Document LppRJXknk0v2GZK1X8mawdx47
FILE NAME: Exxon (EXX) DATE: 1952 May 23
DOC#: EXX058
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Conference Panel Discussion - Cancer Industry - Standard Oil Med Research Division
m<MTHE COttECTIp^S
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CANCER IN INDOSTRM, A PANEL DISCUSSION F RIMM AETERNOON MAY A i , AT CORNELL UNIVERSrrM MEDICAL COLLC-E .
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STANDARD OIL W V . CO. MEDICAL RESEARCH DIVISION
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W illiam So Sm ith, MJ>
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Kay 1S23. 1952
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MEDICAI RSSEdRCF DIVISICI* BSS;> IsABOS&EOHlSS
SVA5DAED OIL DBVaOBiiaE! CQMPAIY
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BE BATC MH48EBB AHD GUSSXS?
She tiitS ? t h i s p a n el i s 11C areer i n Industry*1 Shat t i t l e covers a
vsry wide ranget since I t Ineiudoa not only occupation#! caneerc* hut also non-
ecavpaliouaX can cers in i n d u s t r i a l workers With h u t on& commentf 1 in te n d to
d ism iss th e su b jec t o nosv-ccupntione 1 csacor in in d u s tr ia l w orkers and confine
ssy rem arks to the s u b je c t o f o c c u p a tio n a l cancerc Ky comment on aans-ocoupationnl
oaacer in in d u s tria l workers i s sim ply th a t in an in d u stry w ith a good medical
department and m esta b lish e d program o f p erio d ic eseminations* an e x ce lle n t op
p o rtu n ity fo r e a rly e sa e sr d e te c tio n preccm ts i t s e l f Kaay w orkers a re com pletely
asym ptom atic a t th o tim e o f t h e i r p e rio d ic ex am in atio n s y e t more th a n 2/3 o f those
examined have so p h y s ic a l d e fe c t which has re q u ire d r e f e r r a l back to t h e i r own
p r iv a te p h y s ic ia n s fo r tre a tm e n t o r follawupo Among such de fa c te ,. n a t u r a l l y 5 n r s
& few cancers and pre^ecAcerotis lesio n s
Much h a s been w r itte n on th o s u b je c t o f o c c u p a tio n a l c an c e r w ith in th e
p a c t 3 to h years Some o f t h i s h a s boon fa c t* end some o f i t teas been p u rs fancy*
so th a t th e stu d en t o f th e su b je c t sometimes has g ro a t d i f f i c u l t y knowing ju s t what
th e s i t u a t i o n i n re g a rd to t h i s problem r e a l l y i s . I t i s my i n t e n t t h i s a fte rn o o n
to g iv e you a few f a c te which w i l l s t i c k w ith you end may h e lp to so lv e some o f the
q u e stio n s you may have on the s u b je c t
F ir s t o f a l l I ,?euld lik e to p o in t out th a t o ccu p atio n al cancer is not
a now d lssn s . I t was f i r s t d e sc rib e d among chimney swoops in 1771 by S ir P e re lv a l
F ett Although the c au sitlv e agent had not boon Id en tified * tha c lin ic a l observe^
t l e a s and c o r r e la tio n vri ih tho work h ic to r y d e f i n i t e l y i d e n t i f i e d t h i s o c cu p atio n
&s a s s o c ia te d w ith su o c c u p a tio n a l cau ecr h&zsrd The hr.car A i n t h i s one* was
f:
a s s o c ia te d w ith c o n ta c t w ith th e ecot o f th e chluncy0s which* you w i l l remember*
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1 FIRST GASES STUDIED
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REVIEW OFGSOJALLGTAASRES&OPFITCCAHUCGEASHCCOSRYSESUIHSOUA.S1. 0-YR, PERIOD
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SXEBRIMBHTAL STUDIES OH CAaClHOGjSHIC ACTIOS o r COAL TaR add p it c h
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1 FIRST CAUSERS I I EXPISttHENTAL ANIMALS 3.315
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A 0 LATER STUDIES CONFXBM CARCINOGENIC ACTION
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S . SIGNIFICANCE ~ FIRST EXPER2HEHTAL CANCER PRODUCED BY
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6 . SHORTEST LATENCY PERIOD FOR TAR CAHCER JH RATS - 1*00 DAYS 7 EFFECT OF DURATION OF TABBING ON CANCER IN MICE
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SLIM 6
M a th e r fcyps o f oecnp,viicua.l cancer which 1b w ell re c o g n ize d in th a t a s s o c ia te d w ith th e s u n n iu c tu re c-f c e r t a i n a n i l i n e dyoc* X do n o t in te n d to
on. th in s u b je c t clao e Sr-, flc^uigan w ill undoubtedly d is c u s s t b l e in d e t a i l for you* I t need only ho s a id th a t rp eriisen tal evidence in d ic a te s th a t a n ilin e i a c t tHs c& rcinogoaio agsr.t h u t ru b b e r b e n z id in e and hsi&~aiaphtbylami`.H
Another agent asso ciated w ith cancert e sp e c ia lly o f the skin, ie sunlight in work which re q u ire s th in d iv id u a l to he o u t- o f d o o rs a l l d ay } i t n ay w ell he considered as on occupational agent e R x illip ?.8 stu d ie s o f 1284 cases o f sk in cancer la & ie sa s H ospital c le a rly lllu r-tra tc s the Importance o f th is
(S lid e 7) I t i s to be n o te d th a t about 60$ o f th e se s k in c a a c s rs o ccu rred among farm ers o r ran ch ers and t h e i r wives* Xke im portance o f thi o b s e rv a tio n I s treaisndous in the southern s ta te e * where- th e in c id e n c e o f s k in cancer has been s a id to be $Q tim es What i t i s i n th e Chicago a r e a . I t i s a ls o o f g r e a t Im portance i n tko d i f f e r e n t i a l diagnosis o f occupational cancer because so sary southern in d u s tria l workers have $aXl p e rs o n a l fa m e which keep them out in th e eua d u rin g p r a c t i c a l l y a l l t h e i r hour o f f th e job* Thus ih a q u e stio n may a r i s e w hether a p a r t i c u l a r ek in cancer 1b due to sun expo cure or to exposure to a carcinogen. In industry*
In 1938 i t was re p o rte d from Germany th a t a h ig h in c id e n c e o f lung cancer had batm found among v o rk o rs in th e ohroiaium in d u stry * L i t t l e im portance m s a t tacked to t h i s enuouncomant u n t i l 1948 whan Me.chle & G regoriue r e p o rte d a s im ila r ia e rsc e a d In cid en ce o f lu n g can cer i n chrornate- workers I t new os eras- w ith o u t $&eslim t h a t some p la c e i n th e chrosium p ro d u cin g in d u s try such a h a za rd e x is t s , although to d a te I t has n ot been w ell id e n tifie d * A pparently :\i xa sons kind o f a S pecific exposure beesuea i f te c not y e t boon a s s o c ia te d w ith th e chroms p la tin g
in d u s tr y *
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F in a lly I would sim ply l i k e to m o tio n th a t la th o se v o rk a rs who develop
ig b s^ te g is, th e r e 1 a ls o er. in c re a s e d in c id e n c e o f pulmonary cancer Exposure to g,st0Bto8 d u s t alon { w ithout th s appearance o f e s b s s to s ie does n o t seest to be
associated w ith th e in creased incidence o f lung cancer I need only n sn tio n ra d ia tio n
eanosf a t evidenced by akin cancers in ra d io lo g is ts and hone sarcomas la radio p a in te rs to re c a ll the carcinogenic hazards asso ciated w ith th ese occupations?
I would l i k e now to show you a trasaa&ry e lid e o f acme o f th e more w e ll recognised oocup&tion&l cancers*
(SLIDE 8) IhO s ig n if ic a n c e o f t h i s slid U s e i n th e much g r e a te r rauaber o f c a s e s re p o rte d fs m o th er countries* p rin c ip a lly England, th an re p o rted from the U nited S tates* .tilth th e x c e p tio n o f sh a le o il* where th e exposure does n o t occur in th e Uni te a S ta te si t h i s d if f e r e n c e hag been a t t r i b u t e d to two fa c to rs ? 1 ) th e g r e a te r per-' m&1 c le a n lin e s s end icrorovod w orking c o n d itio n s o f th e m a jo rity o f American workersc and 2) the lack o f a c e n tra l re p o rtin g agency fo r cancer in the U nited States* b u t i t s presence in England, In England, a i l cancer caese a re re p o rte d to the C h ief In s p e c to r o f K in s8 and F a c to rie s who p e r io d ic a l ly a n a ly s e s th e date, so ell ctad and c o r r e la te s i t w ith th e o c c u p a tio n a l h is to r y o f th e Individual Mo Such r e p o r tin g system a x is tc i n th e U n ited S ta te s and hence i t I s b e lie v e d by many b&psrto i n t h i s fie ld * th a t many o c c u p a tio n a l c an c e rs a re iaiscsc.e Shore I s on o th e r $$at t h a t t h i s olid eaptooiSQSo She d a ta gi^sm covey a p p ro x im a te ly a 20 y e ar f t r i e d * Thus th e number o f cases o f o ccu p atio n al cancer re p re se n ts but a em ail tra c tio n o f th e t o t a l number o f casco o f cancer which occur each year T his figur .N been e s tim a te d a s about am ~ ten th . o f on p erc en t You can th u s ge t h a t th e d e r a i l problem in term s of the to ta l cancer p ic tu re i s a r e la tiv e ly in s ig n ific a n t bhs* 3Sfonotholear fo r any eao in d u stry * th e problem can become a s ig n i f i c a n t one.
12
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$ 8 typ mSi he# h o t u s * fo r in stase t&k th s ese o f th e r e f i n e r y re p re s e n te d
th t h i r d bar* I t con "be seen t h a t th e in c id a o s o f can car o f a l l s i t e s i s n o t
^tg&lng when comparM w ith th e g e n e ra l p o p u la tio n # S im ila r ly th e in c id e n ce o f
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lung and kin can cer would h e no cause f o r concern v)im coxaparsd w ith th e
!j^swnce fo r th e se s i t e s in th e g en eral popule-ton# X would p a r tic u la r ly lik e to ; * your a t t e n t i o n to th e figuro f o r s k in cancer# I t i s seen t h a t th e incl& enes w orkers i n th r e f i n e r y i s alm o st h a l f th a t i n th e g e n e ra l p o p u la tio n ^ h u t row
llgips saiaino thee f ig u r e s more olcsXye
ti
(SUDS 11)
:;th e in c id e n ce o f s k in cancel* i n th e g e n eral p o p n la tio n in th e age ran g es
M & i s g iv e n In th e f i r s t two h a re l a th e n e x t b a r th e in c id e n c e o f skin.
among a l l employsee in th r e f i n e r y i s g iren # However,, i n rev iew in g th e se
H i t v as found th a t about i f } o f th e n ap p eared on th e s k in o f th e scrotum# Be
of the previous lite ra tu r e references to occupational sc ro ta l cancer0 cur indos |||pSj>iciea was aroused and d e ta ile d stu d ie s were undertaken fh esa stu d io s in d icated
f i l l th o se men. v o rk id i n one sm all a re a o f th e r e f in e r y fo r mor th a n 10 y e a re c j|jat* s more th e y a l l worked n t th o cam oh fo r more th a n te a y e ars# On t h i s
I* th e n , i t i s goon th a t a v ery s i g n i f i c a n t in c ro a e e in th e in c id e n c e o f kin in t h i s s e le c te d group o f worker e x is ts * and th a t* th e re fo re s a d e f in ite
itio n a l cancer e x is ts # Ae a r e s u l t o f ouch s tu d ie s i t was p o s s ib le to p in p o in t ^ e a r d and to introduce, th n e c e s s a ry p re c a u tio n s to e lim in a te i t #
T h is th e n le a d s to th e 6fe oueetion* namely* wBow doe one a r r iv e a t th
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^ f k k k l s one# F i r s t o f a l l th e lo c a tio n o f th e cancer mn% be determ ined* A ll
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