes that are required at the same time to be flexible. The Aroclor may be considered to play the same role as oil, with the difference that it does not oxidize and lose its flexibility on exposure. Resins of the alkyd, phenolic or ester gum type, or a harder Aroclor such as 5460, may be used in making varnish formulations. Jt is suggested that for two parts by weight of oil. one part of Aroclor 1260 and one part of other resin be used. These pro portions can be varied as required. The Aroclors impart water and alkali resistance and in these qualities enhance the value of the other resins used in the varnish. Aroclors arc excellent grinding and disj>ersig media for pigments used in paints and varnishes. Aroclor 1254 is used to disperse aluminum powder in a paste form which can hr incorporated easily into paints and varnishes. The Aroclor imparts excellent leafing qualities, brightness or luster and docs not tarnish the aluminum pigment on aging. Moreover, the composition does not support com bustion. perature being below the melting point of the Aroclor, the latter is dispersed through the mass of rubber and acts as an efficient flame reducer. This same procedure can be used with synthetic rubbers to impart fireproofness. From 5% to 25% of Aroclor 1270 based on the weight of the resin is required. Aroclor 1262 is recommended as a plasticizer for crepe rubber resin in paint compositions. Used in concentrations of 5% to 50%, based on the w'eight of the rubber resin, it increases the gloss and alkali resistance of the film and increases its ad hesiveness toward steel. Aroclor 1268 used at a level of about three pounds per 200 pounds of Neoprene has excellent working qualities as a plasticizer at 225-325F. in injec tion moldings. MODIFIED RUBBER FINISHES Chlorinated rubber (Parlon) and copolymers of styrene-butadiene (Pliolite S-5) are used widely as protective and decorative coatings for concrete and masonry structures, steel structures, railway tank and gondola cars, wood and metal maritime equipment. Aroclor 1254 is used as a plasticizer and Aroclor 5460 is used as a resin fortifier in these coatings which are used where flatnc resistance, corrosiou resistance, chemical resistance, i.e., resistance to acids, alkalies and water and good electrical insu lating properties arc required. The use of Aroclors in making these protective coatings is described in Monsanto Technical bul letin No. P-121. "Aroclors as Used in Chlorinated Rubber", and Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-126, "Aroclors as Used in Pliolite S-5". RUBBER AND RUBBER SUBSTITUTES The liquid Aroclors. 1221. 1232. 1212 and 1218 have a strong plasticizing action on rubber, both natural and synthetic. Aroclors 1251 ami 1260 re milled into rubber in order to impart perma nent tackiness and adhesion. A small amount of Aroclor 1260 added to hard rubber acts as a plasticizer ami reduces the brittleness. Aroclor 1270, being a hard crystalline material of high melting point, can be ground to a powder nd then milled into rubber. The milling (cm- VINYL RESINS The Aroclors are compatible with all the vinyl resins and are used mainly as co-plasticizers with tricresyl phosphate, dioctyl phlhalate, dihutyl phthalatc and other plasticizers for vinyls to im part good plasticizing action, chemical and corro sion resistance and excellent electrical properties at a substantia) reduction in cost. This use of Aroclors is descriltcd in Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-131, "Aroclors as CoPlastieizcrs for Polyvinylchloride" and Technical Bulletin No. P-131, "Aroclor 1254 Cn-Plaslicizcr with OOP for Vinyl Organosols and Pastes." 22 0222069 TOWOLDMON0026690 Aroclor plasticizers arc very attractive for use with dioctyl phthalutc in preparin'; organosols, plastiaoU or pastes of vinyl plastics used for making free films, textile coatings and coatings for paj>er. In many of these applications the fire-resistant quality of Aroclors is important. Also, the Aroclors serve as excellent media for grinding ami dtspersing the pigments used. It is interesting to note that the vaporization rates of Aroclors, especially Aroclors 1254 and 1260 which are the most widely used members of the Aroclor family in the vinyl plasticizer field, com pare most favorably with the similar constants of other commonlv used vinvl plasticizers. (See Table VII, Page 14.) ` It is also important to note that a free film made up of poly-vinyleldoridc containing 11.5 percent by weight of Aroclor 1254 and a similar amount of dioctyl phthalutc along with standard white pig ments was found free from irritating or sensitizing the skin in accordance with commonly used skin patch tests. Moreover, similar studies made with Aroclor 1254 alone indicate that this plasticizer is neither a skin irritant nor sensitizer. While tins indicates safety in using Aroclor 1254, the use of the plasticizer is not suggested for such items as bahy pants or other items that are intimately in contact with the skin. Another excellent use for Aroclors in vinyl plastics is in the preparation of adhesives. The Aroclors impart outstanding adhesive qualities and give good resistance against water and corrosive in fluences. Moreover, the Aroclors are resistant against organism attack and when used in com bination with other properly selected ingredients, vinyl adhesives can he prepared which strongly resist attack by organisms. NITROCELLULOSE COATINGS The Aroclors function both as plasticizers and resins ami may he used alone with the nitro cellulose or in combinations with other plasti cizers or resins. The\ impart weather resistance, luster, adhesion and decreased burning rate. Their excellent electrical characteristics (high dielectric strength and resistivity and low power factor) and their projMTty of retarding the passage of moisture and gases through nitrocellulose, chlorinated rub ber, and other similar plasties- films make the Aroclors of special value in coatings for electrical insulating materials. The accompanying trilinear diagrams show the practical compatibility limits of Aroclors 1254 and 1262 when iiscd in conjunction with some other resins and plasticizers. Aroclor 1260 gives values almost the same as those shown for 1262. The less viscous Aroclors have greater and the more res inous Aroclors less computihilitv than for those shown, (See trilinear diagrams that follow.) To illustrate the differences possible to obtain by changes in formulation, three formulas are given below'. All have excellent durability but the third is much softer and more flexible than the other two. Only the solids contents are given. The amounts tabulated arc parts by weight. Aroclor Lacquers No. 1 second Nitrocellulose (dry)1 100 Dammar resin....................... 80 Ester Gum............................. -- Aroclor 1260. .................. .... 20-39 Dibutyl Plithalate................ 20- 0 Tricresvl Phosphate............. -- No. 2 100 -- 80 20 20 -- No. 3 100 -- -- 80-70 -- 39-70 No. 1 and No. 2 have excellent sanding and polishing qualities. No. 3 is very flexible but too soft for sanding. Where extremely high flexibility is desired, as for example in lacquers for high tension automotive cables, the following composition is suggested: 15 -- 20 sec. R. S. Nitrocellulose....................... 100 parts hy weight Tricresyl Phosphate............. 120 parts hy weight Aroclor 1242......................... 80 parts hy weight WAXES The use of Aroclors to extend or substitute Carnanha W ax and reduce the cost of the wax formu lation is described in Bulletin No. P-132. This bulletin gives several practical formulas using Aroclors in wax blends possessing the qualities of Carnauhu Wax for automobile, wood, leather and Imolcum polishes. Selected Aroclors such as 5160 used in conjunction with various waxes make excellent impregnating compounds for furniture drawers, etc., to prevent sticking. Resinous Aroclors used in combination with waxes make excellent and incx|N*nsivc scalers for concrete and masonry surfaces, wood, fiber board and paper produets. 23 022207 TOWOLDMONOQ26691 DIAGRAMS SHOWING PRACTICAL COMPOSITION OF LACQUERS USING AROCLORS 1254 AND 1262 In the trilincar diagram* the compositions, represented hv any point in the unshaded areas, are those which produce homogeneous lacquer films. On the other hand compositions represented by points in the shaded areas produce impractical, segregated, brittle or soft films. For detailed information as to the derivation and use of these diagrams reference is made to the following articles: Jfllkilts & Foster, "Compatibility Ht'lalioiiithip* cf the Aroclors in Nitrocellulose lacquers," Ind, Eng. Chem. 23. 1362 (1931). Hofmann & licit). "Graphical Method* in Lacquer Technology." 1ml. Eng. Ctiem. 20, 431 (1926); "Formulation of Nitrocellulose lacquers,*' Ind. Eng. Chem. 20, 687 (1928). For combinations where the resin is Ester Cum or Ambcrol and where the Aroclor is Aroclor I2.` I or Aroclor 1262. 24 0ZZZ071 TOWOLDMONOQ26692 ' Practical Composition of Lacquers using Arociors 1254 and 1262 --(c.nllnued) Arorlor 1260 may le suhntilutetl without material change. plilhiilic anh>lriile*glveerol type ami where the ArtH'lor is Aroelor 12.')!. 25 0222012 TOWOLDMONOQ26693 26 0222073 TOWOLDMONOQ26694 ran 4-43-71 Other Literature on Arocior Applications Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-115 THE AROCLOBS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-124 AROCLORS AS USED IN CHLORINATED RUBBER Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-126 AROCLORS AS USED IN PLIOLITE S-5 Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-128 AROCLOR -- INCOMBUSTIBLE LUBRICANTS USED IN HIGHPRESSURE COMPRESSORS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-130 AN INDIRECT HEATER FOR UNIT CONTROL OPERATIONS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-131 AROCLORS AS CO-PLASTICIZERS FOR POLYVINYLCHLORIDE Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-132 AROCLORS AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-134 AROCLOR 1254 CO-PLAST1CIZEK WITH DOP FOR VINYL ORGANOSOLS AND PASTES Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-137 AROCLOR--A NOXFLA M \1 A BLE HYDRAULIC FLUID FOR DIE-CASTING SYSTEMS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-138 AROCLOR 1254 LUBRICANT AND PLASTICIZER IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER DRAPERIES 27 PRINTED IN U. S. A. 0Z2*07'* TOWOLDMONOQ26695 The information contained in this booklet has been obtained from sources which we believe to be reliable and dependable, but we cannot guarantee the correctness of the same or be responsible for any loss or damage that results from the use of such information. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST. LOUIS, MO. DISTRICT SALES OFFICES NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON BIRMINGHAM CHARLOTTE CINCINNATI CLEVELAND DETROIT PHILADELPHIA LOS ANGELES SAN FRANCISCO MONTREAL TOWOLDMONOQ26696