Document M45R5Zp0EeDRmjbMwB9ZBpwQk

\ * f JIRESj CERAMIC ABSTRACTS I Compiled by The American Ceramic Society c.Ross Puxsy, Editor Mjuly J. Rocum \ Assistants E*clt C. Vax Sesoies Dotorsr J. Tmn on Publications: JjD. Sctimw, Chairman. R. G. Covtak. T. A. Suxxrc.nx. R. F. Snxwooo. R. C. Pvksy Volume 15,1936 Absfractcn: Abde Ally, J. B. Austis. A. A. Avars. Rudolf Barca. M. H.Berns. Arthur Bevan. L. T. BrownmiUer. W. H. Brudoser. Peter Budrrikoff and . Siefar.owjky, J. C. Chaatoe, P. T. Clark. W. M. Cohn. M. V. Condoide. Maurice Delangre. R. W. Devillers, A. H. Emery, W. F. Figee. V*. D. Foster, J.'L. Gallup, J. D. Gat, Max Haneabdm, M. J. Hatisman, F. G. Heck. R. A. Reindl, E. B. Hewitt, G. M. Hutt. Herbert Insley, C. B. Jesni, Seiji Rondo. E. H. McClelland. S. I. Perkal. F. P. Peters. G. M. Petersen, C. J. Phillips, J. G. Phillips. R. H. H. Pierce, Jr,, Alexis Pincus. R. F. Rea, Katherine Reed, F. Resaud. H. K. Richardson, 1L VI. Ryan. A. B. Searle. M. C. Shaw, G. R. Shelton. K. E. Simpson. A. P. Sons. J. H. Stesgerwald, H. H. Stephenson. B. H. Strom. L. E. Thies*. Gilbert Thiessen. E. J. Vachuska, F. E. Vaerewyck, J. M. Warde. F. J. Zvanut. <' Editorial Office: 2525 North High Street. Columbus. Ohio. Publication Office: 20th and Northampton Streets. Easton, Fa. i VoL IS, N>*4 1936 General 49 *. Humidity^* r** *" di*in<tcr widered to cauie silicosis tic charges; 46 so larger oa are able to cater tbe tiny air sacs of ae buildup ofij .be tea**)* W aeral composition of the dust whh Quart* J-L.C -be danctrous constituent. and (4) length of time exposed osde. R,'^ ^ (be dust. A rating of tbe health hazards of a particular 6 (3-128] Thj, can be made only titer considering tbe physical coa stals of MgO m *tioes the plant, tbe processes aad materials, duties of Kill. Tbe Tbe employees, their previous medical aad occupational sealing m. Ti*j Rories, tbe four exposure factors listed, and the medical 8 1` 1' X' ` " ^nHrrr 06 employees. Tbs last should iadude a thor- raate 0 to 100^ eefb history and rumination of the chest, with stereo- some up to 3 xX\ vopk X-ray films. Medical methods of prevention in* .rent to X ja&t preimployment examinations wifch chest films, pe- refractioa duea -irfr* frmi"*tT^" with chest films, and placement of em- to attack by 6t Joyces according to the results 'of these etarmnitioas. Z), lead (1050*^ xgjjseering prevention includes dust analyses 1100*0. but * n1wig the efficiency of protective devices, and comparing tched tbe turla^ be information gained with the established miteria. The to penetraticnM protection used may take the form of protection for indi- *. J.L.G:- ndnal employees or of control of the dost particles. The Festory Mensj^ -easorement of the remaining hazard is not concerned 35).--Q_ uality uli what the protective devices take away but rather with crives tstnfinrrj-f whit remains for the worker to breathe. Illustrated. processes wbexu| . n Is needed. Tb Steel prepares to meet new opportunities. V. G. bjeetive of quafiQ lots. Nation't Business, p. 22 (March, 1934).--Numer- where and whirs <ns examples of the applications of stainless steels, sheet inspecting them Reels, and improved welding methods are gives, and it is . (7) layout of `town how these advances have lead the steel industry, elation. (9) o ;be business barometer, back toward better times. ions of mspeeti& / ,, P.T.C. JX-Gw * Views on ttfifosia. W. E. Cooxx. Jovr, Eypene, 35 .r. Btll. Am*. 2: 207-18 (1935).--It is tiaimed that the consensus of "pinion is that the chemical action of free silica plays istry. J. G. Via, *Ae major part m the production of sfljcosts. The theory classification of so rm. water contest le following appB.d: (1) defioccuiw jf, fritted enamels, .tioa of glazes. (5) nanufacture of m silicate--" Ceram. F.G.H. :{ ft*. R. Jones that seriate and not free sSica is the cause :-f silicosis is discredited. The size of the particles is im- ronant only on account of their effect on the solubility. Sharp and angular particles do not necessarily cause res* rratorv disability. Pneumonoconiasis from asbestos may > due to the liberation of free silica from solution of as- or$tos is tissue fluids. No explanation is given for the im- sanity from silicosis of some workers under adverse eon- tiuens. GJIJL. iamKCTOK. Fat ] 291-92 (1935).- BOOKS hygienist, defies Ceramic Data Book and Catalog!. 8th ed. Industrial srmal, elastic lust hiblications, Inc.. Chicago. 1935. 33Q pp. No charge. -sue brought about THj edition carries 80 pages of well-illustrated advertise- ie particles of fits neats, each of which contains informational matter of ime. This SbroS "-due to every ceramist. These 80 pages of advertising ecrease in lung ex tuberculosis. N** are the hairs in tte ice of the lining sf ilia or microscope re not by any means of small value; they are sources of ^formation. There are 44 'pages devoted to a review of literature with bibliographies on enamel, whiteware. **. refractories, and structural clay products and pro action. There are 130 pages devoted to a compilation s. The seconds*? - tables, charts, definitions, and data which are frequently tem which acts * ^d. Forty-fire pages are devoted to ceramic raw mate :r exposure facta* rials. Eleven pages are devoted to formulas and ealcula- arc (1) the conctf* **ens. While some of the material of this eighth edition s per cubic foot d `f'Pears in the previous editions, a great deal of it is new, krk-s under ten tnr ^oging the information up to date. This has charac terized all previous editions, making of these twit-* valu able and fairly exhaustive reference works oa ceramics. Rom C. Pvxdy Ceramic Engineering (Ingemerfa Cerimica). T. W. Gajivz. Columbus, Ohio. 8 pp.. 11 figs. This small bulle tin discusses driers, kilns, etc- and is written for the seeds of the daywerker in Latin-American countries. It con tains an improved design of a chambered continuous especially suitable for the prevailing capacities and re quirements of the Spanish and Portuguese South. This kiln permits the firing of all structural and other ware, en abling flashing, salt-glazing, etc. An appendix contains a table of pyrometric cones and other vital dau relative to tbe conversion from the English to the metric (Spanish) system. T.tt'.C. Cb^mirt! Engineering Catalog. 20th wwi d. Reinhold Publishing Ccrp.. New York, 1935. 863 pp. Price 83.00. Tbe publishers have once more rendered valuable service to the industries in the issuance of this book. The technical and scientific book section of 50 pages is alone worth the price of this catalog. The many equipment aad instrument concerns have furnished 800 pages of condensed alphabetized aad indexed catalog, thus providing a handy reference book. It has a separate in dex of the laboratory aad reagent chemicals. Rom C. Ptaar Chemical Guide Book, 1935. Chemical Markets, , New York, 1935. 803 pp. Price 82.00. Reviewed in Ceram. Age, 26 \i) 159 (1935). F.G.H. Dynamic Economics. Theoretical and Statistical Studies of Demand, Production, and Prices. (Mono* graph of the Cowles Commission for Research in Eco nomics, No. 1). Cawtit Fudemcc Roos. Priacipia Press. Bloomington, lad., 1934. 275 pp. Price 83.50. A good general description of this book by the former Di rector-of Research and Planning of the NRA is found in' the fint sentence of his preface. "In 1929 I decided to refrain from publishing research papers in economics until I bad a sufficient number to justify tbe publication of a book which would relate these researches to each other and to my earlier papers." Unfortunately, R. has not quite succeeded in all he set out to do. for in spite of certain points of correlation between the chapters they remain a collection of research studies lacking in continuity and of uneven quality, the more mathematical ones being, in gen eral, superior to the others. This is partly due to the fact that, like Alfred Marshall whom he quotes, R. obviously thinks' 'much more easily in mathematics. . .than a En glish.** His test is not well finished and is sometimes wordy, as in the case of Chapter I. in which he takes 12 pages to develop the concept of "dynamic economics'* which must be dear to anyone who is competent to under stand what follows. There is also a tendency to overwork certain symbol; which occasionally leads to confusion. For example on page 196, reference is made to the letters A, B, and C without further comment except that they arc "described in the preceding chapter," which in turn seems to contain several lands of A '. B'%, and Cs. In regard to subject matter. R-, whose mathematical equipment is impressive and beyond question, has at tempted to provide a broad basis for economic theory and in so doing has made frequent excursions into highly ab* *rj Ceramic Abstracts Vot. l-'>. .\o. s lOM Jon Piss. Richaeo Pass. Bull. Amrr. Ceram. Six., u (61220-23(193*1). New regulations for mine police ia anthracite coal inis is Germany. SCHCXNANN. Ztnlr. Geieerbekyt. UnJaUser- kutunf, 22, 164 (Aug.-Sept., 1935).--S.. silicosis expert (Stems), comments os the sew regulations for raise* police {duekanf, p. 773 (1933)) is hard-coal areas (upper Breslau. Boon. Dortmund), showing emphatic instructions for the technical security of industrial workers, who must be safeguarded is every possible way from mechanical in juries, from customary illness, and from occupational dis eases. The campaign against silicosis through prevention of dust in boring operations is particularly provided for. '* K.R. Organization and work of laboratories for the study of ceramic materials ia Francs. XV. De Ksysee. Verre ar Silicates tnd., 7 [101 116-19 (1936).--The essential points of the organization of the Institute for French Ceramics and the Official Laboratory of the Syndicate of Manufac turers of Ceramic Products is France are discussed briefly. . M.V.C. Silicosis sad the minerals causing it E. L. Middleton arm W. R. Jokes. Foundry Trade Jour.. 52 (9691 191 92 (1933).--Silicosis was discussed before the Southern Section of the Institute of Vitreous Enameiers in London. M. (Medical Inspector of Factories) dealt with the disease itself and J. discussed the minerals which cause it H.E.S. Silicosis prevention is the porcelain industry. Hast* xann. Zentr. CewerbeJtyj. VnfaUeerkulun^ 22, 141-30 (Sepv. 1935).--Closely descriptive pages on : porcelain manufacture told in narrative sequence deserve a separate abstract The entire paper carefully translated would make good required reading for pottery amateurs or ce ramic apprentices. Dust dangers unload with the masses of raw material, rich in silica and its compounds. The worker may be safer by dampening down the dusts or socking it away at the point of origin. Here Hartmann, as engineer, asserts himself. Actual pictures are reproduced from boles, corners, floors, and ceilings, showing desirable and undesirable appliances and place-location of workers; ventilators below that should be above, or else la reterse activity. The 1934 protective reguiationsof the Engineer ing Insurance Assn, are submitted like solemn command- meats. Hartmann emphatically urges ceramic cleanli ness. Floors, machines, ceilings, the air Itself, can not be too often cleansed, scrubbed, wiped, polished, ventilated, or blown away, to suit bis ceramic-medical ideal. As he contemplates continuous droppings and scatterings from beginning to end of the work-cycle, arising and re-arising m ever finer and drier dust-clouds, whirling as in a dance of death, he almost shouts above the roar and clatter. "Ceramic dust is not Fate--it is criminal slovenliness.'* K.R. Swedish Commission visits Germany. Anon. Zenit. Geteerbekyg. Unfallverhutung, 22. 204 (Nov., 1935); also in Aertxl. Saekter. Ztg.. 41* 324 (Dec. 1. 1935).--A Swedish delegation from the Royal Insurance Society toured Ger many to study research methods and practical aspects of the current campaign against dusts causing silicosis. In Berlin. Dr. Bauer, the Reich's Labor Ministry's medical ad visor. spoke on "Damages sustained in severe silicosis." The group visited the University-Institute for Occupational Diseases, the State Porcelain Works, the Siemens Plant (sandblast-polishers), and the Berlin industries having a silicosis' risk (silica paint works and cosmetic and scouring powder manufacturers). Dr. Udluft. the geologist, talked on the minerals whose dusts cause silicosis and pointed our their occurrence ia the terrain around them. Prof. Jutten. Government Research Laboratory'for Industrial Diseases. Munster, reported his results on "Dust research upon cx- perimeatal animals.'* At the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Physiological Research in Dortmund. G. Lehmann dem- oastrated his work on the efficiency of the nose in dust filtration. At the Silicosis Symposium, ia sessioa at the Bochum mints, silicosis experts discussed the pathology and clinical course of silicosis and the miners' susceptibility to it in that region. In Dusseldorf Dr. Lochtkemper showed an X-ray series illustrating silicosis in its several phases and in different occupations. The ceramic indus- tries were studied in Frankfurt-am-Main, where siipware porcelain, technical appliances, and dentures are made. Silicosis is found among the Elb stone-workers. Dr. Brandt, industrial physician of the vicinity, and Prof. Saupe at their clinic reported on silicosis and asbestosis in Saxony. Dr. Stegmund. Kiel, spoke on his research on colloidal silicic acid. ICR. Training of a chemical engineer. R. K. Mcepky. Jour. Australian Gum. Inst.. 3 (4| 109-25 (1936),--American. European, and Australian methods are compared. ` -. H.H.S. What to do after the flood. G. A. Van Becnt. Factory Management a* Maintenance, 94 (4| 144-43. ad. p. 32 (1930).--Bearings should be emptied, silt cleaned out. and grease or oil removed with solvents. Motors and trans formers should be dried out and insulation checked by re sistance tests. Meters should be returned to the maker. Gears and transmission chains should be cleaned. Rubber and waterproof belts need only to be cleaned and the sur face dried. Leather belts must be cleaned and then dried very slowly under a coating of belt dressiog or oil. Foun dations, floors, and roofs should be checked and repaired where needed. Illustrated. See Ceram. Abs., tS III 46 (1936). J.L.G. Why tad how as engineer can help clay product* plants. Eenest W. Knapp. Bride Clay Ret., IS [41 147-48 (1936).--Many plant failures and inefficiencies are due to faulty design. The application of common sense, practi cal engineering skill to the remodeling and rebuilding of plants and equipment would- help imorove the quality of the ware and reduce costs now often exorbitant. K. cites personal remodeling of a drier to reduce eosts and secure better operation. The advantages of properly operated updraft kilns are also cited. E.J.V. NEW JOCENAL Annals of Science. (Quarterly.) Edited by D. McKjs. Haecouet Beoww, and H. W. Roeiksom. Taylor 3c Francis. London. Price 6s 3d. quarterly, or 1 per an* - num, post free. VoL l. No. I, Jan., 1936. Reviewed in Discovery. IT (194! ** (Feb., 1936).--This is i quarterly review of the history of science since the Renaissance. H.H.S. | I i 1 * ( j ' ' { 1 ' ; { 1 j I < j ' . I j i j New l Berate: Price 7s Techs Nat. Ce xvi 4-3.' 55 (IS! 3 ard Engl of gaseot fuel, sec scope ar and fluid gases, an those me construct gist. A ish Scanc .11 1936 General 349 am tiry. win- b* ) At X\MXf! v. I2S, J31s of naan a of ds A G. XUS 6).-- xaSy safer sable areaprobm of (doe. .T. i dS- son's v, p. .case ' atm its it* JSS of 4 per* The cntra* small sotu* of the 1 is a .rongh res in | 13. xylene ./mf* Hg.Ir, ractn* fled in ^ vitrified .materials. Esuaxo Rxmobx. in. CKm., 4,523-66 (1935); abstracted m Ciem. Zenlr^ ii, 421 (1936).--The relationship between the txaasfarma- tmo point and incipient softening oi vitrified materials was studied. See Cm. Ahr* U {10] 255 (1934). M.V.C. Stndies os aluminium oxide by "**" of electronic rays. E. BtLvz. Z. Pkysik, 100 (31 192-96 (1936).-- Wien alumina is exposed to eJtctronk rays, interference Sees ere obtained which allow ecnchaions to be drawn re* its structure. Two types of eltmiina were a* sained: (1) alumina made by an electrolytic oxidation, and (2) alumina made by the oxidation of metal fofi in a flame. Electrolytic alumina consists of a very finely cry** ttHine v-alumma. Alumina made m the fianM consists of the usual coarsely crystalline form with crystals of metafile ahsBmhxm interspersed m it. L.T3. System KtO-PbO-SlO*. R. F. Gellzx and E. K. Bonilso. Jour. Ruearck Sai. Bur. Stands 17 [2] 277r89 (1936); R3. 911. Price 54.--The system was invest:* . gated by means of well-known methods involving quench* me. petrographic examination, and heating curves. Five teruary compounds were identified optically in the system ExO-SiOr-FbO-SiOt, and the compositions of four of these were established. The first, crystallising as hexagonal plates with a melting point at 918*C, is **i*t negative, and the optic axis is perpendicular to the cleavage. The second, crystallising as well-defined fibers or laths, melt* mg at 779*C, and resembling a ihort-fibertd asbestos when mushed, has the optic axis parallel with the longitudinal ass. 'The third is positive biaxial and crystallises as rec tangular, platy granules of parallel extinction which melt at 757*C. The fourth is platy, melts mcongtucntly at 735*C, and is very unstable. The crystalline phase of un* determined composition apparently melts mcougruently at about 750*C to form glass Ad SiO*. Unfortunately, all the glasses examined (which otherwise held prTM"TM* of usefulness ss glazes) on beating Ad cooling .undergo vol ume chAges so great as to preclude their use on dayware ss now manufactured, with the exception of certain "high silica" Ad "high talc'* wall tile. R.A.H. Thermal decomposition ef kaolin Ad the compositions issuing from it under higher temperatures. O. F. Hokus. Siamo, p. 387 (1935). &3. noons Hydrofluoric Ad Fluesfiieic Adds Ad Their Metafile Saits:. Yah 24 (Flussaure, Eieselflusssatire uud derea Metafisaitxe). Ostajl Ltpxa. Eake's library of Chemistry Ad Technique. Edited by Ludwig Vtaiao. 433 pp. Reviewed in GiaiiriUU, 66 (20 ) 349 (1936); Sprtduaal, 69 (24] 352 (1936).--The following topics are discussed: (1) hydrofluoric add. its properties, formation. and preparation; (2) fluosflidc add, its properties end . production, and metallic sflicofluerides; (3) metallic fluorides Ad doable fluorides; (4) analysis of hydro, fluoric and fluosflidc add and their metallic salts; (5) uses of bydrofluorie Ad fluosflidc adds and their metallic salts. The last part deals with the use of these materials m the glass industry. Numerous patents ere mentioned. M.Y.C. Mkrogas Analyds Ad Its Application (Die Mfixogas- analyse und ihre Anwesdusg). Hxnoxor Scxwajlx. Emil Haim and Co.. Vienna Ad Leipzig, 1935. 286 pp. Price (paper) 21 Rm.; (linen) *2230 Rm. Reviewed m 2nd. Znt. CW, Nems Ed,, 13 (6] 116-17 (1935). F.CE. Theory of Zamldeus Ad Their Technical Treatment. Wn TiTam Claytoh. J. and A. Churchill. Loudon. 1935. 459 pp. Price 25s. Reviewed in Trans. Faraday Soe., 32 (6] 972 (1936).--The very large technical literature an cnrulrions-has been incorporated. There is a equally thorough treatmAt on colloid mills, homogenizes!. Ad the manifold devices used for dc etrial rffintioo. inversion ef emulriont, and multiple emulsions. G.R.S. patsstts Alkaline trisodium phoephata. Howaxs Asm (Victor Chemical Works). U. S. 2.050449, Aug. 11, 1936 (April 9.1934). Method of producing pcrsflicates of Increased stability with high contest ef hydrogen peroxide or active oxygen. F.Hxaxm. Brit. 452.144. Sept. 2.1936 (Dee. 15.1933). Process for suiting sodium alustisate. O. A. Ouxx. U. S. 2,052,486, Aug. 25,1936 (Feb. 5. 1934). A process for malting ahmtinate comprises y sodium hydroxide to a aqueous solution of alummum sulfate, adding substAtiafiy anhydrous alcohol, removing sodium sulfate from the alcoholic solution of sodium alumisate. Ad separating the aluntinate by distillation. Process of treating tine oxide. Bueo RxutKAjtn (Wil helm Grifio Handelsges. m.b.H.). U. S. 2,053449. Sept. 1, 1936 (June 20, 1934). The method of producing zinc oxide comprises vaporizing zinc metal by boiling in a ex ternally heated mufile, burning the vapors within a com bustion chamber in the presence of a quAtity of oxygen* containing gas sufficient to oxidize the vapors Ad to con vey the oxidized product to a precipitation zone. Ad simuliAeouily retarding the flow Ad the rate of cooling of the resultAt fumes within the range from 800 to 500*C. TreatmAt of clays, etc. William FeintXHXtMX*. U. S. 2.053429. Sept. 8. 1936 (Aug. 23. 1935). In the treatmAt of days, etc* to improve their color, the step comprises treating the day in the wet state with a soluble chromous salt. carletUi. .`tm. hod is a mix* o eases xample <epora* l.H. General Filtration of air in foundries. 0. Ts. Rowtnjg. <7tV* sera. 23 (12] 295-98 (1936).--The hygienic Ad economic fcarmfulaess of the dusts is foundries is pointed At. and mesas for removal by filtering or electrical precipitation Ad the respective advantage* of these methods are dis cussed. 1 M.H. Health hazards is industry. F. K. Fxatonby. Jour. Australian Cion. Inst., 3 (7] 199 (1936).--Most important of industrial hazards is inhalation of very fine dusts, es pecially siliceous dusts, although Pb attacks most dAger* ously on (he respiratory tract. Accident proneoess (25% of workers being is 75% of ecridAts) is noted. A bibli ography of the Australian Commonwealth Dept, of Health service publications on the subject is attached. H.H.S. The American Ceramic > Society l February 15,1993 - I hereby certify that the attached copies of Ceramic Abstracts, Volume 15,1936, are true and accurate copies, which maintained in the normal course of business at the American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081. Christine Schnitzer Product Manager Ceramic Information Center 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 43081-8720 614*890-4700 TWX: 7101109409